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________________ 10 janavarI 2011 jinavANI 260 digambara grantha mUlAcAra meM pratipAdita zramaNAcAra pro. (DaoN.) phUlacanda jaina prastuta Alekha meM pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, pA~ca indriya nigraha, SaDAvazyaka, kezaloca, Acelakya Adi aTThAIsa mUla guNoM kA digambarAcArya vaTTakera ke grantha mUlAcAra ke AdhAra para sAragarbhita nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai tathA dvAdaza tapa, bAIsa parISaha Adi uttaragaNoM kA ullekha karate AhAra-vihAra kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa Alekha ko par3hakara vidita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara zramaNAcAra se digambara zramaNacAra meM katipaya binduoM ko chor3akara prAyaH sAmya hai| -sampAdaka) zramaNadhArA bhArata meM atyanta prAcInakAla se pravahamAna hai| purAtAttvika, bhASAvaijJAnika evaM sAhityika anveSaNoM ke AdhAra para aneka vidvAna aba yaha svIkRta karane lage haiM ki AryoM ke Agamana ke pUrva bhArata meM jo saMskRti thI, vaha zramaNa yA Arhata-saMskRti honI caahie| yaha saMskRti sudUra atIta meM jaina dharma ke Adideva tIrthaMkara vRSabha yA RSabha dvArA pravartita huii| zramaNa saMskRti apanI jina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa garimA-maNDita rahI hai, unameM zrama, saMyama aura tyAga jaise AdhyAtmika AdarzoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| apanI ina vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hI aneka saMskRtiyoM ke sammizraNa ke bAda bhI isa saMskRti ne apanA pRthak astitva akSuNNa rkhaa| jaina dharma ke anya nAmoM meM Arhata tathA zramaNadharma pramukha rUpa meM pracalita hai| isake anusAra zramaNa kI mukhya vizeSatAe~ haiM- (1) upazAnta rahanA, (2) cittavRtti kI caMcalatA, saMkalpa-vikalpa aura iSTAniSTa bhAvanAoM se virata rahakara, samabhAva pUrvaka sva-para kalyANa krnaa| ina vizeSatAoM se yukta zramaNoM dvArA pratipAdita, pratiSThApita aura Acarita saMskRti ko zramaNa-saMskRti kahA jAtA hai| yaha puruSArthamUlaka hai| isakI cintana dhArA mUlataH AdhyAtmika hai| adhyAtma ke dharAtala para jIvana kA carama vikAsa zramaNa-saMskRti kA antima lakSya hai| jIvana kA lakSya sacce sukha kI prApti hai| yaha sukha svAtaMtrya meM hI sambhava hai| karmabandhana yukta saMsArI jIva isakI pahacAna nahIM kara paataa| vaha indriyajanya sukhoM ko vAstavika sukha mAna letA hai| zramaNa saMskRti vyakti ko isa bheda-vijJAna kA darzana karAkara use niHzreyas ke mArga para calane ke lie pravRtta karatI hai| niHzreyasa kI prApti ratnatrayAtmaka mArga para calakara sambhava hai| samyak-darzana samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra apanI samagratA meM isa ratnatraya mArga kA nirmANa karate haiN| prAcIna kAla se lekara zramaNadhArA ke Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 261 || 10 janavarI 2011 || jinavANI pratyeka sAdhaka ne sarvaprathama svayaM ke jIvana meM isa ratnatrayAtmaka mokSamArga kA anusaraNa kiyA aura apanI sAdhanA kI upalabdhiyoM ke anantara isI mokSamArga kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isase jo AcAra-saMhitA nirmita huI, vaha zramaNa-paramparA kI eka samagra AcAra saMhitA' banI, jisameM gRhastha ke jIvana se lekara nirvANa-prApti taka kI sAdhanA aura usake upayukta AcAra-sambandhI niyama-upaniyama Adi kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| AdhyAtmika-vikAsa ke lie AcAra kI prathama sIr3hI sammattaM, sammAdiTThi yA samyagdarzana hai| binA isake jJAna-vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA aura sAdhanA bhI samyak nahIM ho sktii| isalie zrAvaka aura zramaNa donoM ke lie samyagdarzana anivArya rUpa se Avazyaka hai| usake bAda jJAna svataH vikAsonmukhI ho jAtA hai| kintu jJAna kI samagratA sAdhanA ke binA sambhava nhiiN| isalie "NANassa sAraM AyAro" tathA "cArittaM khalu dhammo' kahakara AcAra yA cAritra evaM tapazcaraNa ko vizeSa rUpa se Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| samyagdRSTi-vyakti AcAramArga meM pravRtta hone ke lie kramazaH zrAvaka evaM zramaNa ke AcAra ko svIkAra karatA hai athavA sAmarthya ke anusAra zramaNa dharma svIkAra kara letA hai| zrAvaka aura zramaNa ke AcAra kA svataMtra rUpa se vistRta vivecana karake jaina manISiyoM ne jIvana ke samagra vikAsa ke lie svataMtra rUpa se AcAra saMhitAoM kA nirmANa kara diyaa| vibhinna yugoM meM deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anukUla niyamopaniyamoM meM vikAsa bhI huA hai tathApi samyak-cAritra kA mUla lakSya AdhyAtmika vikAsa karate hue mukti prApta karanA hI rahA hai| zramaNAcAra viSayaka sAhitya bhArata kI aneka prAcIna bhASAoM-arddhamAgadhI, zaurasenI, mahArASTrI prAkRta, saMskRta tathA apabhraMza Adi meM nibaddha zramaNAcAra viSayaka vipula vAD.maya upalabdha hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra yaha zramaNadhArA prAcIna kAla meM RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita huI aura IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM ise varddhamAna mahAvIra ne caramotkarSa para phuNcaayaa| unake bAda aneka mahAn AcAryoM dvArA yaha dhArA nirantara pravartita hotI ArahI hai| ina AtmadarziyoM ke gahana cintana-manana aura svAnubhava se jo vizAla vAD.maya udbhUta huA, vaha Aja bhI pathapradarzana kA kArya kara rahA hai| vastutaH tIrthaMkara mahAvIra se jo jJAna-gaMgA prasphuTita huI vaha gaNadharoM, AcAryoM, upAdhyAyoM evaM bahuzruta zramaNoM ke mAdhyama se zrutajJAna ke rUpa meM aba taka calI A rahI hai| yahI zrutajJAna Agama ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai| jaina paramparA kI digambara aura zvetAmbara ina donoM dhArAoM meM zramaNAcAra viSayaka vipula sAhitya upalabdha hai| digambara paramparA meM AcArya zivAryakRta bhagavaI ArAhaNA, vaTTakera kRta mUlAcAra, AcArya kundakunda kRta pavayaNasAra, aTThapAhuDa aura rayaNasAra, svAmI kArtikeya kRta kattigeyANNuvekkhA, cAmuNDarAya kRta cAritrasAra, vIranandi kRta AcArasAra, devasenasUri kRta ArAdhanAsAra evaM bhAvasaMgraha, paM. AzAdhara kRta anagAradharmAmRta, sakalakIrtikRta mUlAcAra pradIpaka Adi zramaNAcAra viSayaka prAkRta-saMskRta grantha upalabdha isI taraha zvetAmbara paramparA meM AyAraMga, sUyagaDaMga, AurapaccakkhANa, maraNasamAhI, nisIha, Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 262 jinavANI | 10 janavarI 2011 | vavahAra, uttarajjhayaNa, dasaveyAliya, Avassaya, AvassayaNijjutti Adi grantha haiN| inake atirikta aneka AcAryoM tathA vidvAnoM dvArA racita prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, tamila, kannaDa tathA marAThI Adi bhASAoM meM racita zramaNAcAra viSayaka aneka grantha upalabdha haiN| zramaNoM kI AcAra-saMhitA ___AcAra zabda ke tIna artha haiM - AcaraNa, vyavahAra aura aasevn| sAmAnyataH siddhAMtoM, AdarzoM aura vidhi-vidhAnoM kA vyAvahArika athavA kriyAtmaka pakSa AcAra kahA jAtA hai| sabhI jaina tIrthaMkaroM tathA unakI paramparA ke anekAneka zramaNoM ne svayaM AcAra kI sAdhanA dvArA bhava-bhramaNa ke duHkhoM se sadA ke lie mukti pAyI, sAtha hI mumukSu jIvoM ko duHkha nivRtti kA saccA mArga btaayaa| zramaNa hone kA icchuka sarvaprathama baMdhuvarga se pUchatA aura vidA mAMgatA hai| taba bar3oM se, putra tathA strI se vimukta hokara, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa aura vIrya ina pAMca AcAroM ko aMgIkAra karatA hai| aura sabhI prakAra ke parigrahoM se mukta aparigrahI banakara, sneha se rahita, zarIra saMskAra kA sarvathA ke lie tyAga kara AcArya dvArA yathAjAta' (nagna) rUpa dhAraNa kara jinendra bhagavAna dvArA prarUpita dharma ko apane sAtha lekara calatA hai| muni ke lie zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM dIkSA ke bAda nirdhArita vastra-pAtra Adi kA vidhAna hai| jina mUlaguNoM ko dhAraNa kara sAdhaka zramaNadharma (AcAra mArga) svIkAra karatA hai unakA vivecana Age prastuta hai| mUlaguNa zramaNAcAra kA prArambha mUlaguNoM se hotA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa dvArA mukti prApta karane ke lie vyakti apanI AcAra-saMhitA ke antargata jina guNoM ko dhAraNa karake jIvana paryanta pUrNa niSThA se pAlana karane kA saMkalpa grahaNa karatA hai, una guNoM ko mUlaguNa kahA jAtA hai| vRkSa kI mUla (jar3a yA bIja) kI taraha ye guNa bhI zramaNAcAra ke liye mUlAdhAra haiN| isIlie zramaNoM ke pramukha yA pradhAna AcaraNa hone se inakI mUlaguNa saMjJA hai| ina mUlaguNoM kI nirdhArita aTThAIsa saMkhyA isa prakAra hai - "paMca ya mahavvayAI samidIo paMca jinnvruuhitttthaa| paMceMdiyarohA chappi ya AvAsayA loco|| accelakamaNhANaM khidisayaNamadaMtaghasaNaM cev| ThidibhoyaNeyamattaM mUlaguNA aTThavIsA du||' 1. pA~ca mahAvrata : hiMsA, virati (ahiMsA), satya, adattaparivarjana (acaurya), brahmacarya aura saMgavimukti (aprigrh)| 2. pA~ca samiti : IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, nikSepAdAna aura prtisstthaapnikaa|' 3. pA~ca indriyanigraha : cakSu, zrotra, ghrANa, jihvA aura sparza-ina pA~ca indriyoM kA nigrh| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 10 janavarI 2011 jinavANI 263 chaha Avazyaka : samatA ( sAmAyika), stava, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura visarga ( kAyotsarga) / ' sAta anya mUlaguNa : loca ( kezaloca), Acelakya, asnAna, kSitizayana, adantagharSaNa, sthitabhojana aura ekabhakta / 278 uparyukta mUlaguNa zramaNadharma kI AdhArazilA haiN| sampUrNa munidharma ina aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM se siddha hotA hai| meM lezamAtra bhI nyUnatA sAdhaka kA zramaNadharma se cyuta banA detI hai, kyoMki zramaNa ke lie AtmotkarSa hetu nirantara prayatnazIla rahanA hI zreyaskara hotA hai| zarIra calA jAe, yaha use saharSa svIkAra hotA hai, para sAdhanA yA saMyamAcaraNa meM jarA bhI A~ca Aye, yaha kisI bhI avasthA meM use svIkArya nahIM / jIvana ke jisa kSaNa mumukSu zramaNadharma svIkAra karate haiM, usa kSaNa ve "sAvajjakaraNajogaM savvaM tiviheNa tirayaNavisuddhaM vajjaMti' ' arthAt sabhI prakAra ke sAvadya (doSa yukta) kriyA rUpa yogoM kA mana, vacana, kAya tathA karane, karAne aura anumodana se sadA ke lie tyAga kara dete haiN| mUlaguNoM ke pAlana kI isalie bhI mahattA hai, kyoMki jo zramaNa ina mUlaguNoM ko chedakara (ullaMghana kara) 'vRkSamUla' Adi bAhyayoga karatA hai, mUlaguNa vihIna usa sAdhu ke sabhI yoga kisI kAma nahIM mAtra bAhyayogoM se karmoM kA kSaya sambhava nahIM hotaa|' 4. 5. (1-5) mahAvrata 11 uparyukta aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM meM sarvaprathama paMca mahAvrata kA ullekha hai| vrata se tAtparya hai - hiMsA, anRta (jhUTha ), steya (corI), abrahma tathA parigraha - ina pA~ca pApoM se virati (nivRtti) honA / " virati arthAt jAnakara aura prApta karake ina kAryoM ko na karanA / " pratijJA karake jo niyama liyA jAtA hai vaha bhI vrata hai| athavA yaha karane yogya hai aura yaha nahIM karane yogya hai - isa prakAra niyama karanA bhI vrata hai|" isa prakAra hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM ke doSoM ko jAnakara AtmotkarSa ke uddezya se inake tyAga kA inase virati kI pratijJA lekara punaH kabhI unakA sevana na karane ko vrata kahate haiN| akaraNa, nivRtti, uparama aura virati - ye sabhI eka hI artha ke vAcaka haiN| hiMsAdika pA~ca asatpravRttiyoM kA tyAMga vyakti apanI zakti ke anusAra to kara sakatA hai, kintu .. sabhI prANI inakA sArvatrika aura sArvakAlika tyAga eka samAna nahIM kara skte| ataH ina asatpravRttiyoM se ekadeza nivRtti ko aNuvrata aura sarvadeza nivRtti ko mahAvrata kahA jAtA hai| vastutaH vrata apane Apa meM aNu yA mahat nahIM hote / ye vizeSaNa to vrata sAtha pAlana karane vAle kI kSamatA yA sAmarthya ke kAraNa lagate haiN| jahA~ sAdhaka ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha - ina pA~ca vratoM ke samagra pAlana kI kSamatA meM apane ko pUrNa samartha nahIM pAtA athavA mahAvratoM ke dhAraNa kI kSamatA lAne hetu abhyAsa kI dRSTi se inakA ekadeza pAlana karatA hai, to usake vrata aNuvrata tathA vaha aNuvratI zrAvaka (gRhastha) kahalAtA hai tathA mumukSu sAdhaka apane Atmabala se ina vratoM ke dhAraNa aura niraticAra pAlana meM samagra rUpa meM pUrNa samartha ho jAtA hai, taba usake vahI vrata mahAvrata kahe jAte haiM tathA vaha mahAvratI zramaNa, muni yA anagAra kahalAtA hai| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 264 jinavANI || 10 janavarI 2011 (6-10) samiti zramaNa ke mUlaguNoM meM mahAvratoM ke bAda cAritra evaM saMyama kI pravRtti hetu IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, nikSepAdAna evaM pratiSThApanikA-ina pA~ca samitiyoM kA krama hai|" mahAvratamUlaka sampUrNa zramaNAcAra kA vyavahAra inake dvArA saMcAlita hotA hai| inhIM ke AdhAra para mahAvratoM kA nirvighna pAlana sambhava hai| kyoMki ye samitiyA~ mahAvratoM tathA sampUrNa AcAra kI paripoSaka praNAliyAM haiN| ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM ke rakSArtha gamanAgamana, bhASaNa, AhAra grahaNa, vastuoM ke uThAne-rakhane, malamUtra-visarjana Adi kriyAoM meM pramAdarahita samyak pravRtti ke dvArA jIvoM kI rakSA karanA tathA sadA unake rakSaNa kI bhAvanA rakhanA samiti hai| jIvoM se bhare isa saMsAra meM samitipUrvaka pravRtti karane vAlA zramaNa hiMsA se usI prakAra lipta nahIM hotA jaise snehaguNa yukta kamalapatra pAnI se| pravacanasAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne kahA bhI hai - jIva mare yAjIye, ayatnAcArI ko hiMsA kA doSa avazya lagatA hai| kintu jo samitiyoM meM prayatnazIla hai usako bAhya hiMsA mAtra se karmabandha nahIM hotaa|" vastutaH ye pA~coM samitiyA~ cAritra ke kSetra meM pravRttiparaka hotI haiN| ina samitiyoM meM pravRtti se sarvatra evaM sarvadA guNoM kI prApti tathA hiMsA Adi pApoM se nivRtti hotI hai| (11-15) indriya nigraha indra zabda AtmA kA paryAyavAcI hai| AtmA ke cihna arthAt AtmA ke sadbhAva kI siddhi meM kAraNabhUta athavA jo jIva ke artha-(padArtha) jJAna meM nimitta bane use indriya kahate haiN| pratyakSa meM jo apaneapane viSaya kA svataMtra Adhipatya karatI haiM, unheM bhI indriya kahate haiN|" indriyA~ pA~ca haiM - cakSu, zrotra, ghrANa, jihvA aura sprsh| ye pA~coM indriya apane-apane viSayoM meM pravRtti karAke AtmA ko rAga-dveSa yukta karatI haiN| ataH inako viSaya-pravRtti kI ora se rokanA indriya nigraha hai| ye pA~co indriyA~ apane nAmoM ke anusAra apane niyata viSayoM meM pravRtta karatI haiN| sparzendriya sparza dvArA padArthako jAnatI haiN| rasanendriya kA viSaya svAda, ghrANa kA viSaya gandha, cakSu kA viSaya dekhanA tathA zrotra kA viSaya sunanA hai|" indriyoM ke ina viSayoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - (1) kAma rUpa vissy| (2) bhogarUpa vissy| rasa aura sparza kAmarUpa viSaya haiM tathA gandha, rUpa aura zabda bhoga rUpa viSaya haiN| inhIM indriyoM kI svachanda pravRtti kA avarodha nigraha kahalAtA hai| arthAt ina indriyoM ko apane-apane viSayoM kI pravRtti se rokanA indriya-nigraha haiN| jaise unmArgagAmI duSTa ghor3oM ke lagAma ke dvArA nigraha kiyA jAtA hai, vaise hI tattvajJAna kI bhAvanA (tapa, jJAna aura vinaya) ke dvArA indriya rUpI azvoM kA viSaya rUpI unmArga se nigraha kiyA jAtA hai| jo zramaNa jala se bhinna kamala ke sadRza indriya-viSayoM kI pravRtti meM lipta nahIM hotA vaha saMsAra ke duHkhoM se Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 10 janavarI 2011 jinavANI mukta ho jAtA hai| 24 isa taraha indriyoM ke zabdAdi jitane viSaya haiM sabhI meM anAsakta rahanA athavA mana meM una viSayoM ke prati manojJatA-amanojJatA utpanna na karanA zramaNa kA kartavya hai / vastutaH indriya-nigraha kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki indriyoM kI apane-apane viSayoM kI grahaNa-zakti samApta kara deM yA roka deM, apitu mana meM indriya-viSayoM ke prati utpanna rAga-dveSa yukta bhAva kA niyamana karanA indriya-nigraha hai| kahA bhI hai jaise kachuA saMkaTa kI sthiti meM apane aMgoM kA samAharaNa kara letA hai, vaise hI zramaNa ko bhI saMyama dvArA indriya viSayoM kI pravRtti kA saMyamana kara lenA caahie|" kyoMki jisakI indriyoM kI pravRtti sAMsArika kSaNika viSayoM kI ora hai, vaha Atmatattva rUpI amRta kabhI prApta nahIM kara sktaa| jo sArI indriyoM kI zakti ko Atmatattva rUpI amRta ke darzana meM lagA detA hai vaha sacce arthomeM amRtamaya indriyajayI bana jAtA hai / (16 - 21 ) SaD- Avazyaka 27 sAmAnyataH 'avaza' kA artha akAma, anicchuka, svAdhIna, svataMtra, " rAgadveSAdi se rahita, indriyoM kI adhInatA se rahita hotA hai| tathA ina guNoM se yukta arthAt jitendriya vyakti kI avazya karaNIya kriyAoM Avazyaka kahate haiN| mUlAcArakAra ke anusAra jo rAgadveSAdi ke vaza meM nahIM usa (avaza) kA AcaraNa yA karma Avazyaka hai|" kundakundAcArya ne niyamasAra meM kahA hai - jo anya ke vaza nahIM hai, vaha avaza, usa avaza kA kArya Avazyaka hai| aisA Avazyaka karmoM kA vinAzaka, yoga evaM nirvANa kA mArga hotA hai / " anagAradharmAmRta meM Avazyaka zabda kI do taraha se nirukti batAI gayI hai - jo indriyoM ke vazya (adhIna) nahIM hai, aise avazya- jitendriya sAdhu kA ahorAtrika avazyakaraNIya kArya Avazyaka hai / athavA jo vazya-svAdhIna nahIM hai, arthAt rogAdika se pIr3ita hone para bhI jina ( kAryoM) kA ahorAtrika karanA anivArya ho vaha Avazyaka hai|" anuyogadvAra sUtra meM kahA hai ki zramaNa aura zrAvaka jisa vidhi ko aharniza avazyakaraNIya samajhate haiM use Avazyaka kahate haiN|" vizeSAvazyakabhASya ke anusAra avazya karane yogya sadguNoM kA AdhAra AtmA ko durguNoM se haTAkara sadguNoM ke AdhIna karane vAlA, AtmA ko jJAnAdi guNoM se AvAsita, anuraMjita athavA AcchAdita karane vAlA Avazyaka kahalAtA hai| Avazyaka chaha prakAra ke haiM - 1. samatA ( sAmAyika), 2. stava (caturviMzati tIrthaMkara stava), 3. vaMdanA, 4. pratikramaNa - pramAdapUrvaka kiye gaye doSoM kA nirAkaraNa, 5. pratyAkhyAna bhAvI doSoM kA nirAkaraNa tathA 6. vyutsarga ( kAyotsarga ) / " AgamoM meM inakA vivecana nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva - ina chaha ke Alambana se kiyA jAtA hai| Jain Educationa International 265 zeSa sAta mUlaguNa isa taraha zramaNa ke 15 mUlaguNoM meM se pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, pAMca indriyanigraha tathA chaha Avazyaka - ina sabako milAkara ikkIsa mUlaguNoM ke sAtha hI zeSa sAta mUlaguNa isa prakAra haiM For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 1266 | jinavANI | 10 janavarI 2011 (22) loca zramaNa ke aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM meM loca bAIsavA~ mUlaguNa hai| jisakA artha hai hAtha se noMcakara keza nikaalnaa| loka pracalita artha meM ise hI kezaluMcana kahate haiN| vastutaH loca zabda luMca dhAtu se banakara apanayana arthAt nikAlanA yA dUra karanA artha meM prayukta hotA hai| kezaloca apane Apa meM kaSTa-sahiSNutA kI ucca kasauTI ke aura zramaNoM ke pUrNa saMyamI jIvana kA pratIka hai| cUMki kezoM kA bar3hanA svAbhAvika hai, kintu nAI ke dvArA yA ustare, kaiMcI Adi ke binA mAtra hAthoM se hI unheM ukhAr3akara nikAlanA zramaNa ke svavIrya, zrAmaNya tathA pUrNa aparigrahI hone kA pratIka hai| isase apane zarIra ke prati mamatva kA nirAkaraNa tathA sarvotkRSTa tapa kA AcaraNa hotA hai| dInatA, yAcanA, parigraha aura apamAna Adi doSoM ke prasaMgoM se bhI svataH bacA jA sakatA hai|" sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ne pravrajyA grahaNa karate samaya apane hAthoM se paMcamuSTi loca kiyA thaa| (23) acelakatva sAmAnyataH 'cela' zabda kA artha vastra hotA hai| kintu zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM yaha zabda sampUrNa parigrahoM kA upalakSaNa hai| ataH cela ke parihAra se sampUrNa parigraha kA parihAra ho jAtA hai|" isa dRSTi se vastrAbhUSaNAdi samasta parigrahoM kA tyAga aura svAbhAvika yathAjAta nagna (nirgrantha) veza dhAraNa karanA acelakatva hai| kintu zvetAmbara jaina paramparAnusAra isakA artha alpa cela (vastra) muni kA veSa hai, ataH sAdhu nirdhArita vastra dhAraNa karate aura pAtra rakhate haiN| (24) asnAna jalasnAna, abhyaMga snAna aura ubaTana kA tyAga tathA nakha, keza, danta, oSTha, kAna, nAka, mu~ha, A~kha, bhauMha tathA hAtha-paira ina sabake saMskAra kA tyAga asnAna nAmaka prakRSTa mUlaguNa hai| vastutaH AtmadarzI zramaNa to AtmA kI pavitratA se svayaM pavitra hote haiM, ataH unheM bAhya snAna se prayojana hI kyA ?" AcArya vasunandi ne mUlAcAra-vRtti meM kahA hai ki zramaNa ko snAna se nahIM, apitu vratoM se pavitra honA caahie| yadi vratarahita prANI jalAvagAhanAdise pavitra ho jAte to matsya.magara Adi jala-janta tathA anya sAmAnya prANI bhI pavitra ho jAte, kintu ye kabhI bhI usase pavitratA ko prApta nahIM hote haiN| ataH vrata, saMyama-niyama hI pavitratA ke kAraNa haiN|" inhIM saba kAraNoM se zramaNa ko snAna Adi saMskAroM se sarvathA virata rahane tathA AtmasvarUpa kI prApti meM upayoga lagAe rakhane ke lie asnAna mUlaguNa kA vidhAna anivArya mAnA gayA hai| (25) kSitizayana sAmAnyataH paryaGka, vistara Adi kA sarvathA varjana karake zuddha (prAsuka) jamIna/pASANa yA kASThaphalaka para zayana karanA kSitizayana hai| mUlAcAra meM kahA hai - AtmapramANa, asaMstarita, ekAnta, prAsuka bhUmi meM, dhanurdaNDAkAra mudrA meM, eka karavaTa meM zayana karanA kSitizayana mUlaguNa hai|" Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ 10 janavarI 2011 jinavANI (26) adantagharSaNa zarIra viSayaka saMskAra zramaNa ko niSiddha kahe gaye haiN| ataH aMgulI, nakha dAtauna, kali (tRNavizeSa), patthara aura chAla - ina sabake dvArA tathA inake hI samAna anya sAdhanoM ke dvArA dA~toM kA majjana na karanA adantagharSaNa mUlaguNa hai|" isakA uddezya indriya-saMyama kA pAlana tathA zarIra ke prati anAsakti meM vRddhi karanA hai| ( 27 ) sthita bhojana 267 zuddha-bhUmi meM dIvAla, stambhAdi ke Azrayarahita samapAda khar3e hokara apane hAthoM ko hI pAtra banAkara AhAra grahaNa karanA sthita-bhojana hai|" prANisaMyama aura indriyasaMyama ke pAlana hetu jaba taka zramaNa ke hAtha-paira calate haiM arthAt zarIra meM sAmarthya hai, taba taka khar3e hokara pANi-pAtra meM AhAra grahaNa karanA cAhie, anya vizeSa pAtroM meM nhiiN|" (28) ekabhakta sUryodaya ke anantara tIna ghar3I vyatIta hone ke bAda tathA sUryAsta hone ke tIna ghar3I pUrva taka dina meM eka bAra eka belA meM AhAra grahaNa kara lenA ekabhakta mUlaguNa hai| 2 upasaMhAra loca se lekara ekabhakta taka ke sAta mUlaguNa zramaNa ke bAhya cihna mAne jAte haiN| antaraMga kaSAya mala kI vizuddhi ke lie bAhya kriyAoM (AcaraNa) kI zuddhatA kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai|" ataH ye guNa jIvana kI sahajatA, , svAbhAvikatA ke pratIka haiN| zramaNa ko prakRti ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karane, apane ko aura apane zarIra ko kaSTasahiSNu banAne tathA lokalajjA aura lokabhaya se Upara uThane ke lie ye mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA pradAna karate haiN| bAhya jIvana meM asundara kI bhI sarvAtmabhAvena svIkRti inase sadhatI hai| ina guNoM se yukta jIvana bhI apane Apa meM utkRSTa evaM kaThina tapazcaryA kA pratIka hai| inake mAdhyama se kaSTasahiSNutA, caritra pAlana, gatizIlatA prApta hotI rahatI hai| ina guNoM se zramaNa ko pratipala bheda - vijJAna kI yaha pratIti hotI rahatI hai ki yaha zarIra AtmA se bhinna hai aura ise suvidhAvAditA kI apekSA jitanA sahaja rakhA jAyegA, Atmopabdhi meM utanI hI vRddhi hotI rhegii| Jain Educationa International uparyukta aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM ke pAlana se zramaNa kI AvazyakatAe~ atyanta sImita ho jAtI haiN| inakA apramatta bhAva se pAlana karake zramaNa jagatpUjya hokara akSaya - sukha (mokSa) ko prApta kara sakatA hai| mUlAcArapradIpa meM kahA hai- ye sarvotkRSTa aura sArabhUta haiM tathA jinendradeva ne inako tapazcaraNa Adi mahAyogoM kA AdhArabhUta kahA hai| samasta uttaraguNoM kI prApti ke lie ye guNa mUla rUpa haiN| jisa prakAra mUlarahita vRkSoM para kabhI phala nahIM laga sakate, usI prakAra mUlaguNoM se rahita samasta uttaraguNa bhI kabhI phala nahIM de skte| phira bhI For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ | 268 jinavANI | 10 janavarI 2011 // uttaraguNa prApta karane ke lie jo mUlaguNoM kA tyAga kara dete haiM ve apane hAtha kI aMguliyoM kI rakSA ke lie apanA mastaka kATa dete haiN| ataH ina samasta mUlaguNoM kA pUrNa prayatna ke sAtha sarvatra evaM sarvadA pAlana karanA abhISTa hai| jaba ina mUlaguNoM ke pAlana meM zarIra azakta ho jAe arthAt jaba jaMghAbala (pairoM se calane-phirane aura khar3e hone Adi kI zakti) kSINa ho jAe, aMjulipuTa meM Aye hue AhAra ko svayaM mukha taka na le jA sake, A~kheM kamajora ho jAe, taba zramaNa ko bhaktapratyAkhyAna (anukrama se AhAra tyAga karanA tathA kaSAya ko kRza karate hue samAdhimaraNa ko prApta honA) dhAraNa kara lenA cAhie, kintu grahaNa kie hue vratoM meM zithilatA kadApi nahIM lAnI caahie|" uttaraguNa zramaNa ke jina aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA vivecana Upara kiyA gayA hai unake uttaravartI pAlana yogya bAraha tapa, bAIsa parISaha, bAraha bhAvanAe~, darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa aura bala - ye pA~ca AcAra, uttama-kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya - ye dasa dharma tathA yogAdi aneka guNa haiM, jinhe uttaraguNa kahate haiN| inake mAdhyama se zramaNa AtmadhyAna aura tapazcaraNa karake AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI zakti prApta karatA hai tathA guNasthAna praNAlI meM karmakSaya karatA huA nirvANa pada ko prApta karatA hai| AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra - eka ora jahA~ mUlaguNa evaM uttaraguNa sampUrNa zrAmaNya kI kasauTI banakara unakI saMyama-yAtrA ke lakSya ko prApta karAne meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yoga karate haiM, vahIM AhAra, vihAra aura vyavahAra ye caryAe~ unake bAhya jIvana, sampUrNa vyaktitva evaM anyAnya una sabhI kAryoM ko vizuddhatA evaM samagratA pradAna karatI haiM jinakA sIdhA sambandha AtmotkarSa meM sahayoga tathA sacce zrAmaNya kI pahacAna se hai| deza, kAla, zrama, kSama (sahana zakti) aura upadhi (zarIrAdi rUpa parigraha) ko acchI taraha jAnakara zramaNa AhAra evaM vihAra meM pravRtta hotA hai| yadyapi isameM bhI use alpa-karmabaMdha hotA hai| kintu itanA avazya hai ki zramaNa cAhe bAlaka ho athavA vRddha athavA tapasyA yA mArga (paidala AvAgamana) ke zrama se khinna (thakA huA), athavA rogAdi se pIr3ita, vaha apane yogya usa prakAra kI caryA kA AcaraNa kara sakatA hai, jisameM mUla saMyama' kA ghAta (hAni) na ho|" isIliye isa loka se nirapekSa, paraloka kI AkAMkSA evaM Antarika kaSAya se rahita hokara 'yukta-AhAra-vihAra' honA caahie|" kyoMki zramaNa kA cAritra, tapazcaraNa evaM saMyama Adi kA acchI taraha se pAlana usakI AhAra-caryA kI vizuddhatA para nirbhara hai| isI taraha samitipUrvaka vizuddha vihAracaryA dvArA bhI vaha zramaNa ratnatraya prApti kA abhyAsa, zAstrakauzala evaM samAdhimaraNa ke yogya kSetra tathA jana-jana ke kalyANa kI bhAvanA rUpa lakSya ko sahaja hI prApta kara letA hai tathA AhAra-vihAra evaM bAhya jIvana ke vividha vyavahAra-kAryoM yA kriyAoM meM viveka rakhakara sva-para kalyANa meM sadA pravRtta banA rahatA hai| vihAra-caryA ke antargata jahA~ zramaNoM ke lie aniyata vihAra kI vivakSA kI gayI hai, vahIM unake Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
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________________ || 10 janavarI 2011 || jinavANI 269 ekAkI vihAra kI ghora nindA bhI kI gayI hai| isameM mukhya dRSTi yahI rahI hai ki ekAkI vihAra meM saMyama kI virAdhanA satata banI rahatI hai| jabaki sasaMgha athavA do se adhika zramaNoM ke sAtha vihAra karane meM aisI sambhAvanA nahIM rhtii| vastutaH saMyama pAlana meM paraspara ke AdarzoM aura preraNAoM kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hotI hai| isase zramaNa aneka doSoM se svAbhAvika rUpa meM bacA rahatA hai| isI dRSTi se ekAkI vihAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki zramaNa kA paryAya yUM to Atma-kalyANa ke lie grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, parantu zramaNa ke paryAya meM jAte hI usake svArtha tirohita ho jAte haiM aura vaha apanI sArI vaiyaktikatA ko vizrAma de detA hai, taba jAgatI hai usakI nirvaiyktiktaa| yahI vaha tathya hai, jo use anya saba sthitiyoM se uThAkara sampUrNa vizva ke kalyANa meM pravRtta karatA hai| usakI eka-eka kriyA usa samaya ati mahattvapUrNa ho jAtI hai aura vaha jagat kA upakartA ho jAtA hai| vastutaH manuSya kI zreSThatA dIrgha AyuSya ke kAraNa nahIM, apitu use prApta huI mAnavatA ke kAraNa hai aura vaha mAnavatA jIvana kI zuddhi para avalambita hai| citta kI nirmalatA, karmoM kI parizuddhi, sadguNoM kI pUrNatA, sadaiva sajagatA, viveka kI sUkSmatA Adi AtmotkarSa kI ora bar3hane ke sAdhana haiM aura inhI se zreSTha mAnavatA prApta hotI hai| dharma aura usake AcAra kA vaha svarUpa zreSTha hai, jo mAnavIya dRSTikoNa ko sabase jyAdA ahamiyata detA hai aura jisameM pratyeka mAnava ke liye usakI khoja kI jAtI hai| 'dharma' ko vizva-dharma ke rUpa meM abhiSikta karane ke lie jarUrI hai ki pratyeka vyakti naitikatA evaM saMyamI jIvana ko pradhAnatA de| jaina AcAra meM ve saba viziSTatAe~ haiM jinheM vizva kA pratyeka vyakti apanA sakatA hai tathA usase vaha isa jIvana ke parama lakSya ko pA sakatA hai| vartamAna meM aneka anukUlatAoM, viSamatAoM ke bIca apane naitika, saMyamI evaM Adarza jIvana dvArA rASTra evaM samAja ko maryAdita tathA naitika banAne meM sAdhusaMsthA (zramaNasaMgha) mahattvapUrNa yogadAna detI hai| ye samAja se sirpha AhAra mAtra lekara samAja ke naitika AdarzoM ko jIvita rakhate haiN| yadi hama paraspara prema, sneha aura sadbhAvanA ke pratIka-rUpa samAja kI kalpanA karate haiM, hamAre baccoM aura bhAvI pIr3hI meM saMskAra cAhate haiM to ina uccAdarzoM ke pAlana karane vAle sAdhuoM ke Adarza aura mahattva ko svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| -adhyakSa, jaina darzana vibhAga, sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only