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________________ haima vyAkaraNa paraMparAmAM sarva vAvayaM sAvadhAnam | nyAyanI samIkSA vasantakumAra ma. bhaTTa AcArya hemacaMdrasUri(I. sa. 1088thI 1172)e pANinIya vyAkaraNamAMthI preraNA meLavIne, laukika saMskRta bhASAnuM ane vividha prAkRta bhASAonuM vyAkaraNa rajU karato siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana nAmano zakavartI graMtha racyo che. A vyAkaraNagraMtha upara temaNe trividha svapajJavRttio laghuvRtti, bRhadgati ane bRhabhyAsa (zabdamahArNavanyAsa) racI che. A vRttionI aMdara temaNe keTalAka nyAyo, ke jemane "paribhASAvacano' tarIke paNa oLakhavAmAM Ave che, temano prayoga karyo che. A nyAyone judA tAravIne ekAdhika vRttio racavAmAM AvI che. bahadavRttine aMte ApelA paribhASApATha (EyAdI) upara hemahaMsagaNi(1pamI sadI)e tathA vijayalAvaNyasUri(20mI sadI)e svataMtra TIkAgraMthonI racanA karI che. A ja paraMparAne AgaLa vadhAratAM vartamAnamAM munizrI naMdighoSavijayajIe nyAyasaMgrahanAM hiMdI anuvAda ane vivecana paNa prakAzita karelAM che. A. hemacaMdrasUrie uddhaH dila ! (si. che. za. 1-1-2) sUtrathI vyAkaraNazAstranA kAryakSetramAM paNa syAdvAdane AraMbhe mUkayo che. have, prastuta lekhamAM, AnA anusaMdhAnamAM ja haima vyAkaraNa paraMparAmAM kevI vivecanA hAtha dharavAmAM AvI che tenI samIkSA karavAnuM abhISTa che. si. he, za, nA AraMbhe hemacaMdrasUrie siddhi: cAlaH 1 1-1-2 evuM je sUtra mUkyuM che tenuM vivaraNa bahavRttimAM A pramANe jovA maLe che :- "siddhi syAdvAdane AdhAre (thAya che)" (1-1-2). 'A' evo avyaya anekAMtano dyotaka che. tethI "syAdvAda" evo zabda anekAMtavAda(no paryAya) bane che. nitya-anitya aneka dharmothI yukta ja vastu hoya che evo abhyapagama (=daSTikoNa) rAkhavo joIe. AvA syAdvAdane AdhAre prakRta (laukika saMskRta bhASAnA) zabdonI siddhi thAya che, niSpatti thAya che athavA oLakha thAya che ema jANavuM. (pada-siddhi daramyAna) eka ja varNane kacAreka hrasva to kyAreka dIrgha vagere vidhio thAya che. (koI eka kArakane vize ja) aneka kArakono sakripAta thato jovA maLe che, (viparIta dharmavALA vacce) sAmAnAdhikaraNya jovA maLe che, tathA zabdo vacce vizeSya-vizeSaNa bhAva vagere paNa jovA maLe chete badhuM sAdvAdanA svIkAra vinA upapanna thAya evuM nathI. A zabdAnuzAsana te badhA paMthone (FbadhI ja vidyAzAkhAone) ekasarakhuM lAgu paDanAruM hovAthI, jemAM badhAM ja darzanano samUha bhego thayo che tevA syAdvAdanuM AzrayaNa karavuM te (ja) ramaNIya che. ... athavA A (1-1-2) sUtramAMnA vAvat zabdane chUTo vaparAyelo gaNIe to, (arthAta vAta siddhiH citta ! evo anvaya goThavIe to) 'vAda dvArA siddhi, eTale ke samyakajJAnanI prApti thaze, ane te dvArA niHzreyasanI prApti thaze. AthI zabdAnuzAsanano AraMbha karavAmAM Ave che. hemacaMdra jainadharmAvalaMbI hatA, mATe vyAkaraNazAstrane AraMbhe A siddhiH cAt 1-1-2 sUtra mukyuM che te to hakIkata che ja : paraMtu satata parivartanazIla rahetI ane aneka prakAranI aniyamitatAothI bharelI bhASAnuM svarUpa samajAvavA, jo koI utkRSTa tArkika samAdhAna ApI zakAya tema hoya to te sAdvAda ja che e paNa nirvivAda che ! Adhunika bhASAvaijJAniko bhASAmAtranA anekavidha vaicitryane samajAvavA je Jain Education international
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________________ 128 vasantakumAra ma. bhaTTa, Nirgrantha yAdecchikatA(arbitrariness)nI vAta kare che te ja vAta hemacaMdra yAdvAdane AgaLa dharIne karI che ema kahevAmAM kazo apalopa thato nathI. (3) bhASAnA vaiciyano khulAso ApavA "sTAdvAda' ne AgaLa dharIe tyAM sudhI to te AvakArya che. paraMtu sAdvAdathI zabdasiddhi thAya che" (1-1-2) evo sarvatobhadra adhikAra vyAkaraNataMtranA AraMbhe ja mUkavAmAM Ave to kadAca tArkika doSa Ubho thavAnI paNa saMbhAvanA rahelI che. jemake, yAdri zabdamAMnuM 'cAt' rUpa muvi dhAtunuM vidhyartha trI. pu. e. va. che. tathA "saptamI'nA arthAt vidhyarthanA kriyApadamAMthI je je arthe maLI rahe che tenuM nirUpaNa A sUtramAM karavAmAM AvyuM che : vidha-nimanta-matrA-dhISTa-saMprazna-prArtha si. che. za. pa-4-28. ahIM gaNAvelA artho mujaba to cAl rUpamAMthI "Ama thavuM joIe { hovuM joIe ja" evo vidhiparaka artha paNa nIkaLI zake. taduparAMta, "Ama karavuM hoya to karI paNa zakAya" evo kAmacAra' rUpa artha paNa kADhI zakAya. jo aA rUpamAMthI vidhiparaka artha svIkArIe to to hemacaMdranuM vyAkaraNa prescriptive grammar (AdezAtmaka ane vidhiniSedhAtmaka vyAkaraNa) banI rahe, paNa jo thA rUpamAMthI koI kAmacAra' artha levA prerAya to ghaNI badhI aniSTa paristhiti UbhI thAya ema che. dA. ta. -samAnAnAM tena tIrtha: ! (si. che. za. 6-2-) sutra kahe che ke "samAna" evI saMjJAvALA (34, nA, DuM, rUM, 3, 4, tra R, , 7) varNo temanI pAchaLa rahelA "samAna' saMjJAvALA vargonI sAthe saMdhi pAmatAM dIrtha thAya che. jemake - 6 + pram - jIDabram | sa + mAtA - sItA | dha + Tram - sudhI! vagere. paNa jo koI chAtra ahIM cAkavinuM AzramaNa karIne evo sUtrArtha vicAre ke samAnAkSarano tenI pAchaLa AvelA. samAnAkSaranI sAthe saMdhi thatAM dIrgha nathI paNa thato, to DuM + man mAM te chAtra kadAca prApta saMdhi karaze nahIM ! athavA hUrtavidhi ja karaze :- Gzram to Avo saMdhi viSayaka svecchAcAra bhASAmAM mAnya karI zakAya ema nathI. tethI haima vyAkaraNa paraMparAmAM je nyAyasaMgraha taiyAra thayo che temAM AvuM eka paribhASAvacana svIkAravAmAM AvyuM che :- sarva vAva sAvadhAna ! (cA, saM. 2-18) "si. he, za.- nAM badhAM ja vAkayomAM (arthAta vidhisUtromAM) avadhAraNArthaka vi kAranuM grahaNa na karyuM hoya to paNa, te vAkya avadhAraNArthaka ja che ema jANavuM."-AvA paribhASAvacana(jene "nyAya' paNa kahe che, tenA)thI samAnAnAM tena tIrtha: (cA parva) | evuM parva kAra sahitanuM nizcayAtmaka vidhAna ja mULa sUtrakAre lakhyuM che ema nakkI thAya che jethI sUi + FI mAM "dIrgha ja karavo joIe" ema samajavAnuM che ane kevaLa paDApram 1 nI ja siddhi karavAnI che. Ama vidhisUtro vagerenI aMdara syAdvAdanuM AzramaNa karavAthI je aniSTa UbhuM thaI zake tema hatuM, tene TALavA mATe "nyAyasaMgrahamAM sarva vAgye sAvadhAnIm ! evo nyAya saMgRhIta karavAmAM Avyo che. haimavyAkaraNa paraMparAmAM A nyAya vize je vicAraNAo thaI che te joIzuM : hemahaMsagaNi kahe che ke zAstrAraMbhe sthApelA sthAnI pravRtti sArvatrika nathI ema sUcavavA e nyAya rajU karyo che. bIjuM, zravRtti dUrvA vA ! (si. deza. -2-2) jevAM sUtromAM vA padanuM grahaNa karIne, je vaikalpika vidhAna karyuM che tenA uparathI A (ca. saM. 2-18) nyAyanuM astitva jJApita thAya che. jo Avo nyAya ja na hota to, 12-2no artha dUrva: cArja pArzva ! evo thaze. Ama 'vA' evA padane umeravAnI jarUra ja na hatI. chatAMya vA padane umeryuM che tethI evuM jJApita thAya che ke sarva varlsa sAvadhArAn ! (ca. saM. 2-18) evo jAya che; ane tenAthI hRsvAdi vidhionuM vidhAna nitya thavA AvatuM hatuM, tene rokavA mATe vI padanI jarUra che.
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________________ Vol. IIT - 1997-2002 haima vyAkaraNa paraMparAmAM.... 129 vaLI, hemahaMsagaNie dirghaddha suvardra mavati | (cA, saM. 2-36) evA nyAyathI A (cI. . ra18) nyAyanuM asAmarthya darzAvAyuM che ema kahyuM che. kemake jo badhAM ja vAkyo sAvadhAraNa ja levAnAM hota to, eka vakhata ja kahevAmAM AvelI koI paNa vidhi subaddha ja puravAra thAta. te sthitimAM koI paNa vidhinuM be vakhata vidhAna karavAnI jarUra hatI ja nahIM. paNa hemacaMdre ghaNI vidhio babbe vAra kahI che, te dirghaddha suddha jati | karavAnA AzayathI. Ama sarva vAvace sAvadhAraNam I nyAyanI anityatA sUcavAya che ema jANavuM. ahIM, vijaya lAvaNyasUrie A sarva vacce vidhArImnI anityatA siddha karavA, bIjI rIte rajUAta karI che. teo kahe che ke je vidhisUtromAM purva kAranuM grahaNa karyuM che, tyAM diva8 suva parvata ! nyAyathI doSAbhAva rahe che ema jANavuM. jo ema nahIM mAno to sarva vIzya sAvadhAnam | nyAyanI hAjarImAM parva kAranuM grahaNa vyartha jaze. Ama dirghaddha suvaa pati ] nyAyathI sarva UThyuM saMvidhAraNanuM | no bAdha thAya che ema nakkI thaze. zrI vijaya lAvaNyasUrie nyAyArthasimpaTIkAmAM eka mahattvanI vAta e karI che ke-lakSyasiddhi karavA mATe ja) zAstrAraMbhe syAdvAdano svIkAra karavAmAM Avyo che. paraMtu A syAdvAda sArvatrika nathI. jo yAdvAdane sArvatrika mAnIzuM to prayogavidhi(= prakriyAvasthA)mAM je te sUtrathI vaikalpika vidhAna che, ke avaikalpika vidhAna ? teno nirNaya ja nahIM thaI zake. tethI prayogavidhimAM sarva valve sAvadhAnam e nyAya mAnavAno che ane amuka (aniyamita jaNAtAM) lakSyo(kavionAM amukaprayogo)nI siddhi karavA mATe ja yAdvAda che ema jANavuM. bIjo tabakka, zrI vijaya lAvaNyasUrie nyAyArthasidhutaraMgamAM eka sUma vicAraNA paNa mUkI che : jemake, cAdvAda e to anekAMtano vAcaka che, to pachI temAM (AvA sarva vAgye sAvadhArAn | nyAyathI rajU thato) avadhAraNA rUpI artha kevI rIte susaMgata thaze ? to AnuM samAdhAna e che ke bhyAdvAdamAM apekSAbhedathI avadhAraNA rUpI artha paNa aMtarbhAva pAmelo ja che ! ane tethI ja to sAdvAdano Azraya laIne racAyela saptabhaMgI'mAM 'thAt 3 ceva' | evA bhaMgamAM avadhAraNArthanuM paNa AzramaNa karyuM che. Ama vijaya lAvaNyasUrie batAvyuM che ke syAdvAda ane sarva vAkya sAvadhArAnuM ! evA nyAyanI vacce koI tArkika doSa nathI, vadatovyAghAta nathI. eTale ke syAdvAda kahevAthI zAstranI prayogavidhiomAM ativyApti thatI hatI, mATe tene rokavA sarva vAva sAvadhALam ! nyAya mUkyo che - ema nA samajavuM. balka, zAstramAM syAdvAdanuM arthaghaTana sarva vAgye sAvadhArAn evuM (ja) levAnuM che ema jANavuM. A sUkSmakSikA mATe muni vijaya lAvaNyasUri abhinaMdanane pAtra che. (4) haimavyAkaraNa paraMparAmAM A (cA. saM. 2-18) nyAya vize je vicAraNA thatI rahI che tenI samIkSA paNa karavI joIe ja zabdamAMno svAd zabda, ke je mULabhUta rIte samI'nuM, athata vidhilinuM kriyApada (trI. pu. e. va) che, teno artha vidhiparaka (= vidhyartha rU5) hovA uparAMta kAmacAra (=svecchAcAra) rUpa artha paNa thaI zake che - te vAta sAcI che. tathApi sarva vAvayaM sAvadhArAn ! evA nyAyanI kazI jarUra ja nathI. jemake, A. hemacaMdrasUrie pote je brahadravRtti lakhI che temAM dareka sutranI vRttimAM pavata-bhavataH-vatti | jevAM vartamAnakAlika kriyApado vAparyA che. tathA bIjI tarapha, ladhuvRtti(svopa4)mAM temaNe dareka sUtrono artha ApatI vakhate, vRttimAM vyA-tA-sukA evAM saptamI'nAM rUpo vAparyA che. AvA vRttibhedanuM rahasyAtmaka prayojana jo hAtha lAge to sarva vaivicaM sAvadhA2An ! evA nyAyanI jarUra rahe ja nahIM.
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________________ 130 vasantakumAra ma. bhaTTa Nirgrantha Adhunika bhASAvijJAnanI pAribhASika zabdAvalI vAparIne kahIe to hemacaMdranuM A vyAkaraNa descriptive grammar (varNanAtmaka vyAkaraNa) gaNavuM ke prescriptive (AdezAtmaka vyAkaraNa) gaNavuM ? - to hemacaMdra jayAre bRhadravRttinI vRttimAM VbU dhAtunA vartamAnakAlika kriyApado (pati-dhavata:manta) vAparyA che te khUba sUcaka che. A bRhadravRtti jyAre emanA hAthe lakhAI rahI che tyAre, te tabakke, temane mATe A vyAkaraNa saMskRta bhASAnuM descriptive grammar (varNanAtmaka vyAkaraNa) banI rahe evuM abhipreta che. amuka varNanI pAchaLa amuka varNa Ave to bhASAmAM amuka prakArano dhvanivikAra Ave che, ane AvI saMdhi thAya che (pati) ema jovA maLe che - ema teo kahevA mAMge (varNavavA mAMge che. vyAkaraNanA prauDha abhyAsIone mATe bRhadravrutti lakhyA pachI, jayAre teo laghuvRttinI paNa racanA karI rahyA che tyAre temane mana emanuM vyAkaraNa prAraMbhika kakSAnA chAtro mATe prescriptive (AdezAtmaka) prakAranuM banI rahe te abhISTa che. AthI temaNe te laghuvRttimAM sUtrArtha lakhatI vakhate thAtA -hyuH | jevA "saptamI'nAM kriyApado vidhyarthamAM - AdezAtmaka rUpe - vAparyA che ema samajavAnuM che, tyAM (laghuvRttimAM) te "kAmacAra' arthamAM prayojAyAM nathI. navI bhASAno abhyAsa karanArane mATe vyAkaraNanAM sUtro prAraMbhe AdezAtmaka ja hoya te anivArya che. AthI tyAM cahno artha kadApi "kAmacAra' laI zakAya ja nahIM, ane e saMjogomAM sarva vAkya vadhAran ! jevA nyAyane prastuta karavAnuM rahetuM ja nathI. alabatta, haima paraMparAmAM hemahaMsagaNinuM A bRhavRtti ane laghuvRttinA sUtrArtha-nirUpaNamAM je zAbdika bheda vaparAyo che te tarapha dhyAna acUka gayuM che; paNa AvA bhedayukta prayogamAM kazuM anaucitya nathI ema kahIne (evo bacAva karIne) umeryuM che ke vyAkaraNanAM badhAM ja sUtro vidhyarthaka ja hoya che, ane vidhyarthamAM "saptamIvALA (vidhilivALA) kriyApadano prayoga ja ucita gaNAya che. paNa aucitya-anaucityano ahIM prazna hato ja nahIM. mULa vyAkaraNakAra A. hemacaMdrasUrine ja e abhISTa hatuM ke temanI bRhaduvRtti bhaNanAro prauDha abhyAsI e vAta samaje ke bhASA pahelI che ane vyAkaraNa tenI pachI che. bIjA zabdomAM kahIe to koI vyAkaraNakAra navI bhASAnuM ghaDatara karato nathI, te to tenA samayamAM vaparAtI bhASAnuM kevaLa varNana ja kare che, ane AthI tenAM sUtronI vRttimAM pati-pavata-bhakti | jevo prayoga ja hovo ghaTe. jyAre prAraMbhika avasthAmAM rahelA navA ziSyone to pahelAM bhASA zIkhavavAnI hovAthI temane svecchAcAra karavA ja na devAya. temane to AdezAtmaka niyamothI ja bhASA zIkhavavAnI rahe che, ane te tabakke sutrArthanuM nirUpaNa ...evAM vidhyarthanAM kriyApadothI thAya (eTale ke navA chAtrone mATe vyAkaraNa prescriptive prakAranuM banI rahe te tenA hitamAM che. upasaMhAra : zrI vijaya lAvaNyasUri kahe che te mujaba no 'samakve' evo avadhAraNArtha paNa abhISTa che - e prakaTa karavA sarva vAvaye sAvadhArI | nyAyanI jarUra che. athavA bIjI rIte vicArIe to - sAramAM thAt alpeva evo bhaMga paNa karavAmAM Avyo che' - e mudo jenI jANamAM nathI, tevA chAtrane mana cArathI vyAkaraNanI sarva vidhiomAM vikalpanI prApti rokavA mATe sarva vAvayaM sAvadhArAn ! nI jarUra che. athavA, trIjI rIte kahIe to - hA mAnyA pachI teno artha vidhyartha ja laIe, ane prAraMbhika chAtrone mATe vyAkaraNane AdezAtmaka svarUpanuM (Prescriptive grammar) gaNIe to sarva vArtha sAvadhArIm | nyAyanI jarUra na rahe.
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________________ Vol. III - 1997-2002 bhavyA 214 paraMparAma.... 131 ttippksso:1. A vyAkaraNanI samIkSA mATe juo mAro pANinIya vyAkaraNa vimarza (sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra, amadAvAda 1884)mA "vaiyA 429 bhadrAyA" ma. Y0 277thI u08. 2. (ka) zrohemahaMsagaNisaMgRhIta: 'nyAyasaMgrahaH' / vArANasI vIrasaMvat-2437 (IsvI 1910). (kha) nyAyasamuccayaH, tatra vijayalAvaNyasUriNA viracito nyAyArthasindhuH taraGgazca / (vijayanemisUrigranthamAlAratnam-49), prakA. vijayalAvaNyasUrijJAnamandiram, boTAda, saurASTra, vIra saM. 2483, vikrama saM. 2013 (IsvI 1957). 3. muni nadhiopavi45, nyAyasaMgraha: (hi anuvAda bhane viveyana), bhayaMdrAyArtha navama 4-5 Atureii. smRti. saMskAra zikSaNa nidhi, amadAvAda 1997. 4. siddhiH syAdvAdAt / 1-1-2 (atra bRhadvRttiH) syAd ityavyayamanekAntadyotakam, tataH syAdvAdo'nekAntavAdaH, nityAnityAdyanekadharmazabalaikavastvabhyupagama iti yAvat / tataH siddhiniSpatti tirvA prakRtAnAM zabdAnAM veditavyA / ekasyaiva hi husvadIrghAdividhayo'nekakArakasaMnipAtaH, sAmAnAdhikaraNyam, vizeSyavizeSaNabhAvAdayazca syAdvAdam antareNa nopapadyante / sarvapArSadatvAcca zabdAnuzAsanasya sakaladarzanasamUhAtmaka-syAdvAdasamAzrayaNamatiramaNIyam / / - zrI siddhahemacandra zabdAnuzAsanama (svopajJabRhadvRtti tathA nyAyasArasamuddhArasaMvalitam (Vol. I, II, III) saM. munizrI vajrasenavijayajI ma., prakA. bherulAla kanaiyAlAla rilIjIyasa TrasTa, muMbaI vi. saM. 2042, pR. 4. 5. .....athavA 'vAdAt' viviktazabdaprayogAt siddhiH samyagjJAnaM taddvAreNa ca niHzreyasaM 'syAd' bhaved iti zabdAnuzAsanamidamArabhyate iti..! - siddhahemazabdAnuzAsanam, (Vol. ), saM. vajrasenavijayajI, pR. 4. 6. jJApakaM tu RtRti husvo vA (1-2-2) ityAdau vikalpoktistathAhi / ....tathA ca vikalpokti vinApi svayaM dvairUpyasiddheH kimarthaM vikalpaM kuryAt / paraM husvaH syAdityapyukte etanyAyAd husvo nityameva bhaviSyatItyAzakya vikalpArthaM veti vacanaM suphalam // (nyA. saM., pR. 103). 7. yatra caivakArAdiravadhAraNArthaH paThyate tatra 'dvirbaddhaM subaddhaM bhavati' iti nyAyena doSAbhAvaH / anyathA tadvaiyarthyamApadyate, vinApyevakArAdinA prakRtanyAyenAvadhAraNArthalAbhAt / tathA ca sa nyAyaH prakRtanyAyabAdhaka iti bodhyam // - draSTavyaH - vijayalAvaNyasUrikRto nyAyasamuccayaH pR. 204. 8. nanu syAdvAdastvanekAntavAdaH, tatra kathaGkAramavadhAraNArthaH saGgatimaGgatIti cet / ucyate-tatrApekSAbhedenAvadhAraNArthasyApyantarbhAvAt, ata eva syAdvAdaM zrayantAM saptabhaGgyAM 'syAd astyeva' ityAdiSu bhaGgeSu AvadhAraNArthasyApyAzrayaNAt // - nyAyasamuccaye nyAyArthasindhutaraGgaH, pR. 204. 9. pANinIya vyAkaraNa paraMparAmAM "kAzikA' (I. sa. 600) jevI vRttimAM sarvatra pati no prayoga che, tyAM pANinIya vyAkaraNa varNanAtmaka vyAkaraNa che evo khyAla svIkArAyo che. paNa kAlakrame pAchaLathI bhaTToni dIkSite (I. sa. 14%) je vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntakaumudI racI che, temAM sarvatra sad vagereno prayoga karyo che, tyAM A vyAkaraNa AdezAtmaka banI rahe tevuM abhISTa che. 10. yadyapi haimalakSaNabRhadvRttau sarvasUtravyAkhyAsu bhavatIti vartamAnAntameva kiyApadamasti, tathApi tallaghuvRttau sarvatra syAditi saptamyantakriyaiva prayuktA'sti, tadapekSayA'tra hUsvaH syAdityapyukte ityAdyuktam / na ca kAkalakAyasthakRtalakSaNalaghuvRttistha: saptamyantakriyAprayogo'nucita iti vAcyam, yataH sarvANyapi vyAkaraNasUtrANi tAvadvidhyarthAni, vidhyarthe ca pratyuta saptamyA evaucitii....|| nyAyasaMgrahe hemahaMsagaNikRtAyA nyAyArthamaJjUSAyAH upari svopajJo nyAsaH, pR. 187. A lekha mULa saMskRta vibhAga, uttara gujayuni. pATaNa dvArA Ayojita "AcArya zrI hemacaMdrasUri samAroha" (dio 18-20 se. 1887)mA 2 43lo..