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________________ jJApakatattva-vimarza tattva aura usake bheda jaina darzanameM sada, vastu, artha aura tattva ye cAroM zabda eka hI arthake bodhaka mAne gaye haiN| sad yA vastu athavA arthake kahanese jisakI pratIti hotI hai usIkA bodha tattvake dvArA hotA hai / isake do bheda haiM1 upeya aura 2 upAya / prApyako upeya aura prApakako upAya tattva kahA jAtA hai| upeya tattvake bhI do bheda hai-1 kArya aura 2 jJeya / utpanna honevAlI vastu kArya kahI jAtI hai aura jJApakakI viSayabhUta vastu jJeyake nAmase abhihita hotI hai| isI prakAra upAyatattva bhI do prakArakA hai-1 kAraka aura 2 jJApaka / jo kAryako utpanna karatA hai vaha kAraka upAyatattva kahA jAtA hai aura jo jJeyako jAnatA hai vaha jJApaka upAyatattva hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vastuprakAzaka jJAnajJApaka upAyatattva hai tathA kAryotpAdaka udyoga-daiva Adi kAraka upAyatattva hai| prakRtameM hameM jJAyakatattvapara prakAza DAlanA abhISTa hai / ataeva hama kArakatattvakI carcA isa nibandhameM nahIM kareMge / isameM kevala jJApaka upAyatattvakA vivecana karanA abhISTa hai| jJApaka upAyatattva : pramANa aura naya pramANa aura naya ye donoM vastuprakAzaka hai| ataH jJApaka upAyatattva do prakArakA hai-1 pramANa aura 2 naya / AcArya gRddha picchane, jinheM umAsvAmI aura umAsvAti bhI kahA jAtA hai, apane tattvArtha sUtrameM spaSTa kahA hai ki 'pramANanayaradhigamaH' [ta0 sU0 1-6]-pramANoM aura nayoMke dvArA padArthoMkA jJAna hotA hai| ataH jainadarzanameM padArthoM ko jAnaneke do hI upAya pratipAdita evaM vivecita haiM aura ve haiM pramANa tathA naya / sampUrNa vastuko jAnane vAlA pramANa hai aura vastuke dharmo-aMzoMkA jJAna karAne vAlA naya hai / dravya aura paryAya athavA dharmI aura dharma / aMzI aura aMza donoMkA samuccaya vastu hai / pramANa aura nayakA bheda pramANa jahA~ vastuko akhaNDa rUpameM grahaNa karatA hai vahA~ naya use khaNDa-khaNDa rUpameM viSaya karatA hai| yahA~ eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki jJApaka to jJAnarUpa hI hotA hai aura pramANa jJAnako kahA gayA hai / 'svArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam', 'samyagjJAnaM pramANam' Adi siddhAntavacanoM dvArA jJAnako pramANa hI batalAyA gayA hai, taba nayako jJApaka-prakAzaka kaise kahA ? isa praznakA uttara yaha hai ki pramANa aura naya ye do bheda viSayabhedakI apekSA kiye gaye haiN| vAstavameM naya pramANarUpa hai, pramANase vaha bhinna nahIM hai / jisa samaya jJAna padArthoMko akhaNDa-sakalAMzarUpameM grahaNa karatA hai taba baha pramANa kahA jAtA hai aura jaba unake sApekSa ekAMzako grahaNa karatA hai taba vaha jJAnanaya kahalAtA hai / chadmastha jJAtA jaba apane Apako vastukA jJAna karAnemeM pravRtta hotA hai to usakA jJAna svArthapramANa kahA jAtA hai aura aise jJAna mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala pA~coM jJAna hai| kintu jaba vaha dUsaroMko samajhAne ke lie vacana-prayoga karatA hai taba usake vacanoMse jijJAsuko honevAlA vastuke dharmoM-aMzoMkA jJAna parArthazruta jJAna kahalAtA hai aura usake ve -230
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________________ vacana bhI upacArase parArthazruta jJAna mAne jAte haiN| tathA vahI pratipattA usa vastuke dharmokA svayaM jJAna karatA hai to usakA vaha jJAna svArthazrutajJAna hai / AcArya pUjyapAdane sarvArthasiddhi [16] meM ukta praznakA acchA samAdhAna kiyA hai / unhoMne likhA hai ki 'tatra pramANaM dvividhaM svAyaM parArthaM ca / tatra svAthaM pramANaM zrutavarjjam / zrutaM punaH svArthaM bhavati parArthaM ca / jJAnAtmakaM svArthaM vacanAtmakaM parArtham / tadvikalpA nayA: / ' arthAt pramANa do prakArakA hai -1 svArtha aura 2 parArtha / inameM zrutako chor3akara zeSa sabhI (mati, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala ) svArthapramANa haiM / kintu zruta svArthapramANa bhI hai aura parArtha pramANa bhI hai / jJAnAtmaka zruta svArtha pramANa hai aura vacanAtmaka zruta parArthapramANa hai / isIke bheda naya haiN| pUjyapAdake isa vivecanase spaSTa hai ki naya bhI jJAnarUpa haiM aura zrutajJAnake bheda haiM / vidyAnanda ne bhI tattvArthazlokavArtika [16] meM ukta praznakA sayuktika samAdhAna kiyA hai / ve kahate haiM ki naya na pramANa hai aura na apramANa, apitu vaha pramANakA aMza hai / jisa prakAra samudrase lAyA gayA ghar3e bhara pAnI na samudra hai aura na asamudra, apitu samudrakA aMza hai / yathA nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate yataH / nAsamudraH samudro vA samudrAMzo yathocyate // tanmAtrasya samudratve zeSAMzasyAsamudratA / samudra bahutvaM vA syAttaccetkvAstu samudravit // ataH naya pramANarUpa evaM jJAnarUpa honepara bhI chadmastha jJAtA aura vaktAoMkI dRSTise unakA pRthak nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / saMsArake sabhI vyavahAra nayoMko lekara hI hote haiN| pramANa azeSArtha grAhakarUpase vastukA prakAzaka - jJApaka hai aura naya vastuke eka-eka aMzoMke prakAzaka - jJApaka haiM aura isa prakAra naya bhI pramANako taraha jJApakatattva hai / AcArya samantabhadrane bhI AptamImAMsAmeM pramANa aura naya donoMko vastuprakAzaka kahA hai tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM yugapat sarvabhAsanam / syAdvAdanayasaMskRtam // 'sampUrNa padArthoM ko yugapat prakAzita karanevAlA tattvajJAna pramANarUpa hai aura kramase honevAlA chadmasthoMkA jJAna syAdvAdanayasvarUpa hai / ' - ta0 zlo0 vA0 pR0 118 / nayoMkA vaiziSTya Upara ke vivecanase spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana meM nayoMkA vahI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai jo pramANakA hai / pramANa aura naya donoM jaina darzanakI AtmA haiM / yadi nayako na mAnA jAya to vastukA jJAna apUrNa rahane se jaina darzanakI AtmA ( vastu - vijJAna ) apUrNa rahegI / vAstavameM naya hI vividha vAdoM evaM praznoMke samAdhAna prastuta karate haiM / ve gutthiyoMke sulajhAne tathA sahI vastusvarUpa batalAne meM samartha haiN| pramANa gU~gA hai, bola nahIM sakatA aura na vividha vAdoMko sulajhA sakatA hai / ata: jaina dArzanikoMne matAntaroMkA samanvaya karane ke lie nayavAdakA vistArake sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai / vacanaprayoga aura lokavyavahAra donoM nayAzrita haiM / vinA nayakA avalambana lie ve donoM hI sambhava nahIM haiM / ataH sabhI darzanoMko isa nayavAdako svIkAra 231 P
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________________ karanA Avazyaka hai / usake binA ve na apane khaNDanakA parihAra yA prativAda kara sakate haiM aura na apane darzanako utkRSTa siddha kara sakate haiM / nyAyadarzana meM yadyapi apane Upara AnevAle AkramaNoMkA parihAra karane ke lie chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAnoMkA kathana kiyA hai / kintu aise prayatna sad--- samyak nahIM kahe jA sakate / koI bhI prekSAvAn asad prayatnoM dvArA apane pakSakA samarthana tathA parapakSakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara sakatA / darzanakA uddezya jagat ke logoMkA hita karanA aura unheM ucita mArgapara lAnA hai / vitaNDAvAdase ukta donoM bAteM asambhava haiM / jaina darzanakA nayavAda vividha matoMke ekAntarUpa andhakArako dUra karaneke lie nahIM bujhane vAle vizAla gaisoM kA kAma detA hai / madhyastha evaM upapatticakSuH hokara usapara vicAra kareM to usakI anivAryatA nizcaya hI svIkArya hogI / vastu anekadharmAtmaka hai aura usakA pUrA jJAna hama indriyoM yA nirapekSa vacanoM dvArA nahIM kara sakate haiN| hA~, nayoMse eka-eka dharmakA bodha karate hue usake vivakSita aneka dharmoMkA jJAna kara sakate haiM / dravyArthika nayase vivakSA karanepara vastu nitya hai aura paryAyArthika nayase kathana karanepara vaha anitya bhI hai| isI prakAra usameM eka, aneka, abheda, bheda Adi virodhI dharmokI vyavasthA nayavAdase hI hotI hai / vivakSita evaM abhilaSita arthakI prApti ke lie vaktAkI jo vacanapravRtti yA abhilASA hotI hai vahI naya hai / yaha arthakriyArthiyoMkI arthakriyAkA sampAdaka hai / jaina darzana meM nayavAdakA parivAra vizAla hai / yA yoM kahanA cAhie ki jitane vacanamArga haiM utane hI na haiM | AcArya siddhasenane sanmatisUtrameM kahA hai 'jAvaiyA vayaNavahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti NayavAyA / ' jitanA vacana vyavahAra hai aura vaha jisa-jisa tarahase ho sakatA hai vaha saba nayavAda hai / vacanameM eka sAtha eka samaya meM eka hI dharmako pratipAdana karanekI sAmarthya hai, aneka dharmoM yA arthoke pratipAdanakI sAmarthya usameM nahIM | ' sakRduccaritaH zabdaH ekamevArthaM gamayati' - eka bAra bolA gayA zabda eka hI arthakA bodha karA sakatA hai / isIse aneka dharmokI piNDarUpa vastu pramANakA hI viSaya hotI hai, nayakA nahIM / nayake bheda nayake mUla do bheda haiM--1 dravyArthika aura 2 paryAyArthika / jo naya mAtra dravyako grahaNa karatA hai aura paryAyakI sattAko gauNa kara detA hai vaha dravyArthika naya hai tathA jo dravyako gauNa karake kevala paryAyako viSaya karatA hai vaha paryAyArthika naya hai / dravyArthikake tIna bheda haiM-1 naigama, 2 saMgraha aura 3 vyavahAra / paryAyAthiMka nayake cAra bheda haiM- 1 RjusUtra, 2 zabda, 3 samabhirUDha aura 4 evaMbhUta / dravyAthika ke tIna aura paryAyArthika ke cAra ina sAta nayoMkA nirUpaNa tattvArthasUtrakArane nimna sUtra dvArA kiyA hai 'negamasaMgrahavyavahArarjusUtrazabdasamabhirUDhaivaMbhUtA nayAH / ' -ta0 sU0 1-33 / inakA vizeSa vivecana tattvArtha sUtrakI TIkAoM - sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika, tattvArthazlokavArtika AdimeM tathA nayacakra prabhRti granthoMmeM kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa jijJAsuoMko vahA~se unake svarUpAdi jJAtavya haiM / yahA~ smaraNIya hai ki AdhyAtmika dRSTise nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoMkA bhI jaina darzanameM pratipAdana upalabdha hai / nizcaya aura vyavahArake bhedoMkA bhI vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki naya bhI pramANakI taraha vastuke bodhaka haiM aura isalie jJApaka tattvake antargata unakA kathana kiyA gayA hai / 232
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________________ pramANakA svarUpa aura usake bheda sva tathA apUrva arthake yathArtha nizcaya karAne vAle jJAnako pramANa kahate haiM / kisI padArthako jAnanekA prayojana yaha hotA hai ki tadviSayaka ajJAnako nivRtti ho aura usakI jAnakArI ho| jAnakArI honeke uparAnta pramAtA upAdeyakA upAdAna, heyakA tyAga aura upekSaNoyako upekSA karatA hai / isa prakAra pramANakA sAkSAtphala ajJAnanivRtti aura paramparAphala hAnopAdAnopekSAbuddhi hai| yaha donoM prakArakA phala svArthavyavasAyAtmaka jJAna dvArA hI saMbhava hai / ataH jainadarzanameM svArthavyavasAyAtmaka jJAnako pramANa mAnA gayA hai| isake mUla meM do bheda haiM-1 pratyakSa aura 2 parokSa / pratyakSa ke bhI do bheda haiM-1 sAMvyavahArika aura 2 pAramArthika / parokSa pramANake pA~ca bheda haiM-1 smRti, 2 pratyabhijJAna, 3 tarka, 4 anumAna aura 5 Agama / pramANake ye dArzanika bheda haiN| AgamakI apekSA usake pA~ca bheda hai-1 mati, 2 zruta, 3 avadhi, 4 manaHparyAya aura 5 kevala / isa prakAra pramANa aura naya donoM hI vastupratipattike amogha sAdhana haiM-upAya haiN| - 233 -