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________________ jJAnabhANDAroM para eka dRSTipAta sAhitya-pradarzanI vibhAga aura unakA avalokana AjakI hamArI sAhitya-pradarzanImeM vidvAn , jijJAsu evaM sAmAnya janatA- sabako lakSameM rakha kara chude chude vibhAga kie gae haiN| sAmAnya janatAkA sambandha to sirfa citra tathA camakIlIbhar3akIlI vastuoMke sAtha hI hotA hai, jaba ki vidvAn evaM jijJAsukA to pratyeka vastuke sAtha tanmayatApUrNa sambandha hotA hai| ataH unheM sAhitya-pradarzanIke vibhAgoMkA avalokana isI dRSTise karanA cAhie / aisI sAhityika pradarzanImeM suvidhA evaM yogyatAke anusAra cAhe jo vastu cAhe jisa sthAna para rakhI ho, parantu yahA~ para jo sUcanA tathA tAlikA dI gaI hai usake AdhAra para prekSaka una una vastuoMkA paryavekSaNa kreN| isI dRSTi se yaha tAlikA dI gaI hai| sAhitya evaM kalA sambandhI vijJAnakI apekSAse pradarzanIkA mahattva haiM, aura hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki pradarzanIkI saccI AtmA evaM hArda bhI yahI hai / yaha dRSTikoNa sammukha rakhakara yadi pradarzanIkA nirIkSaNa kiyA jAya to vaha rasaprada evaM hamAre jIvana meM preraNAdAyI bana skegaa| tAlikA 1. sAhitya vibhAgakI dRSTise pradarzanImeM vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda, alaMkAra, kAvya, nATaka, dArzanika sAhitya, aitihAsika sAhitya, prAcIna gujarAtI-hindI sAhitya, jyotiSa, vaidyaka, phArasI sAhitya, gurumukhImeM likhI huI pustakeM Adi rakhe gae haiM / * akhila-bhAratIya prAcyavidyA pariSadke 17veM adhivezanake prasaMga para gujarAta vidhAsabhA, ahamadAbAda zrI bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana yojita sAhitya-pradarzanIke prayojaka muni zrI puNyavijayajIkA pravacana; 30 aktUbara, 1953 /
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________________ jJAnAMjali 2. jainetara vidvAnoM ke likhe granthoMke upara jainAcAryoM dvArA racita vyAkhyA-prantha / 3. digambarAcArya kRta graMtha / 4. eka hI vyaktike likhAe hue granthoMkI rAzi / 5. viSayAnukramase zreNibaddha likhAe grantha / 6. granthakAroM kI svayaM likhI huI yA zuddha kI huI yA likhAI huI pratiyAM / 7. granthakI racanAke bAda usameM kie gae savizeSa parivartanakI sUcaka prati / 8. qhAsa qhAsa mahApuruSoMke hastAkSara / 9. zrAvaka aura zrAvikA dvArA likhita tAr3apatrIya prati / 10. zuddha kiya hue tathA TippaNI kie hue grantha / 11. syAhIkI praur3hatA aura eka jaisI likhAvaTako sUcita karanevAlI granthasAmagrI / 12. lekhanapaddhatike prakAra - tripATha, paMcapATha, sastabaka Adi / 13. bhinna bhinna zatAbdiyoMkI bhinna bhinna prakArakI lipiyA~ / 14. tAr3apatrIya akSarAMkoMkA darzana / 15. prAcIna bhAratameM vyavahRta kAgaz2okI judI judI jAteM / 16. rAjakIya itihAsakI dRSTi se pratiyokA saMkalana / 17. sunaharI aura rUpaharI akSaroMmeM likhita sacitra kalpasUtra Adi / 18. sacitra tAr3apatrIya tathA kAgaz2akI pratiyA~ / 19. citrazobhana, riktalipicitramaya, lipicitramaya, aMkacitramaya, citrakarNikA, citrapuSpikA, citrakAvyamaya pratiyAM / 20. vijJaptipatra evaM vardhamAna-vidyA Adike paTa / 21. aneka prakArake bAz2I, gaMjIphe Adi / 22. jIrNa-zIrNa, sar3I-galI pratiyA~ko kAgaz2a Adi cipakA kara unakA punaruddhAra karanekI kalA pradarzita karanevAlA granthasaMgraha / 23. tAr3apatra, kAgaz2a Adike namUne / 24. lekhanakI sAmagrI-dAvAta, kalama, tUlikA (pIMchI), granthI, baTTe, bholie, jujabala, prAkAra, syAhI, haratAla Adi / 1. pradarzanI dekhanevAle prekSakoMko eka khAsa sUcanA hai ki yahAM para rakhI gaI sAmagrImeM jo usake lekhana Adike saMvatkA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai vaha vikrama saMvat samajhanA cAhie /
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________________ jJAnabha`DArAM para eka dRSTipAta 25. bhinna bhinna prakArake sacitra sundara Dibbe aura pAThe / Upara jo vibhAga die gae haiM unameM se kucha aise bhI haiM jinakA yadi svataMtra vivecana na kiyA jAya to unake bAremeM spaSTa khyAla nahIM A sakatA / parantu isa saMkSipta lekhameM unakA vivecana nA zakya nahIM haiM / [ 3 prastuta vibhAgoM meM zrAvikA sAvadekI sundara lipimeM likhI huI eka tAr3apatrIya prati hai / hamAre jJAnabhANDAroM meM puruSa lekhaka - sAdhu kiMvA zrAvaka - dvArA likhita granthoMkI naqaleM to saikar3oM aura haz2Aro kI saMkhyA meM milatI haiM, parantu sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvikAoMke hAthakI likhI huI pratiyA~ to kabhI kabhI - virala hI dekhane meM AtI haiN| mere praguru pUjya pravartaka dAdA zrIkAntivijaya mahArAjazrIne mer3atA ke jJAnabhANDArameM zrAvikA rUpAdeke hAthakI likhI huI malayagirikI Avazyaka vRtti dekhI thI, parantu Aja vaha prati vahA~ke bhANDArameM nahIM hai / isa samaya to hamAre sammukha prAcIna ginI jA sake aisI yahI eka mAtra prati hai aura vaha hai khambhAtake zAntinAtha - bhANDArameM / jJAnabhANDAroM para eka dRSTipAta isa yugake vikasita sAdhana aura vikasita vyavahArakI dRSTise lAibrerI yA pustakAlayoM kA vizvameM jo sthAna hai vahI sthAna pahale ke samayameM usa yugakI maryAdAke anusAra bhANDAroMkA thA / dhana, dhAnya, vastra, pAtra Adi dunyavI cIz2oMke bhANDAroMkI taraha zAstroMkA bhI bhANDAra arthAt saMgraha hotA thA jise dharmajIvI aura vidyAjIvI RSi-muni yA vidvAn hI karate the / yaha prathA kisI eka deza, kisI eka dharma yA kisI eka paramparAmeM sImita nahIM rahI hai / bhAratIya AryoMkI taraha IrAnI Arya, krizciyana aura musalamAna bhI apane sammAnya zAstroMkA saMgraha sarvadA karate rahe haiM / bhANDArake itihAsake sAtha aneka bAteM saMkalita haiM -- lipi, lekhanakalA, lekhanake sAdhana, lekhanakA vyavasAya ityAdi / parantu yahAM to maiM apane lagabhaga cAlIsa varSake pratyakSa anubhavase jo bAteM jJAta huI haiM unhIMkA saMkSepameM nirdeza karanA cAhatA hU~ / jahA~ taka maiM jAnatA hU~, kaha sakatA hU~ ki bhAratameM do prakArake bhANDAra mukhyatayA dekhe jAte haiM - vyaktigata mAlikIke aura sAMghika mAlikIke / vaidika paramparAmeM pustaka saMgrahoM kA mukhya sambandha brAhmaNavargake sAtha rahA hai / brAhmaNavarga gRhasthAzramapradhAna hai / use putra-parivAra AdikA parigraha bhI iSTa hai - zAstrasammata hai / ataeva brAhmaNa paramparAke vidvAnoMke pustaka - saMgraha mukhyatayA vyaktigata mAlikIke rahe haiM, aura Aja bhI haiN| gujarAta, rAjasthAna, uttarapradeza, bihAra, baMgAla, mithilA yA dakSiNake kisI pradezameM jAkara purAne brAhmaNa - paramparA ke saMgrahako hama dekhanA cAheM to ve kisI-na-kisI vyaktigata kuTumbakI mAlikIke hI mila sakate haiM / parantu bhikSu paramparAmeM isase ulaTA I
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________________ jJAnAMjali prakAra hai / bauddha, jaina jaisI paramparAe~ bhikSu yA zramaNa paramparAmeM sammilita haiN| yadyapi bhikSu yA zramaNa gRhasthoMke avalambanase hI pharma yA vidyAkA saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana karate haiM to bhI unakA nijI jIvana aura uddeza aparigrahake siddhAnta para avalambita hai-unakA koI nijI putra-parivAra Adi nahIM hotaa| ataeva unake dvArA kiyA jAnevAlA yA saMrakSaNa pAnevAlA granthasaMgraha sAMdhika mAlikIkA rahA hai aura Aja bhI hai / kisI bauddha vihAra yA kisI jaina saMsthAmeM kisI eka AcArya yA vidvAnkA prAdhAnya kabhI rahA bhI ho taba bhI usake AzramameM bane yA saMrakSita jJAnabhANDAra tattvataH saMghakI mAlikIkA hI rahatA hai yA mAnA jAtA hai / ___ sAmAnya rUpase hama yahI jAnate haiM ki isa dezameM bauddha vihAra na honese bauddha saMghake bhANDAra bhI nahIM haiM, parantu vastusthiti judA hai / yahAMke purAne bauddha vihAroMke choTe-bar3e aneka pustaka-saMgraha kucha usa rUpameM aura kucha nayA rUpa lekara bhAratake par3osI aneka dezoMmeM gae / nepAla, tibbata, cIna, sIlona, barmA Adi aneka dezoMmeM purAne bauddha zAstrasaMgraha Aja bhI sulabha haiN| jaina-paramparAke bhikSu bhAratake bAhara nahIM ge| isalie unake zAstrasaMgraha bhI mukhyatayA bhAratameM hI rahe / zAyada bhAratakA aisA koI bhAga nahIM jahA~ jaina pustaka-saMgraha thor3e-bahuta pramANameM na mile / dUra dakSiNameM karNATaka, Andhra, tAmila Adi pradezoMse lekara uttarake paMjAba, yuktapradeza taka aura pUrvake baMgAla, bihArase lekara pazcimake kaccha, saurASTra taka jaina bhANDAra Aja bhI dekhe jAte haiM, phira bhale hI kahIM ve nAmamAtrake hoN| ye saba bhANDAra mUlameM sAMdhika mAlikIkI haisiyatase hI sthApita hue haiN| sAMdhika mAlikIke bhANDAroMkA mukhya lAbha yaha hai ki unakI vRddhi, saMrakSaNa Adi kAryoMmeM sArA saMgha bhAga letA hai aura saMghake jude jude darjeke anuyAyI gRhastha dhanI usameM apanA bhaktipUrvaka sAtha dete haiM, jisase bhANDAroMkI zAstrasamRddhi bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai aura usakI rakSA bhI ThIka ThIka hone pAtI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bIcake andhAdhundhoke samaya saikar3oM vighnabAdhAoMke hote hue bhI haz2Aroko saMkhyAmeM purAne bhANDAra surakSita rahe aura purAne bhANDAroMkI kAyA para nae bhANDAroMko sthApanA tathA vRddhi hotI rahI, jo paramparA Aja taka cAla rhii| isa viSayameM do-eka aitihAsika udAharaNa kAfI haiM / jaba pATana, khambhAta Adi sthAnoMmeM kucha utpAta dekhA to AcAryoMne bahumUlya zAstrasampatti jesalamera Adi jaise dUravartI surakSita sthAnoMmeM sthAnAntarita kii| isase ulaTA, jahA~ aise utpAtakA sambhava na thA vahA~ purAne saMgraha vaise hI cAlU rahe, jaise ki karNATakake digambara bhANDAra / yo to vaidika, bauddha Adi paramparAoMke granthoMke sAtha merA vahI bhAva va sambandha hai jaisA jaina-paramparAke zAstra-saMgrahoMke sAtha, to bhI mere kAryakA mukhya sambandha paristhitikI dRSTise jaina bhANDAroMke sAtha rahA hai / isase maiM unhIMke anubhava para yahA~ vicAra prastuta karatA hU~ / bhAratameM kamase
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________________ jJAnabhaMDA para eka daSTipAta kama pAMca sau zahara, gA~va, kasabe Adi sthAna hoMge jahA~ jaina zAstrasaMgraha pAyA jAtA hai| pAMca saukI saMkhyA - yaha to sthAnoM kI saMkhyA hai, bhANDAroM kI nhiiN| bhANDAra to kisI eka zahara, eka kasabe yA eka gA~vameM pandraha-bIsase lekara do-pA~ca taka pAe jAte haiN| pATanameM bIsase adhika bhANDAra haiM to ahamadAbAda, sUrata, bIkAnera Adi sthAnoMmeM bhI dasa dasa, pandraha pandrahake AsapAsa hoNge| bhANDArakA kada bhI sabakA ekasA nhiiN| kisI kiso bhANDArameM pacIsa haz2Ara taka grantha haiM, to kisI kisImeM do sau, pA~ca sau bhI haiN| bhANDAroMkA mahatva judo judI dRSTi se AMkA jAtA hai - kisImeM grantharAzi vipula hai to viSaya-vaividhya kama hai; kisImeM viSaya-vaividhya bahuta adhika hai to apekSAkRta prAcInatva kama hai; kisImeM prAcInatA bahuta adhika hai; kisImeM jainetara bauddha, vaidika jaisI paramparAoMke mahattvapUrNa grantha zuddha rUpameM saMgRhIta haiM to kisImeM thor3e bhI grantha aise haiM jo usa bhANDArake sivAya duniyAke kisI bhAgameM abhI taka prApta nahIM haiM, khAsakara aise grantha bauddha-paramparAke haiM; kisImeM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, prAcIna gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI, fArasI Adi bhASAvaividhyakI dRSTi se grantharAzikA mahattva hai to kisI kisI purAne tAr3apatra aura citrasamRddhikA mahattva hai| saurASTra, gujarAta aura rAjasthAnake jude jude sthAnomeM maiM rahA hU~ aura bhramaNa bhI kiyA hai| maiMne lagabhaga cAlIsa sthAnoMke saba bhANDAra dekhe hai aura lagabhaga pacAsa bhANDAromeM to pratyakSa baiThakara kAma kiyA hai| itane parimita anubhavase bhI jo sAdhana-sAmagrI jJAta evaM hastagata huI hai usake AdhAra para maiM kaha sakatA hU~ ki vaidika, bauddha evaM jaina paramparAke prAcIna tathA madhyayugIna zAstroM ke saMzodhana AdimeM jinheM rasa hai unake liye aparimita sAmagrI upalabdha hai| zvetAmbara, digambara, sthAnakavAsI aura terahapaMtho-ina cAra phirakoMke Azrita jaina bhANDAra haiM / yo to maiM ukta saba phirakoke bhANDAroMse thor3A bahuta paricita hU~ to bhI merA sabase adhika paricaya tathA pratyakSa sambandha zvetAmbara paramparAke bhANDAroMse hI rahA hai / merA khayAla hai ki viSaya tathA bhASAke vaividhyakI dRSTi se, granthasaMkhyAkI dRSTise, prAcInatAkI dRSTise, granthoM ke kada, prakAra, alaMkaraNa AdikI dRSTise tathA alabhya, durlabhya aura sulabha parantu zuddha aise bauddha, vaidika jaisI jainetara paramparAoMke bahumUlya vividha viSayaka granthoMke saMgrahakI dRSTi se zvetAmbara paramparAke aneka bhANDAra itane mahattvake haiM jitane mahattvake anya sthAnoMke nhiiN| mAdhyamakI dRSTi se mere dekhanemeM Ae granthoMke tIna prakAra haiM- tAr3apatra, kAgaz2a aura kpdd'aa| tAr3apatrake grantha vikramakI navIM zatIse lekara solahavIM zatI takake milate haiN| kAgaz2ake grantha jaina bhANDAroMmeM vikramakI terahavIM zatIke prArambhase abhI takake maujUda haiN| yadyapi madhya eziyAke yArakanda zaharase dakSiNakI ora 60 mIla para kugiyara sthAnase prApta kAgajake cAra grantha lagabhaga I. sa. kI pA~cavI zatIke mAne jAte haiM, parantu itanA purAnA koI tAr3apatrIya yA kAgaz2I grantha abhItaka jaina
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________________ jJAnAMjali bhANDAroM meM se nahIM milA / parantu isakA artha itanA hI hai ki pUrvakAlameM likhe gae grantha jaise jaise bUr3he hue - nAzAbhimukha hue -vaise vaise unake uparase naI naI nakaleM hotI gaI aura nae race jAnevAle grantha bhI likhe jAne lge| isa taraha hamAre sAmane jo grantha-sAmagrI maujUda hai usameM merI dRSTise, vikramakI pUrva zatAbdiyose lekara navIM zatAbdI takake granthoM kA avataraNa haiM aura navIM zatAbdIke bAda nae race gae granthoMkA bhI samAveza hai / mere dekhe hue granthoM meM tAr3apatrIya granthoMkI saMkhyA lagabhaga 3,000 (tIna haz2Ara) jitanI aura kAgaz2ake granthoMkI saMkhyA to do lAkhase kahIM adhika hai / yaha kahane kI z2arUrata nahIM ki isameM saba jaina firakoMke saba bhANDAroMke granthoM kI saMkhyA abhipreta nahIM hai, vaha saMkhyA to dasa-pandraha lAkhase bhI kahIM bar3ha jaaygii| judI judI apekSAse bhANDArIkA vargIkaraNa nIce likhe anusAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / itanA dhyAnameM rahe ki yaha vargIkaraNa sthUla hai / prAcInatAkI dRSTise tathA citrapaTTikA evaM anya citrasamRddhikI dRSTi se aura saMzodhita tathA zuddha kie hue Agamika sAhityakI evaM tArkika, dArzanika sAhityakI dRSTi se - jisameM jaina paramparAke atirikta vaidika aura bauddha paramparAoMkA bhI samAveza hotA hai - pATana, khambhAta aura jesalamerake tAr3apatrIya saMgraha prathama Ate haiN| inameM se jesalamerakA kharatara-AcArya aMjinabhadrasUri saMsthApita tADapatrIya bhANDAra prathama dhyAna khIMcatA hai| navIM zatAbdIvAlA tAr3apatrIya grantha vizeSAvazyaka mahAbhASya jo lipi, bhASA aura viSayakI dRSTise mahattva rakhatA hai vaha pahale pahala isI saMgrahameM se milA hai / isa saMgrahameM jitanI aura jaisI prAcIna citrapaTTikAe~ tathA itara purAnI citrasamRddhi hai utanI purAnI aura vaisI kisI eka bhANDArameM labhya nhiiN| isI tAr3apatrIya saMgrahameM jo Agamika grantha haiM ve bahudhA saMzodhita aura zuddha kie hue haiN| vaidika paramparAke vizeSa zuddha aura mahattvake kucha grantha aise haiM jo isa saMgrahameM haiN| isameM sAMkhyakArikA parakA gauDapAda-bhASya tathA itara vRttiyA~ haiM / yogasUtrake Uparako vyAsabhASya sahita tattvavaizAradI TIkA hai / gItAkA zAMkarabhASya aura zrIharSakA khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya hai / vaizeSika aura nyAyadarzanake bhASya aura unake uparako kramika udayanAcArya takakI saba TIkAe~ maujUda haiM / nyAyasUtra uparakA bhASya, usakA vArtika, vArtika parakI tAtparyaTokA aura tAtparyaTIkA para tAtparyaparizuddhi tathA ina pA~coM granthoMke upara viSamapadavivaraNarUpa 'paMcaprasthAna' nAmaka eka apUrva grantha isI saMgrahameM hai / bauddha paramparAke mahattvapUrNa tarkagranthoMmeMse saTIka saTippaNa nyAyabindu tathA saTIka saTippaNa tattvasaMgraha jaise kaI grantha haiM / yahA~ eka vastukI bhora maiM qhAsa nirdeza karanA cAhatA hU~ jo saMzodhakoMke liye upayogI hai / apabhraMza bhASAke kaI aprakAzita tathA anyatra aprApya aise bArahavIM zatIke bar3e bar3e kathA-graMtha isa bhANDArameM haiM,
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________________ jJAnabhaMDA para eka daSTipAta [7 jaise ki vilAsavaIkahA, ariTanemicariu ityAdi / isI taraha chanda viSayaka kaI grantha haiM jinakI nakale purAtattvakovida zrI jinavijayajIne jesalamera meM jAkara karAI thii| unhIM nakaloMke AdhAra para prophesara velinakarane unakA prakAzana kiyA hai / khambhAtake zrIzAntinAtha tAr3apatrIya granthabhANDArakI do-eka vizeSatAe~ ye haiM / usameM citrasamRddhi to hai hI, para gujarAtake suprasiddha maMtrI aura vidvAn vastugalakI svahastalikhita dharmAbhyudayamahAkAvyako prati hai / pATanake tIna tAr3apatrIya saMpahoMkI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiN| unameMse eka to yaha hai ki vahIMse dharmakIrtikA hetubindu arcaTakI TIkAvAlA prApta huA, jo abhItaka mUla saMskRtameM kahIMse nahIM milA / jayarAzikA tattvopaplaba jisakA anyatra koI patA nahIM vaha bhI yahIMse milA / ___ kAgaz2a-granthake aneka bhANDAroMmeMse cAra-pA~cakA nirdeza hI yahA~ paryApta hogaa| pATanagata tapAgacchakA bhANDAra gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI aura phArasI bhASAke vividha viSayaka saikar3oM pranthoMse samRddha hai, jisameM 'AgamaDambara' nATaka bhI hai, jo anyatra durlabha hai / pATanagata bhAmAke pADekA bhANDAra bhI kaI dRSTise mahattvakA hai / abhI abhI usImeMse chaThI-sAtavIM zatIke bauddha tArkika AcArya zrI dharmakIrtike suprasiddha 'pramANavArtika' granthakI svopajJa vRtti milI hai jo tibbatase bhI Ajataka prApta nahIM huI / khambhAtasthita jainazAlAkA bhANDAra bhI mahattva rakhatA hai / usImeM vi. saM. 1234 kI likhI jinezvarIya 'kathAkoza' kI prati hai| jaina bhANDAroMmeM pAI jAnevAlI kAg2ajakI pothiyoM meM yaha sabase purAnI hai / ATha sau varSake bAda Aja bhI usake kAgaz2akI sthiti acchI hai| upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajIke svahasta-likhita kaI grantha, jaise ki viSayatAvAda, stotrasaMgraha Adi, usI bhANDArase abhI abhI mujhe mile haiM / jesalamerake eka kAgaz2ake bhANDArameM nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanake sUtra, bhASya, TIkA, anuTIkA AdikA pUrA seTa bahuta zuddha rUpameM tathA saTippaNa vidyamAna hai, jo vi. saM. 1279meM likhA gayA hai| ahamadAbAdake kevala do bhANDAroMkA ho maiM nirdeza karatA huuN| pagathiyAke upAzrayake saMgrahameMse upAdhyAya zrI yazovijaya jIke svahastalikhita prameyamAlA tathA vItarAgastotra aSTama prakAzakI vyAkhyA- ye do grantha abhI abhI AcArya zrI vijayamanoharasUrijI dvArA mile haiN| bAdazAha jahA~gIra dvArA sammAnita vidvAn bhAnucandra aura siddhicandra racita kaI grantha isI saMgrahameM haiM, jaise ki naiSadhakI tathA vAsavadattAko TIkA Adi / devazA ke pADekA saMgraha bhI mahattvakA hai / isameM bhI bhAnucandra, siddhicandra ke aneka grantha sune gae haiN| kapar3e para patrAkArameM likhA abhI taka eka hI grantha milA hai, jo pATanagata zrIsaMghake bhANDArakA hai| yoM to rola - Tippaneke AkArake kapar3e para likhe hue kaI grantha mile haiM, para patrAkAra likhita yaha eka hI grantha hai| sone-cA~dIkI syAhIse bane tathA aneka raMgavAle saikar3oM nAnAvidha citra jaise tAr3apatrIya
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________________ 8] jJAnAMjali granthoM para milate haiM vaise hI kAgajake granthoM para bhI haiN| isI taraha kAgaz2a tathA kapar3e para Alikhita alaMkArakhacita vijJaptipatra, citrapaTa bhI bahutAyatase milate haiN| pAThe ( par3hate samaya panne rakhane tathA pratAkAra grantha bA~dhaneke liye jo donoM ora gatte rakhe jAte haiM - pudre), Dibbe Adi bhI sacitra tathA vividha AkArake prApta hote haiN| DibboMkI eka khUbI yaha bhI hai ki unameMse koI carmajaTita haiM, koI vastra jaTita haiM to koI kAgaz2ase mar3he hue haiN| jaisI Ajakala ko chapI huI pustakoMkI jildoM para racanAe~ dekhI jAtI haiM vaisI ina DibboM para bhI Thappose - sA~coMse DhAlI huI aneka tarahako raMga-biraMgI racanAe~ haiN| Upara jo paricaya diyA gayA hai vaha mAtra digdarzana hai jisase prastuta pradarzanImeM upasthita kI huI nAnAvidha sAmagrIkI pUrvabhUmikA dhyAnameM A sake / yahA~ jo sAmagrI rakhI gaI hai vaha uparyukta bhANDAroMmeMse namUneke taura para thor3I thor3I ekatra kI hai| jina bhANDArokA maiMne Upara nirdeza nahIM kiyA unameMse bhI dhyAna khIMce aisI aneka kRtiyA~ pradarzinImeM lAI gaI haiM, jo usa usa kRtike paricAyaka kArDa Adi para nirdiSTa haiN| tAr3apatra, kAgaz2a, kapar3A Adi para kina sAdhanoMse kisa kisa taraha likhA jAtA thA ?, tAr3apatra tathA kAgaz2a kahA~ kahA~se Ate the ?, ve kaise likhane lAyaka banAe jAte the ?, sone, cA~dIkI syAhI tathA itara raMga kaise taiyAra kie jAte the?, citrakI tUlikA Adi kaise hote the? ityAdi bAtoMkA yahA~ to maiM saMkSepameM hI nirdeza kruuNgaa| bAkI, isa bAremeM maiMne anyatra vistArase likhA hai| lekhana viSayaka sAmagrI tAr3apatra aura kAgaz2a - jJAnasaMgraha likhavAne ke liye bhinna bhinna prakArake acchese acche tAr3apatra aura kAgaz2a apane dezake vibhinna bhAgoMmeM se maMgAe jAte the / tAr3apatra malabAra Adi sthAnoMmeM se Ate the| pATana aura khambhAtake jJAnabhANDAroMmeM se isa bAreke pandrahavIM zatoke antake samayake ullekha upalabdha hote haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM : // saM 1489 varSe jye0 vadi / patra 354 malabAranAM // varya pRthula saMcayaH // zrI // pATanake bhANDArameM se bhI isIse milatA-julatA ullekha milA thaa| usameM to eka pannekI kImata bhI dI gaI thii| yadyapi vaha pannA Aja astavyasta ho gayA hai phira bhI usameM Ae hue ullekhake smaraNake AdhAra para eka pannA chaha AnekA AyA thaa| grantha likhaneke liye jisa taraha tAr3apatra malabAra jaise sudUravartI dezase maMgAe jAte the, usI taraha acchI jAtake kAgaz2a kAzmIra aura dakSiNa jaise dUrake dezoMse maMgAe jAte the| gujarAtameM ahamadAbAda, khambhAta, sUrata Adi aneka sthAnoMmeM acche aura maz2abUta kAg2az2a banate the / idharake vyApArI abhI taka apanI bahiyoMke liye inhIM sthAnoMke kAgaz2akA upayoga karate rahe haiN| zAstra likhaneke liye sUrata se kAgaz2a maMgAnekA eka ullekha saMskRta padyameM milatA hai| vaha padya isa prakAra hai :
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________________ jJAnabhaMDArI para eka dRSTipAta 'surAtpurataH korakapatrANyAdAya cetaso bhaktyA / likhitA pratiH prazastA prayatnataH kanakasomena // " 66 isakA sArAMza yaha hai ki sUrata zahara se kore kAgaz2a lA karake hArdika bhakti se kanakasoma nAmaka munine prayatnapUrvaka yaha prati likhI hai / tAr3apatra meM moTI-patalI, komala-rUkSa, lambI- choTo, caur3I-sa~karI Adi aneka prakArakI jAteM thiiN| isI prakAra kAgaz2oMmeM bhI moTI patalI, sapheda - sA~valApana lI huI, komala rUkSa, cikanI-sAdI Adi aneka jAteM thiiN| inameM se zAstralekhanake liye, jahA~ taka ho sakatA thA vahA~ taka, acche se acche tAr3apatra aura kAgaz2akI pasaMdagI kI jAtI thii| kAgaz2akI aneka jAtoM meM se kucha aise bhI kAgaz2a Ate the jo Ajakala ke kArDake jaise moTe honeke sAtha hI sAtha majabUta bhI hote the / kucha aise bhI kAgaz2a the jo Ajake patale baTara pepara kI apekSA bhI kahIM adhika mahIna hote the / ina mahIna kAgaz2oMkI eka yaha vizeSatA thI ki usa para likhA huA dUsarI ora phailatA nahIM thA / Upara jisakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai vaise bArIka aura moTe kAgaz2oMke Upara likhI huI DhekI Dhera pustakeM isa samaya bhI hamAre jJAnabhANDAroMmeM vidyamAna hai / isake atirikta, hamAre ina jJAnabhANDAkA yadi pRthakkaraNa kiyA jAya to prAcIna samayameM hamAre dezameM bananevAle kAgaz2oMkI vividha jAteM hamAre dekhane meM Ae~gI | Upara kahI huI kAgaz2a kI jAto meM se kucha aisI bhI jAteM haiM jo cAra sau, pA~ca sau varSa bItane para bhI dhuMdhalI nahIM par3I haiN| yadi ina granthoM ko hama dekheM to hameM aisA hI mAlUma hogA ki mAno ye naI pothiyA~ haiM / --- [e syAhI - tAr3apatra aura kAgaz2ake Upara likhanekI syAhiyA~ bhI qhAsa vizeSaprakArako banatI thIM / yadyapi Ajakala bhI tAr3apatra para likhanekI syAhIkI banAvaTake tarIkoMke vividha ullekha milate haiM, phira bhI usakA saccA tarIkA, pandrahavIM zatIke uttarArddha meM lekhanake vAhanake rUpameM kAgaz2akI ora logoM kA dhyAna savizeSa AkarSita hone para, bahuta jaldI vismRta ho gyaa| isa bAtakA anumAna hama pandrahavIM zatIke uttarArddhameM likhI gaI aneka tAr3apatrIya pothiyoMke ukhar3e hue akSaroMko dekhakara kara sakate haiM / pandrahavIM zatIke pUrvArddhameM likhI huI tAr3apatrakI pothiyoMkI syAhIkI camaka aura usI zatI ke uttarArddhameM likhI huI tAr3apatra kI pothiyoMkI syAhIkI camakameM hama jamIna-AsamAnakA farka dekha sakate haiN| alabattA, pandrahavIM zatIke antameM dharaNA zAha Adine likhavAI huI tAr3apatrIya granthoMkI syAhI kucha ThIka hai, phira bhI usI zatIke pUrvArddhameM likhI gaI pothiyoMkI syAhI ke sAtha usakI tulanA nahIM kI jA sktii| kAgaz2ake Upara likhanekI syAhIkA qhAsa prakAra Aja bhI jaisekA taisA surakSita rahA hai arthAt yaha syAhI cirakAla taka TikI rahatI hai aura granthako nahIM bigAr3atI / raMga jisa taraha granthoMke lekhana Adike liye kAlI, lAla, sunaharI, rUpaharo Adi 2
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________________ U 10] jJAnAMjali syAhiyA~ banAI jAtI thIM usI taraha grantha AdimeM varNita viSayake anurUpa vividha prakArake citroMke Alekhanake liye aneka prakArake raMgokI anivArya AvazyakatA hotI thI / ye raMga vividha khanija aura vanaspati Adi padArtha tathA unake mizraNa meMse sundara rUpase banAe jAte the| yaha bAta hama hamArI A~khoMke sAmane AnevAle saikar3oM sacitra grantha dekhanese samajha sakate haiN| raMgokA yaha mizraNa aisI safAIke sAtha aura aise padArthoMkA kiyA jAtA thA, jisase vaha granthako khA na DAle aura khuda bhI nisteja aura dhuMdhalA na pdd'e| -- lekhanI - jisa taraha likhane ke liye drava dravyake rUpameM syAhI Avazyaka vastu haiM usI taraha likhane ke sAdhana rUpase kalama, tUlikA Adi bhI Avazyaka padArtha haiN| yadyapi apanI apanI suvidhA ke anusAra aneka prakArake sarakaNDe tathA narakaTameMse kalameM banA lI jAtI thIM, phira bhI graMtha likhanevAle hie yA lekhakako satata aura vyavasthita rUpase likhanA par3atA thA, isaliye qhAsa vizeSa prakArake sarakaNDe pasaMda kie jAte the / ye sarakaNDe vizeSataH amuka prakArake bAMsake, kAle sarakaNDe athavA dAlacInI kI lakar3I jaise pIle aura maz2abUta narakaTa adhika pasaMda kie jAte the| inameM se bhI kAle sarakaNDe adhika pasanda kie jAte the / ina sarakaNDoke guNa-doSakA vicAra bhI hamAre prAcIna granthoMmeM kiyA gayA hai ki kalama kaise banAnI tathA usakA kaTAva kaisA honA cAhie ityAdi / kalamake nApa Adike liye bhI bhinna bhinna prakArakI mAnyatAe~ hamAre yahAM pracalita haiM / maSIbhAjana - dAvAta - syAhI bharaneke liye apane yahAM kA~cakI, saphAIdAra miTTIkI tathA dhAtu Adi aneka prakArakI dAvAteM banatI hogI aura unakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hogA | parantu unake AkAra-prakAra prAcIna yugameM kaise hoMge - yaha jAnanekA viziSTa sAdhana isa samaya hamAre sammukha nahIM haiM / phira bhI Aja hamAre sAmane do sau, tIna sau varSakI dhAtukI vividha prakArakI dAvateM vidyamAna haiM aura hamAre apane z2amAneke purAne lekhaka tathA vyApArI syAhI bharaneke liye jina dAvAtoM tathA DibbiyoM kA upayoga karate Ae haiM una parase unake AkAra Adike bAremeM hameM kucha khyAla A sakatA hai / sAmAnya rUpase vicAra karane para aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki kA~ca yA miTTIkI dAvAtoMkI taraha TUTanekA bhaya na rahe isalie pItala jaisI ghAtukI dAvAteM aura DibbiyA~ hI adhika pasaMda kI jAtI hoNgii| oliyA athavA phAMTiyA grantha likhate samaya likhAIkI paMktiyA~ barAbara sIdhI likhaneke liye tAr3apatra Adike Upara usa z2amAnemeM kyA karate hoMge yaha hama nahIM jAnate, parantu tAr3apatrIya pustakoMkI jA~ca karane para amuka pustakoMke pratyeka pannekI pahalI paMkti syAhI se khIMcI huI dikhAI detI hai / isase aisA sambhava pratIta hotA hai ki pahalI paMktike anusAra anumAnase sIdhI likhAI
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________________ [11 jJAnabhaMDAra para eka daSTipAta likhI jAtI hogii| kAgajake Upara likhe hue kucha granthoMmeM bhI UparakI pahalo lakIra syAhIse svIMcI huI dIkha par3atI hai| isa parase aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki jabataka 'oliyA' jaise sAdhanakI zodha nahIM huI hogI athavA vaha jabataka vyApaka nahIM huA hogA tabataka uparyukta tarIkese athavA usase milate-julate kisI dUsare tarIkese kAma liyA jAtA hogaa| parantu grantha lekhanake liye kAgaz2a vyApaka banane para likhAI saralatAse sIdhI likhI jA sake isaliye 'oliyA' banAnemeM AyA / yaha 'oliyA' gattA athavA lakar3okI patalI paTTImeM samAntara surAkha karake aura unameM dhAgA pirokara usapara - dhAgA idhara udhara na ho jAya isaliye-leSa (goMda jaise cikane ) dravya lagAkara banAyA jAtA thA / isa tarIkese taiyAra hue oliyeke Upara pannA rakhakara ekake bAda dUsarI, isa taraha samUcI paMkti para u~galIse dabAkara lakIra khIMcI jAtI thii| lakIra khIMcaneke isa sAdhanako 'oliyo' athavA 'phA~TiyA' kahate haiN| gujarAta aura mAravAr3ake lahie Aja bhI isa sAdhanakA vyApaka rUpase upayoga karate haiN| isa sAdhana dvArA taha lagAkara khIMcI huI lakIreM prArambhameM Ajakalake voTarakalarakI lakIroMvAle kAgaz2akI lakIra jaisI dikhAI detI haiM, parantu pustaka bA~dhane para tathA taha baiTha jAne para likhAvaTa svAbhAvikasI dIkha par3atI hai / __jujavala aura prAkAra - pannoMke Upara athavA yaMtrapaTa AdimeM lakIreM khIMcaneke liye yadi kamakA upayoga kiyA jAya to usakI bArIka noka thor3I hI derameM kU~cI jaisI ho jAya / isaliye hamAre yahA~ prAcIna samayameM lakIreM khIMcaneke liye 'jujavala'kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| isakA agrabhAga cimaTekI taraha do tarapha mor3akara banAyA jAtA hai| isaliye ise 'jujavala' athavA 'jujabala' kahate haiM / yaha kisI-na-kisI dhAtukA banAyA jAtA hai| isI taraha yaMtrapaTAdimeM gola AkRti khIMcaneke liye prAkAra (parakAla, aM0 Compass) bhI banate the| isa prAkArakA lakIra khIMcanekI tarafakA mu~ha jujavalase milatAjulatA hotA hai, jisase gola AkRti khIMcaneke liye usameM syAhI Thahara ske| lipi - jaina jJAnabhANDAragata zAstroMkI lipikI pahacAna kucha vidvAna jaina lipike nAmase karAte haiN| sAmAnyataH lipikA svarUpa prArambhameM eka jaisA hone para bhI samayake pravAhake sAtha vividha svabhAva, vividha deza evaM lipiyoMke samparka aura vibhinna paristhitike kAraNa vaha bhinna bhinna nAmase pahacAnI jAtI hai| yahI siddhAnta jaina-lipike bAremeM bhI lAgU hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, hama bhAratavarSakI pracalita lipiyoMko hI dekheM / yadyapi ye saba eka hI brAhmI lipikI sahodara lar3akiyA~ hai, phira bhI Aja to ve saba sautilI lar3akiyAM jaisI bana gaI haiN| yahI bAta isa samaya pracalita hamArI 1. 'oliyA' yaha nAma saMskRta 'Ali' athavA 'Avali', prAkRta 'olI' aura gujarAtI 'oLa' zabda parase banA hai|
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________________ jJAnAMjali 12] devanAgarI lipiko bhI lAgU hotI hai jo ki hindI, marAThI, brAhmaNa aura jaina Adi aneka vibhAgoMmeM vibhakta ho gaI hai / jaina-lipi bhI lekhanapraNAlIke vaividhyako lekara yatiyoMkI lipi, kharatara gacchakI lipi, mAravAr3I lekhakoMkI lipi, gujarAtI lekhakoMkI lipi Adi aneka vibhAgoMmeM vibhakta hai / aisA hone para bhI vastutaH yaha sArA lipibheda lekhanapraNAlIke hI kAraNa paidA huA hai| bAkI, lipike maulika svarUpakI jise samajha hai usake liye jaina-lipi jaisI koI vastu hI nahIM hai / prasaMgopAtta hama yahA~ para eka OMkAra akSara hI leN| jaina-lipi aura marAThI, hindI Adi lipimeM bhinna bhinna rUpase dikhAI dene vAle isa akSarake bAremeM yadi hama nAgarI lipikA prAcIna svarUpa jAnate hoM to saralatAse samajha sakate hai ki sirpha akSarake maroDameMse hI ye do AkRtibheda paidA hue haiN| vastutaH yaha kucha jaina yA vaidika OMkArakA bheda hI nahIM hai| lipimAlA kI dRSTise aise to aneka udAharaNa hama de sakate haiN| isaliye yadi hama apanI lipimAlAke prAcIna-arvAcIna svarUpa jAna leM to lipibhedakI vicAraNA hamAre sAmane upasthita hI nahIM hotii| jaina granthoM kI lipimeM satrahavIM zatIke anta taka pRSThamAtrA - paDimAtrA aura agramAtrAkA hI upayoga adhika pramANameM huA hai, parantu usake bAda pRSThamAtrAne UrdhvamAtrAkA aura agramAtrAne adhomAtrAkA svarUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| isake pariNAmasvarUpa bAdake z2amAnemeM lipikA svarUpa saMkSipta aura choTA ho gayA / lekhaka athavA lahiyA - apane yahA~ grantha likhanevAle lekhaka athavA lahie kAyastha, brAhmaNa Adi aneka jAtiyoMke hote the| kabhI kabhI to pIr3hI dara pIr3hI unakA yaha avicchinna vyavasAya banA rahatA thaa| ye lekhaka jisa taraha likha sakate the usI taraha prAcIna lipiyA~ bhI vizvasta rUpase par3ha sakate the| lipike pramANa aura sauSThavakI ora unakA bahuta vyavasthita khyAla rahatA thaa| lipikI maror3a yA usakA vinyAsa bhinna bhinna saMskArake anusAra bhinna bhinna rUpa letA thA aura lipike pramANake anusAra AkAra-prakArameM bhI vividhatA hotI thii| koI lekhaka lambe akSara likhate to koI capaTe, jabaki koI gola likhate / koI lekhaka do paMktiyoM ke bIca mArjina kamase kama rakhate to koI adhika rakhate / pichalI do-tIna zatAbdiyoMko bAda kareM to qhAsa karake lipikA pramANa hI bar3A rahatA aura paMktiyoMke Upara-nIcekA mArjina kamase kama rhtaa| ve akSara sthUla bhI likha sakate the aura bArIkase bArIka bhI likha sakate the| lekhakoke vahama bhI aneka prakArake the| jaba kisI kAraNavaza likhate likhate uThanA par3e taba amuka kakSara Ae tabhI likhanA banda karake uThate, anyathA kisI-na-kisI prakArakA nukasAna uThAnA par3atA hai - aisI unameM mAnyatA pracalita thii| jisa taraha amuka vyApArI dUsarekA roz2agAra khUba acchI tarahase calatA ho taba IrSyAvaza use hAni pahu~cAneke upAya karate haiM, usI taraha lahie bhI eka-dUsareke dhandhemeM antarAya DAlaneke liye syAhIkI cAlU dAvAtameM tela DAla dete, jisase kalamake
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________________ jJAnabhaMDA para eka daSTipAta [13 Upara syAhI hI jamane na pAtI aura usake dAg2a kAgaz2a para par3ane lagate / khAsa karake aisA kAma koI koI mAravAr3o lahiye hI karate the kintu aisI pravRttiko kusamAdI - kamInApana hI kahA jAtA thaa| kucha lahie jisa phaTTI para pannA rakhakara pustaka likhate use khaDI rakha karake likhate to kucha Ar3I rakha kara likhate, jaba ki kAzmIrI lahie aise siddhahasta hote the ki panneke nIce phaTTI yA vaisA koI sahArA rakhe binA hI likhate the| adhikatara lahie Ar3I phaTTI rakha kara hI likhate haiM, parantu jodhapUrI lahie phaTTI khar3I rakhakara likhate haiN| unakA mAnanA hai ki "Ar3I pATIse lugAiyAM likheM, maiM to marada hoM sA!" isake atirikta apane dhandheke bAremeM aisI bahutasI bAteM hai jinheM lahie pasanda nahIM karate / ve apanI baiThanekI gaddI para dUsare kisIko baiThane nahIM dete, apanI cAlU dAvAtameM se kisIko syAhI bhI nahIM dete aura apanI cAlU kalama bhI kisIko nahIM dete / lahiyoM ke bAremeM isa tarahakI vividha hakIkatoke sUcaka bahutase subhASita Adi hameM prAcIna granthoMmeM se milate haiM, jo unake guNa-doSa, unake upayogakI vastuoM tathA unake svabhAva AdikA nirdeza karate haiN| jisa taraha lahie grantha likhate the usI taraha jaina sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAe~ bhI sauSThavaparipUrNa lipise zAstra likhate the / jaina sAdhvIyoM dvArA tathA devaprasAda (vi. saM. 1157) jaise zrAvaka athavA sAvade (anumAnataH vikramakI 14vIM zatI), rUpAde Adi zrAvikAoM dvArA likhe gae grantha to yadyapi bahuta hI kama haiM parantu jaina sAdhu evaM jaina AcAryoMke likhe grantha to saikar3okI saMkhyAmeM upalabdha hote haiN| pustakoMke prakAra - prAcIna kAlameM (lagabhaga vikramakI pAMcavI zatIse lekara) pustakoM ke AkAra-prakAra para se unake gaNDIpustaka, muSTipustaka, saMpuTaphalaka, chedapATI jaise nAma die jAte the| ina nAmokA ullekha nizIthabhASya aura usakI cUrNi AdimeM AtA hai / jisa taraha pustakoMke AkAra-prakAra parase unheM uparyukta nAma die gae hai usI taraha bAdake samayameM arthAt pandrahavIM zatIse pustakoMkI likhAIke AkAra-prakAra parase unake vividha nAma par3e haiM; jaise ki zUDa athavA zUDha pustaka, dvipATha pustaka, paMcapATha pustaka, sastabaka pustaka / inake atirikta citrapustaka bhI eka prakArAntara hai / citrapustaka arthAt pustakoM meM khIMce gae citroMkI kalpanA koI na kare / yahA~ para 'citrapustaka' isa nAmase merA Azaya likhAvaTakI paddhatimeM se niSpanna citrase hai / kucha lekhaka likhAIke bIca aisI sAvadhAnIke sAtha jagaha khAlI chor3a dete haiM jisase aneka prakArake caukora, tikona, SaTakoNa, chatra, svastika, agnizikhA, vajra, DamarU, gomUtrikA Adi AkRticitra tathA lekhakake vivakSita granthanAma, gurunAma athavA cAhe jisa vyaktikA nAma yA zloka - gAthA Adi dekhe kiMvA par3he jA sakate haiN| ataH isa prakArake pustakako hama 'riktalipicitrapustaka' isa nAmase pahacAneM to vaha yukta hI hogaa| isI prakAra, Upara kahA usa taraha, lekhaka likhAIke bocameM khAlI jagaha na chor3akara kAlI syAhIse
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________________ 14] jJAnAMjali avicchinna likhI jAtI likhAvaTake bIcameM ke amuka amuka akSara aisI sAvadhAnI aura khUbIse lAla syAhIse jikhate jisase usa likhAvaTameM aneka citrAkRtiyA~, nAma athavA zloka Adi dekhepar3he jA sakate / aisI citrapustakoMko hama 'lipicitrapustaka' ke nAmase pahacAna sakate haiM / isake atirikta 'aMkasthAnacitrapustaka' bhI citrapustakakA eka dUsarA prakArAntara hai| isameM aMkake sthAnameM vividha prANI, vRkSa, mandira AdikI AkRtiyAM banAkara unake bIca patrAMka likhe jAte haiN| citrapustakake aise kitane hI itara prakArAntara haiN| granthasaMzodhana, usake sAdhana tathA cihna Adi jisa taraha granthoMke lekhana tathA usase sambaddha sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA hai usI taraha azuddha likhe hue granthoM ke saMzodhanakI, usase sambaddha sAdhanoMkI aura itara saMketoM kI bhI utanI hI AvazkatA hotI hai| isIliye aise anekAneka prakArake sAdhana evaM saMketa hameM dekhane tathA jAnaneko milate haiN| sAdhana- haratAla Adi - granthoMke saMzodhanake liye kalama AdikI AvazyakatA to hotI hI hai, parantu isake atirikta azuddha aura anAvazyaka adhika akSaroMko miTAneke liye athavA unheM parivartita karaneke liye haratAla, saphedA AdikI aura qhAsa sthAna athavA viSaya AdikI pahacAnake liye lAla raMga, dhAgA AdikI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / tAr3apatrIya pustakoMke z2amAnemeM akSaroMko miTAneke lie haratAla AdikA upayoga nahIM hotA thA, parantu adhika akSaroMko pAnIse miTAkara use aspaSTa kara dete the athavA una akSaroMkI donoM ora 4 2 aisA ulaTA sIdhA gujarAtI nauke jaisA AkAra banAyA jAtA thA aura azuddha akSara yuktise sudhAra lete the / isI prakAra viziSTa sthAna AdikI pahacAnake liye una sthAnoMko gerUse raMga dete the / parantu kAgajakA yuga Aneke bAda yadyapi prArambhameM yaha paddhati cAlU rahI kintu prAyaH turaMta hI saMzodhanameM nirupayogI akSaroM ko miTAne ke liye tathA azuddha akSaroMko parivartita karaneke liye haratAla aura saphedekA upayoga dikhAI detA hai| tUlikA, baTTA, dhAgA- Upara nirdiSTa haratAla Adi lagAneke liye tUlikAkI AvazyakatA par3atI thI tathA haratAla Adike daradarepanako dUra karaneke liye kaur3I Adise use pIsa lete the / tUlikAe~ gilaharIkI dumake vAloMko kabUtara athavA morake paMkhake agale pole bhAgameM pirokara choTI-bar3I jaisI cAhie vaisI hAthase hI banA lI jAtI thI athavA AjakI taraha taiyAra bhI avazya milatI hogii| syAhI Adi ghoMTaneke liye baTTe bhI akoka Adi aneka prakArake pattharake banate the| inake atirikta tAr3apatrIya pranthoMke z2amAnemeM granthake vibhAga athavA viziSTa viSayakI khojameM
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________________ jJAnabhaMDA para eka daSTipAta [15 dikkata yA mahenata na ho isaliye tAr3apatrake khugakhameM dhAgA pirokara aura usake agale hisseko aiMThana lagAkara bAhara dikhAI de isa taraha use rakhate the / saMzodhanake cihna aura saMketa - jisa taraha Adhunika mudraNake yugameM vidvAna granthasampAdaka tathA saMzodhakoMne pUrNavirAma, alpavirAma, praznavirAma, Azcaryadarzaka cihna Adi aneka prakArake cihna - saMketa pasanda kie haiM, usI taraha prAcIna hastalikhita pustakoMke z2amAne meM bhI unake saMzodhaka vidvAnoMne likhita granthomeM vyartha kATa-chA~Ta, dAg2a-dhabbA Adi na ho, Tippana yA paryAyArtha likhe binA vastu spaSTa samajhameM A jAya isake liye aneka prakArake cihna kiMvA saMketa pasaMda kie the, jaise ki - (1) galitapAThadarzaka cihna, (2) galitapAThavibhAgadarzaka cihna, (3) 'kAnA' darzaka cihna, (4) anyAkSaravAcanadarzaka cihna, (5) pAThaparAvRttidarzaka cihna, (6) svarasandhyaMzadarzaka cihna, pAThAntaradarzaka cihna, (8) pAThAnusandhAnadarzaka cihna, (9) padacchedadarzaka cihna, (10) vibhAgadarzaka cihna, (11) ekapadadarzaka cihna, (12) vibhaktivacanadarzaka cihna, (13) Tippanaka(vizeSa noTsa)darzaka cihna, (14) anvapadarzaka cihna, (15) vizeSaNa-vizeSya-sambandhadarzaka cihna aura (16) pUrvapadaparAmarzaka cihna / cihnoMke ye nAma kisI bhI sthAnapara dekhane meM nahIM Ae parantu unake hetuke lakSameM rakhakara maine svayaM hI ina nAmokI AyojanA kI hai| __ grantha-saMrakSaNake sAdhana likhita pustakoMke liye do prakArakI kAMbiyoMkA (saM0 kambikA phuTa jaisI lakar3IkI paTTI) upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / unameM se eka bilakula capaTI hotI thI aura dUsarI hA~sa arthAt Ageke bhAgameM choTese khaDevAlI hotI thii| pahale prakArakI kAMbokA pustaka par3hate samaya u~galIkA pasInA yA mailakA dAg2a usa para na par3e isaliye use panne para rakhakara usa para u~galI rakhane meM kiyA jAtA thA / jisa taraha Aja bhI kucha safAIpasaMda aura vivekI puruSa pustaka par3hate samaya u~galIke nIce kAgaz2a vagairaha rakhakara par3hate haiM ThIka usI taraha pahale prakArakI kAMbIkA upayoga hotA thaa| dUsarI tarahakI kAMbIkA upayoga panneke eka sirese dUsare sire taka yA yaMtrAdike Alekhanake samaya lakIreM khIMcaneke liye kiyA jAtA thA / kambikAke upayogakI bhA~ti hI pustaka mur3a na jAya, bigar3a na jAya, usake panne ur3a na jAya, varSAkAlameM namI na lage - isa tarahakI granthakI surakSitatAke liye kavalI ( kapar3ese mar3hI huI choTI aura patalI caTAI), pAThe arthAt puDhe, vastraveSTana, Dibbe AdikA bhI upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / pAThe aura Dibbe nirupayogI kAgaz2okI lugadImeMse athavA kAgaz2oko eka dUsareke sAtha cipakAkara banAe jAte the| pAThe aura DibboMko sAmAnyataH camar3e yA kapar3e Adi se mar3ha liyA jAtA thA athavA unheM bhinna bhinna prakArake raMgoMse raMga lete the| kabhI kabhI to una para latA Adike citra aura
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________________ 16] jJAnAMjali tIrthaMkara Adike jIvanaprasaMga yA anya aitihAsika prasaMga vagairahakA Alekhana kiyA jAtA thA / yaha bAta to kAgaz2a kI pustakoMke bAremeM huI / tAr3apatrIya grantha Adike saMrakSaNa ke liye aneka prakArako kalApUrNa citrapaTTikAe~ banAI jAtI thii| unameM sundara sundaratama belabUTe, vividha prANI, prAkRtika vana, sarovara Adike dRzya, tIrthaMkara evaM AcArya Adike jIvanaprasaMga AdikA citraNa hotA thA / isake liye bhI vastrake veSTana tathA Dibbe banAe jAte the aura unameM jIva-jantu na par3e isaliye asagandha (saM0 azvagandha) ke cUrNakI vastrapoDalikAe~- kapar3e kI poTaliyA~ - rakhI jAtI thIM / granthasaMgrahoM para caumAsemeM namI aura uSNakAlameM garamIkI asara na ho tathA dImaka Adi pustakabhakSaka jantuoM kA upadrava na ho isaliye unake lAyaka sthAna hone cAhie / aise atyanta surakSita, sugupta evaM AdarzarUpa mAnA jA sake aisA eka mAtra sthAna jesalamera ke kileke mandirameM bacA huA hai / isameM vahA~kA zrIjinabhadrasUrikA jJAnabhANDAra surakSita rUpameM rakhA gayA hai| chaha sau varSoMse calA AtA yaha sthAna jainamandira meM Ae hue bhUmigRha - tahakhAne ke rUpameM hai| chaha sau varSa bIta jAne para bhI isameM dImaka Adi jIva-jantuoMkA tathA sardI- garamIkA kabhI bhI saMcAra nahIM huA hai / yaha to hamArI kalpanA meM bhI ekadama nahIM A sakatA ki usa z2amAneke kArIgaroMne isa sthAnakI tahameM kisa taraha ke rAsAyanika padArtha DAle hoMge jisase yaha sthAna aura isameM rakhe gae grantha abataka surakSita raha sake haiM / jJAnabhANDAroM ke makAna jisa taraha surakSita banAe jAte the usI taraha rAjakIya viplavake yugameM ye makAna sugupta bhI rakhe jAte the / jesalamera ke kilekA uparyukta sthAna nirupadrava, surakSita evaM sugupta sthAna hai / isake bhItara ke tIsare tahakhAne meM jJAnabhANDAra rakhA gayA hai| aura usakA daravAjA itanA choTA hai ki koI bhI vyakti nIce jhukakara hI isameM praviSTa ho sakatA hai / isa daravAjeko banda karaneke liye sTIlakA Dhakkana banAyA gayA hai aura viplavake prasaMga para isake mu~hako barAbara Dha~ka deneke liye caurasa patthara bhI taiyAra rakhA hai jo isa samaya bhI vahA~ vidyamAna hai / isake bAdake do daravAjoM ke liye bhI banda karanekI koI vyavasthA avazya rahI hogI parantu Aja usakA koI avazeSa hamAre sAmane nahIM hai / tahakhAne meM nIce utaraneke rAsteke mukhake liye aisI vyavasthA kI gaI hai ki viplavake avasara para use bhI bar3e bhArI pahAr3I patthara se isa taraha DhA~ka diyA jAya jisase kisIko kalpanA bhI na A sake ki isa sthAnameM koI cIz2a chipA rakhI hai| tahaqhAneke mu~hako Dha~kanekA uparyukta mahAkAya patthara isa samaya bhI vahA~ maujUda hai / jisa taraha jJAnasaMgrahoM ko surakSita rakhaneke lie makAna banAe jAte the usI taraha una bhaNDAroM ko rakhane ke liye lakar3I yA pattharakI bar3I bar3I majUsA (saM. maMjUSA = peTI) yA alamAriyA~ banAnemeM AtI thIM / prAcIna jJAnabhANDAroke jo thor3e-bahuta sthAna Ajataka dekhane meM Ae haiM unameM adhikAMzataH majUsA hI dekhanemeM AI haiM / pustakeM nikAlane tathA rakhanekI suvidhA evaM
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________________ jJAnabhAMDA para eka daSTipAta [17 unakI surakSitatA alamAriyoMmeM hone para bhI majUsA hI adhika dikhAI detI haiM / isakA kAraNa unakI maz2abUtI aura viplavake samaya tathA dUsare cAhe jisa avasara para unake sthAnAntara saMcAraNa kI saralatA hI ho sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina majUsoko pahie bhI lagAe jAte the| yaha bAta cAhe jaisI ho, paraMtu grantha-saMgrahakI surakSitatA aura lene-rakhanekI suvidhA to UrdhvamahAmaMjUSA arthAt alamArImeM hI hai| jesalamerake tahaqhAnemeM lakar3I evaM pattharakI majUsAe~ tathA pattharakI alamAriyA~ vidyamAna thIM parantu mere vahA~ jAneke bAda ve saba vahA~se haTA lie gae haiM aura unake sthAnameM vahA~ para sTIlakI alamAriyAM Adi banavAI gaI haiN| hama jaba jesalamera gae taba vahA~kA granthasaMgraha uparyukta majUsAoMmeM rakhaneke badale pattharakI alamAriyoM meM rakhA jAtA thA / bar3I mAravAr3ameM lakar3IkI apekSA patthara sulabha honeke kAraNa hI unakI alamAriyA~ banAI jAtI thii| ataH inakI majabUtI Adike bAremeM kisI bhI prakArake bicArako avakAza hI nahIM hai / jaina zrIsaMghakA lakSya jJAnabhANDAra basAnekI ora jaba kendrita huA taba usake sammukha unake rakSaNakA prazna bhI upasthita huaa| isake praznake samAdhAnake liye dUsare sAdhanoMkI taraha usane eka parva-divasako bhI adhika mahattva diyaa| vaha parva hai jJAnapaMcamI -- kArtika zuklA paMcamIkA dina / samUce varSakI sardI, garamI tathA namI jaisI RtuoM kI vividha asaroMmeMse guz2arI huI zAstrarAziko yadi ulaTa-pulaTa na kiyA jAya to vaha asamayameM hI nAzAbhimukha ho jAya / ataH use bacAne ke liye usako heraphera varSameM eka bAra avazya karanI cAhie jisase unameMkI anekavidha vikRta asara dUra ho aura zAstra kAyamo Arogya-dazAmeM rheN| parantu vizAla jJAnabhANDAroMke ulaTapherakA yaha kAma ekAdha vyaktike liye duSkara aura thakAnevAlA na ho tathA aneka vyaktioMkA sahayoga anAyAsa hI mila sake isaliye isa dharma-parvakI yojanA kI gaI hai| Aja isa dhArmika parvako jo mahattva diyA jAtA hai usake mUlameM pradhAna rUpase to yahI uddeza thA, parantu mAnavasvabhAvake svAbhAvika chichalepana tathA nirudyamopanake kAraNa isakA mUla uddeza vilupta ho gayA hai aura usakA sthAna bAharI dikhAve evaM sthUla kriyAoMne le liyA hai| jJAnabhANDAroM meM upalabdha sAmagrI ye jJAnabhANDAra vividha dRSTise samRddha aura mahattvake haiN| inakI mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki inakA saMgraha yadyapi jainoMne kiyA hai phira bhI ve mAtra jainazAstroMke saMgraha taka hI maryAdita nahIM haiN| unameM jaina-jainetara athavA vaidika-bauddha-jaina, saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, hindI, marAThI, phArasI Adi bhASAoMkA tathA jaina-jainetara RSi-sthavira-AcAryoMke race hue dharmazAstroMke atirikta vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda, alaMkAra, maMtra, taMtra, kalpa, nATya, nATaka, jyotiSa, lakSaNa, Ayurveda, darzana evaM
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________________ 18] jJAnAMjali saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi bhASAke caritra-grantha, rAsa Adi vividha sAhitya vidyamAna hai| saMkSepameM hameM yaha kahanA cAhie ki ina bhANDAroMkA saccA mahattva inakI vyApaka aura vizAla saMgrahadRSTike kAraNa hI hai / jisa taraha ina vizAla bhANDAroMmeM vividha prakArake lekhana-saMzodhana-rakSaNa viSayaka sAdhana evaM saMgraha hai usI prakAra tAr3apatra, kAgaz2a aura kapar3eke Upara kAlI, lAla, sunaharI, rupaharI Adi aneka prakArako syAhIse likhe hue aneka AkAra-prakArake atyanta sundara aura kalApUrNa sacitra-acitra patrAkAra, guTakAkAra kuMDalI-AkAra likhe hue grantha vidyamAna haiN| aneka prakArake sacitra-acitra vijJaptipatra, tIrthayAtrAdike citrapaTa, yaMtrapaTa, vidyApaTa AdikA vizAla saMgraha ina bhANDAromeM hai| jainoMne ina bhANDAroMke saMgraha ke liye hArdika manoyogake sAtha hI sAtha apanI sampatti pAnIkI nAI bahAI hai| isI taraha inake saMrakSaNake liye bhI unhoMne saba zakya upAya kie haiN| isa prakAra jJAnabhANDAra, unameM upalabdha sAmagrI evaM grantharAzi tathA unakI vyavasthA Adike bAremeM hamane saMkSipta varNana yahA~ para kiyA / vizAla evaM vaividhyapUrNa ina grantharatnoMkA parIkSaka samyak upayoga kareM - yahI hamArI Antarika abhilASA hai /