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________________ zrIdevanArAyaNa zarmA ema0 e0, sAhityaratna, risarca skaoNlara, prAkRta jainazAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, mujaphpharapura, vihAra. hiMdU tathA jainasAdhu-paramparA evaM AcAra yaha hamArI rASTrIya vizeSatA hai ki jaba bhI hama kisI vastu ke itihAsa kA anveSaNa karate haiM, to usake mUla-srota kI jAnakArI ke liye vedoM ko avazya TaTolate haiM. aura yaha ThIka bhI hai kyoMki vedoM meM bIjarUpa meM jo ciMtana hai usakA samyak vikAsa Age ke sAhitya meM milatA hai. vastutaH yahI bAta sAdhu-paramparA ke sambandha meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai. yadyapi yaha satya hai ki AtmA,punarjanma aura karmaphalavAda ke viSaya meM vaidika RSiyoM ne adhika nahIM socA thA, kintu inakA vikAsa Age calakara upaniSadoM meM huA-sA lagatA hai. AtmA zarIra se bhinna vastu hai, jo maraNoparAnta paraloka ko jAtI hai, siddhAnta kA AbhAsa vaidika RcAoM meM milatA hai. yadyapi vedoM kA vAtAvaraNa Ananda aura ullAsa kA hai, usameM bhaya athavA zoka kI chAyA nahIM hai. kintu isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki vaidika janatA isI saMsAra para bhUlI huI thI aura use sAMsArika jIvanoparAnta AnevAle pAralaukika jIvana kA dhyAna hI nahIM thA. dhyAna thA aura RSioM ne kabhI-kabhI isa rahasya para vicAra bhI kiyA hai. para isake bAda bhI vedoM se yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki usa samaya ke AryoM meM zreya kI apekSA preya kI bhAvanA hI adhika hai prabala thI. preya ko chor3akara zreya kI ora bar3hane kI AturatA upaniSadoM ke samaya jagI, jaba mokSa ke sAmane gRhastha jIvana nissAra samajhA jAne lagA evaM loga, jIvana se Ananda lene ke badale saMnyAsa lene lage. upaniSadoM ne mokSa kA saMsAra ko samAdhAna batalAyA aura yaha kahA ki mokSa kA mArga jJAna hai. isa yuga meM jJAna kI itanI mahimA bar3hI ki varNAzrama aura yajJavAda, donoM bahuta pIche chUTa gaye. cUMki mokSa kA siddhAnta nirupita karane meM bAra-bAra sAMsArika jIvana kI duHkhapUrNatA kI carcA kI gayI, isa kAraNa samAja meM eka taraha kA nirAzAvAda phailane lagA aura loga, jIvana meM usa utsAha ko khone lage, jo vedakAlIna bhAratavAsiyoM kI vizeSatA thI. vaidika-sabhyatA, karmaTha manuSya kI sabhyatA thI jo socatA kama, kAma adhika karatA thA. jise naraka kI cintA nahIM, sadA svarga kA hI lobha thA. jo jIvana ko duHkhoM kA AgAra nahIM, sukha aura Ananda kA sAdhana mAnatA thA. magara upaniSadoM ne mAnava-jIvana ke aneka naye paTa ughAr3a diye aura vaha unake savAloM ke cakkara meM par3a gayA. yaha sRSTi kyA hai ? jIva sAnta hai yA ananta ? yaha janma ke pahale kyA thA ? jIvana kI sthiti marane ke bAda kyA hogI? kyA jIvana marane ke sAtha hI samApta ho jAyegA ? yA marane ke bAda bhI hameM svarga milegA? agara hA~ to isakA 1. Rgveda-1,164, 20-37-38. 2. yajuveMda-31118. 3. vahIM-115. 4. atharva veda-165211, yaju0 puruSa sUkta 22. 5. Rgved-3508|6|28 ANCIA- K A RNAAGINB000006 MINS tAtAvara Jain E Jaimenorary.org
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________________ Jain Educatche devanArAyaNa zarmA : hindU tathA jainasAdhu-paramparA evaM AcAra : 441 pramANa kyA hai ? ina praznoM ne mAnava ko sthUla evaM pratyakSa se sUkSma tathA anumAna kI ora agrasara hone ko bAdhya kiyA. aura ve aise dharma kI khoja meM lage jo bhogapradhAna nahIM, yogapradhAna ho, vairAgya-pradhAna ho. sArAMzataH hama yahIM se sAdhuparamparA kA sUtrapAta hotA huA dekhate hai. vaidikadarzana meM vairAgya kI manobhAvanA kA Arambha upaniSadoM meM hI hotA hai aura vaha bhAvanA bauddha tathA jainadarzanoM meM adhika prabala hotI huI dIkhatI hai. upaniSadoM se Atma-vidyA aura tapazcaryA kI jo paripATI calI usase prerita hokara loga adhika saMkhyA meM virAgI hone lage. isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki jo loga yaha samajhate the ki unheM Atma-jJAna prApta ho gayA tathA jIvanmukta ho gaye haiM yA jIvanmukti kI rAha para haiM, ve saMsAra ko chor3akara isalie saMnyAsI yA virAgI ho jAte the ki kahIM gRhasthAzrama meM rahane se ve isa avasthA se patita na ho jAeM. ye saMnyAsI aura parivrAjaka sarvatra ghUmate rahate the. per3oM ke nIce athavA kuTiyoM meM unakA sonA hotA thA aura vanoM meM tapazcaryA. ina sAdhuoM kI vizeSatA yahI thI ki yajJa meM inakA vizvAsa nahIM thA, karmakANDa ko ve nahIM mAnate the aura aihika sukhoM ko ve manuSya kA hIna uddezya batalAte the. unakA lakSya manuSya ke bhItara vairAgya jagAkara use Izvara kI ora le jAnA thA. yadyapi yaha saMnyAsa mArga vaidikakAla meM hI pracalita ho cukA thA, to bhI prAyaH vaha karmakANDa se Age kadama nahIM bar3hA sakA thA. smRti Adi granthoM meM saMnyAsa lene kI bAta kahI gayI hai, parantu usameM pradhAnataH pUrvAzramoM ke kartavyapAlana' kA upadeza diyA hI gayA. parantu yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya hai ki jo karmakANDa athavA yajJavAda itanI prabalatA se deza meM pracalita thA aura jisakA samarthaka prabhAvazAlI purohitavarga thA, usane bhI isa upaniSadkAlIna nivRtti pradhAna dharma ke sAmane ghuTane Teka diye. isa Azcaryamaya parivartana ko dekhakara yaha spaSTa kahanA par3a jAtA hai ki usake apadastha ho jAne ke kucha aise prabala kAraNa avazya upasthita hue, jinhoMne usake mAnane vAloM para tIvra pratikriyA utpanna kI. vAstava meM isameM se pahalA evaM pradhAna kAraNa jaina evaM bauddha dharmo kA pracAra-prasAra hai. kyoMki inhIM donoM dharmoM ne prAyaH cAroM varNoM ke lie saMnyAsamArga kA dvAra khola diyA. para isakA tAtparya yaha kadApi nahIM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra tathA buddha ke pUrva isa deza meM vairAgI athavA saMnyAsI the hI nahIM the, para saMnyAsa athavA vairAgya grahaNa karane kA adhikAra kevala brAhmaNavarga ko hI thA, anya vargoM ko nahIM. isa kAraNa ye vairAgI aura saMnyAsI ine gine hI dekhane ko milate the. lekina ina donoM zramaNa-sampradAyoM ne apane AcAroM evaM nivRtti pradhAna upadezoM se isa prakAra deza kI janatA ko apanI ora AkRSTa kiyA ki purohita-dharma jo cirakAla se poSita evaM sarakRta hone ke kAraNa dRDhamUla ho cukA thA, usakI jar3a sarvathA hila gayI. vastutaH yaha zramaNa varga bhI brAhmaNa varga ke sAtha hI isa deza meM vidyamAna rahA hai. bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko jinheM zrImadbhAgavata meM bhagavadaMzAvatAra mAnA gayA hai, jainaloga apanA Adi tIrthaMkara mAnate haiM. bauddhoM ke kathAnusAra siddhArtha gautama vAstava meM antima buddha haiM aura tretAyuga ke dAzarathI rAma bhagavAn buddha ke eka avatAra samajhe jAte haiM. hinduoM ke prAcIna granthoM meM yatra-tatra jainoM aura bauddhoM ke prAcIna astitva ke pramANa milate haiM. isalie yaha ThIka-ThIka kahanA kaThina hai ki brAhmaNa aura zramaNa-sampradAyoM meM kauna kisakI apekSA adhika prAcIna hai. veda meM vedanindakoM, nAstikoM aura yajJa meM vighna DAlane vAle dRzyAdRzya sabhI taraha ke prANiyoM ke viruddha mantra aura nirAkaraNa ke sAdhana haiM. isase yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki ina donoM samdAoM kA rUpa cAhe jo bhI ho, para isameM sandeha nahIM ki uparyukta donoM mato ke loga vedamantroM ke racanA kAla se pahale ke hI hai. ye zramaNa avaidika hote the. brAhmaNa yajJapAtra ko mAnate the, zramaNa unheM anupayogI samajhate the. sabhI brAhmaNa Astika the, kintu zramaNoM ke bhItara Astika aura nAstika donoM hI prakAra ke loga the. anumAna yaha hai ki yoga aura kRcchrAcAra kI paramparA isa deza meM AryoM ke Agamana ke pUrva se hI vidyamAna thI aura isa paramparA kA varddhana evaM poSaNa saMbhavatayA 1 manu0adhyA0 6 / 1 / 2 TIVE Persone www.brary.org
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________________ hmhmnmnnnmh 442 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya yaha zramaNa-varga hI karatA A rahA thA. kintu jabataka yajJapAtra kI pradhAnatA rahI. zramaNoM kA prabhAva sImita rahA. unakA prabhAva tabataka bar3hA jaba samAja meM prabala vega se mokSa kA siddhAnta pracalita huA aura loga gRhastha kI apekSA saMnyAsI ko adhika zreSTha samajhane lage. isI prakAra mUrti-pUjaka vairAgiyoM kI bhI paramparA AtI hai. yadyapi upaniSadoM meM mUrtipUjA kA pramANa nahIM milatA, kintu mahAmahopAdhyAya kANe viracita dharmazAstroM ke itihAsa se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA se pAMca sau varSa pUrva samAja meM aise purohita the, jo maMdiroM meM pratimA-pUjana karavAte the. isa AdhAra para yaha svIkAra kara liyA jA sakatA hai ki vairAgI kahalAne vAle bhakta-sAdhuoM kI paramparA kA Arambha bhI I0pUrva0500 ke lagabhaga ho cukA thA. isa taraha hama bhArata kI sAdhu-paramparA kA sAmAnya avalokana kara lene ke bAda aba yahA~ unake AcAra kA bhI sthUla rUpa se digdarzana kara sakate haiM. vastutaH yaha AcAra zabda dharma kA hI samAnArthaka zabda mAnA jAtA rahA hai. manu ne dazakaM-dharma-lakSaNam ke dvArA prAcAra ko hI vizeSa spaSTa karane kI ceSA kI hai. jaina dharma aura bauddhadharma meM to isakA mahattva aura bhI adhika hai. vahA~ yaha AcAra vividha rUpoM meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai. ahiMsA, niSkAmatA, manovijaya, Atma-saMyama jaisI sadAcaraNa-sambandhI bAtoM kI ora unhoMne vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai. kSamA, zIla, prajJA, maitrI, satya, vIrya Adi bodhisattva ke Adarza guNa mAne gaye haiM. isI taraha thor3e se zabda bheda ke sAtha prAyaH inhIM ko ahiMsA, satya, asteya, zauca, brahmacarya, aparigraha, saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya tathA Izvara-praNidhAna ke nAma dekara yoga-darzana ne bhI apane yahA~ yama-niyamoM ke rUpa meM sthAna de diyA hai. smRtiyoM ne to AcAraH paramodharmaH isa kathana ke dvArA dharma kA spaSTa artha hI AcAra pradhAna karma nirdhArita kara diyA hai. hama dekhate haiM ki jainadharma meM bhI 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' isa kathana ke dvArA ahiMsA pradhAna karma ko hI dharma kahA gayA hai.' isa taraha isa niSkarSa para hama AsAnI se pahu~ca sakate haiM ki ahiMsA athavA AcAra pradhAna karma ko hI bhAratIya paramparA meM dharma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai. jainadharma meM ahiMsA ke atirikta jo satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye cAra anya vratoM ke bhI nAma liye gaye haiM, vastutaH ve svataMtra athavA pRthak sattA vAle nahIM haiM, apitu ahiMsA ke hI pUraka hai. ise yoM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahiMsA ke pUrNa-pAlana ke lie hI ina vratoM kI sAdhanA Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai. aba yaha siddha ho jAne ke bAda ki AcAra hI dharma hai athavA AcAra ko hI dharma kahate haiM, yaha sahajhane meM bhrama kA koI sthAna nahIM raha jAtA ki kisI vyakti, samAja, athavA rASTra ke jIvana meM AcAra kA kitanA adhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai. hindU aura jaina donoM hI paramparAoM meM jaisA ki hama Upara dekha cuke haiM, ahiMsA, amRSA, asteya, amaithuna aura aparigraha ina paMcavratoM ko hI dharma kA mUla stambha mAnA gayA hai. ina vratoM ke svarUpa para vicAra karane se eka to yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki inake dvArA manuSya kI una vRttiyoM kA niyaMtraNa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai, jo samAja meM mukhyarUpa se vaira evaM virodha kA kAraNa huA karatI haiM. dUsarI yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki AcaraNa kA pariSkAra saralatama-rIti se kucha niSedhAtmaka niyamoM ke dvArA hI kiyA jA sakatA hai. hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti jo kriyAe~ karatA hai, ve mUlataH svArthaM se prerita hotI haiM. aba kriyAoM meM kona sI kriyA acchI hai aura kauna sI burI yaha kisI mAnadaNDa ke nizcita hone para hI kahA jA sakatA hai. hama yahA~ usake mAnadaNDa ke rUpa meM spaSTataH rakha sakate haiM -samAja kA hita evaM zAnti kI rakSA. hiMsA asatya, corI,kuzIla aura parigraha ye sabhI sAmAjika pApa haiM. vyakti jitane hI aMza meM inakA parityAga karegA, utanAhI vaha sabhya samAja-hitaiSI mAnA jAyegA aura isa prakAra jitane vyakti ina vratoM kA pAlana kareMge usI anupAta meM samAjazuddha, sukhI aura pragatizIla ho sakegA. 1. caritaM khalu dhanmo dhammo jo so samoti NihiTTho / mohakaboha,vihINo pariNAmo appaNo hu samo || pra0 sta0 ku0 ka0 / / 17. dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha ahiMsA saMyamo tavo, devA vitaM na saMti jassa dhamme sayA maNo |-dazavakAlika sUtra / a01, gA01. Jain Eduion International wapinsineliboly.org
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________________ devanArAyaNa zarmA : hindU tathA jainasAdhu-paramparA evaM prAcAra : 443 yahA~ dharmAcAryoM ne prathama to yaha anubhava kiyA ki sabake liye saba avasthAoM meM ina vratoM kA pUrNa paripAlana saMbhava nahIM hai. ataeva jaina-dharma meM to ina vratoM ke do stara sthApita kiye gaye--aNu aura mahat arthAt ekadeza aura sarvadeza. pazcAt kAla meM AvazyakatAnusAra inake aticAra bhI nirdhArita hue, jisase sacce artha meM (bhAvataH) ina vratoM kA pAlana ho sake. isa prakAra vratoM ke aNu aura mahat ina do vibhAgoM ke dvArA jainadharma meM gRhastha aura sAdhu-AcAra ke bIca bheda prakaTa karanevAlI spaSTa rekhA khIMca dI gayI. prAyaH isI taraha kI milatI julatI vyavasthA hama hindUdharma meM bhI pAte haiM jo vyakti ke jIvana va yathAkrama brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa-dhAraNa kI caturvidha Azrama-vyavasthA se pramANita hai. vastutaH vyakti brahmacaryAzrama se jisa jIvana kA prArambha karatA hai usakI parisamApti saMnyAsAzrama meM hI jAkara hotI hai, jabaki sAdhaka usa gRha tathA parivAra ko bhI, jo usake bAlya aura yuvA donoM avasthAoM meM Azraya evaM AkarSaNa ke sthAna rahe haiM, bandhana kA kAraNa samajhatA huA chor3a kara cala par3atA hai aura punaH usakI ora lauTa kara dekhatA taka nahIM. vastutaH yaha mAnava-jIvana kA eka mahAn parivartana evaM carama sAdhanA hai. aise sAdhu-AcAra para prakAza DAlane vAle graMtha bhI bhAratIya sAhitya ke aMtargata adhikAMza evaM zIrSa-sthAnIya mAne jAte haiM.. yaha sAdhu AcAra viSayaka sAhitya bahuta vizAla hai. isakI vizAlatA kA pradhAna kAraNa yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna kAla se hI dharma evaM adhyAtmacarcA kA pradhAna kendra isa bhArata meM prAyaH jitane bhI dhArmika grantha likhe gae , unameM zAyada hI koI graMtha bacA ho jo pratyakSa athavA parokSarUpa se sAdhu-AcAra se sambaddha na ho. prAyaH ina sabhI graMthoM meM mAnava ke caritra ko nirmala evaM ujjavala banAne ke yathAsaMbhava sabhI prayatna kiye gae haiM, jinameM udyotamAna maNi-dIpa ke rUpa meM anivAryaH sAdhu-AcAra bhI varNita hai. isa prakAra bhAratIya paramparA meM jo bhI sAhitya dhArmika kSetra ke antargata AtA hai, use hama prAyaH sAdhu-AcAra viSayaka bhI mAna sakate haiM, jinakI saMkhyA sahastrAvadhi graMthoM se bhI kahIM adhika hai. para yahAM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki yaha sAhitya kinhIM eka yA do panthoM athavA sampradAyoM kI sampatti ho,inake antargata to saikar3oM pantha aura sampradAya A jAte haiM. kintu yahA~ nibandha kI sImA ko dekhate hue mAtra hindU aura jaina sAdhu-AcAra kA sAmAnya paricaya hI abhISTa hai aura isa meM bhI hindUparamparA se pratinidhi graMtha ke rUpa meM manusmRti aura jaina paramparA se mUlAcAra ina do ko hI grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI sthUla-dRSTi se sUkSma-dRSTi se nahIM. kyoMki 'aratha amita aru Akhara thore' kI ukti ko caritArtha karane vAle ina dharma graMthoM kA sUkSma vivecana svata: eka mahAn sAhitya race jAne kI apekSA rakhatA hai. manusmRti aura sAdhu-prAcAra manusmRti meM sAdhu-AcAra kA varNana vaidika evaM varNAzrama paramparA para AdhArita hai. manu ne brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa, ina cAroM AzramoM kA kramAnusAra pAlana para jora dete hue sAdhu ke vAnaprasthI aura saMnyAsI nAmake do vibhAga kiye haiM. yahI kAraNa hai ki vAnaprasthAzrama meM praveza karane se pUrva snAtaka dvija ke liye unhoMne vidhivat gRhasthA zramI honA Avazyaka batAyA hai. itanA hI nahIM, manu ke mata se gRhastha jaba ativRddha ho jAe, unakI tvacA zithila par3a jAya, usake bAla jaba sapheda dikhane lageM aura jaba vaha pautravAn ho jAe taba sAMsArika viSayoM se svabhAvata: virata huA--vaha vana kA Azraya grahaNa kare. vAnaprasthAzrama svIkAra kara lene ke bAda, sAdhaka grAmya AcAra evaM upakaraNoM kA bhI parityAga kara de. patnI kI icchAnusAra hI, vaha use apane sAtha lele athavA putra ke saMrakSaNa meM hI rakha de. para, vana meM vAnaprasthI zrota agni tathA usase sambandhita sAdhana suka, suvA, Adi ke sAtha hI nivAsa kare. vAnaprasthI ke liye muninimittaka annoM evaM vana meM utpanna pavitra zAka, mUla, phalAdi se gRhasthoM ke liye vihita paMcamahAyajJoM kA pAlana karanA manu ne Avazyaka batalAyA hai. 1. dekhiye manu0 adhyA 6. YVVVVVY Jaination Reptional Hivate de personal use my Misinelibrary.org
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________________ 444 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya -0--0-0--0--0--0--0-0-0-0 muni kI veza-bhUSA evaM rUpa ke sambandha meM bhI manu ke vicAra bar3e spaSTa haiM, unakI rAya meM muni cAhe to mRgacarma dhAraNa kare athavA vastrakhaNDa, para use jaTA, dAr3hI, mUMcha evaM nakha Adi rakhane hI haiM. muni apane bhojana meM se yathAzakti vali tathA bhikSA pradAna kare evaM Azrama meM Aye hue atithiyoM kI jala, kaMda, mUla, phalAdi se arcanA bhI kare. tapasvI ko nityavedAbhyAsa, dAnazIlatA, nirlobha evaM sarvahita meM rata rahate hue amAvazyA, pUrNimA Adi paryoM meM zAstrAnusAra kiye jAne vAle yajJoM kA bhI sampAdana karanA cAhie.usa muni ko vana meM utpanna nIvAra Adi se nirmita yajJa ke yogya havi ko devatAoM ko arpita kara zeSa svayaMkRta lavaNa ke sAtha grahaNa karanA cAhie. usake liye zahada, mAMsa, tathA bhUmi meM utpanna puSpa Adi sabhI tyAjya haiM. manu ne muniko AzvinamAsa meM sabhI pUrva saMcita dhAnyoM zAka-mUla-phaloM, yahAM taka ki zarIra meM dhAraNa kiye gaye jIrNa-vastrakhaNDa ko bhI chor3a dene kA Adeza diyA hai. aphAla kRSTa bhUmi ke dhAnya hI unakI dRSTi meM tapasvI ke liye grAhya haiM. phAlakRSTa bhUmi se utpanna anna vanAntargata kA bhI, yahAM taka ki utsRSTa bhI grAhya nahIM hai. bhale hI isake phalasvarUpa muni ko bhUkhA hI kyoM na raha jAnA par3e. sAmarthya ke anusAra prApta anna ko bhI rAtri athavA dina ke caturtha athavA aSTakAla meM hI vAnaprasthI grahaNa kare. yahAM anya kAloM kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai. tapasvI usa anna ko bhI kRSNapakSa meM eka-eka piNDa ghaTAtA huA evaM zuklapakSa meM eka-eka piNDa bar3hAtA haA grahaNa kara cAndrAyaNavrata ke dvArA jIvana-yApana kare. isake vikalpa meM kAlapakva tathA vRkSa se gire hae phala ke khAne kI vyavasthA hai. vAnaprasthI ko jIvana dhAraNa ke yogya bhikSA vAnaprastha brAhmaNoM se athavA vanavAsI grahastha brAhmaNoM se athavA uparyukta donoM ke abhAva meM grAmavAsiyoM se bhI grahaNa karanI cAhie. para sAtha hI, yahAM yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki vaha bhikSA bhI kisI ke pAtra meM nahIM apitu patte ke done meM, kapAla khaNDa meM athavA hAthoM meM hI ATha grAsa lenI cAhie. yahAM jisa prakAra AhAra grahaNa karane Adi ke saMbaMdha ke kaThora niyama manu ne batAye haiM, usI prakAra muni kI dinacaryA bhI sukara nahIM ginAyI hai. tapasvI ke liye bhUmi para lauTate hue calanA, paroM ke agrabhAga se dina bhara khar3A rahanA, saMdhyA, prAtaH evaM madhyAhna meM snAna karanA tathA inase bhI bar3ha kara grISma Rtu meM paMcAgni ke bIca, varSA meM khule AkAza ke nIce evaM hemanta Rtu meM Ardravastra dhAraNa kara tapa vRddhi karane kA vidhAna hai. isake bAda bhI tInoM kAloM meM snAna-kriyAdi se nivRtta hokara devatA, RSi evaM pitaroM kA tarpaNa va anyAnya ugratara vratoM kA pAlana karate hue apane zarIra ko kRza banAnA yaha bhI tapasvI kA dharma batAyA gayA hai. isa prakAra ina niyamoM kA tathA zAstrokta anya niyamoM kA bhI pAlana karate hue muni kI vidyA, tapa Adi kI vRddhi zarIra kI zuddhi evaM brahmatva kI siddhi ke liye upaniSadoM meM par3ho gayI vividha zrutiyoM kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie. asAdhya rogoM se AkrAnta ho jAne kI sthiti meM tapasvI ko zarIra nipAtaparyanta jala tathA pavana kA AhAra karate hue yoganiSTha hokara IzAna-dizA kI ora Age bar3hate calA jAnA cAhie, kyoM ki isa prakAra zokabhaya rahita zarIra-parityAga karane vAlA hI mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai. uparyukta prakAra se vAnaprasthI tapasvI ke AcAra kA varNana karane ke pazcAt manu ne parivrAjaka sAdhuoM kA prAcAra batalAyA hai. vastutaH yaha jIvana kA aMtima pahalU hai, jisake pazcAt jIvana meM aura kucha karane ko nahIM raha jAtA. yahI sthiti vedAntiyoM ke zabdoM meM so'hamasmi kI avasthA mAnI jAtI hai, jabaki vAnaprasthI muni gRha kA pUrNa parityAga kara pavitra daNDa, kamaNDalu Adi ke sAtha pUrNa kAma evaM nirapekSa rUpa se saMnyAsa dhAraNa kara letA hai aura anagni evaM aniketa hokara mAtra bhikSA ke liye hI grAma kI zaraNa letA hai aura anyathA nahIM. vaha isa avasthA meM zarIra kI upekSA karatA huA sthira-buddhi hokara brahma ciMtana meM ekaniSTha bhAva se apane bhikSApAtra ke rUpa meM kapAla, nivAsa ke liye vRkSa kI chAyA evaM zarIra AveSTana ke liye jIrNavastra dhAraNa kara letA hai. sAtha hI vaha brahma-buddha samaloSTAzmakAMcana kI bhAvanA se yukta hotA huA pUrNa jIvanmukta lakSita hotA hai. vaha na jIne kI hI kAmanA karatA hai aura na marane kI hI. vaha mAtra eka AjJAkArI kiMkara kI taraha svAmI-kAla ke Adeza kI pratIkSA meM rahatA hai. vaha sadA A~khoM se MER DAM _Jain lucations Person Prorary.org
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________________ devanArAyaNa zarmA : hindU tathA jainasAdhu-paramparA evaM AcAra : 445 dekhakara pada-vikSepa, vastra se pavitrakara jala grahaNa. satyamaya vacana-prayoga evaM vacana niSiddha saMkalpa rahita mana ke anusAra AcaraNa karatA hai. usa vyakti meM dUsaroM ke kaTU-vAkyoM ko saha lene kI apUrva kSamatA, saboM ko sammAna dene kI pravRtti evaM vizva maitrI kI hArdika abhilASA pAI jAtI hai. vaha krodhI ke prati bhI zAnti evaM niMdaka ke prati bhI stuti kI bhAvanA se vyavahAra karatA hai. vaha saptadvArAvakIrNa arthAt pA~ca jJAnendriya evaM mana tathA buddhi viSayaka anRtabAtoM kA parihAra kara brahma viSayaka vANI kA hI prayoga karanA apekSita mAnatA hai. vaha parivrAjaka brahmabhAva meM lIna, yogAsanasthiti, nirapekSa, nirAmiSa evaM Atma-sAhAyya se hI mokSa-sukha kI kAmanA rakhatA huA, isa saMsAra meM vicaraNa karatA hai. brahmalIna virakta sAdhu ke liye manu ne bhUkampa Adi utpAtoM kI saMbhAvanA, aMgasphuraNa Adi ke phala, sAmudrika zAstra ke anusAra hastarekhA Adi ke pariNAma, yahA~ taka ki zAstropadeza Adi ke kathana dvArA bhI bhikSA prApti karane kI pravRtti kI nindA kI hai. sAdhuoM ko bhikSA ke liye jAte samaya sAvadhAna karate hue manu ne spaSTa kaha diyA hai ki jisa daravAje para anya tapasvI, bhojanArthI, brAhmaNa, yahAM taka ki pakSI, kutte athavA kSudrAtikSudra koI yAcaka bhI khar3A ho to vahAM kabhI bhI jAnA ucita nahIM. muni kA bhikSA pAtra tumbI, kASTha, mRttikA athavA bAMsa Adi ke khaNDa se nirmita evaM nizchidra honA cAhie. viSayAsakti se bacane ke liye sAdhu ko dina meM eka bAra hI bhikSA grahaNa karanI cAhie. sAdhu ke bhikSA-grahaNa-kAla kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue manu ne sApha-sApha batalA diyA hai ki jaba rasoI kI uSNatA samApta ho cukI ho, mUsala kUTane kA zabda taka na sunAI detA ho, rasoI kI Aga bhI buka cukI ho evaM prAya: saba loga bhojana bhI kara cuke hoM taba sAdhu ko bhikSA grahaNa ke liye prasthAna karanA cAhie. bhojana ke mila jAne para tapasvI prasanna ho aura na aprApti kI sthiti meM dukhI ho. dAtA meM mamatva kI pravRtti se bacane ke liye sAdhu satkAra pUrvaka dI gaI bhikSA ko svIkAra na kare. tapasvI ko sadA janma-maraNa, sukha-duHkha, jarA vyAdhi Adi ke kAraNoM para vicAra karate hue, sabhI prANiyoM meM samadRSTi ke sAtha hI svadharmAcaraNa meM pravRtta honA cAhie. use cAhie ki apane zarIra ko kleza pahu~cAkara bhI cIMTI Adi kSudra jantuoM kI rakSA ke liye dina athavA rAta meM bhI bhUmi ko dekhakara vicaraNa kare. para, isake bAda bhI yadi usase ajJAna-vaza hiMsA ho hI jAe, to vaha usake prAyazcita-svarUpa chaH prANAyAma kare. sapta vyAhRtiyoM evaM praNavoM se yukta vidhivata kiye gae tIna prANAyAma bhI brAhmaNa kA zreSTha tapa jAnanA cAhie. yahAM usa brahmalIna yati ke lie prANAyAma ke dvArA rAgAdi doSoM kA, brahmaniSTha mana kI dhAraNA se pApoM kA, indriyoM kA nigraha kara viSaya-saMsarga kA evaM dhyAna ke dvArA krodhAdi anIzvara guNoM kA dahana karanA Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai. para yahAM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki saMnyAsI ke uparyukta vizeSa dharma kA vidhAna karate hue bhI manu ne manuSya ke sAdhAraNa dharma dhRti, kSamA, dama, asteya Adi kI bhI apekSA batalAyA hai. yadyapi manu ke vicAra meM uparyukta sabhI upAya muni ko samyagdarzana prApta karAne meM sahAyaka hone ke hI kAraNa bAhya haiM. kyoMki karma-bandhana se mukta hone kA ekamAtra upAya samyagdarzana hI hai. yadi samyagdarzana arthAt samatvabhAva kI jAgRti yati meM nahIM huI to anya sabhI bAhya AcAra ADambara mAtra hI raha jAyeMge. ve kisI bhI sthiti meM yati ko mokSa kI prApti karAkara dharma ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakate. yahI kAraNa hai ki uparyukta sabhI muni ke AcAroM kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue bhI manu ne samatva prApti para hI adhika jora diyA hai aura usake vinA sabhI parizrama vyartha ghoSita kara diye haiM. isI prakAra manu ne bahUdaka, haMsa, paramahaMsa kuTIcaka saMjJaka sabhI prakAra ke saMnyAsiyoM ke AcAra evaM nityacaryA Adi ginAye haiM. para, ina saboM ke sAmAnya dharma evaM AcAra meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM rakhA hai. arthAt Upara varNita parivrAjaka ke AcAra hI sAmAnya rUpa se saboM ke liye anukaraNIya haiM aisA mAnA hai. kevala kuTIcaka ke sambandha meM kucha vizeSa bAteM
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________________ 446 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya kahI haiM. isa koTi kA yati apane putra ke Azraya meM hI rahakara bhojana, vastrAdi jIvikA kI cintA se mukta huA mokSaprApti kA prayatna karatA hai. mUlAcAra aura sAdhu' AcAra AcArya baTTakera ne manu kI taraha muni banane ke liye na to koI Ayu-sImA hI nirdhArita kI hai aura na unake liye muni banane se pUrva gRhasthAzramI bananA hI Avazyaka mAnA hai. unakI dRSTi meM jisa vyakti ke hRdaya meM kAmabhoga kI abhilASA samApta ho cukI ho, jisakI buddhi dharmAbhimukha ho, vahI virakta karmavIra puruSa nirmAlya-puSpa kI taraha gRhavAsa tyAga kara sAdhu-dharma svIkAra kara sakatA hai. arthAt jisa vyakti meM uparyukta vizeSatAe~ nahIM A pAI haiM, vaha cAhe kisI bhI Ayu kA kyoM na ho, vaha yati-dharma kA adhikArI, anagAra nahIM kahalA sakatA. satya, ahiMsA, adatta-parivarjana, brahmacarya tathA triguptiyoM meM nitya pravRtti evaM parigraha se nivRtti ko AcArya ne sAdhu ke mUla guNa mAne haiM. muni ke liye mithyAtva, rAga, hAsya, rati, arati, bhaya, jugupsA, Adi graMthiyoM se mukta hokara yathAjAta rUpa arthAt digambaratva svIkAra kara jina-praNIta dharma meM anurakta rahanA anivArya batAyA gayA hai. unakI rAya meM sAdhu sadA nirIha, niSkAma bhAva se jIvana-yApana karate haiM, evaM unheM isa paMca tattva nirmita apane zarIra meM kisI taraha kI mamatA nahIM rahatI. AcArya ne sAdhu ke AvAsa-kAla evaM AvAsa-sthAna ke sambandha meM nimnalikhita vicAra vyakta kiye haiM : sAdhu ke lie prAzraya lene kA samaya sUryAstakAla hI hai. vaha kAla jahAM kahIM bhI prApta ho jAe. para, dhyAna yaha rahe ki vaha AvAsa bhI ghara se bAhara ho, ghara meM nahIM. anagAroM ke lie grAmavAsa evaM nagaravAsa kI sImA AcArya ne kramazaH eka rAta aura pAMca dina nirdhArita kI hai. muni kI upamA gandhahasti se dete hue unake lie ekAntavAsI hokara hI mukti sukha kA anubhavana karanA Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai. ekAnta sthAnoM meM sAmAnyata, giri-kandarA, zUnya-gRha, parvata zmazAnAdi ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM. muni kI carcA, vihAra, bhikSA Adi ke sambandha meM prAcArya baTTakera ke nimnalikhita Adeza haiM : muni parvata kI guphAoM meM vIrAsanAdi se athavA ekapArzvazAyI rahakara rAtri vyatIta kare. use vAyu kI taraha mukta, nirapekSa evaM svacchanda hokara grAma, nagara, Adi se maNDita isa pRthvI para paribhramaNa karanA cAhie. para vihAra karate samaya muni satata, saceSTa rahe ki kahIM usakI asAvadhAnI se kisI jIva ko kleza na pahuMce. use jIvoM ke prati anukSaNa satarka evaM dayA-dRSTi rakhanI cAhie. muni ke lie, jIvoM ke sabhI paryAya evaM ajIva arthAt dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla Adi ke svarUpa, sabheda paryAya Adi kA jJAna prApta kara hI sAvadya vastuoM kA tyAga evaM anavadya kA grahaNa karanA kartavya hai. yati tRNa, vRkSa, chAla, patra, kanda, mUla, phala Adi ke chedana karane tathA karAne donoM hI se alaga rahe. sAdhu ko pRthvI kA khanana, utkIrNana, cUrNana, sevana, utkarSaNa, bIjana, jvAlana, mardana, Adi kAryoM se dUra rahanA cAhie. itanA hI nahIM, vaha ina kAryoM ko dUsare se bhI na karAve aura na dUsare ke kiye hue kA anumodana hI kare. zramaNa-sAdhuoM ke liye daNDadhAraNa kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai. baTTakera ke matAnusAra sAdhu ko zastra, daNDa Adi kA pUrNataH tyAgakara sabhI prANiyoM meM samabhAva rakhate hue Atma-cintanazIla honA cAhie. use chaThe, AThaveM, dasaveM, bArahaveM Adi bhaktoM para pAraNA karanA cAhie aura vaha bhI dUsaroM ke ghara bhikSA ke dvArA prApta anna se, na ki apane lie banAye, banavAye yA banAne kI sahamati se prApta anna se. aura vaha pAraNA bhI rasAsvAdana ke liye nahIM, apitu caritrasAdhanA ke liye vihita hai. AcArya ne kisI ke pAtra meM vA apane hAtha se lekara athavA kisI taraha ke doSa se yukta bhojana, muni ke lie sarvathA 1. dekhiye mUla0 anagArabhAvanAdhikAra. SagmailinduDIANRAICTIMATIVajans DB I TIAADHARAMPAINMUDAR 11 m itigham... 11111thm... hanti.. wagainelibrary.org ___JainEditicalHD Manjirime MAHIN
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________________ 0-0--0-0-0-------- -- devanArAyaNa zarmA : hindU tathA jainasAdhu-paramparA evaM prAcAra : 447 tyAjya kahA hai. vaha bhojana yadi parama vizuddha tathA sabhI doSoM se mukta ho aura vaha bhI anya ke dvArA pANipAtra meM hI diyA jAe taba muni use grahaNa kare, aisA AcArya kA mata hai. yati ke dvArA bhikSA nimitta hiMDana kI ora granthakartA (AcArya baTTakera) ne dhyAna AkRSTa karate hue yaha spaSTa kaha diyA hai ki sAdhu vinA yaha jAne hue amuka sthAna meM gRhastha usakI pratIkSA kara rahe hoMge, ataH vahAM usakA svAgata hogA tathA amuka dizA meM usakI upekSA hogI, sAmAnya rUpa se ghara ke katAroM se ucca-nIca, dhanI, daridra Adi ko samAna dRSTi se dekhatA huA bhikSA grahaNa kare. usake liye zItala, uSNa, rukSa, snigdha Adi kA vinA vicAra kiye hI asvAdapUrvaka bhojana svIkAra karanA karttavya hai. kyoMki muni isa paMcatattva se nirmita zarIra kA dhAraNa dharma-pAlana ke nimitta tathA dharma pAlana va mukti-prApti-hetu karatA hai. ata: bhikSA-grahaNa kA eka mAtra lakSya zarIra-dhAraNa karanA hI hai aura kucha nahIM. zramaNa muni na bhikSA prApta hone para saMtuSTa aura na usakI aprApti ko sthiti meM asaMtuSTa hI hotA hai. usake liye ye donoM hI sthitiyA~ samAna haiM. isa kAraNa vaha sadA madhyastha evaM anAkula rUpa se vihAra karatA hai. vaha kabhI bhI kisI gRhastha se dInatApUrvaka bhikSA kI yAcanA nahIM karatA. aisI sthiti meM use khAlI hAtha bhI lauTanA par3a sakatA hai, para vaha nirvikAra citta kabhI mauna bhaMga nahIM karatA. vaha bhojana svIkAra karane ke sambandha meM bar3I sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai. bAsI, vivarNa, tathA aprAsuka anna use kabhI grAhya nahIM hotA. sAdhu ke uparyukta prakAra se bhojana, AcaraNAdi kA varNana karate hue AcArya ne usakI zAstrIya yogyatA para bhI jora diyA hai. unake anusAra sAdhu ko kevala bhojana Adi kI hI zuddhi nahIM apitu jJAna kI zuddhi bhI rakhanI cAhie. vivekI muni ke liye AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga Adi kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai. ve yati ke liye, svabhAvataH AcArya upAdhyAya Adi ke upadezoM ko dhAraNa-grahaNa karane meM samartha, tadanusAra akSarazaH AcaraNa karane vAlA, vIjabuddhi (arthAt kisI bhI viSaya ko ekAdha bIjarUpa pradhAna akSaroM ko suna lene para hI samasta rUpa se samajhane vAlA), aura zrutoM meM pAragAmI vidvAn honA anivArya mAnate haiM. para isa jJAna-garimA ke bAda bhI zramaNa ko mAna-rahita, avita, krodharahita, mRdu svabhAvI, sva-parasamayavid evaM vinIta honA cAhie, AcArya kA lakSya yahA~ taka hai. sAdhu ke lie zarIra kA saMskAra niSiddha hai. vaha mukha, dAMta, nayana, paira Adi taka nahIM dhote, arthAt kisI taraha kA bhI bAhyamArjana unake lie vihita nahIM. yahAM taka ki zarIra meM yadi kisI taraha kI kaSTakara vyAdhi bhI ho jAe, taba bhI zramaNa-sAdhu use maunapUrvaka sahana hI kara le, para kisI taraha kI cikitsA na karAve yaha AcArya kA mata hai. sAdhu apanI pUrvAvasthA meM kI gayI rati-krIr3A athavA dhana-jana Adi ke vividha bhogoM kA na smaraNa hI kare aura na use dUsaroM ke prati kathana hI. usake dvArA kisI bhI sthiti meM dharma-virodhI athavA vinaya-vihIna bhASA kA prayoga nindya hai. sAdhu A~khoM se dekhatA huA tathA kAnoM se sunatA huA bhI mUka hokara vihAra kare tathA kabhI bhI laukika kathAoM meM pravRtta na ho, yaha AcArya kI AjJA hai. AcArya muni ke liye kaThora tapasyA ke pakSapAtI haiM. ve saMbhavatayA AtmA ke sAkSAtkAra meM isa zarIra ke prati anurakti ko hI pradhAna bAdhA mAnate haiM. isa kAraNa yathAsaMbhava tapa ke dvArA isa sthUla zarIra ko jarjarita karate rahanA hI Atmabodha meM sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai, isa ora unakA saMketa hai. aba uparyuktarUpa se sAdhu-AcAra ke sambandha meM rAjarSi manu tathA AcArya baTTakera ke vicAroM ke avalokana ke bAda yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki hindU tathA jaina donoM hI sampradAyoM ke sAdhu antaH tathA bAhya donoM hI dRSTiyoM se eka dUsare ke atyanta sannikaTa hai evaM paraspara prabhAvita bhI haiM. vastutaH sadAcaraNa aura sahAnubhUti hI sAdhu-jIvana ke AdhAra-stambha evaM mAnadaNDa haiM. tAkika buddhi ke dvArA zAstrajJa kisI tathya kA kevala UhApoha karatA hai. kintu usa jJAna ko apane jIvana meM utAranA vaha nahIM jAnatA. sAdhu usa jJAna ko apane jIvana kA Adarza banAtA hai aura apanA samagra AcaraNa usI bhitti para khar3A karatA hai. yahI kAraNa hai ki ina sAdhuoM meM varga-bhinnatA rahane para bhI AcaraNa-bhinnatA kevala nAma mAtra kI aura UparI hI hotI hai, vAstavika nahIM. Jain Education Interational