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________________ dRSTAntAbhAsa parArtha anumAna prasaGga meM hetvAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa bahuta prAcIna hai| kaNAdasUtra ( 3.1.15 ) aura nyAyasUtra'11. 2. 4-6) meM vaha spaSTa evaM vistRta hai / para dRSTAntAbhAsa kA nirUpaNa utanA prAcIna nahIM jAna pdd'taa| agara dRSTAntAbhAsa kA vicAra bhI hetvAbhAsa jitanA hI purAtana hotA to usakA sUcana kaNAda yA nyAyasUtra meM thor3A bahuta jarUra pAyA jaataa| jo kucha ho itanA to.nizcita hai ki hetvAbhAsa kI kalpanA ke Upara se hI pIche se kabhI dRSTAntAbhAsa, pakSAbhAsa zrAdi kI kalpanA huI aura unakA nirUpaNa hone lgaa| yaha nirUpaNa pahile vaidika tArkikoM ne zurU kiyA yA bauddha tArkiko ne, isa viSaya meM abhI kucha bhI nizcita kahA nahIM jA sktaa| diGanAg2a ke mAne jAnevAle nyAyapradeza meM pA~ca sAdharmya aura pA~ca vaidharmya aise dasa dRSTAntAbhAsa haiM / yadyapi mukhyatayA pA~ca-pA~ca aise do vibhAga usameM haiM tathApi ubhayAsiddha nAmaka dRSTAntAmAsa ke avAntara do prakAra bhI usameM kiye gae haiM 'jisase vastutaH nyAyapraveza ke anusAra chaH sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa aura chaH vaidharmya dRSTAntAmAsa phalita hote haiM / prazastapAda ne bhI inhIM chaH-chaH sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| nyAyapraveza aura prarAstapAda ke nirUpaNa meM udAharaNa aura bhAva eka se hI haiM alabattA donoM ke nAmakaraNa meM antara avazya hai / prazastapAda dRSTAntAbhAsa zabda ke badale nidarzanAbhAsa zabda kA 1 'dRSTAntAbhAso dvividhaH sAdhamryeNa vaidhamryeNa ca......tatra sAdhayeNa... tadyathA sAdhanadharmAsiddhaH sAdhyadharmAsiddhaH ubhayadharmAsiddhaH ananvayaH viparItAnvayazceti |.....vaidhn'nnaapi dRSTAntAmAsaH paJcaprakAraH tadyathA sAdhyAvyAvRttaH sAdhanAvyAvRttaH ubhayAvyAvRttaH avyatireka: viparItavyatirekazceti.............' -nyAyapra0 pR0 5-6 / 2 'anena nidarzanAbhAsA nirastA bhavanti / tadyathA nityaH zabdo'mUrtatvAt . yadamUrtaM dRSTaM tannityam yathA paramANuryathA karma yathA sthAlI yathA tamaH ambaravaditi yada dravyaM tat kriyAvada dRSTamiti ca liGgAnumeyobhayAzrayAsiddhAnanugataviparItAnugatAH saadhrmynidrshnaabhaasaaH| yadanitya tanmUta dRSTaM yathA karma yathA paramANuryathAkAzaM yathA tamaH ghaTavat yanniSkriyaM tadadravya ceti liGgAnumeyobhayAvyAvRttAzrayAsiddhAvyAvRttaviparItavyAvRttA vaidhaya'nidarzanAbhAsA iti |-prshst0 pR0 247 /
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________________ 205 / prayoga pasanda karate haiM kyoMki unakI abhimata nyAyavAkya paripATI meM udAharaNa kA bodhaka nidarzana zabda AtA hai / isa sAmAnya nAma ke sivAya bhI nyAyapraveza aura prazastapAdagata vizeSa nAmoM meM mAtra paryAya bheda hai mAThara (kA0 5 ) bhI nidarzanAbhAsa zabda hI pasanda karate haiM / jAna par3atA hai ve prazastapAda ke anugAmI haiM / yadyapi prazastapAda ke anusAra nidarzanAbhAsa kI kula saMkhyA bAraha hI hotI haiM aura mAThara dasa saMkhyA kA ullekha karate haiM, para jAna par3atA hai ki isa saMkhyAbheda kA kAraNa - zrAzrayAsiddha nAmaka do sAdharmya - vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa kI mAThara ne vivakSA nahIM kI-- yahI hai / jayanta ne ( nyAyama0 pR0 580 ) nyAyasUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue pUrvavartI bauddha-vaizeSika Adi granthagata dRSTAntabhAsa kA nirUpaNa dekhakara nyAyasUtra meM isa nirUpaNa kI kamI kA anubhava kiyA aura unhoMne nyAyapraveza vAle sabhI dRSTAntAbhAsoM ko lekara apanAyA evaM apane mAnya RSi kI nirUpaNa kamI ko bhAratIya TIkAkAra ziSyoM ke Tana se bhakta ke taura para dUra kiyA / nyAyasAra meM ( pR0 13 ) udAharaNAbhAsa nAma se chaH sAdharmya ke aura chaH vaidharmya ke isa taraha bAraha prabhAsa vahI haiM jo prazastapAda meM haiM / isake sivAya nyAyasAra meM anya ke nAma se cAra sAdharmya ke viSaya meM sandigdha aura cAra vaidharmya ke viSaya meM sandigdha aise ATha sandigdha udAharaNAbhAsa bhI diye haiM' / sandigdha udAharaNAbhAsoM kI sRSTi nyAyapraveza aura prazastapAda ke bAda kI jAna par3atI hai / dharmakIrti ne sAdharmya ke nava aura vaidharmya ke nava aise aThAraha dRSTAntAbhAsa savistara varNana kiye haiM / jAna par3atA hai nyAyasAra meM anya ke nAma se jo sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke cAra-cAra sandigdha udAharaNAbhAsa diye haiM una ATha sandigdha bhedoM kI kisI pUrvavartI paramparA kA saMzodhana karake fi ne sAdharmya aura vaidharmya ke tIna-tIna hI sandigdha dRSTAntAbhAsa rakhe / dRSTAntAbhAsoM kI saMkhyA, udAharaNa aura unake pIche ke sAmpradAyika bhAva ina saba bAtoM meM uttarottara vikAsa hotA gayA jo dharmakIrtti ke bAda bhI cAlU rahA / jaina paramparA meM jahA~ taka mAlUma hai sabase pahile dRSTAntAbhAsa ke nirUpaka siddhasena hI haiM; unhoMne bauddha paramparA ke dRSTAntAbhAsa zabda ko hI cunA na ki 1 'anye tu saMdehadvAreNAparAnaSTA budAharaNa bhAsAnvarNayanti / sandigdhasAdhyaH sandigdhasAdhanaH sandigdhobhayaH sandigdhAzrayaH . sandigdhobhayAvyAvRttaH sandigdhasAdhyAvyAvRttaH ... sandigdhAzrayaH .. . sandigdhasAdhanAvyAvRttaH . / - nyAyasAra pR0 13-14 /
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________________ 206 vaidika paramparA ke nidarzanAbhAsa aura udAharaNAbhAsa zabda ko| siddhasena ne' apane saMkSipta kathana meM saMkhyA kA nirdeza to nahIM kiyA parantu jAna par3atA hai ki ve isa viSaya meM dharmakIrti ke samAna hI nava-nava dRSTAntAbhAsoM ko mAnanevAle haiN| mANikyanandI ne to pUrvavatoM sabhI ke vistAra ko kama karake sAdhaya aura vaidhayaM ke cAra-cAra aise kula pATha hI dRSTAntAmAsa dikhalAe haiM aura (parI0 6. 40-45) kucha udAharaNa bhI badalakara nae race haiN| vAdI devasari ne to udAharaNa dene meM mANikyanandI kA anukaraNa kiyA, para bhedoM kI saMkhyA, nAma zrAdi meM akSarazaH dharmakIrti kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| isa sthala meM vAdI devasUri ne eka bAta naI jarUra kii| vaha yaha ki dharmakIrti ne udAharaNa dene meM jo vaidika RSi evaM jaina tIrthakaroM kA laghutva dikhAyA thA usakA badalA vAdI devasUri ne sambhavita udAharaNoM meM tathAgata buddha kA laghutva dikhAkara pUrNa rUpa se cukaayaa| dharmakIrti ke dvArA apane pUjya puruSoM ke Upara tarkazAstra meM kI gaI coTa ko vAdideva saha na sake, aura usakA badalA tarkazAstra meM hI pratibandI rUpa se cukaayaa| 1 'sAdhayeNAtra dRSTAntadoSA nyaayvidiiritaaH| zrapalakSaNa hetUtyAH sAdhyAdivikalAdayaH // vaidhabhyaNAtra dRSTAntadoSA nyaayvidiiritaaH| sAdhyasAdhanayugmAnAmanivRtezca saMzayAt ||'-nyaay0 24-25 / 2 'yathA nityaH zabdo'mUrtatvAt, karmavat paramANuvad ghaTavaditi sAdhyasAdhana. dhrmobhyviklaaH| tathA sandigdhasAdhyadharmAdayazca, yathA rAgAdimAnayaM vacanAdrathyApuruSavat, maraNadharmA'yaM pura po rAgAdimattvAthyApuruSavat asarvajJo'yaM rAgAdimattvAdradhyApuruSavat iti / anandhayo'pradarzitAnvayazca, yathA yo vaktA sa rAgAdimAniSTapuruSavat, anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavat iti / tathA viparItAnvayaH, yadanityaM tat kRtakamiti / sAdhamryeNa / vaidhayeNApi, paramANuSat karmavadAkAzavaditi sAdhyAdyavyatirekiNaH / tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyatirekAdayaH, yathA'sarvazAH kapilAdayo'nApsA vA, avidyamAnasarvajJatApsatAliGgabhUtapramANAtizayazAsanatyAditi, atra vaidharyodAharaNam , yaH sarvajJaH Aso vA sa jyotirjJAnAdikamupadiSTavAn , tadyatharSabhavardhamAnAdiriti, tatrAsarvajJatAnAptatayoH sAdhyadharmayoH sandigdho vyatirekaH / sandigdhasAdhanavyatireko yathA na trayIvidA AhANena grAhyavacanaH kazcitpuruSo rAgAdimatvAditi, atra vaidharyodAharaNaM ye grAhyavacanA na te rAgAdimantaH tadyathA gautamAdayo dharmazAstrANAM praNetAra iti gautamAdibhyo rAgAdimattvasya sAdhanadharmasya vyAvRttiH sandigdhA / sandigdhomayanyatireko yathA, avItarAgA: kapilAdayaH
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________________ 210 zrA0 hemacandra nAma to pasanda karate haiM dRSTAntAbhAsa, para use udAharaNA parigrahAgrahayogAditi zratra vaidhamryodAharaNam, yo vItarAgo na tasya parigrahAgraho yathAderiti, RSabhAdevItarAgatva parigrahAgrahayogayoH sAdhyasAdhanadharmayoH sandigdho vyatirekaH / zravyatireko yathA vItarAgo vaktRtvAt, vaidhamryodAharaNam, yatrAvItarAgatvaM nAsti na sa vaktA, yathopalagaNDa iti, yadyapyupalakhaNDAdubhayaM vyAvRttaM yo sarvo vItarAgo na vakteti vyAkhyA vyatirekAsiddhekhyatirekaH / padarzitavyatire ko yathA, anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAdAkAzavaditi / viparItavyatire ko yathA, yadakRtakaM tannityaM bhavatIti / nyAyavi0 3. 125-136 | 'tatrA pauruSeyaH zabdo'mUrtatvAd duHkhavaditi sAdhyadharmavikala iti / tasyAmeva pratijJAyAM tasminneva hetau paramANuvaditi sAdhanadharmavikala iti / kalazayaditi ubhayadharmavikala iti / rAgAdimAnayaM vaktRtvAt devadattavaditi sandigdhasAdhyadharmeti / maraNadharmA'yaM rAgAdimattvAnmai travaditi sandigdhasAvanadharmeti / nA'yaM sarvadarzI sarAgatvAnmunivizeSavaditi sandigdhobhayadharmeti / rAgAdimAn vivakSitaH puruSo vaktRtvAdiSTa puruSavaditi zrananvayaH / zranityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAd ghaTavadityapradarzitAnvaya iti / zranityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt yadanityaM tatkRtakaM ghaTavaditi viparItAnvaya iti / vaidhamrmyeNApi / teSu bhrAntamanumAnaM pramANatvAt yatpunarbhrAntiM na bhavati na tatpramANam, yathA svapnajJAnamityasiddhasAdhyavyatirekaH svapnajJAnAt bhrAntatvasyAnivRtteriti / nirvikalpakaM pratyakSaM pramANatvAt, yattu savikalpakaM na tat pramANam, yathA laiGgikamitya siddha sAdhanavyatirekaH laiGgikAlpamANatvasyAnivRtteH / nityAnityaH zabdaH sattvAt yastu na nityAnityaH sa na san tadyathA stambha ityasiddho bhayavyatirekaH, stambhAnnityAnityatvasya cAvyAvRtteriti / sarvajJo'nanto vA kapilaH zrakSaNikAntavAditvAt yaH sarvajJa zrApto vA sa kSaNikAntavAdI yathA sugata iti sandigdhasAdhyavyatirekaH sugate'sarvajJatAnAta tayoH sAdhyadharmayorvyAvRtteH sandehAditi / zranAdeyavacanaH kazcidvivakSitaH puruSo rAgAdimAtyaH punarAdeyavacanaH sa vItarAgaH tadyathA zauddhodaniriti sandigdhasAdhanavyatirekaH zauddhodane rAgAdimattvasya nivRttaH saMzayAditi / na vItarAgaH kavilaH karuNAspadeSvapi paramakRpayA'narcitanijapizitazakalatvAt yastu vItarAgaH sa karuNAspadeSu paramakRpayA samarpitanijapizitaza kalastadyathA tapanabandhuriti sandigdhobhayavyatireka iti tapanabandhau vItarAgatvAbhAvasya karuNAspadeSvapi paramakRpayAnarpitanijapizitazakalatvasya ca vyAvRttaH sandezaditi / na vItarAgaH kazcidvivakSitaH puruSo vaktRtvAt, yaH punarvItarAgo na sa vaktA yathopalakhaNDa ityavyatireka iti /
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________________ 211 bhAsa ke sthAna meM kyoM pasanda kiyA isakA yuktisiddha khulAsA bhI kara dete haiN| dRSTAntAbhAsa ke nirUpaNa meM zrA. hemacandra kI dhyAna dene yogya mahattva kI tIna vizeSatAe~ haiM jo unakI pratibhA ko sUcaka haiM-1-unhoMne sUtraracanA, udAharaNa Adi meM yadyapi dharmakIrti ko Adarza rakhA hai tathApi vAdideva kI taraha pUrA anukaraNa na karake dharmakIrti ke nirUpaNa meM thor3A sA buddhisiddha saMzodhana bhI kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ne ananvaya aura avyatireka aise jo do bheda dikhAe haiM unako zrA. hemacandra alaga na mAnakara kahate haiM ki bAkI ke ATha-ATha bheda hI ananvaya aura avyatireka rUpa hone se una donoM kA pArthakya anAvazyaka hai (pra. mI 2. 1. 27) / zrA. hemacandra kI yaha dRSTi ThIka hai| 2-pA0 hemacandra ne dharmakIrti ke hI zabdoM meM pradarzitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka aise do bheda apane solaha bhedoM dikhAe haiM (2. 1. 27), para ina do bhedoM ke udAharaNoM meM dharmakIrti kI apekSA vicArapUrvaka saMzodhana kiyA hai| dharmakIrti ne pUrvavartI ananvaya aura zravyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa jo nyAyapraveza zrAdi meM rahe unakA nirUpaNa to apradarzitAnvaya aura zrapradarzita vyatireka aise nae do anyartha spaSTa nAma rakhakara kiyA aura nyAyapraveza Adi ke ana vaya aura avyatireka zabda ko rakha bhI liyA tathA una nAmoM se naye udAharaNa dikhAe jo una nAmoM ke sAtha mela khA sake aura jo nyAyapraveza zrAdi meM anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAdAkAzavadityapradarzitamyatireka iti / anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAt yadakRtakaM tanniyaM yathAkAzamiti viparItavyatireka iti |prmaannn0 6. 60-76 1 1 'parArthAnumAnaprastAvAdudAharaNadoSA evaite dRSTAntaprabhavatvAtta, dRSTAntadoSA ityucyante |'-pr0 mI0 2. 1. 22 / 2 'ananvayo yatra vinAnvayena sAdhyasAdhanayoH sahabhAvaH pradazyate / yathA ghaTe kRtakatvamanityatvaM ca dRSTamiti / avyatireko yatra vinA sAdhyasAdhananivRttyA tadvipakSabhAvo nidazyate / yathA ghaTe mUrtattvamanityatvaM ca dRSTamiti |"-nyaaypr0 pR0 6-7 / 'nityaH zabdo'mUrtatvAt.....ambaravaditi........ananugata.... ...ghaTavat. . . . avyAvRtta....'-prazasta0 pR0 247 | 3 'apradarzitA vayaH.........anityazabdaH kRtakatvAt ghaTavat iti / zrapradazitavyatireko yathA anityaH zabdaH kRtakatvAdAkAzavaditi |-nyaaybi0 3. 127, 135 / 4 'ananvayo.........yathA yo vaktA sa rAgAdimAn iSTapuruSavat / avya
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________________ 212 nahIM bhI ye / 0 hemacandra ne dharmakIrtti kI hI saMzodhita dRSTi kA upayoga karake pUrvavarttI diGnAga, prazastapAda aura dharmakIrtti taka ke sAmane kahA ki apradarzitAnvaya yA pradarzitavyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa tabhI kahA jA sakatA hai jaba usameM pramANa arthAt dRSTAnta hI na rahe, vIpsA Adi padoM kA aprayoga ina doSoM kA niyAmaka hI nahIM kevala dRSTAnta kA pradarzana hI ina doSoM kA niyAmaka hai / pUrvavata sabhI zrAcArya ina do dRSTAntAbhAsoM ke udAharaNoM meM kama se kamazrambaravat ghaTavat jitanA prayoga anivArya rUpa se mAnate the / A0 hemacandra ke anumAra aise dRSTAntabodhaka 'vat' pratyayAnta kisI zabdaprayoga kI jarUrata hI nahIM - isI apane bhAva ko unhoMne pramANamImAMsA (2.1.27 ) sUtra ko vRtti meM nimnalikhita zabdoM se spaSTa kiyA hai- 'etau ca pramANasya anupadarzanAdbhavato na tu vIpsA sarvAvadhAraNa padAnAmaprayogAt, satsvapi teSu, asati pramANe tayorasiddheriti / ' - 3 - zrA0 hemacandra kI tIsarI vizeSatA aneka dRSTiyoM se bar3e mArke kI hai / usa sAmpradAyikatA ke samaya meM jaba ki dharmakIrti ne vaidika zrIra jaina sampradAya para prabala coTa kI aura jaba ki apane hI pUjya vAdI devasUri taka ne 'zAThya kuryAt zaThaM prati' isa nIti kA Azraya karake dharmakIrti kA badalA cukAyA ta zrA0 hemacandra ne isa sthala meM buddhipUrvaka udAratA dikhAkara sAmpradAyika bhAva ke viSa ko kama karane kI ceSTA kI / jAna par3atA hai apane vyAkaraNa kI taraha ' apane pramANagrantha ko bhI sarvapArSada - sarvasAdhAraNa banAne kI grA0 hemacandra kI udAra icchA kA hI yaha pariNAma hai / dharmakIrti ke dvArA RSabha, vardhamAna zrAdi para kiye gae kaTAkSa aura vAdideva ke dvArA sugata para kiye gae pratikaTAkSa kA tarkazAstra meM kitanA anaucitya hai, usase kitanA rucibhaGga hotA hai, yaha saba socakara prA0 hemacandra ne aise udAharagA race jinase sabakA matalaba siddha ho para kisI ko zrAghAta na ho / yahI~ eka bAta aura bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai jo aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattva kI hai / dharmakItti ne apane udAharaNoM meM kapila Adi meM 1 sarvazatva aura tireko yathA vItarAgo vaktRtvAt, vaidhamryodAharaNam, yantrAvItarAgatvaM nAsti na sa vaktA yathopalakhaNDa iti / nyAyavi0 3. 127, 134 / 1 'sarvapArSadatvAcca zabdAnuzAsanasya sakaladarzana samUhAtmakasyAdvAdasamAzrayarAmatiramaNIyam / - maza0 1.1.2 / 2 pra0 mI0 2.1. 25 /
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________________ 113 anAptatva sAdhaka jo anumAna prayoga rakhe haiM unakA svarUpa tathA tadantargata hetu, kA svarUpa vicArate hue jAna par3atA hai ki siddhasena ke sanmati jaise aura samantabhadra ke prAptamImAMsA jaise koI dUsare grantha dharmakIrti ke sAmane avazya rahe haiM jinameM jaina tArkikoM ne anya sAMkhya zrAdi darzanamAnya kapila' Adi ko sarvajJatA kA aura prAptatA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hogaa| I0 1636] [pramANa mImAMsA dUSaNa dUSaNAbhAsa parArthAnumAna kA eka prakAra kathA' bhI hai, jo pakSa-pratipakSabhAva ke sivAya kabhI zurU nahIM hotii| isa kathA se saMbandha rakhanevAle aneka padArthoM kA nirUpaNa karanevAlA sAhitya vizAla parimANa meM isa deza meM nirmita huA hai| yaha sAhitya mukhyatayA do paramparAoM meM vibhAjita hai-brAhmaNa-vaidika paramparA aura zramaNa-vaidiketara paramparA / vaidika paramparA meM nyAya tathA vaidyaka sampradAya kA samAveza hai / zramaNa paramparA meM bauddha tathA jaina sampradAya kA samAveza hai| vaidika paramparA ke kathA saMbandhI isa vakta upalabdha sAhitya meM akSapAda ke nyAyasUtra tathA caraka kA eka prakaraNa-vimAnasthAna mukhya evaM prAcIna haiN| nyAyabhASya, nyAyavArSika, tAtparyaTIkA, nyAyamaJjarI Adi unake TIkAgrantha tathA nyAyakalikA bhI utane hI mahattva ke haiM / vauddha sampradAya ke prastuta viSayaka sAhitya meM upAyahRdaya, tarkazAstra, pramANasamuccaya, nyAyamukha, nyAyabindu, vAdanyAya ityAdi grantha mukhya evaM pratiSThita haiN| jaina sampradAya ke prastuta sAhitya meM nyAyAvatAra, siddhivinizcayaTIkA, nyAyavinizcaya, tatvArthazlokavArtika, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pramANa nayatattvAloka ityAdi grantha vizeSa mahattva ke haiN| ukta saba parasparAnoM ke Upara nirdiSTa sAhitya ke AdhAra se yahA~ kathAsambandhI katipaya padArthoM ke bAre meM kucha muddoM 1 purAtattva pu0 3. aGka 3re meM merA likhA 'kathApaddhatinu svarUpa ane tenA sAhityanu digdarzana' nAmaka lekha dekheN|
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________________ 214 para likhA jAtA hai jinameM se sabase pahale dUpaNa aura dUSaNAbhAsa ko lekara vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / dUSaNa aura dUSaNAbhAsa ke nIce likhe muddoM para yahA~ vicAra prastuta hai - 1. itihAsa, 2. paryAya - samAnArthaka zabda, 3. nirUpaNa - prayojana, 4. prayoga kI anumati yA virodha, 5. bheda-prabheda / I 1 - dUSaNa aura dUSaNAbhAsa kA zAstrIya nirUpaNa tathA kathA kA itihAsa kitanA purAnA hai yaha nizyapUrvaka kahA nahIM jA sakatA, tathApi isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki vyavahAra meM tathA zAstra meM kathA kA svarUpa nizcita ho jAne ke bAda bahuta hI jaldI dUSaNa aura dUSaNAbhAsa kA svarUpa tathA vargIkaragA zAstravaddha huA hogA / dUSaNa aura dUSaNAbhAsa ke kamobeza nirUpaNa kA prAthamika yaza brAhmaNa paramparA ko hai / bauddha paramparA meM usakA nirUpaNa brAhmaNa paramparA dvArA hI dAkhila huA hai / jaina paramparA meM usa nirUpaNa kA prathama praveza sAkSAt to bauddha sAhitya ke dvArA hI huA jAna par3atA hai / paramparayA nyAya sAhitya kA bhI isa para prabhAva avazya hai| phira bhI isa bAre meM vaidyaka sAhitya kA jaina nirUpaNa para kucha bhI prabhAva par3A nahIM hai jaisA ki isa viSaya ke bauddha sAhitya para kucha par3A huA jAna par3atA hai / prastuta viSayaka sAhitya kA nirmANa brAhmaNa paramparA meM I0 sa0 pUrva do yA cAra zatAbdiyoM meM jAna par3atA hai jaba ki bauddha paramparA meM vaha IsavI san ke aura jainapamparA meM to aura bhI pIche se zurU huA hai / bauddha paramparA kA vaha prArambha IsavI ke bAda tIsarI zatAbdI se purAnA zAyada hI ho aura jaina paramparA kA vaha prArambha IsavI san ke bAda pA~cavIM chaThI zatAbdI se purAnA zAyada hI ho / 2 - upAlambha, pratiSedha, dUSaNa, khaNDana, uttara ityAdi paryAya zabda haiM / inameM se upAlambha, pratiSeva zrAdi zabda nyAyasUtra (1.2.1 ) meM prayukta haiM, jabaki dUSaNa Adi zabda usake bhASya meM Ate haiN| prastutaviSayaka bauddha sAhitya meM se tarkazAstra, jo pro0 TuyacI dvArA pratisaMskRta huA hai usameM khaNDana zabda kA bAra-bAra prayoga hai jaba ki diGnAga, zaGkarasvAmI, dharmakIrtti Adi ne dUSaNa zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / (dekho - nyAyamukha kA0 16, nyAyapraveza pR0 8 nyAyabindu0 3 138 ) / jaina sAhitya meM bhinna-bhinna granthoM meM upAlambha, dUSaNa Adi sabhI paryAya zabda prayukta hue haiN| jAti, zrasaduttara, asamyak khaDana, dUSaNAbhAsa Adi zabda paryAyabhUta haiM jinameM se jAti zabda nyAya paramparA ke sAhitya meM pradhAnatayA prayukta dekhA jAtA hai / bauddha sAhitya meM samyak khaNDana tathA jAti zabda kA prayoga kucha prAcIna granthoM meM hai, para diGnAga se lekara sabhI bauddhatArkikoM ke tarkapranthoM meM dUSaNAbhAsa zabda ke prayoga kA prAdhAnya kabhI prArambha huA bAda hI zurU huA
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________________ 215 ho gayA hai / jaina tarkapranthoM meM mithyottara, jAti aura dUSaNAbhAsa Adi zabda prayukta pAye jAte haiN| 3 --- uddeza vibhAga aura lakSaNa Adi dvArA doSoM tathA doSAbhAsoM ke nirUpaNa kA prayojana sabhI paramparAoM meM eka hI mAnA gayA hai aura vaha yaha ki unakA yathArthaM jJAna kiyA jAe, jisase vAdI svayaM apane sthApanAvAkya meM una doSoM se baca jAya aura pratibAdI ke dvArA udbhAvita doSAbhAsa kA doSA bhAsatva dikhAkara apane prayoga ko nirdoSa sAbita kara sake | isI mukhya prayojana se prerita hokara kisI ne apane graMtha meM saMkSepa se to kisI ne vistAra se, kisI ne amuka eka prakAra ke vargIkaraNa se to kisI ne dUsare prakAra ke vargIkaraNa se, unakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 4- ukta prayojana ke bAre meM saba kA aikamatya hone para bhI eka viziSTha prayojana ke viSaya meM matabheda avazya hai jo khAsa jJAtavya hai / vaha viziSTa prayojana hai-jAti, chala Adi rUpa se asatya uttara kA bhI prayoga karanA / nyAya ( nyAyasU0 4.2.50) ho yA vaidyaka ( caraka - vimAnasthAna pR0 264 ) donoM brAhmaNa paramparAe~ satya uttara ke prayoga kA bhI samarthana pahale se bhI taka karatI AI haiM / bauddha paramparA ke bhI prAcIna upAyahRdaya zrAdi kucha grantha jAtyuttara ke prayoga kA samarthana brAhmaNa paramparA ke granthoM kI taraha hI sApha-sApha karate haiM, jaba ki usa paramparA ke pichale granthoM meM jAtyuttaroM kA varNana hote hue bhI unake prayoga kA spaSTa va sabala niSedha hai - vAdanyAya pR0 70 / jaina paramparA ke granthoM meM to prathama se hI lekara mithyA uttaroM ke prayoga kA sarvathA niSedha kiyA gayA hai-- tattvArthazlo0 pR0 273 / unake prayoga kA samarthana kabhI nahIM kiyA gayA / chala-jAti yukta kathA kartavya hai yA jaba jaba jaina tArkikoM ne jainetara tArkikoM ke sAtha carcA kI taba taba unhoMne apanI eka mAtra rAya yahI prakaTa kI ki vaisI kathA kartavya nahIM tyAjya' hai / brAhmaNa bauddha aura jaina sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA antima va mukhya uddeza mokSa batalAyA gayA hai aura mokSa kI siddhi asatya yA mithyAjJAna se zakya hI nahIM jo jAtyuttaroM meM avazya garbhita hai / tatra kevala jainadarzana ke anusAra hI kyoM, balki brAhmaNa aura bauddha darzana ke anusAra bhI jAtyuttaroM kA prayoga asaMgata hai / aisA hote hue bhI brAhmaNa aura bauddha tArkika unake prayoga kA samarthana karate haiM aura jaina tArkika nahIM karate isa antara kA bIja kyA hai, yaha prazna avazya nahIM isa prazna para 1 dekho siddhasenakRta vAdadvAtriMzikA ; vAdAcaka ; nyAyavi0 0 2. 214 /
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________________ paidA hotA hai| isakA javAba jaina aura jainetara darzanoM ke adhikAriyoM kI prakRti meM hai / jaina darzana mukhyatayA tyAgapradhAna hone se usake adhikAriyoM meM mumuttu hI mukhya hai, gRhastha nhiiN| jaba ki brAhANa paramparA cAturAzramika hone se usake adhikAriyoM meM gRhasthoM kA, khAsakara vidvAn brAhmaNa gRhasthoM kA, vahI darjA hai jo tyAgiyoM kA hotA hai| gArhasthya kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa brAmaNa vidvAnoM ne vyAvahArika jIvana meM satya, ahiMsA Adi niyamoM para utanA bhAra nahIM diyA jitanA ki jaina tyAgiyoM ne una para diyaa| gAradhya ke sAtha arthalAbha, jayatRSNA Adi kA, tyAgajIvana kI apekSA adhika sambandha hai| ina kAraNoM se brAhmaNa paramparA meM mokSa kA uddeza hote hue bhI chala, jAti zrAdi ke prayoga kA samarthana honA sahaja thA, jaba ki jaina paramparA ke lie vaisA karanA sahaja na thA / kyA karanA yaha eka bAra prakRti ke anusAra taya ho jAtA hai taba vidvAn usI kartavya kA sayuktika samarthana bhI kara lete haiM / kuzAgrIyabuddhi brAhmaNa tArkikoM ne yahI kiyaa| unhoMne kahA ki tattvanirNaya kI rakSA ke vAste kabhI-kabhI chala, jAti prAdi kA prayoga bhI upakAraka hone se upAdeya hai, jaisA ki aGkararakSA ke vAste sakaNTaka bAr3a kA upayoga / isa dRSTi se unhoMne chala, jAti Adi ke prayoga kI bhI mokSa ke sAtha saGgati btlaaii| unhoMne apane samarthana meM eka bAta spaSTa kaha dI ki chala, jAti zrAdi kA prayoga bhI tattvajJAna kI rakSA ke sivAya lAbha, khyAti Adi anya kisI bhautika uddeza se kartavya nahIM hai| isa taraha avasthA vizeSa meM bala, jAti Adi ke prayoga kA samarthana karake usakI mokSa ke sAtha jo saGgati brAhmaNa tArkikoM ne dikhAI vahI bauddha tArkikoM ne akSarazaH svIkAra karake apane pakSa meM bhI lAgU kI / upAyahRdaya ke lekhaka bauddha tArkika ne-chala jAti Adi ke prayoga kI mokSa ke sAtha kaisI asaGgati hai-yaha AzaGkA karake usakA samAdhAna akSapAda ke hI zabdoM meM kiyA hai ki zrAnaphala kI rakSA Adi ke vAste kaeTakila bAr3a kI taraha saddharma kI rakSA ke lie chalAdi bhI prayogayogya haiN| vAdasambandhI padArthoM ke prathama cintana, vargIkaraNa aura saGkalana kA zreya brAhmaNa paramparA ko hai yA bauddha paramparA ko, isa prazna kA suninizta javAba 1 'tattvAdhyavasAyasaMrakSaNArtha jalpavitaNDe bIjaprarohasaMrakSaNArtha kaNTakazAkhAvaraNavat |'-nyaay sU9 4.2.50 / 'yathAmraphalaparipuSTi kAmena tat(phala)parirakSaNArtha bahibahutIdaNakaNTaka nikaravinyAsaH kriyate, vAdArambho'pi tathaivAdhunA saddharmarakSaNechayA na tu khyAtilAbhAya |'-upaayhRdy pR0 4 /
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________________ chalAdi ke prayoga ke usa samAna samarthana meM se mila jAtA hai| bauddha paramparA mUla se hI jaina paramparA kI taraha tyAgibhikSupradhAna rahI hai aura usane ekamAtra nirvANa tathA usake upAya para bhAra diyA hai| vaha apanI prakRti ke anusAra zurU meM kabhI chala zrAdi ke prayoga ko saGgata mAna nahIM sakatI jaisA ki brAhmaNa paramparA mAna sakatI hai| ataeva isameM sandeha nahIM rahatA ki buddha ke zAnta aura akleza dharma kI paramparA ke sthApana va pracAra meM par3a jAne ke bAda bhittukoM ko jaba brAhmaNa vidvAnoM se lohA lenA par3A tabhI unhone unakI vAdapaddhati kA vizeSa abhyAsa, prayoga va samarthana zurU kiyaa| aura jo jo brAhmaNa, kulAgata saMskRta tathA nyAya vidyA sIkhakara bauddha paramparA meM dIkSita hue ve sabhI apane sAtha kuladharma kI ve hI dalIleM le Ae jo nyAya paramparA meM thiiN| unhoMne navasvIkRta bauddha paramparA meM unhoM vAdapadArthoM ke abhyAsa aura prayoga Adi kA pracAra kiyA jo nyAya yA vaidyaka zrAdi brAhmaNa paramparA meM prasiddha rahe / isa taraha prakRti meM jaina aura bauddha paramparAe~ tulya hone para bhI brAhANa vidvAnoM ke prathama samparka aura saMgharSa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa se hI bauddha paramparA meM brAhmaNa paramparAnusArI chala Adi kA samarthana prathama kiyA gayA / agara isa bAre meM brAhmaNa paramparA para bauddha paramparA kA hI prathama prabhAva hotA to kisI na kisI ati prAcIna brAhmaNa grantha meM tathA bauddha grantha meM bauddha prakRti ke anusAra chalAdi ke varjana kA hI aikAntika upadeza hotaa| yadyapi bauddha tArkikoM ne zurU meM chalAdi ke samarthana ko brAhmaNa paramparA meM se apanAyA para Age jAkara unako isa samarthana kI apane dharma kI prakRti ke sAtha vizeSa asaMgati dikhAI dI, jisase unhoMne unake prayoga kA spaSTa va sayuktika niSedha hI kiyaa| parantu isa bAre meM jaina paramparA kI sthiti nirAlI rhii| eka to vaha bauddha paramparA kI apekSA tyAga aura udAsInatA meM vizeSa prasiddha rahI, dusare isake nirgrantha bhikSuka zurU meM brAhmaNa tArkikoM ke samparka va saMgharSa meM utane na Aye jitane bauddha bhikSuka, tIsare usa paramparA meM saMskRta bhASA tathA tadAzrita vidyAoM kA praveza bahuta dhIre se aura pIche se huaa| jaba yaha huA taba bhI jaina paramparA kI utkaTa tyAga kI prakRti ne usake vidvAnoM ko chala zrAdi ke prayoga ke samarthana se bilakula hI rokaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki, saba se prAcIna aura prAthamika jaina tarka granthoM meM chalAdi ke prayoga kA spaSTa niSedha va parihAsa' mAtra hai / aisA hote hue bhI Age jAkara jaina paramparA ko jaba 1 dekho siddhasenakRta vAdadvAtriMzikA /
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________________ 218 dUsarI paramparAtroM se bAra bAra vAda meM bhir3anA par3A taba use anubhava huzrA ki chala Adi ke prayoga kA aikAntika niSedha vyavahArya nhiiN| isI anubhava ke ke kAraNa kucha jaina tArkikoM ne chala Adi ke prayoga kA zrApavAdika rUpa se avasthA vizeSa meM samarthana bhI kiyaa| isa taraha anta meM bauddha aura jaina donoM paramparAe~ eka yA dUsare rUpa se samAna bhUmikA para zrA gii| bauddha vidvAnoM ne pahale chalAdi ke prayoga kA samarthana karake phira usakA niSedha kiyA, jaba ki jaina vidvAn pahale Atyantika virodha karake anta meM aMzataH usase sahamata hue| yaha dhyAna meM rahe ki chalAdi ke ApavAdika prayoga kA bhI samarthana zvetAmbara tArkiko ne kiyA hai para aisA samarthana digambara tArkikoM ke dvArA kiyA huzrA dekhane meM nahIM AtA / isa antara ke do kAraNa mAluma hote haiN| eka to digambara paramparA meM zrautsargika tyAga aMza kA hI mukhya vidhAna hai aura dUsarA gyArahavIM zatAbdi ke bAda bhI jaisA zvetAmbara paramparA meM vividha prakRtigAmI sAhitya banA vaisA digambara paramparA meM nahIM huzrA / brAhmaNa paramparA kA chalAdi ke prayoga kA samarthana tathA niSedha prathama se hI adhikArIvizeSAnusAra vaikalpika hone se usakI apanI dRSTi badalane kI jarUrata hI na huii| 5 - anumAna prayoga ke pakSa, hetu, dRSTAnta zrAdi avayava haiM / unameM AnevAle vAstavika doSoM kA udghATana karanA dUSaNa hai aura una avayavoM ke nirdeoSa hone para bhI unameM asat doSoM kA aAropaNa karanA dUSaNAbhAsa hai| brAhmaNa paramparA ke maulika granthoM meM doSoM kA, khAsakara hetu doSoM kA hI varNana hai| pakSa, dRSTAnta Adi ke doSoM kA spaSTa vaisA varNana nahIM hai jaisA bauddha paramparA ke granthoM meM diGnAga se lekara varNana hai / dUSaNAbhAsa ke chala, jAti rUpa se bheda tathA unake prabhedoM kA jitanA vistRta va spaSTa varNana prAcIna brAhmaNa granthoM meM hai utanA prAcIna bauddha granthoM meM nahIM hai zrIra pichale bauddha granthoM meM to vaha nAmazeSa mAtra ho gayA hai| jaina tarka granthoM meM jo dUSaNa ke bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana hai vaha mUlataH bauddha granthAnusArI hI hai aura jo dUSaNAbhAsa kA varNana hai vaha bhI bauddha paramparA se sAkSAt sambandha rakhatA hai / isameM jo brAhmaNa paramparAnusArI varNana khaNDanIyarUpa se AyA hai vaha khAsakara nyAyasUtra aura usake TIkA, upaTIkA granthoM se AyA hai| yaha acaraja kI bAta hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA ke vaidyaka 1 'ayameva vidheyastat tattvajJena tapasvinA / dezAdyapekSayA'nyo'pi vijJAya gurulAghavam ||'-ysho vAdadvA0 shlo08| 2 milAo-nyAyamukha, nyAyapraveza aura nyAyAvatAra /
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________________ 216 grantha meM AnevAle dUSaNAbhAsa kA nirdeza jaina granthoM meM khaNDanIya rUpa se bhI kahIM dekhA nahIM jaataa| zrA. hemacandra ne do sUtroM meM krama se jo dUSaNa aura dUSaNa bhAsa kA lakSaNa racA hai usakA anya granthoM kI apekSA nyAyapraveza (pR08) kI zabdaracanA ke sAtha adhika sAdRzya hai| parantu unhoMne sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM jo jAtyuttara zabda kA arthapradarzana kiyA hai vaha nyAyabindu ( 3. 140 ) kI dharmocarIya vyAkhyA se zabdazaH milatA hai| hemacandra ne dUSaNAbhAsarUpa se caubIsa jAtiyoM kA tathA tIna chaloM kA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha akSarazaH jayatta kI nyAyakalikA (pR0 16-21) kA avataraNamAtra hai| zrA0 hemacandra ne chala ko bhI jAti kI taraha asaducara hone ke kAraNa jAtyuttara hI mAnA hai / jAti ho yA chala sabakA pratisamAdhAna sacce uttara se hI karane ko kahA hai, parantu pratyeka jAti kA alaga-alaga uttara jaisA akSapAda ne svayaM diyA hai, vaisA unhoMne nahIM diyA-pra0 mI0 2. 1. 28, 26 / kucha granthoM ke AdhAra para jAtiviSayaga eka koSTaka nIce diyA jAtA hai nyAyasUtra | upAyahRdaya / vAdavidhi, pramANa samuccaya, nyAyamukha, tarkazAstra / sAdhayasama vaidharmyasama utkarSakama apakasama varyasama avaNyasama vikalpasama sAdhyasama prAptisama zraprAtisama prasaGgasama pratidRSTAntasama anutpattisama saMzayasama
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________________ kAlasama ... prakaraNasama ahetusama arthApatisama avizeSasama upapattisama upalabdhisama anupalabdhisama nityasama anityasama kAryasama :::::::: kAryameda anukti svArthaviruddha bhedAbheda, praznabAhulyottarAlpatA, praznAlpatottarabAhulya, hetusama, vyApti, avyAptisama, viruddha, aviruddha, asaMzaya, zrutisama, zrutibhinna / I0 1636] [pramANa mImAMsA |