Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dhyAna-sAdhanA Adhunika saMdarbha Aja kA yuga vijJAna aura takanIkI pragati kA yuga hai, gatizIlatA aura jaTilatA kA yuga hai, ataH yaha prazna sahaja uTha sakatA hai ki aise drutajIvI yuga meM dhyAna-sAdhanA kI kyA sArthakatA aura upayogitA ho sakatI hai? dhyAna kA bodha hameM kahIM pragati kI daur3a meM roka to nahIM legA? hamArI kriyAzIlatA ko kuMThita to nahIM kara degA ? hamAre saMskAroM ko jar3a aura vicAroM ko sthiti- zIla to nahIM banA degA ? ye khatare Upara se ThIka laga sakate haiM para vastutaH ye satahI haiM aura dhyAna-sAdhanA se inakA koI sIdhA saMbaMdha nahIM hai| vastutaH dhyAna sAdhanA niSkriyatA yA jar3atA kA bodha nahIM hai / yaha samatA, kSamatA aura akhaMDa zakti va zAMti kA vidhAyaka tatva hai| eka samaya thA, jaba mumukSujanoM ke lie dhyAna kA lakSya nirvANa prApti thA / ve mukti ke lie dhyAna-sAdhanA meM tallIna rahate the| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se yaha lakSya aba bhI banA huvA hai / para vaijJAnika pragati aura mAnasika bodha ke jaTila vikAsa ne dhyAna sAdhanA kI sAmAjika aura vyAvahArika upayogitA bhI spaSTa prakaTa kara dI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja videza meM dhyAna bhautika vaibhava se sampanna logoM kA AkarSaNa kendra banatA calA jA rahA hai| dhyAna aura cetanA dhyAna kA saMbaMdha cetanA ke kSetra se hai / manovaijJAnikoM ne cetanA ke mukhyata: tIna prakAra batalAye haiM:-- ( 1 ) jAnanA arthAt jJAna (Cognition) (2) anubhava karanA arthAt anubhUti ( Feeling), aura (3) ceSTA karanA arthAt mAnasika savitA (Conation) bI. ni. saM. 2503 DA. ye tInoM mana ke vikAsa meM paraspara sambaddha saMlagna haiM / dhyAna eka prakAra kI mAnasika ceSTA hai| yaha mana ko kisI vastu yA saMvedanA para kendrita karane meM sakriya rahatI hai| para AdhyAtmika puruSoM ne dhyAna ko isase Age cittavRtti ke nirodha rUpa meM svIkAra kara AtmasvarUpa meM ramaNa karane kI prakriyA batalAyA hai / dhyAna ke mukhya cAra prakAra haiM (1) Arta dhyAna, (2) raudra dhyAna, (3) dharma dhyAna aura (4) zukla dhyAna / narendra bhAnAvata dhyAna ke prakAra dhyAna ke kaI aMga- upAMga haiN| jaina dharma meM isakA kaI prakAra se vargIkaraNa milatA hai / Arta kA artha hai pIr3A, duHkha, ciitkaar| isa dhyAna meM cittavRtti bAhya viSayoM kI ora unmukha rahatI hai / kabhI apriya vastu ke milane para aura kabhI priya vastu ke alaga hone para AkulatA banI rahatI hai / raudra kA artha hai bhayaMkara DarAvanA / isa dhyAna meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, viSayAdi sevana kI pUrti meM pravRtti rahatI hai aura inake bAdhaka tatvoM ke prati dveSa ke kAraNa kaThora krUra bhAvanA banI rahatI hai| Arta dhyAna aura raudra dhyAna donoM tyAjya haiN| Arta dhyAna vyakti ko rAga meM bAMdhatA hai aura raudra dhyAna dveSa meM / manovaijJAnika dRSTi se ye donoM dhyAna anaicchika dhyAna kI zreNI meM Ate haiM / inake dhyAna meM icchA zakti ko koI prayatna nahIM karanA par3atA hai / ye mAnava kI pazu-pravRtti ko saMtuSTi dene meM hI lIna rahate haiN| inakA sAdhanA kI dRSTi se koI mahatva nahIM hai / 85
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AdhyAtmika dRSTi se inheM 'dhyAna' nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ye azubha dhyAna haiM / dharma dhyAna aura zukla dhyAna zubha dhyAna haiN| inakA cintana rAga-dveSa ko kama karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ye Abhyantara tapa mAne gaye haiN| dharma dhyAna ke cAra prakAra mAne gaye haiM (1) AjJA vicaya (2) upAya vicaya : Agama sUtroM meM pratipAdita tatvoM ko dhyeya banAkara unakA cintana karanA / (3) vipAka vicaya: karma ke vividha phaloM ko dhyeya banAkara unakI nirjarA ke lie cintana karanA / : rAgadveSAdi doSoM ke kSaya hetu dhyeya banAkara unameM lIna honA / ( 4 ) saMsthAna vicaya dravya kI vividha paryAyoM ko dhyeya banAkara unameM ekAgra honA / dharma dhyAna ke Age kI avasthA zukla dhyAna hai / yaha zuddha dhyAna mAnA gayA hai| isake bhI cAra prakAra haiM- (1) pRthakva vitarka savicAra (2) eka vitarka savicAra ( 3 ) sUkSmakriyA apratipAti 86 " isameM artha vyaMjana aura yoga kA saMkramaNa rUpa se eka padArtha ko vicAra kara use chor3a dUsare padArtha meM vicArA jAnA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / : isameM eka hI padArtha para aTala rahakara abheda buddhi dvArA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| isameM saMkramaNa kA abhAva rahatA hai / (4) samucchinna kiyA anivRtti jaba zarIra kI zvAsa-prazvAsa kriyA bhI banda ho jAtI hai| aura Atma- pradeza sarvathA niSkampa ho jAte haiM / isameM sthUla yA sUkSma kisI prakAra kI mAnasika, vAcika, kAyika kriyA nahIM rhtii| yahI mukta dazA kI sthiti hai / : isameM mana-vacana-kAya saMbaMdhI sthUla yogoM ko sUkSma yoga dvArA roka diyA jAtA hai aura mAtra zvAsa- ucchvAsa kI sUkSma kriyA hI raha jAtI hai| isakA patana nahIM hotaa| sayogI kevalI ko yaha dhyAna hotA hai| zukla dhyAna ke Arambhika do dhyAnoM meM zruta jJAna kA avalamba lenA hotA hai jabaki antima do meM zruta jJAna kA Alambana bhI nahIM rahatA / ataH ye donoM dhyAna anAlambana kahalAte haiM / bauddha dharma meM dhyAna para sarvAdhika jora diyA gayA hai| vahA~ dhyAna (jJAna) kA eka artha cittavRttiyoM ko jalAnA bhI kiyA hai| yahAM dhyAna ke do mukhya prakAra mAne gaye haiM : (1) AraMbhaNa upaninAna jo vitta ke viSayabhUta vastu (Alambana) para cintana kre| (2) lakkhaNa upanijjhAna : jo dhyeya vastu ke lakSaNoM para cintana kare / AraMbhaNa upanijjhAna ke ATha bheda haiM- 1. vitarka, vicAra, prIti, sukha va ekAgratA sahita dhyAna, 2. vicAra, prIti, sukha va ekAgratA sahita dhyAna, 3. prIti, sukha va ekAgratA sahita dhyAna, 4. sukha va ekAgratA sahita dhyAna / ye cAroM dhyAna rUpAvacara dhyAna kahalAte haiN| inameM vRttiyoM ko kramazaH saMkSipta kara citta ko ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai| 5. AkAzAntyAyatana, 6. vijJAnAntyAyatana, 7. akiMcanAyatana, 8. nevasaMjJAnAsaMjJAyatana / ye cAroM arUpAvacara dhyAna kahe jAte haiN| ina AyatanoM ko jaba sAdhaka zanai: zanaiH pAra kara letA hai taba use nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| aMtima avasthA ko "bhavAgra" kahA gayA hai / lakkhaNa upanijjhAna ke bhI tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM-vipassanA, bhagga aura phala / vipassanA meM prajJA, jJAna aura darzana hotA hai / isameM viSaya-vastu ke lakSaNoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / bhagga meM usakA kArya pUrNa hotA hai aura phala meM usakI niSpatti hotI hai| isI ko lokottara dhyAna kahate haiM jo nirvANa kA viziSTa rUpa mAnA gayA hai| dhyAna tatva kA prasAra bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha donoM bar3e dhyAna-yogI the / dhyAnAvasthA meM hI donoM mukta hue| mahAvIra kI dhyAna paramparA madhya yuga meM Akara manda par3a gii| isake kaI sAmAjika aura prAkRtika kAraNa rahe haiN| jaina zramaNoM ke nagara saMparka ne bhI usameM bAdhA DAlI para buddha kI dhyAna paramparA ne dhyAna sampradAya kA eka svataMtra rUpa hI dhAraNa kara liyA aura cIna, jApAna meM usakA vyApaka pracAra huaa| vaha paramparA Aja bhI jIvita hai / rAjendra- jyoti
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ buddha ke bAda hue 283 dharmAcArya bodhidharma ne san 520 yA 526 I. meM cIna jAkara vahA~ dhyAna sampradAya (cAna-rayuga) kI sthApanA kii| bodhidharma kI mRtyu ke bAda bhI cIna meM unakI paramparA calatI rhii| unake uttarAdhikArI isa prakAra hue-- 1. huI ke (san 406-593 I.) 2. seMga-tsan (mRtyu san 606 I.) 3. tAo-hasina (san 580-651 I.) 4. DuMga-jaina (san 601-674 I.) 5. huI-neMga (san 638-713 I.) huI-neMga ne apanA koI uttarAdhikArI niyukta nahIM kiyA para yaha paramparA vahAM calatI rahI / isa kA carama vikAsa taga (san 616-905 I.), suMga (san 960-1278) aura yUAn (san 1206-1314 I.) rAjavaMzoM ke zAsanakAla meM huaa| 13-14vIM zatI ke bAda mahAyAna bauddha dharma kA eka anya sampradAya jo abhitAbha kI bhakti aura unake nAma japa para jora detA hai, adhika prabhAvazAlI ho gayA / isakA nAma jodo-zUyA sukhAvatI sampradAya hai| samprati cIna-jApAna meM yaha sarvAdhika prabhAvazIla cIna se yaha tatva jApAna gayA / yeI-sAI (san 1141-1215 I.) nAmaka jApAnI bhikSu ne cIna meM jAkara isakA adhyayana kiyA aura phira jApAna meM isakA pracAra kiyaa| jApAna meM isa tatva kI tIna pradhAna zAkhAe~ haiM-- 1. rijaI zAkhA : isameM mUla pravartaka cInI mahAtmA rijaI the| isa zAkhA meM yeI-sAI, dAe-o (san 1235-1308 I.), doto (san 12821336 I.),kvaMjana (san 1277-1360 I.) hekumina (san 1685-1768 I.) jaise vicAraka dhyAna yogI hue| 2. soto zAkhA : isakI sthApanA yeI-sAi ke bAda unake ziSya dogen (san 1200-1253 I.) ne kI / isakA saMbaMdha va cInI mahAtmA huI-neMga ke ziSya ciMga yuAna aura unake ziSya zid-tAu (san 700-790 I.) se rahA hai| 3. ovAku zAkhA : isakI sthApanA iMjena (san 1592-1673I.) ne kii| mUla rUpa meM isake pravartaka cInI mahAtmA huAI-po the jinakA samaya 9vIM zatI hai| aura jo huI-neMga kI ziSya paramparA kI tIsarI pIr3hI meM the| upayukta vivaraNa se sUcita hotA hai ki dhyAna tatva kA bIja bhArata se cIna-jApAna gayA, vahAM vaha aMkurita hI nahIM huA, pallavita, puSpita aura phalita bhI huaa| vahAM ke jana-jIvana meM (vizeSataH jApAna meM) yaha tatva ghula mila gayA hai| vaha kevala adhyAtma taka sImita nahIM rahA, usane pUre jIvana pravAha meM apanA oja aura teja bikherA hai| yeI-sAi kI eka pustaka "kojanagokoku-rona" (dhyAna ke pracAra ke rUpa meM rASTra kI surakSA) ne dhyAna ko vIratva aura rASTra surakSA meM bhI jor3a diyA hai| jApAnI sipAhiyoM meM dhyAnAbhyAsa kA vyApaka pracAra hai| manobala, anuzAsana, dAyitva-bodha aura antanirIkSaNa ke lie vahAM yaha Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai| jApAna ne svAvalambI aura svAzrayI banakara jo pragati kI hai, usake mUla meM dhyAna kI yaha UrjA avazya pravAhita hai| ___mujhe lagatA hai, pazcimI rASTroM meM jo dhyAna kA AkarSaNa bar3hA hai, vaha usI dhyAna tatva kA prasAra hai| cAhe yaha preraNA unheM sIdhI bhArata se milI ho, cAhe cIna-jApAna ke mAdhyama se| yaha itihAsa kA kaTu satya hai ki vartamAna bhAratIya janamAnasa apanI paramparAgata nidhi ko gaurava ke sAtha AtmasAt nahIM kara pA rahA hai| jaba pazcimI rASTra kA mAnasa use apanA letA hai yA usakI mahattA-upayogitA prakaTa kara detA hai taba kahIM jAkara hama use apanAne kA prayatna karate haiM aura apane hI ghara meM "pravAsI" se lagate haiM / "dhyAna" bhI isa saMdarbha meM kaTA huA nahIM hai| pazcima meM jaba "hare rAma hare kRSNa" kI dhuna lagI taba kahIM jAkara hameM apane "dhyAna yoga" kI garimA aura AvazyakatA kA bodha huaa| dhyAna ke prati pazcimI AkarSaNa yaha bodha svAgata yogya hai kyoMki isake dvArA hameM vilupta hotI huI dhyAna-sAdhanA kI antaH salilA ko phira se punarjIvita karane kA avasara milA hai| para jisa mAdhyama se yaha "bodha" huA hai, usake kaI khatare bhI haiN| pahalA khatarA to yaha hai ki hama dhyAna kI mUla cetanA ko bhUlakara kahIM ise phaizana ke rUpa meM hI na grahaNa kara leN| dUsarA yaha ki ise kevala jar3a manovijJAna 1. bodhidharma ke pahale jo 27 dharmAcArya hue, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM--1. mahAkAzyapa 2. Ananda 3. zANavAsa 4. upagupta 5. ghRtaka 6. micchaka 7. vasumitra 8. buddhanaMdI 9. buddhamitra 10. bhikSupArzva 11. puNyayazas 12. azvaghoSa 13. bhikSu kapimAla 14. nAgArjuna 15. kANadeva 16. Arya rAhula 17. saMghanaMdI 18. saMghayazasa 19. kumArata 20. jayaMta 21. vasubandhu 22. manura 23. havalenayazas 24. bhikSusiMha 25. vAzasita 26. puNyamitra 27. prajJAtara - --dhyAna sampradAyaH DA. bhagatasiMha upAdhyAya, pR. 13-14 2. ye dakSiNa bhArata meM kAMcIpuram ke kSatriya (eka anya paramparA ke anusAra bAhmaNa) rAjA sugandha ke tRtIya putra the| inhoMne apane guru prajJAtara se cAlIsa varSa taka bauddha dharma kI zikSA prApta kii| guru kI mRtyu ke bAda meM unake Adeza kA anusaraNa kara cIna gye| vahI pR. 1. bI.ni.saM. 2503 Jain Education Intemational
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ke dharAtala para hI svIkAra karake raha jAyeM aura yaha vastu yA vicAra ke sAtha mana ke samAyojana (Adjustment) taka hI sImita na kara de aura tIsarA yaha ki hama vaijJAnika cintA-dhArA ko chor3akara kahIM madhyayugIna saMskAroM meM phira na baMdha jaayeN| Upara jina khataroM kI carcA kI gaI hai ve nirAdhAra nahIM haiM / unake pIche AdhAra hai / 'dhyAna' ke saMbaMdha meM jo pazcima kI havA calI hai vaha bhoga ke atireka kI pratikriyA kI pariNati hai, AtmA ke svabhAva meM ramaNa karane kI sahaja vRtti nahIM / bhautika aizvarya meM DUbe pazcima ke mAnava ke lie vaha bhautika yantraNAoM se mukti kA sAdhana hai, indriya-bhoga ke atireka kI thakAna kI vizrAnti hai, mAnasika tanAva aura dainandina jIvana kI ApAvApI se bacane kA rAstA hai| dhyAna ke prati usakI lalaka bhautika padArthoM kI carama saMtRpti (saMtrAsa) kA pariNAma hai, usakA lakSya prAcya manISiyoM kI taraha mukti yA nirvANa prApti nahIM hai / use vaha zArIrika aura mAnasika stara taka hI samajha pA rahA hai| usake Age Atmika stara taka abhI usakI pahu~ca nahIM hai / use vaha zArIrika aura mAnasika stara taka hI samajha pA rahA hai / usake Age Atmika stara taka abhI usakI pahu~ca nahIM hai| para hamAre yahA~ dhyAna yoga kI sAdhanA bhoga kI pratikriyA kA phala nahIM hai| usakA uddezya mahAna hai| vaha carasa, gAMjA kA vikalpa nahIM hai aura na hai korA mana kA bailAsika upakaraNa / usake dvArA AtmA ke svabhAva ko pahacAna kara usameM ramaNa karane kI cAha jAgRta kI jAtI hai| cittavRtti kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai-isa prakAra ki vaha jar3a nahIM bane varan sUkSma hotI huI zUnya ho jAya / riktatA nahIM varan ananta zakti aura Ananda se bhara jaay| dhyAna zakti aura zAMti kA srota Aja kI pramukha samasyA zAMti kI khoja kI hai| zAMti AtmA kA svabhAva hai| vaha sthiratA aura ekAgratA kA pariNAma hai| Aja kA mAnasa asthira aura caMcala hai| zAMti kI prApti ke lie mana kI ekAgratA anivArya hai para mana Aja calAyamAna hai| "yoga zAstra" meM mana kI cAra dazAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai-- 1. vikSipta dazA:-Aja vizva kA adhikAMza mana isI dazA ko prApta hai| mastiSka ke atyadhika vikAsa ne mana ko vikSipta banA diyA hai| vaha lakSyahIna, dizAhIna hokara idharaudhara bhaTaka rahA hai| vaha atyanta caMcala, asthira aura nirbala bana gayA hai| use indriya bhogoM ne saMtRpti ke badale diyA haisaMtrAsa, tanAva aura tRSNA kA alaMdhya kSetra / kUThA aura atyadhika nirAzA tathA thakAna ke kAraNa vaha vikSipta ho niruddezya bhaTakatA hai| 2. yAtAyAta dazA:-vijJAna ne yAtAyAta aura saMcAra ke sAdhana itane tIvra aura drutagAmI banA diye haiM ki isa dazA vAlA mana gati to kara letA hai para dizA nahIM jAnatA / vaha kabhI bhItara jAtA hai, kabhI bAhara AtA hai / kisI eka viSaya para Tika kara raha nahIM sktaa| vaha avasaravAdI aura dala-badalU bana gayA hai / vaha kisI ke prati vaphAdAra nahIM, pratibaddha nahIM, AtmIya nahIM / vaha apane hI logoM ke bIca parAyA hai| Aja ke yuga kI yaha sabase bar3I dardanAka mAnava trAsadI hai| isa asthiratA aura caMcalatA ke kAraNa vaha sabako nakAratA calatA hai, kisI kA apanA banakara raha nahIM paataa| 3. zliSTa dazA:--isa dazA kA mana kahIM sthita hone kA prayatna to karatA hai, para usakI sthiratA prAyaH kSaNika hI hotI hai| dUsare yaha apavitra, azubha va bAhya viSayoM meM hI sthira rahane kA prayatna karatA hai| zAstrIya dRSTi se Arta evaM raudra dhyAna kI sthiti vAlA hai yaha mana / jahAM zubha bhAvanA aura pavitratA nahIM vahAM zAMti kaise Tika sakatI hai| pazcima kA vaibhava sampanna mAnasa isI dazA kA hai| 4. sulInadazA:-isa dazA kA mana zubha evaM pavitra bhAvanAoM meM sthita rahakara ekAgratA va dRr3hatA prApta karatA hai| dhyAna sAdhanA kA mukhya lakSya mana ko sulIna dazA meM avasthita karanA hai| Aja kA mAnasa caMcala, asthira, anuzAsana-hIna aura ucchRkhala hai| dhyAna usameM sthiratA aura santulana kI sthiti paidA karatA hai / Aja kA vyakti gaira jimmedAra banatA jA rahA hai usameM kArya ke prati lagana, tallInatA aura utsAha nahIM hai| vaha apane hI kartavyoM ke prati udAsIna bana gayA hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa hai citta kI ekAgratA kA abhAva / isa ekAgratA ko lAne ke lie dhyAnAbhyAsa Avazyaka hai| para yaha dhyAnAbhyAsa Asana aura prANAyAma taka hI sImita na raha jaay| ise yama-niyamAdi se tejasvI banAnA hogaa| cittavRtti ko pavitra aura saMyamita karanA hogA, mana kI gati ko mor3anA hogaa| use svasthatA pradAna karanA hogaa| dhyAna kI bhUmikA taiyAra karane ke lie ucita AhAra-vihAra, satsaMga aura sthAna kI anukUlatA para bhI dRSTi kendrita karanI hogI anyathA dhyAna kI oTa meM hama chale jAyeMge aura hamArA prayatna Atma-pravaMcanA banakara raha jaayegaa| Aja kI pramukha samasyA tIvra aura gatizIla jIvana meM bhI sthira aura dRr3ha rahane kI hai| dhyAna sAdhanA isake lie bhUmi taiyAra karatI hai| vaha mAnasika sakriyatA ko jar3a nahIM banAtI, cetanA ke vibhinna staroM para use vikasita karatI calatI hai| Antarika UrjA ko jAgaruka banAtI calatI hai| usase Atmazakti kI beTarI cArja hotI rahatI hai, vaha kamajora nahIM hotii| yaha dhyAtA para nirbhara hai ki vaha usa zakti kA upayoga kisa dizA meM karatA hai| yahAM ke manISI usakA upayoga Atma svarUpa ko pahacAnane meM karate rahe, jaba Atma zakti vikasita aura jAgRta ho jAtI hai, hama usakI tulanA meM vighnoM para vijaya prApta karate calate haiM / (zeSa pRSTha 92 para) 88 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational