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________________ gopAcala kA eka vismRta mahAkavi-raidhU | DA. rAjArAma jaina bhAratIya-vAGgamaya ke unnayana meM jina vareNya sAdhanA kA pramukha sthala gopAcala (gvAliyara) durga thaa| sAhityakAroM ne athaka parizrama evaM anavarata sAdhanA usane gopAcala kI mahimA kA gAna bar3e hI zraddhAsamanvita karake apanA ullekhya yogadAna kiyA hai, unameM mahAkavi bhAva se vistArapUrvaka kiyA hai| usake sAhitya meM raidhU apanA pramukha sthAna rakhate haiN| unakA avataraNa sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika prasaMgoM meM kaI aise varNana evaM eka aise samaya meM huA thA jaba rAjanItika viSamatAoM zabdAvaliyA~ prApta haiM, jinase yahI siddha hotA hai ki evaM yuddha-vibhISikAoM se jana-jIvana jarjara ho rahA thA, ukta kavi gopAcala kA nivAsI thaa|| talavAroM aura bhAloM kI nirantara bauchAroM se zAnti bhI zAnti kI khoja kara rahI thI, taba raidha ne jana- kAla-nirNaya mAnasa kI vedanA kA anubhava kiyA aura eka lokanAyaka mahAkavi kA janma kaba evaM kisa varSa huA, yaha kavi ke rUpa meM apanI amRtasrotasvinI ko pravAhita jAnakArI bhI abhI taka aprApta hai, kintu kavi ne kiyaa| unakI racanAoM kA viSaya-vavidhya, saMskRta, apanI eka racanA 'sakkosalacarija' kI antya-prazasti prAkRta, apabhraza evaM hindI bhASAoM para asAdhAraNa meM usakA racanA-samApti kAla vi0 saM0 1496 diyA pANDitya, itihAsa evaM saMskRti kA talasparzI jJAna, hai tathA usameM apanI pUrvavartI kaI racanAoM ke ullekha samAja evaM rASTra ko sAhitya, saMgIta, kalA evaM kiye haiM evaM unhIM ullikhita racanAoM kI prazastiyoM rASTra dharma ke prati jAgarUka karane kI kSamatA anyatra meM bhI apanI pUrva-pUrva-racita racanAoM ke ullekha kiye durlabha hai| haiM, jinakI saMkhyA 18 hai| isase vidita hotA hai ki kavi vi0 saM0 1496 ke pUrva hI eka vizAla sAhitya mahAkavi kA nivAsa-sthala kA praNayana kara cukA thA, kyoMki vi0 saM0 1496 ke raidhU ke janmasthAna evaM janmatithi viSayaka spaSTa bAda hI usakI mAtra pA~ca racanAe~ hI prApta haiN| ullekha abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM A sake / kintu isa parvokta 18 graMthoM ke parimANa ko dekhate hae tathA unake tathya ke pracura pramANa upalabdha haiM ki kavi kI sAhitya prathama guru guNakItti bhaTTAraka vi0 saM0 1455 ke 1. dhU-sAhitya kA Alocana smaka parizIlana (DA0 rAjArAma jaina) pR. 44-45 / 2. mukkosalacariu 4/23/1-3 305
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________________ AsapAsa) ke samaya ko dekhane se yaha vidita hotA hai the| bhAratIya vAGgamaya ke itihAsa meM itane vizAla ki kavi kA janmakAla vi0 saM0 1440 ke AsapAsa sAhitya kA praNetA evaM prAyaH sabhI pramukha prAcyahonA caahie| isI prakAra kavi ne apanI racanAoM meM bhASAoM kA jAnakAra anya dUsarA kavi jJAta nahIM gopAcala nareza kIrtisiMha tomara evaM bhaTTAraka zubhacandra hotA / raidhU viracita sAhitya ko vargIkRta sUcI nimna (mAthuragaccha puSkaragaNIya) ke ullekha vistAra ke sAtha prakAra hai :kie haiM, jinakA ki samaya vi0 saM0 1536 ke AsapAsa hai / ina ullekhoM tathA anya tathyoM se yaha spaSTa vidita (ka) carita sAhitya hotA hai ki kavi ukta samaya taka sAhitya sAdhanA karatA (1) harivaMzacariu (14 sandhiyAM evaM 302 rahA aura isa prakAra usakA kula jIvanakAla anumAnataH kaDavaka tathA 14 saMskRta zloka); (2) balahahacariu vi0 saM0 1440 se 1536 ke madhya taka pratIta hotA (11 saM0, 240 kaDavaka evaM 11 saM0 zloka) (3) mehesaracariu (13 saM0, 304 kaDavaka evaM 12 saM. zloka), (4) jasaharacariu (4 saM0, 104 kaDavaka, vaMza-paramparA 4 saM0 zloka); (5) sammaicariu (10 saM0, 246 raidhU-sAhitya kI prazastiyoM meM madhukarI vRtti se. ra kaDavaka evaM 10 saM0 zloka); (6) tisaTTimahAunakI pArivArika-paramparA kA paricaya mila jAtA hai| ra purANapurisaAyAraguNAlaMkAru (50 sandhiyA~, 1357 kaDavaka); (7) sirisirivAlacariu (10 saM0 202 usake anusAra kavi ke pitAmaha kA nAma saMghAdhipa devarAja tathA pitA kA nAma harisiMha thA aura mAtA ___ kaDavaka evaM 10 saM0 zloka); (8) saMtiNAhacariu (sacitra, apUrNa, mAtra ATha sandhiyAM hI prApta haiM); (9) kA nAma thA vijayazrI / raidhU tIna bhAI the-bAhola, mAhaNasiMha evaM raidhU / raidhU kI patnI kA nAma sAvitrI pAsaNAhacariu (7 saM. 137 kaDavaka 7 saM. zloka) (10) thA tathA putra kA nAma udayarAja / ' kavi ne udayarAja jimaMdharacariu (13 saM0, 301 kaDavaka tathA 13 saM0 ke janma ke dina hI apanI 'harivaMzacarita' nAmaka racanA zloka); (11) sukkosalacariu (4 saM0, 74 kar3avaka evaM 4 saM0 zloka); (12) dhaNNakumAracariu (4 saM0, samApta kI thii| 74 kaDavaka evaM 4 saM0 zloka); sAhitya sAdhanA (kha) AcAra evaM siddhAnta sAhitya ____ mahAkavi raidhU kI sAhitya sAdhanA gambhIra vizAla (13) sAvayacariu (6 saM0, 125 kaDavaka); evaM adbhuta rahI hai / unhoMne apane jIvanakAla meM teIsa (14) puNNAsavakahA (13 saM0, 250 kaDavaka), (15) se bhI adhika granthoM kI racanA kI, jinakI bhASA sammattaguNaNihANakavva (4 saM0, 104 kaDavaka), prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI hai| kaI granthoM meM apane (16) appasaMvohakavva (3 saM058, kaDavaka), (17) AzrayadAtAoM ke prati AzIrvacana sUcaka saMskRta siddhantatthasAra (prAkRta bhASA nivaddha-13 aMka evaM zlokoM kI bhI unhoMne racanA kI hai| inheM dekhakara 850 gAthAe~); (19) vittasAra (prAkRta bhASA nibaddha, pratIta hotA hai ki ve saMskRta ke bhI adhikArI vidvAn 6 aMka, evaM 850 gAthAeM); 3. vizeSa ke lie dekhie raidhU sA0 kA A0 pari0 pR0 116-120 4. vahI, pR0 35-40 306
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________________ (ga) adhyAtma evaM anya sAhitya jinameM samakAlIna rAjA, nagaraseTha, pUrvavartI evaM (20) solahakAraNa jayamAlA (27 padya); samakAlIna sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra tathA anya rAjanaitika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika paristhitiyoM para (21) dahalakkhaNajayamAlA (11 padya); (22) bArA sundara prakAza DAlA hai| ina prazastiyoM meM gopAcala bhAvanA (hindI, 37 padya) / / ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa evaM saMskRti kI pracara anya grantha anupalabdha haiN| ukta granthoM meM se kramAMka prAmANika sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai| 8 evaM 9 ke grantha sacitra haiM aura madhyakAlIna citrakalA rAjAoM meM kavi ne samakAlIna tomaravaMzI rAjA ke adbhuta udAharaNa haiM / uparyukta samasta sAhitya DUMgara siMha, kItisiMha evaM pratAparudra cauhAna ke ullekha adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| karate hue unakA vistRta paricaya evaM kAryakalApoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| kavi ke anusAra ukta tInoM raidhU-sAhitya ko vizeSatAe~ prazastiyA~ rAjA zUravIra evaM parAkramI hone ke sAtha-sAtha sarva dharma raidhu-sAhitya kI sarvaprathama vizeSatA usakI samanvayI evaM sAhitya tathA kalA-rasika the| gopAcala vistRta prazastiyA~ haiM / kavi ne apane prAyaH pratyeka grantha durga meM DUMgarasiMha evaM kItisiMha ne rAjya kI ora se ke Adi evaM anta meM vistRta prazastiyA~ aMkita kI haiM, zreSTha mUrtikalA ke vizeSajJoM ko nimantrita kara lagAtAra pisAbasamARRIISTRvidimiramAlArAmamAyAkArayAmajasvAlA usamayAgAvarudAvAlaTAkAritorikavi mAriyAsarAva bAlasvArAgiribabAnikAyabAyomabAhAmA mANatibadaDavara pAlAmAmAHiETrAjabipicha kakSA jasaharacariu (mausamAvAda prati); sandarbha- rAjA yazodhara apane manoraMjana graha meM 5. sacitra granthoM ke paricaya kI jAnakArI hetu hamAre dvArA likhita vistRta nibandhoM ke lie dekhie-jaina siddhAnta bhAskara (ArA) 25/2/62-69 (sacitra jasaharacariu ke lie) anusandhAna-patrikA (jana0. mArca) 1973) pravezAMka pR0 50-57, (sacitra pAsaNAhacaritra ke lie) tathA ra idhU sA0 kA A0 pari0 pRSTha 551-552 (sacitra satiNAha cariu ke lie)| 6. raidhU sA0 kA A0 pari0 pR0 95-116 307
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________________ 33 varSoM taka jainamUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| longer and smaller size. On the south rart janarala kaniMghama ne ukta mUrtikalA se prabhAvita hokara of it is a large size which may be about 40 likhA hai feet in height. These figures are perfectly naked without even a rag to cover the The (Jaina) Rock Sculptures of parts of generation. Adiva is for from Gwalior are unique in Northern India as being being a mean place on the contarary, it is well for their number as for their gigantic extremely pleasant. The greatee fault size. consists in the idol figures all about it. I directed these idols to be destroyed." prastuta prasaMga meM suprasiddha itihAsakAra zrI hemacandra rAya kA nimnakathana bhI atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiM : raidhU ke anusAra pratAparudra cauhAna candravADapaTTana kA rAjA thA, jisane apane parAkrama se muslima ___He (Dungar Singh) was a great patron AkrAntAoM ke chanake chur3A diye the aura apanA rAjya of the Jaina faith and held the Jainas in high esteem. During his eventful reign, the work vistAra kiyA thA / usake rAjya meM sabhI dharmoM ke of carving Jaina images on the rocks of the loga saumanasya evaM sauhArdapUrvaka nivAsa karate the| Fort of Gwalior was taken in hand; it was rAjya kI samRddhi aTUTa thI / pratAparudra ke eka amAtya brought to completion during the reigm of kunthUdAsa ne candravADapaTTana meM hIre, motI, mANikya his successor Raja Karni Singh (or Kirti Adi kI kaI sandara jainamatiyA~ banavAkara baDe hI Singh). All around the base of the Fort, ___ samAroha ke sAtha unakI pratiSThA karAI thii| .. the magnificent Statues of the Jaina pontiffs antiquity gaze from their tall niches like mighty Guardians of the great Fort and its raidhU-sAhitya kI prazastiyoM ke anusAra gopAcala surrounding landscape. Babur was much evaM candravADapaTTana meM sAhityakA kA sammAna rAjya annoyed by these rock-sculptures as to issue ke sarvazreSTha sammAnoM meM zreSThatama mAnA jAtA thaa| orders for their destruction in 1557 A. D. raidhU ne jaba gopAcala meM 'samma saguNaNihANaka bva' nAmaka apanA kAvyagrantha samApta kiyA thA, taba kavi ko ukta samrATa bAbara ke mUrti tor3anevAle ukta Adeza kA grantha ke sAtha hI airAvata ke sadRza sundara hAthI para janarala kanidhama ne aMgrejI anuvAda isa prakAra kiyA hai.-8 virAjamAna karAkara nagara bhara meM ghuma yA gayA thA / 10 ..They have hewn the solid rock of isI prakAra candravADapaTTana meM jaba kavi ne this Adiva and sculptured out of it idols of 'puNNasavakahA' nAmaka grantha kI samApti kI, taba Murry's Northern India. Pages 381-2 8. Murry's Northern India. Pages 3819. puNNAsava kahA 15/6/-11. 10. sammatta guNa0 1/5/6-10. 308 h
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________________ agale hI dina use hAthI para baiThAkara nagara parikramA sAdhana sampanna hone ke kAraNa ye navIna-navIna pratibhAoM karAkara usakA rAjakIya sammAna kiyA gayA thaa|" kI khojakara unheM ekatrita karate the tathA batti Adi dekara unheM sAhitya ke kSetra meM prazikSita karate the / yahI ukta ghaTanAoM se yaha vidita hotA hai ki gopAcala kAraNa hai ki gopAcala meM vi0 saM0 1440 se 1540 evaM candra vADapaTTana kI rAjya paramparAeM Adarza thI aura taka lagabhaga 100 varSoM meM jitanA sAhityika kArya sacamuca hI raidhu dvArA ullikhita ukta tInoM rAjA huA hai, utanA zAyada hI anyatra haA ho| ina sau samrATa azoka evaM rAjarSi kumArapAla kI koTi meM varSoM meM AkrAntAoM dvArA pichale varSoM meM sAhitya kI Ate haiN| jo holiyA~ jalAI gaI thIM, tathA mUttiyoM kA vidhvasa kiyA gayA thA, usakI pUrti kA athaka prayAsa kiyA bhaTTAraka gyaa| raidhU-sAhitya kI prazastiyoM meM kaI bhaTTArakoM ke ullekha milate haiN| ina bhaTTArakoM ne gopAcala meM sadaiva raidhu-prazastiyoM meM ullikhita bhaTTArakoM ko do hI sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika vAtAvaraNa utpanna kara vargoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM -- (1) raidha-parva-bhaTTAraka svastha-samAja ke nirmANa meM amUlya yogadAna kiyA hai| eva (2) ra ighu-samakAlIna bhaTTAraka / pUrvavartI braja evaM bundelI kA jo bhI sAhitya nirmita huA, usake bhaTTArakoM meM devasenagaNi, vimalasena, dharmasena, bhAvasena liye mUla preraNA ina bhaTTArakoM se milI / dhArmika evaM sahastrakIti tathA samakAlIna bhaTTArakoM meM guNakIti sAdhanA ke sAtha-sAtha inameM saMgaThana kI pravRtti bhI yaga:katti pAlha bramha, khemacandra evaM kumArasena ke adabhUta thii| rAjAoM evaM nagaraseThoM ko prabhAvita kara nAmollekha milate haiN| ye sabhI bhaTaTAraka kASThAsaMgha unase Arthika sahAyatA lene meM bhI ye paTa the / ata: mAthuragaccha evaM puSkaragaNa zAkhA se sambandha rakhate haiN| TARANmAsamakSA samAnArAmanAra pakAra pani jasaharacariu; sandarbha-rAjA yazodhara apane pramukha matriyoM se gambhIra vicAra vimarza kara rahe haiN| jasaharacariu, maujamAvAda, jayapura prati 11. puNNAsavakahA 13/12/3. 306
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________________ ina sabhI bhaTTArakoM ne sAhitya evaM kalA ke kSetra meM kAMcIsaMdhe mAthurAnvayo puskaragaNa bhaTTAraka zrI gaNakIti mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye / / deva ta pade yatyaHkIrtidevA pratiSThAcArya zrI paMDita radhu tepaM AmAe agrotavaMze modgala gotrAsA / / dhurAtmA bhaTTAraka zubhakIti ne apane guru bhaTTAraka kamala tasya putraH sAdhu bhopA tasyA bhAryA nAlhI / / putra prathama kIti ke Adeza se suvarNagiri (Adhunika sonAgiri, sAdhu kSemasI dvitIya sAdhu mahArAjA tRtIya asarAja jhA~sI) para eka bhaTTArakIya paTTa kI sthApanA kara caturtha dhanapAla paJcama sAghu pAlkA / sAdhu kSemasI svayaM hI usakA kArya saMcAlana kiyA thA tathA use bhAryA norAdevI putra jyeSTha putra bhadhAyi pati kaul..|| prAcyavidyA kA pramukha kendra banAyA thaa| vahAM ke vizAla bha-bhAryA ca jyeSThastrI sarasUtIpUtra mallidAsa dvitIya zAstra bhaNDAroM meM Aja bhI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI apane bhAryA sAdhvIsarA putra candrapAla kSemasIputra dvitIyA sAdhu prakAzana kI rAha dekha rahI hai tathA kaI aitihAsika zrI bhojarAjA bhAryA devasyapatra pUrNapAla / eteSAM gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke lie utkaNThita hai| madhyezrI / / tyAdi jinasaMghAdhipati 'kAlA' sadA praNamati / bhaTTAraka kamalakIti ke eka anyatama ziSya maNDalAcArya zrI ratnakIti ne vi0 saM0 1516 meM ukta lekha meM rekhAMkita pada vicAraNIya haiN| yaha baDavAnI (bAvanagajA-pazcima nimAr3a) sthita 84 phITa to sarvavidita hI hai ki gopAcala (gvAliyara) meM vi0 U~cI AdinAtha tIrtha kara kI mUrti ke AsapAsa eka saM0 1497 meM tomaravaMzI rAjA iMgarasiMha kA rAjya vasati kA jIrNodvAra karAyA thA / 3 ye ullekha vastuta: thaa| unake samaya meM gopAcala kASThAsaMgha mAthurAnvaya bar3e hI mahatvapUrNa haiM aura madhyapradeza ke purAtatva kI evaM puSkaragaNIya bhaTTArakoM kA gar3ha thaa| unameM bhaTTAraka saddhi ke lie amUlya nidhi haiN| guNakIrti ke ziSya yaza.kIti tathA unake ziSya mahAkavi raidhu ne DUMgara siMha ke Agraha se unake durga meM rahakara gopAcala darga meM sthita 57 phITa UMcI AdinAtha hI sAhitya sAdhanA kI thii| mahAkavi ke bAlasakhA evaM kI mUrti para bhI eka lekha aMkita hai / sva. zrI DUgarasiMha ke amAtya kamalasiMha ne durga meM 57 phITa rAjendralAla hAr3A ne kaThora parizrama kara usakA adhyayana U~cI AdinAtha kI mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA thA, kiyA thA, kintu mahAkavi raidhU kRta sammataguNa- jisakI pratiSThA DUgarasiMha kI sahAyatA se kamalasiMha gihANakavva kI Adyaprazasti kA adhyayana evaM mUti ne raidha dvArA karAI thii| lekha se usakI tulanA karane se zrI hAr3A kA adhyayana paryApta bhramapUrNa siddha hotA hai| unake paThanAnusAra mati ukta vaktavya ke rekhAMkita padoM kI, mUrtilekha ke lekha nimna prakAra hai rekhAMkita padoM se tulanA karane para saMgati ThIka hI baiTha jAtI hai| ukta saMgati kA mUlAdhAra raidhu kRta zrI AdinAthAyanamaH / saMvat 1497 varSe vaizASa 'sammattaguNaNihANakavva' hI hai, jise raidhU ne kamalasiMha 7 ke punarvasunakSa ne zrI 'gopAcala durge' ke Azraya meM rahakara usake svAdhyAya hetu taiyAra kiyA mahArAjAdhirAja zrI Duga..." saMvartamAno zrI thA tathA usane usakI prazasti meM kamalasiMha kA vaMzavRkSa, 12. vizeSa ke lie dekhie raidhU, sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana pR0 69-83. 13. de0 bar3avAnI bhittilekha. 310
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________________ DUMgara siMha kA vistRta varNana evaM gopAcala kI rAjanaitika evaM sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM kA sundara citra khIMcA hai| mUrtilekha meM aMkita sAmagrI nimna prazasti meM dRSTavya hai : *--- gopAcala DuMgararAya rajji / siva UsaiNA vihiya kajji || tahi Niva sammAneM tosiyaMgu / buha~ bihiu jaM Nicya saMgu // karuNAvallI vaNa-dhavala- kaMdu | siriaravAla-kula- kumuya caMdu // siri bhoSANAmeM huvau sAhu | saMpatta jeNa dhammeM jilAhu || tahu NAlhAhI NAmeNa bhajja / aisAvahANa sA puNNakajja || tahuNaMdaNa cAri guNoha vAsa / sasiNiha jasabhara pUriya disAsa // masIhu pasiddhau mahi garichu / maharAju mahAmai tahu kaNiTTu | asarAja duhiya jaNa Asakara / pAlhA kula-kamala- viyAsa suru || ehu garuvau jo khemasIhu / varNiyau eccha bhavabhamaNa vIhu || tahu NiurAde bhAmiNi utta / guru deva saccha-paya-kamala- bhatta || tahi uvari uvaNNa viNiNaputta / viSNANa - kalA-guNa-se Ni jutta // par3hamau saMghAviu kamalasIhu / jo palu mahIyala sivasamIhu || NAmeNa sarAsai tahu kalatta / vII ji sasipiya pAya bhatta // cauviha dANeM pINiya supatta / aNi viraiya jiNaNAhajatta // tahuNadaNu NAmeM mallidAsu / so saMpattau suhagai NivAsu // saMghAhiva kamalahu lahuu bhAu / NAmeNa pasiddhau bhoyarAu || tahu bhAmiNi devai NAma utta / vihu putahi sA sohai sautta || NAmeNa bhaNiu guru caMdaseNu / puNu puNNapAlu lahuvau areNu // ghattA iya pariyaNa juttau ecchaNiru / kamalasIhu saMghAhiva ciraNaMdau || 318 ecchu pasaNu maNu Niya / duhiya jaNa Ai 11 sammata 0 4/35 isa prakAra mahAkavi raidhU ke 'sammataguNaNihANakanya' kI prazasti ko sammukha rakhakara ukta mUrtilekha ke azuddha par3he gaye pAThoM ko saralatA se zuddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / gopAcala ke bhaSThijana raidhU ne apanI prazastiyoM meM prasaMgavaza kaI nagara zreSThiyoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai| inameM se kucha zra eSThijana raithU kI kavitvazakti se atyanta prabhAvita hokara unheM apanA guru mAnakara calate the tathA ve nirantara hI apane svAdhyAya hetu unase kAvyagrantha likhane kA AgrahabharA nivedana kiyA karate the / yahA~ do-eka udAharaNa prastuta kara yaha darzAne kA prayAsa kiyA jAyagA ki madhyakAlIna nagara zreSThijana aizvarya aura bhogoM ke bIca rahate hue bhI kitane sAhitya rasika evaM sAhityakAroM ko mukuTamaNi ke samAna samajhate the / kavi raidhU ke eka bhakta the - kamalasiMha saMghavI, jo tomara rAjA DUMgarasiMha
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________________ ke amAtya the tathA aizvarya meM kisI bhI rAjA se kama na kAvyarUpI eka bhI sUndara maNi nahIM hai| usake binA the / ve kavi se kahate haiM "he kavivara, zayanAsana, hAthI, merA sArA aizvarya phIkA-phIkA lagatA hai| he kAvyarUpI dhoDe, dhvajA, chatra, camara, sundara-sundara rAniyA~, ratha, ratnoM ke ratnAkara, tuma to mere snehI bAlamitra ho, senA, sonA-cA~dI, dhana-dhAnya, bhavana, sampatti, koSa, tumhIM hamAre sacce puNya-sahAyaka ho / mere mana kI icchA nagara, deza, grAma, bandhu-bAndhava, sundara santAna, putra, ko pUrNa karanevAle ho / isa nagara meM bahuta se vidvajjana bhAI, Adi sabhI mujhe upalabdha haiN| saubhAgya se kisI rahate haiM, kintu mujhe Apa jaisA koI bhI anya sukavi bhI prakAra kI bhautika-sAmagrI kI mujhe kamI nahIM, kintu nahIM dikhatA / ata: he kavizreSTha, maiM apane hRdaya kI itanA saba hone para bhI eka vastu kA abhAva mujhe gA~Tha kholakara Apase saca-saca kaha rahA hai ki Apa mere nirantara khaTakatA rahatA hai, aura vaha yaha ki mere pAsa nimitta eka kAvya kI racanA kara mujha para apanI mahatI mogarAyA DAyanAsvAda malanasAvakalATAvaDAmAzayamAnatA bhAvAnIgAdAsara milA kimaDAniyAvAsAdAyaka janAvarAmavAsanA kavanapaddhAmAyAvatI topidaasaan| RE bnggaalocnaa smaajer ei rAvikamA sAzrayA sarakArAlakAlA jabAmAlAmAlavASIS raIdhUkRta pAsaNAha cariu pratilipi kAla-vi0 sa0 1493 sandarbha-rAjA aravinda apane mantrI vAyabhUti se usake bhAI kamaTha ke caritra ke viSaya meM pacha rahA hai tathA kamaTha ko tatkAla hI deza nirvAsana kI salAha kara rahA hai| 312
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________________ kRpA kIjie 1214 kavi raidhU ne kamalasiMha kI yaha mArmika prArthanA svIkAra kara usake nimitta 'sammataguNaNihANakavva' nAmaka eka kAvya grantha kI racanA karadI / mahAkavi kA eka dUsarA bhakta thA harisiMha sAhU | usakI tIvra icchA thI ki usakA nAma candra vimAna meM likhA jAya / ataH vaha kavi se nivedana karatA hai - "hai mitra, mujha para anurAgI banakara merI vinatI suna lIjie evaM mere dvArA icchita 'balabhadra carita' nAmaka racanA likhakara merA nAma candra - vimAna meM aMkita karA dIjie / " harisiMha kI yaha prArthanA sunakara kavi ne kaI kAraNoM se apanI asamarthatA vyakta karate hue tathA 'balabhadra carita' kI vizAlatA kA anubhava karate hue uttara diyA : ghaNaeNa bharai ko uvahi-tou / ko phaNi- siramaNi payaDai viNou / / paMcANaNa- muhi ko khivai hatthu / viNu sutteM mahi ko rayai batthu // viNu-buddhie taha~ kavvahaM pasAru / virapitu gacchami kema pAru // balabhadra0 1/4/1.4 arthAt - "he bhAI, balabhadra-carita kA likhanA sarala kArya nahIM / usake likhane ke lie mahAn sAdhanA, kSamatA evaM zakti kI AvazyakatA hai / Apa hI batAiye ki bhalA ghar3e meM samasta samudra jala ko koI bhara sakatA hai ? sA~pa ke sira se maNi ko koI le sakatA hai ? prajjvalita paMcAgni meM koI apanA hAtha DAla sakatA hai ? 14. sammataguNa 0 1 / 15/1-6. 15. balahaddacariu 1 /4/6-12, 16. balahadda0 1 /5 / 5-6. binA dhAge se ratnoM kI mAlA koI gUMtha sakatA hai ? binA buddhi ke isa vizAla kAvya kI racanA karane meM maiM kaise pAra pA sakUMgA ?" ukta prakAra se uttara dekara kavi ne sAhU kI bAta ko sambhavataH TAla denA cAhA, kintu sAhU bar3A catura thA / ata: aise avasara para usane vaNikbuddhi se kArya kiyA / usane kavi ko apanI pUrva maMtrI kA smaraNa dilAte hue kahA: " kavivara, Apa to nirdoSa kAvya racanA meM dhurandhara haiM, zAstrArtha Adi meM nipuNa haiM, Apake zrI mukha meM to sarasvatI kA vAsa hai / Apa kAvyapraNayana meM pUrNa samartha haiM, ataH icchita - grantha kI racanA avazya hI karane kI kRpA kIjie / 18 antataH kavi ne ukta grantha kI racanA karadI | dhU- sAhitya meM varNita gopAcala dhU- sAhitya meM gopAcala kA bar3A hI samRddha varNana milatA hai / kavi ne usakI upamA svargapurI, indrapurI, evaM kuberapurI se dI hai, kintu pratIta hotA hai ki use isa tulanA se bhI santoSa nahIM hai, kyoMki eka santakahAkavi kI dRSTi meM jJAna evaM gurU hI sarvopari hote haiM, bhautika samRddhi to unake samakSa nagaNya hai / ataH vaha gopAcala ko 'nagaroM kA gurU' athavA 'paNDita' ghoSita karatA hai / vaha kahatA hai: 313 mahivIr3hi pahANau NaM girirANau~ / suraha vimaNi vibhau jaNiu~ // kausIsaha maMDiu NaM ihu / paMDiu govAyalu NAmeM bhaNiu~ //
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________________ pAsa0 1/2/15-16 vahI 1/3/17-18 arthAt "pRthvI-maNDala meM pradhAna, girirAja (sumeru) arthAt "sukha-samRddhi evaM yaza ke lie vaha gopAcala ke samAna vizAla, devatAoM ke mana meM bhI vismaya utpanna ratnAkara ke samAna Akara thA, budhajanoM ke samUhoM se karanevAlA, bhavana-zikharoM se maNDita tathA pRthvI-maNDala yukta vaha nagara mAnoM indrapurI hI thA / zAstrArthoM se ke zreSTha paNDita ke samAna gopAcala nAmaka eka nagara suzobhita tathA jana-mana ko AkarSita karanevAle sarvakahA gayA hai|" zreSTha nagaroM kA mAnoM yaha gUrU hI thaa|" suhalacchi jasayaru Na rynnaavru| buhayaNa juhu NaM iMdauru // satthatthahi~ sohiu jaNa maNu / mohiu NaM varaNayaraha~ ehu guru // vahA~ ke sAmAjika-jIvana kA bhI vaha sundara varNana karatA hai / kavi ke anusAra vahA~ ke AbAla-vRddha, naranArI durvyasanoM se kosoM dUra the / prAtaHkAlIna kriyAoM se nivRtta hokara vahA~ kI nAriyA~ sundara vastra dhAraNakara Youmya yadImAvavidaTAkiyasamAzopAlapAdisamakSayamAsajamadhamAnAbhATa puniyAgAsAlAnata midevAnAmavikAsajasTarakA kalAyatitaravirahiTakA mAmilAvarapharAdizAtihamAmAlinAla yaamaanaa| AyusamAyadAcaTakAdirahArASTra sAmAgarAerasammAna simAkamAnavirakAmAvaliyama masAmanyADammuitAEiRMER sadasyamalAladiyA yAtANamimAyAlAdiminAra salAdamAsamAsa vAyaramAdArAmAzAho riyAriyAra payayAlA jisavanAdivAkaramavyayAvariyAvAdamanasAyaba mAnATAva ralAnAmAMkiyAdharahA A THX303005014 MAR yadhuraskAyarmalarasivanAsAyami ekatAlApamAnAmAbajAyakamekAvarasApaTAbadAkalyAsaNavAmamAraNa nikAAdAmanamAvimaramAnAyanAmAkramAyabhAyAtakA vasaramamitinAlijamAvAdapaniyAdanAsAvatAmAruna vamAnAlAniyatAmibiyAmA bARATHIsavAma navamagAdAsAsArAmamanana MERMImadrAzayayarivAra mAdaramAnAmA mApadApabhiyAyAmAhAsAbhApAyasadapAnaDAdhamaTamabANa RIENHERINTEmmAmApAsasvAranapAekamArAmAnamA watertaMENTARhilAlamAyAkaASES NROOMINDIANAmastAnAsana INEERRORICRORTHARTRENDER HAMITR A HMANTRAST R ITERATANI mahAkavi raIdhakRta apabhraza kA eka adyAvadhi aprakAzita durlabha grantha, "nisaTThi mahApurANapurisa AyAda guNAlaMkAra'' ke antima pRSTha kI phoTo kApI 314
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________________ pavitra mana se prabhAtI-gIta gAtI huI jaba devAlayoM kI jiha maimattu gaiMdu Ni raMkusu / ora jAtI thIM, taba nagara kA sArA vAtAvaraNa sAtvika jaM bhAvai taM bolai jiha sisu // evaM dharma-mahimApUrNa ho jAtA thaa| kulavadhueM satpAtroM jAyaMdhu vi jaha maggu Na jANai / ko bhojana karAe binA bhojana nahIM karatI thIM, tathA caudisu dhANamANu duhU mANai / / dIna-dukhI evaM anAthoM ke prati ve nirantara dayAlU rahatI tihi rANau lajjA mellivi / thiiN|17 jaM ruccai taM cavai uvellivi / / ___ eka ora jahA~ raidhU-varNita mahilAeM itanI udAra vahI02/5/8-11 thIM, vahIM dUsarI ora dharma-viruddha kAryoM kA ghora virodha karanevAlI, satsAhasI evaM vIrAMganAe~ bhI vahA~ thiiN| arthAt "jisa prakAra madonmatta hAthI niraMkuza ho kavi ne apane 'sirisiri-vAlakahA' nAmaka grantha meM jAtA hai, usI prakAra hamArA pitA bhI niraMkuza ho gayA ujjayinI kI rAjakumArI mayaNAsundarI kA ullekha hai / ajJAnI baccoM ke samAna hI jo mana meM AtA hai, karate hue batAyA hai ki rAjA prabhUpAla ne kisa prakAra so bolatA hai| jisa prakAra janmAndha vyakti mArga nahIM mayaNAsundarI kI kalA-vidyAoM kI kuzalatA se prasanna jAnatA aura cAroM dizAoM meM daur3atA huA duHkha-bhAjaka hokara use svayaM hI apane yogya vara ke cunAva kara lene banatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra yaha bhI mAna-maryAdA chor3akA Adeza diyA / 18 kintu mayaNAsundarI ise bhAratIya- kara jo mana meM AtA hai, vahI karatA hai aura bolatA paramparA ke viparIta hone ke kAraNa Apattijanaka mAna- hai|" isake bAda vaha apane pitA ko nirbhIkatA ke sAtha kara usakA ghora virodha karatI hai / kavi ne isa prasaga uttara detI huI kahatI hai :kI carcA paryApta vistAra ke sAtha kI hai| pratIta hotA hai ki mayaNAsundarI ke mAdhyama se kavi ne vahA~ ke bho tAya-tAya-pai~ Niru ajuttu / nArI varga ke prati apanI hArdika zraddhAMjaliyA~ arpita kI jaMpiyau Na muNiyau jiNahu suttu / / vara-kuli uvaNNa jA kaNNa hoi / sAlajja Na mellai eccha loya // ukta prasaga ke anusAra pitA ke vivAha sambandhI vAdAvavAu nau juttu tAu / prastAva sunakara mayaNAsundarI vicAra karatI hai : taha~ puNu tua avakhavami NisuNi raau| viha-loya-viruddhau ehu kammu / kulamaggu Na yANai aliyabhAsi / jaM suva saiMvaru NiNhai suchmmu|| niyageha ANai avajasaha-rasirA // pai~ maNa icchai kijjai vivAhu / sirivAla0 2/4/8 to loya suhillau iya pavAhu // arthAt yaha (merA pitA) kula-paramparAoM ko vahI0 2/6/5 jAnatA nahIM, vaha asatyabhASI hai aura aba apane ghara meM arthAt "he pitAjI, Apane jinAgama-sUtroM ke apayazoM ko lA rahA hai| viruddha hI mujhe apane Apa pati ke cunAva kara lene kA 17. sammattaguNa. 1/4. 18. sirivAla. 2/4/5. 315
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________________ Adeza diyA hai / kintu jo kanyAeM kulIna hotI haiM, ve kabhI bhI aisA nirlajjatA kA kArya nahIM kara sktiiN| he pitAjI, isa viSaya meM maiM vAda-vivAda nahIM karanA cAhatI / isalie, merI prArthanA dhyAnapUrvaka suneM / ApakA yaha kArya loka - viruddha hogA ki ApakI kanyA svayaMvara karake apane pati kA nirvAcana kare / ataH mujhase kahe binA hI ApakI icchA jahA~ ho, vahIM para merA vivAha kara deM...... bharata vAkya -sAhitya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usake prAyaH sabhI granthoM meM vistRta bharata - vAkya bhI upalabdha hote haiM / unake mUla meM kavi ke antas kA ujjvala rUpa hI pratibhASita hotA hai / kavi hRdaya lokamaMgala kI kAmanA se otaprota hai / usakI abhilASA hai ki rAjA kalyANamitra bane, prajA use apanA pitA samajhe, rAjA bhI use apanI santati ke samAna sneha kare / samasta AdhiyA~ evaM vyAdhiyA~ naSTa hoM / Rtue~ samayAnusAra suphala deN| sarvatra sukha-santoSa evaM zAnti kA sAmrAjya ho / kavi kahatA hai : Nikhaddau Nivasau sayaludesu / payapAlau dau puNu Nare // jiNaMsAsaNu gaMdau dosamukku / muNigaNa NaMdau tahi~ visaya cukku // da sAvayayaNa galiyapAva / jeNisunahiM jIvAjIva bhAva || gaMdau mahi Nirasiya asuhukammu / jo jIvadayAvaru paramadham // ghattA maccharamayahINau~ satyapavINau~ / paMDiyayaNu NaMdau suciru // paramuNa gahaNAyaru vayaNiyabhAyaru / jiNapayapayaruha Nabiya siru // 316 pAsa 7/11 arthAt "sampUrNa deza upadravoM se rahita rahe, nareza prajA kA pAlana karatA huA Anandita rahe / jina zAsana phale-phUle / nirdoSa munigaNa viSaya-vAsanA se dUra rahakara Anandita raheM / jo zrAvakagaNa jIva-ajIva Adi padArthoM kA zravaNa karate haiM, be pAparahita hokara Ananda se raheM / " dUsaroM ke guNa grahaNa karanevAle, vrata evaM niyamoM kA AcaraNa karanevAle, mAtsarya mada se rahita evaM zAstra meM pravINa paNDitagaNa cirakAla taka Ananda kareM evaM sabhI jana jinendra ke caraNa-kamaloM meM nata mastaka rahaiM / " s - sAhitya meM prayukta Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke zabda mahAkavi raghu yadyapi mUlataH apabhraMza kavi haiM kintu unake sAhitya meM aisI zabdAvaliyAM bhI prayukta haiM jo Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kI zabdAvaliyoM se samakakSatA rakhatI haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa yahA~ kucha zabdoM ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai : :-- TopI ( jasahara 1 /5 / 7), Dhora (appa0 1 /4/2), coju (Azcarya, sukko0 1 /6/3), sAlA - sAlI (appa0 3/4 / 2), rasoi ( sukko 0 4 / 5) gaDDI = gAr3I, ( ghaNNa0 2 / 7 ), gAlI ( appa 0 1 / 8 ), jaMgala ( appa 0 2 / 3 / 1 ), poTalI ( ghaNNa0 2/6/4), vukkaDa = bakarA - dhaNNa0 2/7/5), thaTTa = bhIr3a sammai0 1/17/4- khaTTa = khATa - dhaNNa0 2 / 14 / 8 - sutta - sUtanA = sonA, 3/15/3), paTavArI ( dhaNNa0 4/20/5), vakkala = bakalA= * chilakA - sukko 0 2/5/12), Dhilla = DhIlA - appa0 1 / 12 / 6), purAnA (appa0 1 / 19 / 3), jhUThe = jhagar3e ( appa0 1 / 20 / 5 ), aMgochA = dhotI, ( sammatta0 5 / 10 / 13 ) muggadAli = mUMga dhaNNa 0
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________________ kI dAla (harivaMza0 4/7/8), paur3A gannA, (pAsa0 dIpa ko prajjvalita kara mA~ bhAratI ke zrIcaraNoM ko 6/1/6) laigau=legayA (appa0 3-8-10) mAmA Alokita kiyA hai / usane vividha AkramaNoM se jarjara mAmA (haribaMsa0 4/8/6), kappar3a= kapar3A (appa0 mAlavabhUmi ke girate gaurava ko apanI samartha-lekhanI se 1/12/5), paija =pratijJA, (pRNNa0 3/4/7), kukura unnatakara usake pada ko punaH pratiSThita kiyA hai tathA puNNA0 (12/25/11) khAjA (puNNA0 1/10/5) andhakAra meM vilIna hote hue usake kaI aitihAsika aMthau = sUryAsta pUrva kA bhojana, (puNNA0 12/3/4) tathyoM ko apanI prazastiyoM ke mAdhyama se prakAzita cullU (puNNA0 1/14/7), sA~kala (puNNA0 1/3/4), kiyA hai| niHssandeha hI raidhU-sAhitya mAlava pradeza kA mola (puNNA 5/1/10), dehalI (puNNA0 8/2/8), galA hI nahIM samagra bhAratIya-vAGgamaya kA bhI eka svarNima (puSNA0 13/4/12), talavara=kotavAla, (pugNA0 adhyAya hai| usane zikSA jagat kA mahAn upakAra kiyA 9/7/10) Adi aise zabda haiM, jo Aja bhI bundelI, hai| ataH gopAcala ke isa vareNya kavi ke aprakAzita baghelI, braja, bhojapUrI, avadhI evaM paMjAbI meM prayukta sAhitya ko prakAzadAna dene se hI ma0pra0 usake RNoM hote haiN| se uRNa ho sakegA aura isI prakAra raidhU ke prati racanAtmaka samartha zraddhAMjaliyA~ bhI samarpita kI jA raidhU sAhitya kA mahatva skeNgii| isa prakAra mahAkavi raidhU ne vividha bhASAoM evaM sAhityika-zailiyoM meM eka vizAla sAhitya rUpI bhAskara 00