Gyannu Pramanya Swat ke Parat

Author(s): Nagin J Shah
Publisher: Z_Bharatiya_Tattva_gyan_001201.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/249539/1

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ? 1. jJAnanA prAmANyanI kasoTI paratve mImAMsako ane bAkInA badhA bhAratIya tArkiko vacceno matabheda ApaNuM khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. amuka kAraNosara mImAMsakone badhAM ja jJAno pramANa (yathArtha) che ema mAnavAnuM yogya lAgyuM. prAbhAkaroe to koI paNa khacakATa vinA jAhera karI dIdhuM ane sAthe sAthe puravAra karavA prayatna karyo ke apramANa jJAna asaMbhava che. bhATTo kaMIka darajje A vAtane thoDI haLavI karI puravAra karavA madhyA ke jyAM sudhI apramANa puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI badhAM jJAno pramANa che. : 2. badhAM ja jJAnone smRti ane smRtibhinna ema be vargomAM vaheMcavAnI bAbatamAM prAbhAkaro nyAyaveroSika tArkikone anusare che. paraMtu nyAyaveroSika tArkikothI judA paDI teo smRtibhinna jJAnono pramANa jJAno ane apramANa jJAnomAM peTAvibhAga karavAno inakAra karI de che ane pratipAdana kare che ke A badhAM ja smRtibhinna jJAno pramANa che. Ama prAbhAkaro anusAra pramANanI sIdhI sAdI vyAkhyA che H 'smRtibhinna jJAna pramANa che.'4 ahIM svAbhAvikapaNe ja prazna UThe che ke prAbhAkaro doraDAmAM sApanuM jJAna jevAM bhrAnta jJAnanAM udAharaNone kevI rIte samajAvaze ? Ano prAmANika uttara e che ke teo A udAharaNone siphatathI samajAvI de che paNa temanI samajUtI jacatI nathI. teo kahe che ke kahevAtuM bhrAnta jJAna eka jJAna nathI paNa e jJAno che jemAMnuM eka smRtibhinna che (je avazyapaNe pramANa ja hoya) ane bIjuM smRtirUpa che. A be jJAnonA ane temanA viSayonA bhedanA agrahaNamAMthI bhrAnta jJAna janme che. Ama prAbhAkaronA mate doraDAmAM sApanI kahevAtI bhrAntimAM sauprathama ApaNane (avazyapaNe pramANa evuM) 'A'- viSayaka jJAna tema ja pUrve anubhUta sApa vizenI smRti thAya che ane pachI te be jJAno vacceno ane temanA viSayo vacceno bheTha (viveka) karavAmAM niSphaLa jatAM ApaNe kahevA lAgIe chIe ke 'A sApa che.' A samajUtI gaLe Utare evI nathI. 3. tethI jJAna svataH pramANa che e prAkbhAronA vicAramAM thoDoka pheraphAra karI bhATTo pratipAdana kare che ke badhAM ja jJAno pramANa che e sAcuM, paraMtu jyAM sudhI teo apramANa yA bhrAnta puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI ja. Ama bhATTo ApaNane manAvavA mAMge che ke jyAM sudhI ApaNane puravAra karI dekhADavAmAM na Ave ke ApaNe doraDAne sApa samajI rahyA chIe tyAM sudhI doraDAmAM sApanuM ApaNane thayeluM jJAna pramANa ja rahe che. ane koI paNa jJAnane apramANa ApaNe be rIte ja puravAra karI zakIe - prastuta jJAnane prAsa karavA upayogamAM lIdhelI indriya khAmI bharelI che e darzAvIne ke pachInA

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna jJAna vaDe prastuta jJAna bAdhita thayuM che e darzAvIne. udAharaNArtha, Indriya AMkhane jhAMkhapa che, sthaLa apUratA ujAsavALuM che, vagere darzAvIne ke joyela padArthane ekAeka hAthamAM letAM karaDato nathI e darzAvIne doraDAmAM sApanuM zAna bhrAnta che e puravAra karAya che. paraMtu ApaNe bhAkone dhAradAra prazna pUchavo joIe zuM doraDAmAM sAyanuM ApaNane thatuM jJAna jyAM sudhI bhrAnta puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI sAce ja pramANa che ke ApaNane pramANa lAge che? jo te sAce ja pramANa hoya to pachInI koI ghaTanA tene apramANa yA brAnDa banAvI na zake. ane je te mAtra pramANa lAgatuM hoya to tene 'pramANa kahevAno ke "haMgAmI pramANa" kahevAno koI artha nathI. A saMdarbhamAM haMgAmI pramANa kevaLa vAvyabhicAra che. 4. e saddabhAgya che ke koI bhAratIya tArkika mImAMsakonI - kumArila jevAnI - tazcAturIthI doravAyo nahi. vaLI, prAkarane vaLoTIne kumArila je cAla cAlyA te sAcI dizAmAM hatI. jo prayukta indriya doSavALI che e darzAvavAmAM Ave ke prastuta jJAna pachInA jJAnathI bAdha pAme che e darzAvavAmAM Ave to bhrAnta yA apramANa jJAna tevuM (arthAt brAna, apramANa) puravAra thAya che - A mata bhATTonA upara jaNAvelA matanuM jarAka parivartita rUpa che. bhAddhone bhaya hato ke pachInA pramANa jJAna vaDe bAdhita thavAno bhaya jene na hoya te ja jJAAnane pramANa gaNavAmAM Ave to pramANa jAnanI prApti asaMbhava banI jAya, kAraNa ke temaNe vicAryuM ke evI koI khAtarI na hoI zake ke pachI thanAruM jJAna vartamAnamAM thayela ApaNA koI paNa jJAnane bAdhita karaze nahi. tethI temane batAvI ApavuM joIe ke keTalAMka jJAno evA che jemane bodhita thavAno bhaya nathI ja. TUMkamAM, temane ThasAvavuM joIe ke jAgatA sAmAnya mANasanI viSayane anulakSI thatI pravRtti ja te viSayanA jJAnanA pramANyanI aMtima kasoTI che. A ja vastu nyAyavaizeSika tArkikoe mImAMsane tattvataH kahI che. nyAyazeSika tArkiko sarva jJAno svataH pramANa che e mImAMsaka matanI viruddha che. AthI jayaMta bhaTTa dalIla kare che : "tame amane taiyAyikone pUcho cho ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanI mULa pahelA jJAnathI (amArA taiyAyikonA mate je jJAnanA prAmAyanI parIkSA saphaLa pravRttinA jJAna dvArA karavAmAM AvI che te jJAnathI) zI vizeSatA che? ane tamArI mImAMsakonI dalIla che ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanA prAmANyanA nizcaya mATe bIjA jJAnanI apekSA mAnatAM to anavasthA thAya ja. amAro naiyAyikono uttara che ke A tamArI mImAMsakonI vAta kevaLa asaMbaddha pralApa che kAraNa ke te sakaLa prANIonA anubhavanI sAkSIe cAlatA vyavahAranI virodhI che. enuM kAraNa e che ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanA prAmANyanI parIkSAnI AvazyaktA jarA paNa nathI.. athavA to ame maiyAyiko e paNa svIkArI laIe chIe ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnamAM vizeSatAnuM darzana thavAthI tenA prAmANyano nizcaya thAya che. mImAMsaka amane pUchaze ke A vaLI kaI vizeSatA che ? amAro nAyikono javAba che ke jaLa vizenI saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnamAM je vizeSatA che te che zarIrazoca, Acamana, nimajjana, deva-pitRtarpaNa, vastraprakSAlana,

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ? 157 zrama-tApaharaNa, jalakIDA, vagere aneka prakAranAM jalakAryonI hAramALA. ATalAM badhAM kAryo jaLanA mithyAjJAnathI pravRtta thayela vyakti pharatI hoya e kadI dekhyuM nathI. tame mImAMsako kdAca kahezo ke svapnamAM paNa kAryonI A hAramALAnuM darzana thAya che. paraMtu enA uttaramAM ame taiyAyiko kahIe chIe ke svapnadazAthI bhinna ane spaSTa jAgrata avasthAno anubhava darekane che. "A huM chuM, jAguM chuM, UMghato nathI' A pramANe svapnathI bhinna jAgrata avasthAne jAgrata mAnasa dharAvatA badhA jano pratyakSa anubhave che; ane te vakhate ( = jAgrata avasthAmAM) pANI vinA A kriyAo thatI dekhAtI nathI, eTale te viroSatAnA darzanane kAraNe saphaLa pravRttinuM prAmANya sahelAIthI jaNAI jAya che,'- bauddha ciMtaka prajJAkaragusa paNa kahe che : ''amane bohone kadAca pUchavAmAM Avaze ke tamArA mate pahelAM thayeluM jJAna tenA pachI thanArA saphaLa pravRttinA jJAna vaDe pramANa puravAra thAya che, paraMtu saphaLa pravRttinuM A jJAna pote pramANa che e zenA vaDe nizcita thaze ? jo ho ke te jJAna potAnA prAmANyanA nizcaya mATe bIjA saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanI apekSA rAkhe che to anavasthA tharo. AnA uttaramAM ame bauddho kahIe chIe ke Ama kahevuM barAbara nathI. tenuM kAraNa e ke jo uttaravartI saphaLa pravRtti pUrvavartI jJAnanuM prAmANya sthApita karatI hoya to te ja saphaLa pravRtti pelA pUrvavartI jJAna pachI thanArA paNa potAnA ja samakAlIna jJAnanuM (je jJAnano viSaya saphaLa pravRtti pote ja che tenuM) prAmANya zA mATe na sthApe ? jo koI paNa jJAna tyAre ja pramANa puravAra thatuM hoya jyAre tenA uttaravartI jJAnano viSaya saphaLa pravRtti hoya, to A uttaravartI jJAna pote ja tyAM ane tyAre ja saphaLa pravRttinA anubhavarUpa hovAthI sutarAM pramANa hoya ja.''6 5. saphaLa pravRtti jJAnanA prAmANyanI aMtima kasoTI che e pakSa sauthI vadhu svAbhAvika che jene tArkiko svIkAre (ane mImAMsakoe paNa potAnI keTalIka pUrvagRhIta mAnyatAo ADe na AvatI hota to A pakSa ja svIkAryo hota). tethI emAM kaMI Azcarya pAmavA jevuM nathI ke nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko ane bauddha tArkikonA paraspara virodhI evAM A be jUtho A pakSane parizramapUrvaka rahyuM che - jo ke keTalIka vAra evI chApa upasAvavAmAM AvI che ke A prazna paratve A be jUthoe svIkArelI mAnyatAo paraspara bhinna che. agAu nodhyuM tema, bhAratIya tArkikoe pramANanAM sAdhana ane svarUpa vironI vicAraNA e vyakta ke avyakta dhAraNAne AdhAre zarU karI ke badhI saphaLa pravRtti kevaLa pramANamAMthI udbhave che; ane pachI to A dhAraNAmAMthI anivAryapaNe ApoApa phalita thatuM tArkika tathya e che ke jJAnanA prAmANyanI aMtima cokkasa kasoTI che saphaLa pravRtti, pratAne jJAta artha prApta karAvI ApavAmAM je jJAna niSphaLa jatuM nathI te pramANa che evuM pramANanuM lakSaNa jyAre bauddha tArkiko Ape che tyAre A ja tathyane teo pragaTa kare che. joke nyAyaveroSikoe ghaNIvAra bauddhoe ApelA pramANanA lakSaNa sAme vAMdho uThAvyo che, chatAM teo paNa A ja tathyane pragaTa kare che jyAre teo

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158 bhAratIya tattvajJAna mImAMsakanA upara ThasAve che ke jJAnanuM prAmAya svataH nathI paNa pravRttine AdhAre tenI kasoTI karavI paDe che. ane nyAyavaizeSika viruddha mImAMsakanA svataH prAmANya parataH prAmANyanA vivAda saMbaMdhamAM bauddha tArkika dekhItI rIte nirlepa rahe che. 6. Ama nyAyazeSika tArkika ane bauddha tArkika anusAra je zAna saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI jAya te pramANa puravAra thAya ane je jJAna saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI javAmAM niSphaLa jAya te apramANa puravAra thAya. ane A mata mImAMsako sAme takAyelo che jeo pratipAdana kare che ke jyAM sudhI jJAna apramANa puravAra na thAya tyAM sudhI pramANa ja che. saMskRtamAM kahevAnI rItano upayoga karI kahIe to bhAdra mImAMsako mAne che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che paNa enuM aprAmANya parataH che, jyAre nyAyavaizeSika tAko ane bauddha tArkiko prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMnene parataH mAne che. tethI ApaNe na chUTake e nirNaya upara AvavuM paDe che ke jyAre sarvadarzanasaMgrahakAra mAdhavAcArya e matalabano zloka Take che ke mImAMsaka anusAra prAmANya svataH che ane aprAmANya parataH che, bauddha tArkika anusAra aprAmANya svataH che ane prAmANya parataH che, ane nyAyazeSika anusAra prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne para che tyAre teo (jyAM sudhI boddha tArkikane lAge vaLage che tyAM sudhI) apramANabhUta vacanane sAcuM mAnIne cAle che. hakIkatamAM, jenuM eka mAtra kAma pramANanAM svarUpa, kAraNo ane sAdhanonI vicAraNA karavAnuM che te tArkika mATe badhAM ja jJAno svataH apramANa che e mata svIkAravI zakya nathI. A mata kharekhara to marmIoe ane jagatamithyAvAdIoe pravartAvyo che ane bauddha paraMparAmAM paNa marmIo ane jagatamithyAvAdIo avazya hatA ja, paraMtu temane tarkazAstranuM pratinidhitva karanAra boddha tArkiko na gaNI zakAya (jyAre mAdhavAcAryano saMdarbha mAdhavAcAryane bauddha tArkikano nirdeza karavAnuM dabANa kare che). e hakIkata che ke svataH prAmANya parataH prAmANyano vivAda moTe bhAge mImAMsA ane nyAyazeSika vartuLomAM sImita hato jethI bIjA tattvaciMtako temAM pakSakAra banavAnI potAnI pharaja che ema mAnatA na hatA, ane mAdhavAcAryanI zaratacUka mATe ke pote Takala vacanane sAcuM mAnI levAnI bhUla mATe kaMIka aMze A hakIkta javAbadAra che. (hakkIkatamAM, varNavela paristhitine pariNAme mAdhavAcArye TAMkela vacana boddha matanI kevaLa kalpanA kare che. sAMkhya anusAra prAmANya ane aprAmANya baMne svataH che evA vidhAnathI A vAtane samarthana maLe che. sAMkhya upara caDhAvAyelo mata sAva azakya nahi to paNa vicitra che ane koI sAMkhya graMthamAM jovA maLato nathI.) alabatta, A praznane sparza karatA bauddha graMtho sAva ja nathI evuM nathI, ane te graMthomAMthI spaSTa thAya che ke nyAyazeSika tArkikonI jema ja boddha tArkika paNa svIkAre che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya ke aprAmANya te jJAna saphaLa pravRttimAM pariName che ke nahi tenA upara AdhAra rAkhe che.

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ke parataH ? 159 7. paraMtu kumArila ahIM vAMdho uThAve che (jeno achaDato nirdeza ApaNe karI gayA chIe) : zuM saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanuM potAnuM prAmANya svataH che ke nahi ? jo tenuM prAmANya svataH hoya to pachI badhAM jJAnonuM prAmANya svataH che e siddhAntane kema niSedho cho ? jo tenuM prAmANya svataH na hoya to anavasthAThoSa AvI paDaze; tenA prAmANya mATe bIjA para AdhAra rAkhavo paDaro ane ema cAlyA ja karaze. AnA uttaramAM nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko ane bauddha tArkiko e matalabanuM kahe che ke saphaLa pravRttinA jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che. teno sIdho sAdo artha e che ke svAbhAvika avikRta jAgatA mANasanI viSayane anulakSI thatI pravRtti pachI tenA pariNAme thatA indriyAnubhavane AgaLa upara bAdhita thavAno koI ja bhaya nathI ane e kAraNe ja A viSaya vironuM te mANasanuM jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa teno nizcaya A indriyAnubhava kararo. jo svAbhAvika avikRta jAgato mANasa viSayane sparze ane te dAjhe to A viSaya agni che evuM tene thayeluM jJAna samarthana pAme che ane bhaviSyamAM bAdhita thavAnI tenI saMbhAvanA TaLI jAya che. jo te mANasa viSayane moDhe mATe ane jANe ke te tenI tarasa maTADe che to A viSaya pANI che evuM tene thayeluM jJAna tevI ja rIte samarthana pAme che ane bhaviSyamAM tenI bAdhita thavAnI saMbhAvanA TaLI jAya che. A siddhAnta jagatamithyAvAdIonA matane arthAt samagra vyAvahArika jagata bhrAnta ane svapnavat anubhava che e matane asarakAraka rIte toDI pADe che. e dayanIya sthiti che ane kamanasIbI che ke jagatamithyAvAdanA kaTTara virodhI bhATTa mImAMsako jJAnanA prAmANyanI aMtima kasoTI saphaLa pravRtti che e siddhAntamAMthI baLa meLavatA nathI. Ama eka bAju teo jagatamithyAvAdIo sAme dalIla kare che ke jAgratAvasthAmAM thato anubhava e svapnAvasthAmAM thatA anubhava jevo nathI kAraNa ke svapnAvasthAmAM thato anubhava jAgratAvasthAmAM thatA anubhavathI bAdhita thAya che paNa jAgratAvasthAmAM thato anubhava zAthI bAdhita yato nathI - jagatamithyAvAdanA virodhInI A mAnItI dalIla che, jyAre bIjI khAju teo tArkikonI sAme dalIla kare che ke saphaLa pravRtti e jJAnanA prAmANyanI geranTI nathI kAraNa ke saphaLa pravRtti to svapnAvasthA ane jAgratAvasthA baMnemAM thatI jovA maLe che - mithyAjagatavAdIonI A mAnItI dalIla che. vAha bhATTa mImAMsaka ! 8. jJAnanA svataH prAmANya ke parataH prAmANyanA vivAda paratve jainonA matamAM kaMI noMdhapAtra ke gaMbhIra nathI. mAtra eTaluM noMdhI zakAya ke jaina tArkiko evI rIte vAta kare che ke jANe vivAdanA baMne pakSomAM temane evuM kaMIka jaDavyuM che jeno bacAva karI zakAya. Ama teo bhArapUrvaka jaNAve che ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che jo te jJAna vAraMvAra banatI ghaTanA hoya, jyAre jJAnanA prAmANyane kasoTInI jarUra che jo te jJAna prathama vAra ja thayuM hoya. kahevAnuM tAtparya e ke jo je paristhiti atyAre tamArI samakSa che te barAbara tevI ja che jevI pahelAM eka vAra tamArI samakSa upasthita thaI hatI, to je jJAna pUrva prasaMge yogya ksoTI ryA pachI pramANa puravAra thayuM hatuM tene A prasaMge

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bhAratIya tattvajJAna koI kasoTI karyA vinA pramANa gaNI levAya. ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke jJAnanA prAmANya ke aprAmAyano nirNaya karavA mATe kasoTI karavAnI AvazyakatAmAMthI ahIM chUTa nathI ApavAmAM AvI; ApaNane mAtra salAha ApavAmAM AvI che ke ekanA eka jJAnanI ekathI vadhu vAra ekanI eka kasoTI karavI nahi- A bahu buddhithI dIpatI salAha nathI. tema chatAM e noMdhavuM joIe ke jeno paNa nyAyazeSika ane bauddhatAkikoe apanAvelA valaNathI viruddha nathI tema ja nyAyavazeSika ane bauddha tArkiko paNa jenoe apanAvelA valaNathI viruddha nathI - 9. prAcIna graMthonI vAta karIe te pahelAM evI eka bAbatanI noMdha laIe je vicAraNAmAM gUMcavADo pedA karavAnuM valaNa dharAve che. cAyavezeSiko ane mImAMsakono dAvo che ke svataH prAmANya viruddha parataH prAmANyano vivAda be muddAo para calAvAyo che - eka jJAnanI utpattino ane bIje jJAnanA jJAnano. pahelA muddAnI AsapAsa cAlatA vivAdamAM prazna Ubho karavAmAM Ave che ke zuM che kAraNa jAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANane (yathArtha jJAnane) utpanna kare che ? bIjA muddAnI AsapAsa cAlatA vivAdamAM e prazna uThAvavAmAM Ave che ke zuM che kAraNa jJAnanuM jJAna karAve che te ja kAraNa pramANanuM (yathArtha jJAnanuM) jJAna karAve che? sAdI bhASAmAM pahelo prazna thaze ke zuM jJAna ane pramANa (yathArtha phAna) baMne eka ja vastu che? bIjA zabdomAM zuM badhAM ja zAno pramANa che? kAraNa ke ekanI eka vastu 3 ane rane utpanna karatI hoya to stra ane ya eka ja vastu hoya. tevI ja rIte, sAdI bhASAmAM bIjo prazna thaze ke zuM jJAnane jANavA sAthe ja te jJAna pramANa (yathArya che e jaNAI jAya che? paraMtu ApaNA tArkikoe bhAgye ja A praznone - khAsa te prathama praznane - ATalI spaSTa rIte mUkyA che. 10. pahelo prazna pahelo laIe. eklA prabhAkaro ja jo ke khaTake evo khoTo chatAM tArkika mata svIkAre che, kAraNa ke teo sIdhe sIdhA spaSTapaNe jJAna ane pramANano abheda kare che, baMnenuM lakSaNa smRtibhinna jJAAna evuM Ape che ane te baMnene pAribhASika nAma "anubhava" Ape che. nyAyavazeSika tArkikoe paNa smRtibhinna zAnone pAribhASika nAma "anubhava ApyuM che paraMtu teoe prAbhAkaronuM samIkaraNa "anubhava = pramANa svIkAryuM nahi ane te temaNe yogya ja kyuM. ApaNe kahI zakIe ke amuka zAne kAM to pramANa hoya kAM to apramANa (ane bIjA koI prakAranuM nahi ke ubhayaprakAranuM nahi). tethI ApaNe vadhumAM pratipAdana karI zakIe ke jo pramANane utpanna karanArA yogya kAraNo upalabdha na hoya to utpanna thanAruM jJAna apramANa hoya; ane A ja vAtanuM pratipAdana nyAyavoSika tArkikoe (hakIkatamAM badhA tArkikoe) kyuM che, kAraNa ke pramANanuM lakSaNa bAMdhavA pAchaLa, pramANanuM aneka prakAromAM vargIkaraNa karavA pAchaLa ane A dareka prakArane utpanna karanAra karaNane (sAdhakatama kAraNane) nakkI karavA pAchaLa A ja Akho muddo rahelo che. Ama prastuta

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161 jJAnanuM prAmANya svatA ke parata ? vivAdamAM nyAyika tArkike e mata apanAvavo joIe ke pramANa tyAre ja utpanna thAya che jyAre pramANanuM karaNa barAbara rIte yojAyuM hoya, paraMtu hakIkatamAM teNe ' vicitra mArga apanAvyo che, kAraNa ke te kahe che ke jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM guNa hoya che tyAre pramANa (yathArya jJAna) utpanna thAya che ane jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM doSa hoya che tyAre apramANa utpanna thAya che. AnI sAme, bhAH mImAMsako evo mata pratipAdita kare che ke jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM doSa hoya che tyAre apramANa utpanna thAya che ane jyAre jJAnane utpanna karanAra kAraNamAM doSAbhAva hoya che tyAre pramANa utpanna thAya che. matabhedanI A rItanI abhivyaktie prastuta vivAdane vicitra vaLAMka Apyo ane te nIce mujaba che. bhAdR mImAMsako jaNAve che ke doSAbhAva bhAvarUpa vastu na hoI amAro mata ema kahevA barAbara che ke je kAraNa jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANane utpanna kare che jyAre doSa e bhAvarUpa vastu hoI jJAnanuM kAraNa jyAre doSayukta hoya tyAre te apramANane . utpanna kare che. jemane mate jJAnanuM kAraNa guNayukta hoya tyAre pramANane ane doSayukta hoya tyAre apramANane utpanna kare che te nyAyazeSika tAko temane ToNo mAre che ke tame tattvataH amArA jevo ja mata dharAvo cho. ane nyAyavaizeSika tArkiko Ama kahevAmAM eka rIte sAcA che kAraNa ke nyAyavazeSika tArkika ane bhAdR mImAMsako banne jayanA ciMtako abhAvane svataMtra padArtha tarIke svIkAre che jethI vadhArAnuM kaMIka je jJAnanA kAraNane pramANa utpanna karavA samartha banAve che te bhAva padArtha nathI paNa abhAva padArtha : che ema kahevA mAtrathI bhAddha mImAMsako potAnA matane nyAyazeSikonA matathI spaSTapaNe bhinna karI zaktA nathI. vadhAre gaMbhIra muzkelI to bhAdR mImAMsako mATe e che ke teo sAce ja ema kahevA mAgatA nathI ke jJAnanuM doSAbhAvathI yukta kAraNa pramANane utpanna kare che; kAraNa ke temano sAco mata to e che ke jJAnanuM kAraNa - jenuM doSayukta hovuM phAta nathI - pramANane utpanna kare che. temano A mata nyAyavizeSika tArkikonA matathI ghaNo ja judo paDe che ane bamaNo doSayukta Thare che. hakIkatamAM, bhaTTa mImAMsakonI pUrI mahenata badhAM jJAno pramANa che e prAbhAkara matanI UDIne AMkhe vaLage evI khoTAIne DhAMkavA mATenI rahI che. je ho te, A matabhedane kAraNe nyAyavaizeSika mata prAmANya ane aprAmANya bane parataH che' evA siddhAnta tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyo, jyAre bhATTa mImAMsakono mata prAmANya svataH che paNa aprAmANya parataH che evA siddhAnta tarIke oLakhAvA lAgyo (kAraNa ke temanA mate prAmANyanI utpatti mATe jJAnanA utpAdaka kAraNa sAthe kaMI vadhArAnuM hovuM jarUrI nathI jyAre aprAmANyanI utpatti mATe jJAnanA utpAdaka kAraNa sAthe kaMIka vadhArAnuM - doSa - hovuM jarUrI che). 11. A pazcAdbhUmikAmAM udayanAcArye bhAda mImAMsako sAme karelI nIcenI dalIla samajavI joIe ? "jo mImAMsaka e svIkAravA taiyAra hoya ke "jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna kAraNasAmagrI vattA doSa apramANane utpanna kare che to teNe e ja pramANe svIkAravuM joIe ke "jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA doSAbhAvarUpa guNa pramANane utpanna kare che, kAraNa ke jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI doSAbhAvayukta hovI ja joIe jo teNe pramANane utpanna karavuM hoya to. mImAMsaka kadAca kaheze ke doSAbhAvane guNa na gaNI zakAya kAraNa ke guNa e bhAvarUpa ja hovo joIe (jyAre doSAbhAva e bhAvarUpa padArtha nathI), paraMtu tenI A vAta Take evI nathI. tenuM kAraNa e ke evAM daSTAno paNa che jyAM je doSa potAnI hAjarIthI apramANa utpanna kare che te pote ja 'abhAva che ane pariNAme A daSTAntomAM doSAbhAva pote bhAva padArtha banI raheze. (tAtparya e ke bhAdra mImAMsakone e svIkAravAnI pharaja pADavAmAM Ave che ke evAM daSTAnto saMbhave che jyAM jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrImAtra pramANane utpanna karatI nathI paraMtu jJAnasAmAnyanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA bhAvarUpa guNa pramANane utpanna kare che.) udAharaNanI madadathI A vastune vizada karIe. je vastu pratye ApaNane rAga hoya che te ja vastu pratye ApaNane dveSabhAva paNa hoya che ane je vastu pratye ApaNane TheSa hoya che te ja vastu pratye ApaNane rAgAbhAva paNa hoya che. chatAM koI ema nathI kahetuM ke vastune prApta karavAnA prayatnanuM kAraNa zreSAbhAva che ane vastuthI dUra rahevAnA prayatnanuM kAraNa rAgAbhAva che. enuM kAraNa e ke sAcI vastusthiti e che ke vastune prApta karavAnA ApaNA prayatnanuM kAraNa te vastu pratyeno rAga che ane vastuthI dUra rahevAnA ApaNA prayatnanuM kAraNa te vastu pratyeno dveSa che. tevI ja rIte pramANanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrImAM guNa sAthe doSAbhAvano paNa samAveza thAya che ane apramANanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrImAM doSa sAthe guNAbhAvano paNa samAveza thAya che. chatAM koIe ema na kahevuM joIe ke pramANanA - kAraNamAM doSAbhAva samAveza pAme che (paNa kahevuM joIe ke pramANanA kAraNamAM guNa samAveza pAme che) tema ja koIe ema paNa na kahevuM joIe ke apramANanA kAraNamAM guNAbhAva samAveza pAme che. enuM kAraNa e ke sAcI vastusthiti e che ke pramANanA kAraNamAM guNa samAviSTa che ane apramANanA kAraNamAM doSa samAviSTa che.'' . 12. udayanAcArye ApeluM udAharaNa temanA matanI nabaLAI khullI karavA pUratuM che. koI paNa vastunA saMbaMdhamAM mANasa be ja rIte vartI zake. jo tene amuka pratye rAga hoya che to te te vastune prApta karavA pravRtti kare che ane jo tene te vastu pratye dveSa hoya che to te te vastuthI dUra rahe che (nivRtti). paraMtu jo te na to te vastune prApta karavA pravRtti kare ke na to te vastuthI te dUra rahe to tene te vastunA saMbaMdhamAM kriyAzIla ja na gaNI zakAya. tevI ja rIte, mANasa vastune mAtra be ja rIte jANI zake. jo vastu jevI che tevI ja tene te varNave to tene te yathArtha rIte jANe ane jo vastu jevI nathI tevI te varNave to tene te ayathArtha rIte jANe. paraMtu jo vastune jevI che tevI te na varNave ke vastune jevI nathI tevI te na varNave to te tene jANe che ema na kahevAya. vaLI, jo vastunA saMbaMdhamAM

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataHke parataH ? mANasa dvArA karAtI kriyA vastune prApta karavAnA hetuthI thatI na hoya ke vastune TALavA - dUra rAkhavAnA hetuthI thatI na hoya to evI kriyA mUrkhAibharI kahevAya. tevI ja rIte, vastunuM varNana vastune jevI che tevI varNavatuM na hoya ke vastune jevI nathI tevI varNavatuM na hoya to te varNana paNa mUrkhAIbharyuM che. kahevAno Azaya e che ke vastune varNavavAnI sAcI rIta che (je rItane yathArtha jJAnanuM pramANanuM ... kAraNa kahI zakAya) ane vastune varNavavAnI khoTI rIta che (je rItane ayathArtha jJAnanuM - apramANanuM - kAraNa kahI zakAya), paraMtu ema sUcavavuM arthahIna che ke vastune varNavavAnI na-sAcI-na-khoTI rIta paNa che ane uparathI guNano umero tene vastune varNavavAnI sAcI rIta banAve che jyAre uparathI doSano umero tene vastune varNavavAnI khoTI rIta banAve che. 13. jayate paNa A ja rIte dalIla karI che. te kahe che ke jyAre kAraNasAmagrImAM guNa hoya che tyAre yogya rIte kArya utpanna thAya che ane jyAre kAraNasAmagrImAM doSa hoya che tyAre ayogya rIte kArya utpanna thAya che. AnA uparathI te nirNaya kare che ke evuM kArya ja saMbhavatuM nathI je na to guNayukta kAraNasAmagrIthI utpanna thayuM che ke na to doSayukta kAraNasAmagrIthI utpanna thayuM che. AnI sAthe eka phalitArtha e joDe che ke 'jJAnanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA guNa thI pramANa utpanna thAya che ane jJAnanI utpAdaka kAraNasAmagrI vattA doSathI apramANamAM utpanna thAya che. A AkhI dalIla atyaMta zramasAdhya che ane jayaMta je puravAra karavAmAM saphaLa thAya che te eTaluM ja che ke jyAre prastuta kAraNasAmagrI upasthita hoya che tyAre kArya utpanna thAya che ane jyAre te anupasthita hoya che tyAre te kArya utpanna thatuM nathI. . 14. Ano artha e nathI ke A prazna paratve mImAMsakono matanyAyaveroSikonA matathI. vadhu khAmIbharyo nathI. kumArila bhaTTa potAnA matanA bacAvamAM nIce mujaba jaNAve che. ' badhAM ja zAno svAbhAvikapaNe ja pramANa che, kAraNa ke vastunI je zakti svAbhAvika na hoya tene te vastumAM bIjuM koI pedA karI zake nahi. potAnI utpatti mATe vastune kAraNanI apekSA che, paraMtu eka vAra te utpanna thaI jAya pachI potAne yogya kriyA te pote ja potAnI meLe kare che, te mATe te koInI apekSA rAkhatI nathI. (ahIM potAnI TIkAmAM pArthasArathi mizra kahe che : dhaTa potAnI utpatti mATe mATI vagerenI apekSA rAkhe che paraMtu pANIne dhAraNa karavA mATe koInI apekSA rAkhato nathI. tevI ja rIte, jJAna potAnI utpatti mATe kAraNanI - kadAca guNathI yukta ke tamane game te vastuthI yukta kAraNanI - apekSA rAkhe che paraMtu viSayano nizcaya' nAmanuM potAnuM kArya karavA mATe te koInI apekSA rAkhatuM nathI, paraMtu tamArA (nyAyapinnA) darzAvyA mujaba to jyAM sudhI jJAnanuM utpAdaka kAraNa doSarahita zuddha che e jJAna na thAya tyAM sudhI jJAna pote utpanna thayA pachI paNa potAnuM kArya viSayano nizcaya' karatuM nathI. tethI tamAre pahelA jJAnanA utpAdaka kAraNane doSarahita zuddha jaNAvanAra bIjA jJAnanuM kAraNa

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna doSarahita zuddha che evI khAtarI karAvI ApanAra trIjuM jJAna koIka kAraNathI utpanna thAya te mATe rAha jovI paDaze, kAraNa ke jyAM sudhI doSarahita zuddha kAraNa doSarahita zuddha che e rAta na thAya tyAM sudhI te doSarahita zuddha kAraNa astitva dharAvatuM hovA chatAM astitva na dharAvatuM hovA barAbara che. vaLI A trIjA jJAnanA kAraNane doSarahita zuddha hovAnI khAtarI karAvI ApavAmAM Ave pachI ja te pramANa gaNAya. A ja samasyA cothA jJAnanI bAbatamAM khaDI thaze ane A prakriyAno aMta ja nahi Ave - anavasthA thaze. bIjI bAju kumArikanuM kahevuM che ke jo jJAnanuM prAmANya teno svabhAva ja hoya to tene potAnuM kArya viSayano nizcaya karavA mATe vadhArAnA kazAnI apekSA ja rahetI nathI ane doSanA ajJAnathI (anupalabdhithI) anAyAse ja tenuM aprAmANya dUra thaI jAya che. (potAnI TakAmAM pArthasArathi mizra kahe che : doSo jyAre jAta thAya che tyAre ja prAmANyane haNe che. te doSonuM ajJAna ja prAmANyanA virodhI aprAmANyAne dUra kare che ane doSonuM ajJAna vinA AyAse siddha che, eTale ahIM anavasthAne koI avakAza nathI.) Ama jJAna pote jJAnasvarUpa che eTalA mAtrathI ja te pramANa puravAra thAya che. ane jyAre ApaNane jaNAya ke teno viSaya te jevo varNave che tevo nathI ke tenuM kAraNa doSayukta che tyAre ja A tenI pramANatA dUra thaI jAya che." ahIM e sahelAIthI ApaNe pakaDI pADIe chIe ke kumArilanI AkhI dalIla doSajJAnAbhAvane (doSAjJAnane) doSAbhAva sAthe khoTI rIte eka gaNI levA upara ja TakI rahI che. kumArinane yogya rIte ja evuM lAge che ke pramANa paNa na hoya ane apramANa paNa na hoya evuM jJAna saMbhavatuM ja nathI. paraMtu vadhArAmAM tenuM sUcana ke jo ane jyAM sudhI jJAna apramANa puravAra na thAya to ane tyAM sudhI te pramANa ja che, kharekhara buddhivirodhI ane vicitra che. jJAnane AdhAre pravRtta thavA mATe jJAnanA prAmAyano nizcaya hovo jarUrI nathI e kumArinI vAta sAcI che. paraMtu temAMthI teNe e tAravavuM khoTuM che ke badhAM ja zAno pramANa che athavA jo ane jyAM sudhI teo apramANa puravAra na thAya to ane tyAM sudhI teo pramANa che. 15. ane A rahI prabhAkaranI potAnA pakSanI rajUAta: "jyAre jJAnano viSaya bIjI vastu sAthe samAnatA dharAvato hoya ane te jJAna potAnA viSayamAM rahelA pelI vastuthI tene judA pADatA dharmone dhyAnamAM levAmAM niSphaLa jAya tyAre te jJAna zAtAmAM pelI vastunuM smaraNa janmAve che paraMtu jJAtA pote e hakIkatathI ajJAta che ke potAne smaraNarUpa jJAna thaI rahyuM che. Ama chIpamAM rajatanuM phAna jevA jJAnone samajAvavAmAM Ave che. (AnA uparanI potAnI TIkAmAM zAlikanAtha kahe che kadAca koI ema kahe ke viSayane lagatA jJAnamAM pragaTa thato svabhAva ja viSayano svabhAva hovo joIe, evuM ja hoya to bhrAnta jJAno saMbhave nahi, ane jo brAnta jJAno saMbhavatA hoya to viSayane lagatA jJAnamAM pragaTa thato svabhAva te viSayano ja hovo joIe evuM na bane. AnA utaramAM

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165 zAnanuM prAmAya svataHke parataH ? prabhAkara nIce pramANe jaNAve che.) jyAre indriyanA doSane kAraNe rajatatulya chIpane viro utpanna thatuM jJAna chIpanA evA dharmone lakSamAM levAmAM niSphaLa jAya che je niHzaMkapaNe chIpamAM che tema ja chIpane rajatathI judI pADe che paraMtu mAtra evA dharmone ja dhyAnamAM le che je chIpa ane rajatamAM samAna che, tyAre jJAna smaraNane janmAve che. doSane kAraNe 'mane chIpano anubhava thayo che' evo avamarza (introspection) na thavAne lIdhe 'mane rajatanuM smaraNa thayuM che evuM jJAna tene thatuM nathI. pariNAme daSTa vastu ane smRta vastu vacceno bheda te karI zakto nathI. Ama ahIM be jJAna thAya che-"A'nuM pratyakSa ane rajatanuM smaraNa, kAraNa ke anyathA A prasaMge rajatanuM jJAna kevI rIte thAya e samajAvavuM mukela che. rajatanuM jJAna indriyajanya nathI ja, kAraNa ke rajata indriyanA saMyogamAM AvI nathI. e niyama che ke indriyo potAnA viSayanuM jJAna tenA saMyogamAM AvyA vinA utpanna karatI nathI, udAharaNArtha AMdhaLA mANasane cakSu dvArA jJAna thatuM nathI. tethI rajatanuM prastuta jJAna smRti che. A rIte chIpamAM rajatanuM jJAna jevAM jJAnone samajAvavAmAM Ave che.'' kumArinI bhUla karatAM prabhAkaranI bhUla vadhu pragaTa che. prabhAkara sAcI rIte ja darzAve che ke chIpamAM rajatanuM jJAna thavAmAM indriyano vyApAra ane smRtino vyApAra baMne kAma kare che. paraMtu e to badhAM ja pratyakSa jJAnonI bAbatamAM sAcuM che. yathArtha pratyakSane ayathArtha pratyakSathI juduM pADanAra je che te to e che ke yathArtha pratyakSa dekhelA viSayanuM sAcI rIte pUrvAnubhUta vastu sAthe anusaMdhAna kare che jyAre ayathArtha pratyakSa dekhelA viSayanuM khoTI rIte pUrvAnubhUta vastu sAthe anusaMdhAna kare che. A mahattvanA bhedane miTAvavAno prabhAkarano prayatna avazyapaNe hAnikAraka che. 12. have ApaNe nyAyavaizeSiko ane mImAMsakone je bIjA muddA paratve vivAda che teno vicAra karIe. A bIjo muddo e prazna aMge che ke zuM kAraNa jJAnanA jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANanA jJAnane utpanna kare che ? ahIM nyAyazeSika tArkiko evo mata dharAve che - je tattvataH sAco che - ke ApaNe jJAnane anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSa dvArA jANIe chIe jyAre te jJAnanA prAmAyane anumAna - "A jJAna pramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI jAya che evA anumAna - dvArA ApaNe jANIe chIe. bIjI bAju bhaTTa mImAMsako evo mata dharAve che ke je jJAnanA jJAnane utpanna kare che te ja pramANanA jJAnane utpanna kare che, jJAnanuM jJAna ane pramANanuM jJAna baMne eka ja vastu che, eTale jJAnanuM jJAna thatAM ja tenA prAmANyanuM jJAna paNa avazya thAya che ja. paraMtu aprAmANyanA jJAnanI bAbatamAM niSphaLa pravRtti uparathI phAnanuM aprAmANya jJAta thAya che; ApaNe kahIe chIe ke prastuta jJAna apramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI javAmAM niSphaLa rahyuM che. bhAdR mImAMsakono A mata dekhItI rIte khoTo che kAraNa ke jJAna prApta karIne jarUrI pravRtti karyA pachI ApaNe A pramANe dalIla karavAnI sthitimAM hoIe chIe : "A

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126 bhAratIya tattvajJAna jJAna pramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti bhaNI laI gayuM che' tema ja 'A jJAna apramANa che kAraNa ke te saphaLa pravRtti tarapha laI javAmAM niSphaLa gayuM che.' hakIktamAM jJAnane jANatAM ja tenuM prAmANya jJAta thaI jAya che e mata dharAvavAmAM kharekhara teo gaMbhIra hoya to aprAmANyanA jJAnanI bAbatamAM je dalIla karavAnuM teo jaNAve che te dalIlano Azaro temaNe levAnI jarUra nathI; bIjI bAju jo temane sAce ja aprAmANyanA jJAnanI khAkhatamAM te dalIlano Azaro levAnI jarUra lAgatI hoya to teo gaMbhIrapaNe e mata dharAvI na zake ke jJAnane jANatAM ja tenuM prAmANya jaNAI jAya che. Ama ahIM paNa bhATTa mImAMsakono prayatna badhAM jJAno pramANa che e tema ja teo pramANa che evuM jJAna ApaNane anAyAse ja thAya che e prAbhAkaronA khAmIbharyA matonI khAmI DhAMkavAno che. je ho te, evA matabhedane kAraNe nyAyaveroSika mata 'jJAnanuM prAmANya ane apramANya baMne parataH' evA siddhAMta tarIke oLakhAyo (kAraNa ke jJAnanA prAmANya tema ja aprAmANyane jANavA mATe ApaNe anuvyavasAyarUpa mAnasa pratyakSathI AgaLa javuM paDe che ane pravRttinA riporTa upara AdhArita anumAnanodalIlano ArAro levo paDe che), jyAre bhATTa mImAMsakono mata 'jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH paNa aprAmANya parataH' evA siddhAnta tarIke oLakhAyo (kAraNa ke prAmANyanA jJAna mATe jJAnanA astitvanA anumAnathI AgaLa javAnI jarUra nathI jyAre aprAmANyanA jJAna mATe tenAthI AgaLa jaI pravRttinA riporTa upara AdhArita anumAna-dalIlano ArAro levo paDe che.) 17. A pazcAdbhUmAM bhaTTa mImAMsako viruddha udayanAcArye karelA nIcenA tarkane ApaNe samajavo paDaze. te lakhe che : ' ''tethI ApaNe A matalabanuM anumAna karIe chIe : 'jJAnanuM prAmANya parata jJAta thAya che kAraNa ke jo A jAtanuM jJAna ApaNane pahelI ja vAra thatuM hoya to jema tenA apramANya aMge zaMkA udbhave che tema tenA prAmANya aMge zaMkA udbhave che. jo jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH jJAta thatuM hoya to jema jJAna hovA aMge zaMkA udbhavatI nathI tema tenA prAmANya aMge zaMkA udbhave nahi, kAraNa ke je vastu nizcitapaNe jJAta thaI hoya tene aMge zaMkA udbhavavAne mATe koI avakArA ja nathI.' kadAca kahevAmAM Ave ke ApaNe (jJAnanA pramANa hovA ke na hovAnI) tarapheNamAM ke viruddhamAM purAvA che ke kema e vicAravA thobhatA nathI paNa pramANa ane apramANa baMnenA samAna dharyo grahaNa karavAne kAraNe ja zaMkAmAM paDI jaIe chIe. ame kahIzuM ke jo kharekhara ema ja hoya to A zaMkAno kadI aMta na Ave (kAraNa ke A dharmo to hamezA rahevAnA ja.) kadAca koI kahe ke jJAna pramANa hoya to tema ja apramANa hoya to paNa tenAmAM prAmANya hovAnI lAgaNI thAya che; tethI ahIM ApaNane zaMkA janme che ke A lAgaNI pramANa vize thAya che ke apramANa vize. ame tene pUchIzuM ke ahIM zuM tame pramANajJAnane grahaNa

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* zAnanuM pramANaya svataH ke paratA? karo cho paNa tenA prAmANyane grahaNa karatA nathI ke pachI pramANajJAnane potAne ja grahaNa karavAmAM tame niSphaLa jAva cho? jo prathama pakSa svIkAro to tame kevI rIte kahI zako ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH ja gRhIta thaI jAya che ? kAraNa ke ahIM jJAnanuM prAmANya hovAnI lAgaNI thatI hovA chatAM tame prAmANyane grahaNa to karatA nathI (nizcitapaNe jANatA nathI), jo bIjo pakSa svIkAro to rAMkA thAya ja kevI rIte ? kAraNa ke tame jenA vize zaMkA UbhI thavAnI vAta karo cho e viSayane potAne ja tame grahaNa karyo nathI. tame kadAca kahezo ke jhaTa thatI pracuratara samartha (sakaLa) pravRttino khulAso anyathA thaI zakato na hovAthI ame mAnIe chIe ke jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH che. AnI sAme amAruM kahevuM che ke evuM nathI, jhaTa thatI pracuratara saphaLapravRttino khulAso bIjI rIte paNa thaI zake che. jhaTa pravRtti thAya che kAraNa ke te pravRttinuM kAraNa jhaTa upasthita thAya che, ane pracura pravRtti thavAnuM kAraNa che tenA kAraNanuM prAcurya. pravRttinuM kAraNa che icchA, IcchAnuM kAraNa e jJAna che ke icchita vastu amuka prayojana sAdhavAnuM sAdhana che, A (anumitirUpa) jAnanuM kAraNa che "pahelAM anubhavela ane prastuta prayojana sAdhavAnuM sAdhana jaNAyelI koI vastunA jevA ja AkAranI A vastu hovAthI evA hetunuM darzana, A hetudarzananuM kAraNa che Indriya ane vastuno saMyoga; A badhAmAM kayAMya ApaNane (prastuta jJAnanA) prAmANyanA jJAnano koI ja upayoga nathI. ane mAnI lo ke prAmANyanA jJAnano koI upayoga che to paNa te jJAnane svataH zA mATe mAnavuM? pracuratara saphaLapravRtti pracuratara prAmANyane kAraNe ke pracuratara prAmANyAnane kAraNe che ema mAnatAM ApaNe vadhArAmAM e svIkAravAnI koI jarUra nathI ke prAmANyanuM jJAna svataH thAya che. pANIne anulakSI tarasyA mANasanI pravRtti jhaTa thAya che ane te pracuratara saphaLapravRtti hoya che e hakIkatamAMthI e phalita na thAya ke je pratyakSano viSaya pANI che te ja pratyakSano viSaya pANInI tarasa maTADavAnI zakti paNa che." udayanano muddo spaSTa che. jema pANI tarasa maTADe che ke nahi e tame mAtra pANIne jANIne ja kadI na jANI zako paraMtu pANIne pIdhA pachI ane e tarasa maTADe che e anubhavyA pachI ja tame jANI zako ke pANI tarasa maTADe che tema jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa e tame mAtra jJAnane jANIne ja na jANI zako (svataH na jANI zako, paraMtu pravRttino Azaro lIdhA pachI ja ane pravRttinA riporTa uparathI yogya anumAna karIne pachI ja jANI rAko ke te jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa. jJAnane pravRttimAM mUkyA pahelAM tamAre tamAruM e jJAna pramANa che e jANavAnI jarUra nathI. jJAnane AdhAre thatI uttaravartI pravRtti ja puravAra karaze ke tamAruM e jJAna pramANa che ke apramANa. (uparanI carcAmAM jJAnanuM aprAmANya saphaLa pravRtti utpanna karavAnI tenI niSphaLatA uparathI anumati thAya che evo mata ApaNe bhAdra mImAMsakono gaNyo che. eka rIte A temanA tarapha kaMIka udAratA batAvI gaNAya, kAraNa ke sAcuM kahIe to teo jJAnane dUSita karatA

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128 bhAratIya tatvajJAna doSo zodhI kADhavAnI rIta bAbata aspaSTa rahevAmAM AnaMda mANe che. ApaNe agAu noMdhyuM che ke kumArila bhaTTa ane pArthasArathi mizra ane mAne che ke jJAnagata doSanuM ajJAna (anupalabdhi) mAtra ApaNane e jJAna pramANa che evI khAtarI karAvavA mATe pUratuM che. paraMtu prabhAkarathI judA paDI game tema paNa kumArela apramANa (brAnta) jJAnanI zakayatAno svIkAra kare che, tethI karela bhAratIya tArkiko dvArA sarvasvIkRta pravRttirUpa kasoTI jJAnane saMbhavitapaNe dUSita karanAra doSane zodhI kADhavAmAM ApaNane sahAya kare che evo mata kumArilano gaNIe to temAM bahu khoTuM nahi gaNAya. kumArikanI mUjhavaNa eTaluM ja puravAra kare che ke A prazna paratve prabhAkaranA masta ane bAkInA bhAratIya tArkikoe svIkArela mata vacce koI vacalo mata zakya nathI.) A prazna paratve jaina tArkikanA matano khyAla Ave e khAtara AcArya hemacandra potAnI pramANamImAMsAmAM je kahyuM che tene ahIM rajU karIe chIe.lAkSaNika jaina anekAntavAdI valaNanI chApa dharAvato A jaina mata mahadaMze cAyavaizeSika ane bauddha tArkika baMnene svIkArya banaze. koI zaMkA kare che - Ape pramANanuM je lakSaNa kahevuM hoya te kaho, paraMtu tenI pramANatAno nizcaya svataH thAya che ke parataH ? arthAt te ja pramANa potAnI pramANatAno nizcaya karI le che ke bIjA koI pramANathI teno nizcaya thAya che ? pratyeka jJAna svasaMvedI che, arthAta dareka jJAna pote potAne jANe che. tethI pramANabhUta jJAna potAnA jJAnatya svarUpane to svayaM jANI leze, paraMtu potAnA samyakapaNAne-prAmANyane svataH nahi jANI zake, kAraNa ke jJAnatva to pramANa jJAna ane apramANa ghana baMnemAM samAnapaNe rahe che. uparAMta, jo jJAnanA pramANyanuM pAna svataH ja thaI jatuM hoya to koIne jJAnanA prAmANya bAbata rAMkA ja na thAya. jo jJAnanI pramANatA bIjA jJAnathI jJAta thatI hoya to A bIjuM jJAna kyuM che? zuM te (jenI pramANatAno nizcaya karavAno che te) prathama jJAnanA viSayane grahaNa karanAruM jJAna che ke (te prathama jJAnane AdhAre karavAmAM AvelI) saphaLa pravRttine grahaNa karanAruM jJAna che ke prathama jJAnanA viSaya sAthe avinAbhAva saMbaMdha dharAvatA viSayane grahaNa karanAruM jJAna che? A traNeya jJAnonI pramANitAno nizcaya jyAM sudhI na thAya tyAM sudhI te phAno prathama jJAnanI pramANitAno nizcaya na karAvI zake. jo te traNa jJAnonI pramANitAno nizcaya svataH thaI jato hoya to prathama jJAne zo aparAdha karyo che ke jethI te potAnI pramANatAno nizcaya pote ja na karI zake? je kahevAmAM Ave ke te traNa jJAnonI pramANatA paNa parataH (arthAt bIjA jJAnathI) nizcita thAya che, to anavasthAThoSanI Apatti AvI paDaze. arthAt prathama jJAnanI pramANatAno nizcaya karavA mATe bIjA jJAnanI jarUra paDI, tema bIjA jJAnanI pramANitAno nizcaya karavA mATe trIjA jJAnanI jarUra paDavAnI, ane A rIte AgaLa paNa acAnya jJAnonI kalpanA karatA karatA kyAMya anta nahi Ave.

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jAnanuM prAmAya svataH ke para? 169 A AzaMkAnA uttaramAM ame jana tArkiko kahIe chIe - jJAnanI pramANitAno nizcaya kyAreka svataH ane kyAreka parataH thAya che. A vastune vistArathI samajAvIe chIe. keTalAMka zAnonI bAbatamAM, jJAnanA prAmAyano nizcaya svataH thAya che. je jJAna vAraMvAra thatuM hoya, jemake ApaNA potAnA hAthanuM jJAna, te jJAnanuM prAmANya svataH nizcita thAya che. tevI ja rIte, snAna, pAna, avagAhana, pipAsAnI upazAnti vagere saphaLa pravRttinA pratyakSanI (anubhavanI) pramANatAno nizcaya paNa svataH thAya che; saphaLa pravRttinA pratyakSanI pramANitAnI parIkSA karavAnI IcchA koI buddhimAna manuSya karato nathI. dAha ke tRSAthI pIDita manuSyane jyAre jalanuM jJAna thAya che tyAre te peluM pANI che evuM jJAna thatAM te jala prApta karavA mATe pravRtti kare che, jalane prApta kare che, jala prApta thatAM temAM snAna kare che, tarasyo hoya to tene pIe che, ane eno dAha ke tRSA zAMta thaI jAya che. jyAre Ama bane che tyAre jJAtA saMtoSa pAme che, kRtArtha thaI jAya che ane potAnA dAharamana ke tRSAzamananA pratyakSa jJAnanI pramANatAnI parIkSA karato nathI. arthAt jJAtA dAha ke tRSAnA zamanano anubhava kare che ane e anubhavanI saccAIno nizcaya karavA mATe bIjA pramANanI khoja karato nathI, ene te anubhavanuM prAmANya svataH ja pratIta thAya che. anumAnajJAnanI bAbatamAM, badhAM ja anumAnajJAnonI pramANitAno nizcaya svataH thAya che kAraNa ke anumAnajJAno potAnA prAmANyanI zaMkAne koI avakAza ApatA nathI. teo AvI zaMkAne avakAza ApatA nathI kAraNake sAdhya sAthe avinAbhAvasaMbaMdha dharAvatA sAdhanathI teo utpanna thAya che. e cokkasa che ke sAdhananuM jJAna sAdhananA hovA vinA utpanna thaI zakyuM nathI ane sAdhyanA hovA vinA sAdhananuM hovuM zakya nathI.' alabatta, keTalAMka jJAnonI bAbatamAM, jJAnanA prAmANyano nizcaya parataH thAya che. je pratyakSa jJAna vAraMvAra utpanna thayeluM nathI te pratyakSaphAnanA pramAno nizcaya parataH thAya che. A jJAnanI yathArthatA (pramANatA) pahelA jANelI na hoI, tenI pramANutAno nizcaya bIjA jJAnathI karavo paDe che. A bIjuM jJAna kAM to prathama jJAnanA viSayane jANanAruM tenuM poSaka jJAna hoya che kAM to saphaLa pravRttinuM jJAna hoya che kAM to prathama jJAne darzAvela padArtha sAthe avinAbhAvI padArthanuM jJAna hoya che. A traNe phAnonA prAmANyo nizcaya svataH ja thAya che, tethI anavasthA vagere doSone koI avakAza nathI. TippaNa 1. pramANa = yathArtha jJAna, apramANa = ayathArtha zAna; prAmANya = yathArthatA 2. prabhAkara mizranA anuyAyIo 3. kumArika bhaTTanA anuyAyIo 4. anubhUtiH pramANaM sA smRteranyA / prakaraNapaJcikA 6.2

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170 bhAratIya tattvajJAna 5. yatpunararthakriyAjJAnasyApi pUrvasmAt ko vizeSaH ? tasyApi cAnyataH prAmANyanizcayApekSA yAmanavasthetyuktaM tadapi sakalaprANabhRtpratItisAkSikavyavahAravirodhitvAdasambaddhAbhidhAnam, aparIkSaNIyaprAmANyatvAdarthakriyAjJAnasya 1...vizeSadarzanAd vA phalajJAne prAmANyanizcayaH / kaH punarvizeSa iti cet, yo'yaM zaucAcamanamajjanAmarapitRtarpaNapaTakSAlanazramatApanodanavinodanAdyanekaprakAranIraparyAlocanaprabandhaH / na hyayamiyAn kAryakalApo mithyAjJAnAt pravRttasya kvacidapi dRSTaH / svapne'pyasya prabandhasya darzanamastIti cet, na, svapnadazAvisadRzavispaSTajAgradavasthApratyayasya saMvedyatvAt / eSo'smi jAgarmi na svapimIti svapnavilakSaNamanidrAyamANamAnasaH pratyakSameva jAgratsamaya sakalo janazcetayate / na ca tasminnavasare salilamantareNaitAH kriyA: pravartamAnA dRzyante iti tadvizeSadarzanAt sujJAnamakriyAjJAnaprAmANyam / nyAyamaJjarI (tRtIyamAhnikam), L. D. Series 97, pR. 46-50 tatastato'pyarthakriyAdhigamaH paro'nveSaNIya ityanavasthA / nedaM sAdhIyaH / uttarArthakriyAbhAvAt pUrvasya yadi mAnatA / tadaivArthakriyAbhAvAduttarasya kathaM na sA // yatrArthakriyAsthitiraparopakalpitA tad yAvat pramANam, yatra tu svatastadaivArthakriyAnubhavastatsutarAmeva pramANam / pramANavArtikAlaMkAra, pR. 4 7. pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAMkhyAH samAzritAH / naiyAyikAste parataH saugatAzcarama svataH // prathamaM parataH prAhuH prAmANyaM vedavAdinaH / pramANatvaM svataH prAhuH paratazcApramANatAm / / (sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR. 104) 8. tema chatAM A valaNa jainonuM che eno nirdeza karyA vinA jayaMta enI ThekaDI uDAve cha. nyAya (tRtIya pAli), L. D. Series No 97, p. 53 6. jJAnatve'pyatiriktadoSAnupravezAdaprameti cet / evaM tarhi doSAbhAvamadhikamAsAdya pramA'pi jAyeta, niyamena tadapekSaNAt / astu doSAbhAvo'pyadhiko bhAvastu neSyate iti cet / bhavedapyevaM yadi niyamena doSairbhAvarUpaireva bhavitavyam, na tvevam / ... tasmAdyathA dveSarAgAbhAvAvinAbhAve'pi rAgadveSayoranuvidhAnaniyamAt pravRttinivRttiprayatnayo rAgadveSakAraNakatvam, na tu nivRttiprayatno dveSahetukaH pravRttiprayatnastu satyapi rAgAnuvidhAne dveSAbhAvahetuka iti vibhAgo yujyate, vizeSAbhAvAt, tathA prakRte'pi / - nyAyakusumAMjali, pR. 213-218 (kAzI saMskRta sirija 1957) 10. ahIM koI sUcave ke mAtra rAga ke dveSathI ja mANasa kriyA karavA prerAya che evuM nathI paraMtu keTalIka vAra upekSAbhAvathI paNa te kriyA karavA prerAya che. Ama traNa prakAranI kriyA saMbhave che - rAgarita pravRtti (vastune prApta karavAnI kriyA),

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jJAnanuM prAmANya svataHke parataH? 171 dveSaprerita nivRtti (vastune TALavAnI ke tenAthI dUra rahevAnI kriyA) ane upekSAbhAvaprerita na-pravRtti-na-nivRtti kriyA. AnI sAme kahevuM joIe ke hakIkatamAM sAco upekSAbhAva tenA viSayathI dUra rahevAmAM (nivRttimAM) pariNamavo joIe. game tema paNa udayanAcAryanA udAharaNe je rAgathI paNa DrAtI na hoya ke dveSathI paNa prerAtI na hoya evI na-pravRtti-na-nivRtti kriyAnI zakayatAno niSedha karavo ja joIe - je kriyAnI sAthe samAnatA na-pramANa-naapramANa prakAranA jJAnanI thAya. yathA pravRttau doSAbhAvahetukatve nivRttau rAgAbhAvahetukatve satyapi upekSAjJAnAdapi pravRttinivRttI syAtAmiti rAgadveSayoH pravRttinivRttihetutvamityekaikAbhAvo'nyathAsiddhaH, tathA pramA'pramayorapi guNadoSau na tu doSAbhAvaguNAbhAvau / kusumAMjaliprakAza, pR0 217 11. dvividhaM kAryaM bhavati samyagasamyagvA, tatra guNavatA kAraNena samyak kAryamutpadyate doSavatA tvasamyak iti / nirdoSa nirguNaM vA'pi na samastyeva kAraNam / aMta eva na tRtIyasya kAryasyAsti saMbhavaH / / samyagjJAnotpAdakaM kArakarmi svarUpAtiriktasvagatadharmasApekSa kAryanirvartakamiti sAdhyo dharmaH, kArakatvAt, mithyAjJAnotpAdakakArakavat / nyAyamaMjarI (tRtIyamAlikam), pR0 45-46 1.2. svataH sarvapramANAnAM prAmANyamiti gamyatAm / na hi svato'satI zaktiH kartumanyena zakyate // 47 / / AtmalAbhe ca bhAvAnAM kAraNApekSatA bhavet / / labdhAtmanAM svakAryeSu pravRttiH svayameva tu // 48 // (TIkA - ghaTo hi mRtpiNDAdikaM svajanmanyevApekSate nodakAharaNe'pi / tathA jJAnamapi svotpattau guNavaditaradvA kAraNamapekSatAM nAma, svakArye tu viSayanizcaye'napekSameveti / ) jAte'pi yadi vijJAne tava naartho'vdhaaryte| yAvatkAraNazuddhatvaM na pramANAntarAd bhavet // 49 // tatra jJAnAntaropAdaH pratIkSyaH kAraNAntarAt / yAvaddhi na paricchinnA zuddhistAvadasatsamA / / 50 // tasyApi kAraNe zuddha tajjJAne syAt pramANatA / tasyApyevamitIcchaMzca na kvacid vyavatiSThate / / 5 / / yadA svataH pramANatvaM tadAnyannaiva gRhyate / nivartate hi mithyAtvaM doSAjJAnAdayatnataH // 52 //

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bhAratIya tatvajJAna (TIkA - jJAyamAnA hi doSAH prAmANyaM vighnantIti tadajJAnAdeva tadapavAdakaM mithyAtvaM nivartate, tadajJAnaM cAyanasiddhamiti na kAcidanavastheti / ) tasmAd bodhAtmakatvena prAptA buddheH prmaanntaa| arthAnyathAtvahetUtthadoSajJAnAdapodyate // 53 // zlokavArtika, codanAsUtra 1.3. viSayAntarasadRzamAlambya agRhItavivekaM yat jJAnamutpannaM tatsadRzaviSayAntare smRtihetutAM pratipadyate smarAmIti jJAnazUnyasya / upapannAni tAvat zuktikAdiSu rajatAdijJAnAni.... / (TIkA-tatra yadi yathAjJAnameva vastu na tarhi viparItatvam / atha viparItatvaM na tarhi yathAjJAnamevAlambanam / uttrm...| viSayAntaraM rajatAt zukti kA rajatasadRzImAlambyedamityagRhItavizeSa rajatAt bhedAvagamahetavo ye zuktikAyAM vizeSAstAnindriyadoSeNa sato'pyagRhItvA sAdhAraNAneva zuktikAyA dharmAn gRhNato yat jJAnamutpannaM tatsadRzAntare smRtijJAnahetutAM pratipadyate / doSavazAt khaNDitazuktike manasyanubhUtAvamarzAbhAvena smarAmIti jJAnazUnyasya / tena gRhyamANasmaryamANayorbhedo nAvasIyate / vijJAnadvayaM caitat, idamiti pratyakSaM rajatamiti smaraNam, anyathA rajatAvagatyasaMbhavAt / na hi tadindriyajam, tena samprayogAbhAvAt / asaMyukte cendriyaM vijJAnaM na janayati / andhasyAnutpAdAt / smaraNamevedam / upapannAni tAvacchuktikAdiSu rajatAdijJAnAni smRtirUpatayA....) -bRhatI pR0 50-51 evaM prAmANyaM parato jJAyate, anabhyAsadazAyAM sAMzayikatvAt, aprAmANyavat / yadi tu svato jJAyeta kadAcidapi prAmANyasaMzayo na syAta, jJAnatvasaMzayavat / nizcite tadanavakAzAt / na hi sAdhakabAdhakapramANamavadhUya samAnadharmAdidarzanAdevAsau, tathA sati tadanucchedaprasaMgAt / atha pramANavadapramANe'pi tatpratyayadarzanAd vizeSAdarzanAd bhavati zaMketyabhiprAyaH, tatkiM pramANajJAnopalambhe'pi na prAmANyamupalabdhaM pramANajJAnameva vA nopalabdham ? Adye kathaM svataH prAmANyagrahaH, pratyayapratItAvapi tadapratIteH, dvitIye kathaM tatra zaMkA, dharmiNa evAnupalabdheriti / yadapi jhaTiti pracuratarasamarthapravRttyanyathAnupapattyA svataH prAmANyamucyate, tadapi nAsti / anyathaivopapatteH / jhaTiti pravRcistarhi jhaTiti tatkAraNopanipAtamantareNAnupapadyamAnA tamAkSipet, pracurapravRttirapi svakAraNaprAcuryAt, icchA ca pravRtteH kAraNam / tatkAraNamapISTAbhyupAyatAjJAnam, tadapi tajjAtIyatvaliMgAnubhavaprabhavam, so'pIndriyasannikarSAdijanmA, na tu prAmANyagrahasya kvacidupayogaH / upayoge vA svata eveti kuta etat / tataH samarthapravRttiprAcuryamapi prAmANyaprAcuryAt tadgrahaNaprAcuryAd vA / svatastvaM tu tasya kvopayujyate ? na hi pipAsUnAM jhaTiti pracurA samarthA ca pravRttirambhasIti pipAsopazamazaktistasya pratyakSA syAt / - nyAyakusumAMjali, pR. 220-230 15. nanu astUktalakSaNaM pramANam, tatprAmANyaM tu svataH parato vA nizcIyeta ? na tAvat svataH, taddhi svasaMviditatvAt jJAnamityeva gRhNIyAt, na punaH samyaktvalakSaNaM prAmANyam sapA syAt /

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jJAnanuM prAmAya svataHke parataH ? 173 jJAnatvamAtraM tu pramANAbhAsasAdhAraNam | api ca svataH prAmANye sarveSAmavipratipattiprasaGgaH / nApi parataH, paraM hi tadgocaragocaraM vA jJAnam abhyupeyeta, arthakriyAnirbhAsaM vA, taMdrocaranAntarIyakArthadarzanaM vA ? tacca sarvaM svato'navadhRtaprAmANyamavyavasthitaM sat kathaM pUrva pravartakaM jJAnaM vyavasthApayet ? svato vA'sya prAmANye ko'parAdhaH pravartakajJAnasya yena tasyApi tanna syAt ? na ca prAmANyaM jJAyate svata ityuktameva, paratastvanavasthetyAzabyAha - prAmANyanizcayaH svataH parato vaa| prAmANyanizcayaH kacit svataH yathAbhyAsadazApanne svakaratalAdijJAne, snAnapAnAvagAhanodanyopazamAdAvarthakriyAni se vA pratyakSajJAne; na hi tatra parIkSAkAsAsti prekSAvatAm, tathAhi - jalajJAnam, tato dAhapipAsAtasya tatra pravRttiH, tatastatprAptiH, tataH snAnapAnAdIni, tato dAhodanyopazama ityetAvataiva bhavati kRtI pramAtA, na punardAhodanyopazamajJAnamapi parIkSate ityasya svataH eva prAmANyam / anumAne tu sarvasmitrapi sarvathA nirastasamastavyabhicArAzake svata eva prAmANyam, avyabhicArilinasamutthatvAta na ligAkAraM jJAnaM lihaM vinA, na ca liGgaM lijinaM vineti / kacit parataH prAmANyanizcayaH, yathA anabhyAsadazApanne pratyakSe / na hi tat arthena gRhItAvyabhicAramiti tadekaviSayAt saMvAdakAt jJAnAntarAdvA, arthakriyAnirbhAsAdvA, nAntarIyArthadarzanAdvA tasya prAmANyaM nizcIyate / teSAM ca svataH prAmANyanizcayAt nAnavasthAdidausthyAvakAzaH / pramANamImAMsAvRtti, 1.1.8 11. hemacaMdra rajU karelo parataH prAmANya viruddhano pUrvapakSa nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA (sata saMskRta sirija, 161, .)madhI akSaraza: BhAvesa che. vadhu sucaka to e che ke pUrvapakSa viruddhano tarka paNa - ati saMkSipta hovA chatAM - tattvataH nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkAnA tarka jevo ja che, keTaleka sthaLe to zabdasAmya 59 / che. (numo. nyAyatitApa1st, pR. 8-6). dharmatinA nyAya graMthanI dharmottarakRta TIkA upara TIkA lakhanAra durvekamizna paNa evo ja tarka Apyo cha, sellel 50 cha. pubho nI yenuM 5295 : prApaNazaktireva jJAnasya prAmANyam |...shktinishcystvrthkriyaani sasya sarvasyAnumAnasya ca svataH eva / pravartakAdhyakSasya ca kasyacit svataH eva yadabhyAsena parito nirasta- . vibhramAzam... / kasyacit tu parato'kriyAnirbhAsAtmakAt svataH prAmANyAdanyato vA yataH kutazcinnAntarIyakArthadarzanAt madhyakAlavartibhrAntizaGkApanodena nizcayita iti / dharmottarapradIpa, (zIsA yasvA sartha InsrITayUTa, 1965), pR. 19