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________________ dazalakSaNa parva / dazalakSaNa dharma jisa parva ko zvetAmbara paramparA meM paryuSaNa kahate haiM, use digambara hai| dUsare tattvArthasUtra meM mukti ke sthAna para zauca kA ullekha huA paramparA meM dazalakSaNa parva ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA hai| ina donoM meM artha-bheda bhI hai| cAhe ina dharmoM (sadguNoM) kA ullekha meM isa dazalakSaNa parva kA prArambha kaba se huA, yaha abhI zodha kA zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM hI adhika huA hai, kintu AcArAMgasUtra (1/ viSaya hai, kyoki digambara paramparA ke prAcIna granthoM meM isa parva kA 6/5) aura padmanandIkRta paMcaviMzatikA (6/59) ke anusAra inakA koI ullekha prApta nahIM huA hai| jaisA ki hamane paryuSaNa sambandhI pAlana gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM ke lie apekSita hai| inake krama aura lekha (zramaNa, agasta 1982) meM saGketa kiyA thA ki digambara paramparA nAmoM ko lekara jaina AcAra granthoM meM thor3A-bahuta matabheda pAyA jAtA ke granthoM meM isa parva kA ullekha lagabhaga satarahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda hai| phira bhI inakI mUlabhAvanA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| prastuta se prArambha hotA hai| satarahavIM zatAbdI ke eka grantha 'vrata-tithi-nirNaya vivecana tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra para kara rahe haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM nimna dasa meM isa parva kA ullekha milatA hai| digambara paramparA meM yaha parva dasa dharmoM kA ullekha hai (1) kSamA, (2) mArdava, (3) Arjava, (4) zauca, dinoM meM kSamA Adi dasa dharmoM kI sAdhanA ke dvArA manAyA jAtA hai| (5) satya, (6) saMyama, (7) tapa, (8) tyAga, (9) akiMcanatA aura kSamA Adi jina dasa dharmoM yA sadguNoM kA pAlana isa parva meM kiyA (10) brhmcry| jAtA hai, unake ullekha kAphI prAcIna haiN| jaina paramparA aura vaidika paramparA donoM meM hI ina dasa dharmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| dazalakSaNa 1. kSamA parva ke dasa dina meM pratyeka dina kramaza: eka-eka dharma kI vizeSa rUpa kSamA prathama dharma hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra ke anusAra krodha prIti kA se sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra dazalakSaNa parva sadguNoM/dharma kI vinAzaka hai| krodha kaSAya ke upazamana ke lie kSamA-dharma kA vidhAna sAdhanA kA parva hai| hai| kSamA ke dvArA hI krodha para vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai| jaina paramparA meM aparAdhI ko kSamA karanA aura svayaM ke aparAdhoM ke lie, dazavidha dharma (sadguNa) jisake prati aparAdha kiyA gayA hai, usase kSamA-yAcanA karanA sAdhaka jaina AcAryoM ne dasa prakAra ke dharmo (sadguNoM) kA varNana kiyA kA parama kartavya hai| jaina sAdhaka kA pratidina yaha udghoSa hotA hai hai, jo ki gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se AcaraNIya ki maiM sabhI prANiyoM ko kSamA karatA hU~ aura sabhI prANI mere aparAdhoM haiN| AcArAMgasUtra, mUlAcAra, bArassaaNuvekkhA, sthAnAMgasUtra, samavAyAMgasUtra ke lie mujhe kSamA kreN| sabhI prANiyoM se merI mitratA hai, kisI se aura tattvArthasUtra ke sAtha-sAtha paravartI aneka granthoM meM bhI ina dharmoM merA vaira nahIM hai| mahAvIra kA, zramaNa sAdhakoM ke lie yaha Adeza kA varNana vistAra se upalabdha hotA hai| thA ki sAdhuoM ! yadi tumhAre dvArA kisI kA aparAdha ho gayA hai, yahA~ 'dharma' zabda kA artha sadguNa yA naitika guNa hI abhipreta to sabase pahale kSamA maaNgo| jaba taka kSamA-yAcanA na kara lo bhojana hai| sarvaprathama hameM AcarAMgasUtra meM ATha sAmAnya dharmoM kA ullekha upalabdha mata karo, svAdhyAya mata karo, zaucAdi karma bhI mata karo, yahA~ taka hotA hai| usameM kahA gayA haiM ki jo dharma meM utthita arthAt tatpara ki apane mu~ha kA thUka bhI gale se nIce mata utaaro| apane pradhAna haiM unako aura jo dharma meM utthita nahIM haiM unako bhI nimna bAtoM kA ziSya gautama kI lAye hue AhAra ko rakhavA kara pahale Ananda zrAvaka upadeza denA cAhie-kSAMti, virati (virakti), upazama, nivRtti, zauca se kSamA-yAcanA ke lie bhejanA isa bAta kA spaSTa pramANa hai ki mahAvIra (pavitratA), Arjava, mArdava aura laaghv| isa prakAra usameM inakI sAdhanA kI dRSTi meM kSamA-dharma kA kitanA adhika mahattva thaa| jaina paramparA gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM ke lie apekSita haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra aura ke anusAra pratyeka sAdhaka ko prAta:kAla evaM sAyaMkAla, pakSAnta meM, samavAyAMgasUtra meM dasa zramaNa-dharmoM ke rUpa meM inhIM sadguNoM kA ullekha cAturmAsa ke anta meM aura saMvatsarI parva para sabhI prANiyoM se kSamAhuA hai| yadyapi sthAnAMgasUtra aura samavAyAMgasUtra kI sUcI AcArAMgasUtra yAcanA karanI hotI hai| jaina samAja kA vArSika parva 'kSamAvANI' ke se thor3I bhinna hai| usameM dasa dharma haiM-kSAMti (kSamA), mukti, Arjava, nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| jaina AcAra-darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki yadi mArdava, lAghava, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga aura brhmcryvaas| isa sUcI zramaNa sAdhaka pakSAnta taka apane krodha ko zAnta kara kSamA-yAcanA meM zauca kA abhAva hai| zAnti, virati, upazama aura nivRtti ke sthAna nahIM kara letA hai to usakA zramaNatva samApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra para nAmAntara se zAMti, mukti, saMyama aura tyAga kA ulalekha huaa| gRhastha upAsaka yadi cAra mahIne se adhika apane hRdaya meM krodha ke hai| jabaki satya, tyAga aura brahmacaryavAsa isa sUcI meM naye haiN| bhAva banAye rakhatA hai aura jisake prati aparAdha kiyA hai, usase kSamAbArasaaNuvekkhA evaM tattvArthasUtra meM bhI zramaNAcAra ke prasaMga meM hI dasa yAcanA nahIM karatA to vaha gRhastha-dharma kA adhikArI nahIM raha pAtA dharmoM kA ullekha huA hai| tattvArthasUtra kI sUcI meM lAghava ke sthAna hai| itanA hI nahIM, jo vyakti eka varSa se adhika taka apane krodha para AkiMcanya kA ullekha huA hai; yadyapi donoM kA artha samAna hI kI tIvratA ko banAye rakhatA hai aura kSamA-yAcanA nahIM karatA vaha samyak
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________________ dazalakSaNa parva / dazalakSaNa dharma 517 zraddhA kA adhikArI bhI nahIM hotA hai aura isa prakAra jainatva se bhI meM jaba yaha zaktimada tIvra hotA hai to ve dUsare rASTroM para AkramaNa cyuta ho jAtA hai| ke lie bar3e hI Atura ho jAte haiM aura choTI sI bAta ke lie bhI bauddha paramparA meM kSamA-bauddha paramparA meM bhI kSamA kA mahattva AkramaNa kara dete haiN| (4) tapamada-tapasyA kA ahaMkAra krnaa| vyakti nirvivAda rUpa se mAnya hai| kahA gayA hai ki Arya vinaya ke anusAra meM jaba tapa kA ahaMkAra jAgRta hotA hai to vaha sAdhanA se gira jAtA isase unnati hotI hai jo apane aparAdha ko svIkAra karatA hai aura hai| jaina kathA-sAhitya meM kuruguDuka kevalI kI kathA isa bAta ko bhaviSya meM saMyata rahatA hai| saMyuttanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki kSamA bar3e hI sundara rUpa meM citrita karatI hai ki tapa kA ahaMkAra karane se bar3hakara anya kucha nahIM hai| kSamA hI parama tapa hai|11 AcArya vAle sAdhanA ke kSetra meM kitane pIche raha jAte haiN| (5) rUpamadazAntirakSita ne kSAnti- pAramitA (kSamA-dharma) kA savistAra sajIva zArIrika saundarya kA ahaMkAra krnaa| rUpamada vyakti meM ahaMkAra kI vivecana kiyA hai, ve likhate haiM-dveSa ke samAna pApa nahIM hai aura vRtti jAgRta kara dUsare ko apane se nimna samajhane kI bhAvanA utpanna kSamA ke samAna tapa nahIM hai, isalie vividha prakAra ke yatnoM se kSamA- karatA hai aura isa prakAra eka prakAra kI asamAnatA kA bIja botA bhAvanA karanI caahie|12 hai| pAzcAtya rASTroM meM zveta aura kAlI jAtiyoM ke bIca calane vAle vaidika paramparA meM kSamA-vaidika paramparA meM bhI kSamA kA mahattva saMgharSa ke mUla meM rUpa aura jAti kI abhimAna hI pramukha hai| (6) mAnA gayA hai| manu ne dasa dharmoM meM kSamA ko dharma mAnA hai| gItA meM jJAnamada-buddhi athavA vidyA kA ahaMkAra krnaa| jJAna kA kSamA ko daivI-sampadA evaM bhagavAn kI hI eka vRtti kahA gayA hai| ahaMkAra jaba vyakti meM AtA hai to vaha dUsare logoM ko apane se choTA mahAbhArata ke udyoga parva meM kSamA ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecana hai| mAnane lagatA hai| isa prakAra eka ora vaha dUsaroM ke anubhavoM se lAbha usameM kahA gayA hai ki kSamA asamartha manuSyoM kA guNa hai, tathA samartha uThAne se vaMcita rahatA hai to dUsarI ora buddhi kA abhimAna svayaM usake manuSyoM kA bhUSaNa hai| he rAjan ! ye do prakAra ke puruSa svarga ke bhI jJAna upalabdhi ke prayatnoM meM bAdhaka banatA hai| isa prakAra usake jJAna Upara sthAna pAte haiM-(1) zaktizAlI hone para bhI kSamA karane vAlA kA vikAsa kuNThita ho jAtA hai| (7) aizvaryamada-dhana-sampadA aura aura (2) nirdhana hone para bhI dAna dene vaalaa| kSamA, dveSa ko dUra karatI pratiSThA kA ahaMkAra krnaa| yaha bhI samAja meM varga-vidveSa kA kAraNa hai, isalie vaha eka mahattvapUrNa sadguNa hai| aura vyakti ke andara eka prakAra kI asamAnatA kI vRtti ko janma detA hai| (8) sattAmada-pada, adhikAra Adi kA ghamaNDa karanA, jaise2. mArdava gRhastha varga meM rAjA, senApati, maMtrI Adi ke pada, zramaNa-saMsthA mArdava kA artha vinItatA yA komalatA hai| mAna kaSAya yA ahaMkAra meM AcArya, upAdhyAya, gaNi Adi ke pd| jaina paramparA ke anusAra ko upazAnta karane ke lie mArdava (vinaya) dharma ke pAlana kA nirdeza jaba taka ahaMbhAva kA vigalana hokara vinamratA nahIM AtI taba taka hai| vinaya ahaMkAra kA pratiyogI hai va usase ahaMkAra para vijaya prApta vyakti naitika vikAsa kI dazA meM Age nahIM bar3ha sktaa| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI jAtI hai|5 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai ki dharma kA mUla vinaya meM kahA hai ki vinaya ke svarUpa ko jAnakara namra banAne vAle buddhimAna hai| 16 uttarAdhyayanasUtra evaM dazavakAlikasUtra meM vinaya kA vistRta vivecana kI loka meM prazaMsA hotI hai, jisa prakAra prANiyoM ke lie pRthvI AdhArabhUta hai| jaina paramparA meM avinaya kA kAraNa abhimAna kahA gayA hai| abhimAna hai, usI prakAra vaha bhI sadguNoM kA AdhAra hotA hai|17 ATha prakAra ke haiM- (1) jAtimada-jAti kA ahaMkAra karanA, jaise bauddha paramparA meM ahaMkAra kI nindA-bauddha paramparA meM ahaMkAra maiM brAhmaNa hU~, maiM kSatriya hU~ jAti ke ahaMkAra ke kAraNa ucca jAti ko sAdhanA kI dRSTi se anucita mAnA gayA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM tIna meM nimna jAti ke logoM ke prati ghRNA kI vRtti utpanna hotI hai aura madoM kA vivecana upalabdha hai| bhikSuoM! yauvanamada meM, Arogyamada meM, pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika jIvana meM eka prakAra kI durbhAvanA aura viSamatA jIvanamada meM matta ajJAnI sAmAnyajana zarIra se duSkarma karatA hai, vANI utpanna hotI hai| (2) kulamada-parivAra kI kulInatA kA ahaMkAra krnaa| se duSkarma karatA hai tathA mana se duSkarma karatA hai| vaha zarIra, vANI kulamada vyakti ko do taraha se nIce girAtA hai| eka to yaha ki jaba tathA mana se duSkarma karake zarIra ke chUTane para, marane ke anantara apAya, vyakti meM kula kA abhimAna jAgRta hotA hai to vaha dUsaroM ko apane durgati, patana, evaM naraka ko prApta hotA hai| bhikSuoM! Arogya-mada se nimna samajhane lagatA hai aura isa prakAra sAmAjika jIvana meM asamAnatA se matta bhikSu zikSA kA tyAga kara patanonmukha hotA hai| bhikSuoM! jIvanamada kI vRtti ko janma detA hai| dUsare kula ke ahaMkAra ke kAraNa vaha se matta bhikSu zikSA kA tyAgakara patanonmukha hotA hai| suttanipAta meM kaThina paristhitiyoM meM bhI zrama karane se jI curAtA hai, jaise ki maiM kahA hai ki jo manuSya jAti,dhana aura gotra kA garva karatA hai, vaha rAjakula kA hU~; ataH amuka nimna zreNI kA vyavasAya yA kArya kaise usakI avanati kA kAraNa hai| 19 isa prakAra bauddha dharma meM 1. yauvana, karUM? isa prakAra jhUThI pratiSThA ke vyAmoha meM apane kartavya se vimukha 2. Arogya. 3. jIvana, 4. jAti, 5. dhana aura 6.gotra ina chaha hotA hai va samAja para bhAra banakara rahatA hai| (3) balamada-zArIrika madoM se bacane kA nirdeza hai| zakti kA ahaMkAra krnaa| zakti kA ahaM vyakti meM bhAvAveza utpanna gItA meM ahaMkAravRtti kI nindA- gItA ke anusAra ahaMkAra karatA hai, aura pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| rASTroM ko patana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| jo yaha ahaMkAra karatA hai ki maiM
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________________ 518 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 adhipati hU~, maiM aizvarya kA bhoga karane vAlA hU~, maiM siddha, balavAn bhAvoM ko ajJAna kahA hai| aura sukhI hU~, maiM bar3A dhanavAn aura kuzalavAn hU~, mere samAna dUsarA kauna hai-vaha ajJAna se vimohita hai|20 jo dhana aura sammAna ke mada 4. zauca (pavitratA) se yukta hai vaha bhagavAn kI pUjA kA DhoMga karatA hai|21 mahAbhArata meM zauca pavitratA kA sUcaka hai| sAmAnyatA zauca kA artha daihika kahA hai ki jaba vyakti para rUpa aura dhana kA mada savAra ho jAtA pavitratA se lagAyA jAtA hai| kintu jaina paramparA meM zauca zabda kA hai to vaha aisA mAnane lagatA hai ki maiM bar3A kulIna hU~, siddha hU~, prayoga mAnasika pavitratA ke artha meM hI huA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra aura sAdhAraNa manuSya nahIM huuN| rUpa, dhana aura kula ina tInoM ke abhimAna sthAnAMgasUtra kI sUcI meM zauca sthAna para 'lAghava' ullekha milatA hai| ke kAraNa citta meM pramAda bhara jAtA hai, vaha bhogoM meM Asakta hokara vastuta: sAdhana ke lie mAnasika kAluSya yA vAsanArUpI mala kI zuddhi bApa-dAdoM dvArA saMcita sampatti kho baiThatA hai| 22 Avazyaka hai| viSaya-vAsanAoM yA kaSAyoM kI gandagI hamAre citta ko isa prakAra jaina, bauddha aura hindU AcAra darzana abhimAna kA kaluSita karatI hai| ata: usakI zuddhi hI zauca dharma hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI tyAga karanA aura vinamratA ko aMgIkAra karanA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| ne zauca kA artha nirlobhatA kiyA hai32, kintu yaha ucita nahIM lagatA jisa prakAra nadI ke madhya rahI huI ghAsa bhayaMkara pravAha meM apanA astitva hai, kyoMki phira isakA AkiJcanya se bheda karanA kaThina hogaa| jaina banAye rakhatI hai, jabaki bar3e-bar3e vRkSa saMgharSa meM dharAzAyI ho jAte haiM, paramparA ke anusAra zauca kA artha mAnasika zuddhi karanA hI adhika usI prakAra jIvana-saMgharSa meM vinIta vyakti hI nirApada rUpa se pAra hote haiN| yuktisaMgata hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki akaluSa manobhAvoM se yukta dharmarUpI sarovara meM snAna kara mana vimala evaM vizuddha bana 3. Arjava jAtA hai| niSkapaTatA yA saralatA Arjava guNa hai| isake dvArA mAyA (kapaTa- gItA kA dRSTikoNa-gItA meM zauca kI gaNanA daivI-sampadA, vRtti) kaSAya para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai| kuTilavRtti (kapaTa) sadbhAva brahmacarya evaM tapa meM kI gaI hai| AcArya zaMkara ne apane gItAbhASya kI vinAzaka hai, vaha sAmAjika aura vaiyaktika donoM jIvanoM ke lie meM zauca kA artha pratipakSa bhAvanA ke dvArA anta:karaNa ke rAgAdi maloM hAnikara hai / vyakti kI dRSTi se kapaTavRtti eka prakAra kI Atma- ko dUra karanA, bhI kiyA hai, jo ki jaina paramparA ke zauca ke artha pravaMcanA hai, svayaM apane Apa ko dhokhA dene kI pravRtti hai| jabaki ke nikaTa hai|35 sAmAjika dRSTi se kapaTavRtti vyavahAra meM zaMkA ko janma detI hai aura pArasparika sadbhAva kA nAza karatI hai| 23 yahI zaMkA aura kuzaMkA, 5. satya bhaya aura asadbhAva, sAmAjika jIvana meM vivAda aura saMgharSa ke pramukha satya dharma se tAtparya hai- satyatA ko apnaanaa| asatya bhASaNa kAraNa banate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra Arjava guNa ke dvArA hI se kisa prakAra virata honA, satya kisa prakAra bolanA, yaha vivecana vyakti vizvAsapAtra banatA hai| jisameM Arjava guNa kA abhAva hai vaha vrata-prakaraNa meM kiyA gayA hai| dharma ke prasaMga meM 'satya' kA kathana yaha sAmAjika jIvana meM vizvAsapAtra nahIM bana paataa| kisI bhI prakAra kA vyakta karatA hai ki sAdhaka ko apane vratoM evaM maryAdAoM kI pratijJA daMbha (DhoMga) cAhe vaha sAdhana se sambandhita ho yA jIva ke anya vyavahAra ke prati niSThAvAn rahakara unakA usI rUpa meM pAlana karanA satya dharma se, anucita hai| dazavakAlikasUtra ke anusAra jo tapasvI na hokara hai| isa prakAra yahA~ yaha kartavyaniSThA ko vyakta karatA hai, jaise harizcandra tapasvI hone kA DhoMga karatA hai vaha tapa-cora hai, jo paMDita na hone ke prasaMga meM kartavyaniSThA ko hI satya dharma ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| para bhI vAkpaTutA ke dvArA pANDitya kA pradarzana karatA hai vaha vacana- sAdhaka kA apane prati satya (ImAnadAra) honA hI satya dharma kA pAlana cora hai, jo vyakti isa prakAra ke DhoMga karatA hai, vaha nimna yoniyoM hai| AcaraNa ke sabhI kSetroM meM pavitratA hI satya dharma hai| kahA bhI gayA ko prApta karatA hai aura saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai, use yathArtha jJAna hai ki mana, vacana aura kAya kI ekarUpatA satya hai arthAt jaisA vicAra kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii|25 isalie kahA gayA hai ki buddhimAn vyakti vaisI hI vANI aura AcaraNa rakheM, yahI satyatA hai| vAstava meM yahI kapaTa ke ina doSoM ko jAnakara niSkapaTa AcaraNa kre|26 naitika jIvana kI pahacAna bhI hai| bauddha dRSTikoNa-buddha ne RjutA ko kuzala dharma kahA hai| unakI mahAvIra kahate haiM ki jo niSThApUrvaka satya kI AjJA kA pAlana dRSTi meM mAyA yA zaThatA (ThagI), durgati, naraka kA kAraNa hai, jabaki karatA hai, vaha bandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| satya ke sandarbha meM mahAvIra RjutA (saralatA) sukha, sugati, svarga aura zaikSa bhikSu ke lAbha kA kA dRSTikoNa yahI hai ki vyakti ke jIvana meM (antaH aura bAhya) ekarUpatA kAraNa hai|27 honI caahie|36 antarAtmA ke prati niSThAvAna honA hI mahAbhArata aura gItA kA dRSTikoNa-mahAbhArata ke anusAra satya dharma hai| saralatA eka Avazyaka sadguNa hai| 28 gItA meM Arjava ko daivI-sampadA,29 tapa aura brAhmaNa kA svAbhAvika guNa kahA gayA hai| Arjava aura adambha 6. saMyama sadguNoM kI gItAkAra ne jJAna meM gaNanA kI hai aura inake virodhI jaina darzana ke anusAra pUrva saMcita-karmoM ke kSaya ke lie tapa
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________________ dazalakSaNa parva | dazalakSaNa dharma Avazyaka hai aura saMyama se bhAvI karmoM ke Asrava kA nirodha hotA sAdhanA to saprayAsatA meM hai| jaba prayAsapUrvaka karma-pudgaloM ko AtmA hai| saMyama manovRttiyoM, kAmanAoM aura indriya-vyavahAra kA niyamana se alaga kiyA jAtA hai to use avipAka nirjarA kahate haiM aura jisa karatA hai| saMyama kA artha damana nahIM, varan unako samyak dizA meM prakriyA dvArA yaha avipAka nirjarA kI jAtI hai, vahI tapa hai| yojita karanA hai| saMyama eka ora akuzala, azubha evaM pApa janaka tapa kA vargIkaraNa-jaina sAdhanA meM tapa ke bAhya aura Abhyantara vyavahAroM se nivRtti hai to dUsarI ora zubha meM pravRtti hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra aise do bheda kiye gaye haiN| puna: pratyeka ke cha:-cha: bheda kiye gaye haiN| meM kahA hai ki ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapayukta dharma hI sarvocca zubha (maMgala) hama saMkSepa meM nIce isa vargIkaraNa ko prastuta kara rahe haiN| hai|37 jaina AcAryoM ne saMyama ke aneka bheda batAye haiN| vistAra bhaya se unakA vivecana sambhava nahIM hai| pA~ca Asrava-sthAna, cAra kaSAya, (a) zArIrika yA bAhya tapa ke bheda pA~ca indriyA~ evaM mana-vANI aura zarIra kA saMyama pramukha hai|28 1. anazana-AhAra-tyAga ko anazana kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhI saMyama aura bauddha dRSTikoNa-buddha kA kathana hai ki prAjJa evaM do prakAra kA hotA hai--eka nizcita samayAvadhi ke lie kiyA huA buddhimAn bhikSu ke lie sarvaprathama Avazyaka hai-indriyoM para vijaya, AhAra-tyAga, jo eka dina se lagAtAra cha: mAsa taka yA usase bhI santuSTatA tathA bhikSu-anuzAsana meM saMyama se rhnaa|39 zarIra, vANI adhika kA ho sakatA hai| dUsarA jIvana-paryanta ke lie kiyA huA aura mana kA saMyama karanA uttama hai| jo sarvatra saMyama karatA hai, vaha aahaar-tyaag| jIvana-paryanta ke lie kiye gaye AhAra-tyAga kI saba duHkhoM se chUTa jAtA hai|40 anivArya zarta hai ki usa avadhi meM mRtyu kI AkAMkSA na kre| gItA meM saMyama-gItA meM kahA ki zraddhAvAn, tatpara aura saMyatendriya 2. avamaudarya-avamaudarya tapa vaha hai, jisameM AhAra ke lie hI jJAna prApta karatA hai| jo saMyamI hai, usakI prajJA pratiSThita hai|42 . kucha zarte nizcita kI jAtI haiN| isake pA~ca prakAra haiM-(1) jo AhAra yogIjana saMyama-rUpI agni meM indriyoM kA havana karate haiN| 43 kI mAtrA hai usase kucha kama khAnA, dravya avamaudarya tapa kahA jAtA hai| (2) bhikSA ke lie koI kSetra nizcita kara vahIM se milI huI bhikSA 7. tapa lenA, kSetra avamaudarya tapa kahA jAtA hai| (3) kisI nizcita samaya tapa jaina sAdhanA kA prANa hai| jaina sAdhanA meM jo kucha bhI zAzvata, para AhAra lenA, kAla avamaudarya tapa kahA jAtA hai| (4) bhikSA prApti udAtta aura mahattvapUrNa tattva hai, ve saba tapomaya haiN| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke lie yA AhAra ke lie kisI sthiti kA abhigraha nizcaya kara kA tapomaya jIvana jaina paramparA meM tapa kA kyA mahattva hai, isako spaSTa lenA, bhAva avamaudarya hai| saMkSepa meM avamaudarya tapa vaha hai-jisameM karatA hai| mahAvIra ke sAdhaka jIvana ke sAr3he bAraha varSoM meM lagabhaga kisI vizeSa sthAna para, vizeSa prakAra se upalabdha AhAra ko apanI gyAraha varSa nirAhAra va upavAsoM meM bIte haiN| mahAvIra kA pUrA sAdhanA- AhAra kI mAtrA se kama mAtrA meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| kAla svAdhyAya, Atma-cintana, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga kI sAdhanA se 3. rasaparityAga- bhojana meM dUdha, dahI, ghRta,miSThAnna Adi kA yukta hai| jaina paramparA meM Aja bhI aise aneka sAdhaka haiM jinake bhojana- yA unameM se kisI eka kA grahaNa nahIM karanA, rasa-parityAga tapa kahalAtA dinoM kA yoga varSa meM do-tIna mAha se adhika nahIM hogA; zeSa sArA hai| rasa-parityAga eka prakAra se svAdajaya hai| samaya ve upavAsa va tapasyA meM hI vyatIta karate haiN| dazavaikAlikasUtra 4. kAyakleza-vIrAsana,goduhAsana Adi vibhinna AsanoM ko meM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa dharma ko sarvotkRSTa maMgala kahA gayA hai| __karanA, sardI yA garmI ko sahana karane kA abhyAsa karanA, kAyakleza jaina sAdhanA kA lakSya zuddha Atmatattva kI upalabdhi hai, Atma- tapa hai| zuddhikaraNa hai| lekina yaha zuddhikaraNa kyA hai? jaina darzana yaha mAnatA 5.bhikSAcaryA-bhikSA ke vibhinna niyamoM kA pAlana karate hai ki prANI kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se hue bhikSA meM upalabdha khAdyapadArtha para jIvana-yApana karanA, bhikSAcaryA karma-vargaNAoM ke pudgaloM ko apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai aura tapa hai| ye AkarSita karma-vargaNAoM ke pudgala rAga-dveSa yA kaSAyavRtti ke kAraNa 6. viviktazayyAsana-araNya Adi ekAnta sthAnoM meM nivAsa AtmA se ekIbhUta ho, usakI zuddhasattA, zakti evaM jJAnajyoti ko karanA, vivikta zayanAsana tapa hai| AvRtta kara dete haiN| yaha jar3a evaM cetana tattva kA saMyoga hI vikRti uparokta chaH prakAra zArIrika tapa-sAdhanA ke haiN| mAnasika yA hai, vibhAva hai, bandhana hai| Abhyantarika dRSTi se bhI tapa-sAdhanA ke nimna cha: bheda kiye gaye haiMata: zuddha Atmatattva kI upalabdhi ke lie AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa ko AvRtta karane vAle karma-vargaNAoM ke pudgaloM kA pRthakIkaraNa (ba) mAnasika evaM AbhyAntara tapa Avazyaka hai| pRthakIkaraNa kI yaha kriyA nirjarA kahI jAtI hai, jo 1. prAyazcita-azubha AcaraNa ke prati glAni honA, usakA do rUpoM meM sampanna hotI hai| jaba karma-vargaNA ke pudgala apanI nizcita pazcAttApa karanA, AlocanA karanA, apane aparAdha ko yogya variSTha samayAvadhi ke pazcAt apanA phala dekara svata: alaga ho jAte haiM, to sAdhu yA guru ke samakSa prakaTa karake usake lie yogya daNDa kI yAcanA yaha savipAka nirjarA kahalAtI hai| lekina yaha sAdhanA mArga nahIM hai| kara unake dvArA diye hue daNDa ko svIkAra karanA, prAyazcita-tapa hai|
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________________ 520 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 2. vinaya-variSTha sAdhakoM evaM gurujanoM kA sammAna karanA, unheM bAhyasvarUpa prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai| saMgrahavRtti se bacanA hI akiMcanatA praNAma, yogya Asana pradAna karanA tathA unakI AjJAoM kA pAlana kA pramukha uddezya hai| digambara yA jinakalpI muni kI dRSTi yahI batAtI karate hue anuzAsita jIvana vyatIta karanA, vinaya tapa hai| hai ki samagra bAhya parigraha kA tyAga hI akiMcanatA kI pUrNatA hai| 3. vaiyAvRtya (sevA)- gurujana, variSTha, vRddha, rogI evaM saMta kabIradAsa ne bhI kahA haisaMgha (samAja) Adi kI sevA karanA, vaiyAvRtya tapa hai| vaiyAvRtya eka udara samAtA anna lahe, tanahi samAtA ciir| prakAra kI sevAvRtti hai| adhikAhi saMgraha nA kare, tAko nAma phkiir|| 4. svAdhyAya-1. sadgranthoM kA adhyayana karanA, 2. utpanna akiMcanatA aura buddha-bauddha grantha cUlanidezapAli meM kahA gayA zaGkAoM ke nirasana evaM navIna jJAna kI prApti ke nimitta vidvatjanoM hai ki akiMcanatA aura Asaktirahita hone se bar3hakara koI zaraNadAtA se praznottara karanA, tattvacarcA karanA 3. jJAna kI smRti ko banAye dIpa nahIM hai|4 buddha ne svayaM apane jIvana meM akiMcanatA ko svIkAra rakhane ke lie usakA parAvartana svAdhyAya karanA (doharAnA), 4. usa kiyA thaa| udAyI bhagavAn kI prazaMsA karate hue kahatA hai ki bhagavAn para cintana aura manana karanA evaM, 5. dharmopadeza denaa| alpAhAra karane vAle haiM aura alpAhAra ke gaNa batAte haiN| ve kaise 5. dhyAna-mana se azubha vicAroM ko haTAkara use zubha vicAroM bhI cIvaroM se santuSTa rahate haiM aura vaise santoSa ke guNa batAte haiN| meM kendrita karanA tathA ekAgra karanA, dhyAna-tapa hai| jo bhikSA milatI hai, usase santuSTa rahate haiM aura vaise santoSa ke guNa 6. kAyotsarga-zarIra se mamatva haTAkara dehAtIta Atma-tattva batAte haiN| nivAsa ke lie mile hue sthAna meM santuSTa rahate haiM aura kI anubhUti karanA, kAyotsarga-tapa hai| kAyotsarga meM zarIra ke jina vaise santoSa ke guNa batAte haiN| ekAnta meM rahate haiM aura ekAnta ke vyApAroM kA nirodha sambhava hai, unakA eka sImita samaya ke lie nirodha guNa batAte haiN| ina pA~ca kAraNoM se bhagavAn ke zrAvaka bhagavAn kA bhI kiyA jAtA hai| mAna rakhate haiM aura unake Azraya meM rahate haiN|45 isa prakAra anazana aura avamaudarya se prArambha hokara kAyotsarga mahAbhArata meM akiMcanatA-mahAbhArata meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi taka kI yaha sArI sAdhanA-prakriyA tapa kahalAtI hai| tuma saba kucha tyAgakara kisI vastu kA saMgraha nahIM rakhoge to sarvatra vicarate hue sukha kA hI anubhava karoge, kyoMki jo akiMcana hotA 8. tyAga hai-jisake pAsa kucha nahIM rahatA hai, vaha sukha se sotA aura jAgatA aprApta bhogoM kI icchA nahIM karanA aura prApta bhogoM se vimukha __ hai| saMsAra meM akiMcanatA hI sukha hai| vahI hitakAraka, kalyANakArI honA, tyAga hai| naitika jIvana meM tyAga Avazyaka hai| binA tyAga aura nirApada hai| AkiMcanya vyakti ko kisI bhI prakAra ke zatru kA ke naitikatA nahIM ttiktii| ataeva sAdhu ke lie tyAga-dharma kA vidhAna khaTakA nahIM hai| akiMcanatA ko lAghava bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| lAghava kiyA gayA hai| tyAga se indriya aura mana ke nirodha kA abhyAsa kiyA kA artha hai- hlkaapn| lobha yA Asakti AtmA para eka prakAra jAtA hai| saMyama ke lie tyAga Avazyaka hai| sAmAnya rUpa se tyAga kA bhAra hai| kAmanA yA Asakti mana meM tanAva utpanna karatI hai| yaha kA artha chor3anA hotA hai| ataeva sAdhutA tabhI sambhava hai jaba sukha- tanAva mana ko bojhila banAtA hai| bhUta aura bhaviSya kI cintAoM kA sAdhanA evaM gRha-parivAra kA tyAga kiyA jaaye| sAdhu jIvana meM bhI bhAra manuSya vyartha hI DhoyA karatA hai| vyakti jitane-jitane aMza meM jo kucha upalabdha hai yA niyamAnusAra grAhya hai, unameM se kucha ko nitya inase Upara uThakara anAsakta banatA hai, utanI hI mAtrA meM mAnasika chor3ate rahanA yA tyAga karate rahanA jarUrI hai| gRhastha jIvana ke lie tanAva se bacakara pramoda kA anubhava karatA hai| nilobha AtmA ko karmabhI tyAga Avazyaka hai| gRhastha ko na kevala apanI vAsanAoM aura AvaraNa se halkA banAtA hai| mana aura cetanA ke tanAva ko samApta bhogoM kI icchA kA tyAga karanA hotA hai, varan apanI sampatti evaM karatA hai| isIlie usako lAghava kahA jAtA hai| parigraha se bhI dAna ke rUpa meM tyAga karate rahanA Avazyaka hai| isalie bhautika vastuoM kI kAmanA hI nahIM, varan yaza, kIrti, pUjA, tyAga gRhastha aura zramaNa donoM ke lie hI Avazyaka hai| vastutaH sammAna Adi kI lAlasA bhI manuSya ko adha:patana kI ora le jAtI lokamaMgala ke lie tyAga-dharma kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| na kevala jaina hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra ke anusAra jo pUjA, pratiSThA, mAna aura sammAna paramparA meM, varan bauddha aura vaidika-paramparAoM meM bhI tyAga-bhAvanA para kI kAmanA karate haiM, ve aneka chadma-pApoM kA sRjana karate haiN|6 kAmanA bala diyA gayA hai| bodhicaryAvatAra meM AcArya zAntirakSita ne isa sambandha cAhe bhautika vastuoM kI ho yA mAna-sammAna Adi abhautika tattvoM meM kAphI vistAra se vivecana kiyA hai| kI, vaha eka bojha hai jisase mukta honA Avazyaka hai| sUtroM meM lAghava ke sAtha hI sAtha mukti (muttI) zabda kA prayoga bhI huA hai| sadguNa 9. akiMcanatA ke rUpa meM mukti kA artha duzcintAoM, kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM se mUlAcAra ke anusAra akiMcanatA kA artha parigraha kA tyAga hai| mukta manaHsthiti hI hai| upalakSaNa se muttI kA artha santoSa bhI hotA lobha yA AsaktityAga ke bhAvanAtmaka tathya ko kriyAtmaka jIvana meM hai| santoSa kI vRtti Avazyaka sadguNa hai| usake abhAva meM jIvana utAranA Avazyaka hai| akiMcanatA ke dvArA isI anAsakta jIvana kA kI zAnti caupaTa ho jAtI hai| bauddha dharma aura gItA kI dRSTi meM nirlobhatA
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________________ dazalakSaNa parva / dazalakSaNa dharma 521 manuSya kA Avazyaka sadguNa hai| buddha kA kathana hai ki 'santoSa hI adroha, Arjava evaM bhRtya-maraNa ina nau sadguNoM kA vivecana hai| parama dhana hai|' gItA meM kRSNa kahate haiM- 'santuSTa vyakti merA priya hai|'48 vAmanapurANa meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, dAna, kSAnti, dama, zama, akArpaNya, zauca aura tapa ina dasa sadguNoM kA vivecana hai| viSNu 10. brahmacarya dharmasUtra meM 24 guNoM kA varNana hai, jinameM adhikAMza yahI haiN| mahAbhArata brahmacarya ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecana mahAvratoM evaM aNuvratoM ke Adiparva meM dharma kI nimna dasa patniyoM kA ullekha hai-kIrti, ke sandarbha meM kiyA gayA hai| zramaNa ke lie samasta prakAra ke maithuna lakSmI, dhRti, medhA, puSTi, zraddhA, kriyA, buddhi, lajjA aura mti|54 kA tyAga Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| gRhastha-upAsaka ke lie svapatnI- isI prakAra zrImadbhAgavata meM bhI dharma kI zraddhA, maitrI, dayA, zAnti, santoSa meM hI brahmacarya kI maryAdA sthApita kI gayI hai| viSayAsakti tuSTi, puSTi, kriyA, unnati, buddhi, medhA, titikSA, havi aura mUrti ina citta ko kaluSita karatI hai, mAnasika zAnti bhaMga karatI hai, eka prakAra teraha patniyoM kA ullekha hai|55 vastuta: inheM guNa, dharma kI patniyA~ ke mAnasika tanAva ko utpanna karatI hai aura zArIrika dRSTi se roga kahane kA artha itanA hI hai ki inake binA dharma apUrNa rahatA hai| isI kA kAraNa banatI hai| isalie yaha mAnA gayA ki apanI-apanI maryAdA prakAra zrImadbhAgavata meM dharma ke putroM kA bhI ullekha hai| dharma ke putra ke anukUla gRhastha aura zramaNa ko brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA caahie| haiM-zubha, prasAda, abhaya, sukha, muha, smaya, yoga, darpa, artha, smaraNa, bauddha paramparA meM brahmacarya-bauddha paramparA meM bhI brahmacarya dharma kSema aura prshry|56 vastuta: sadguNoM kA eka parivAra hai aura jahA~ kA mahattva spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| usameM bhI zramaNa sAdhaka eka sadguNa bhI pUrNatA ke sAtha prakaTa hotA hai vahA~ usase sambandhita ke lie pUrNa brahmacarya aura gRhastha sAdhaka ke lie svapatnI-santoSa dUsare sadguNa bhI prakaTa ho jAte haiN|. kI maryAdAe~ sthApita kI gayI haiN| 49 / / gItA meM brahmacarya-gItA meM brahmacarya ko zArIrika tapa kahA gayA bauddha dharma aura dasa sadguNa hai|50 paramatattva kI upalabdhi ke lie brahmacarya ko Avazyaka mAnA jaisA ki hamane dekhA jaina dharma sammata kSamA Adi dasa dharmoM (sadguNa) gayA aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo brahmacarya vrata meM sthita hokara kI alaga-alaga carcA upalabdha ho jAtI hai, kintu usameM jina dasa merI upAsanA karatA hai vaha zIghra hI nirvANa prApta kara letA hai|51 dharmoM kA ullekha huA hai, inase bhinna haiN| aMguttaranikAya meM samyak dRSTi, samyak-saMkalpa, samyak-vAk, samyak-karmAnta, samyak-AjIva, vaidika paramparA meM dasa dharma (sadguNa) samyak-vyAyAma, samyak-smRti, samyak-samAdhi, samyak-dhyAna aura vaidika paramparA meM bhI thor3e-bahuta antara se ina sadguNoM kA vivecana samyak-vimukta ye daza dharma batAye gaye haiN|57 vastuta: isameM aSTAMga pAyA jAtA hai| hindU dharma meM hameM do prakAra ke dharmo kA vivecana upalabdha Arya mArga meM samyak-dhyAna aura samyak-vimukti ye do caraNa jor3akara hotA hai-(1) sAmAnya dharma aura (2) vizeSa dhrm| sAmAnya dharma ve dasa kI saMkhyA pUrI kI gaI hai| yadyapi azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM haiM jinakA pAlana sabhI varNa evaM AzramoM ke logoM ko karanA cAhie, jina nau dharmoM yA sadguNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai, ve jaina paramparA aura jabaki vizeSa dharma ve haiM jinakA pAlana varNa vizeSa yA Azrama vizeSa hindU paramparA ke kAphI nikaTa Ate haiN| ve guNa nimna haiM--dayA, udAratA, ke logoM ko karanA hotA hai| sAmAnya dharma kI carcA ati prAcIna kAla satya, zuddhi (zauca), bhadratA, zAnti, prasannatA, sAdhutA aura se hotI AyI hai| manu ne ahiMsA, satya, asteya, zauca aura indriya- aatmsNym|8 nigraha ina pA~ca ko sabhI varNAzrama vAloM kA dharma batAyA hai|52 prasaMgAntara isa prakAra spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina, bauddha aura hindU tInoM dharmoM se unhoMne ina dasa sAmAnya dharmoM kI bhI carcA kI hai-dhRti, kSamA, meM varNita ina dazavidha dharmoM meM krama aura nAmoM ke kiJcit pArasparika dama, asteya, zauca, indriyanigraha, dhI, vidyA, satya aura akrodh|53 matabheda ke atirikta mUlabhUta saiddhAntika-dRSTi se koI vizeSa antara isa sUcI meM kSamA, zauca, aura satya hI aise haiM jo jaina paramparA ke nahIM spaSTa hotA hai| ina sadguNoM ke pAlana meM pramukhatA kise dI jAye, isa nAmoM se pUrI taraha mela khAte haiM, zeSa nAma bhinna haiN| mahAbhArata ke sambandha meM tInoM dharmoM ke vicArakoM meM matabheda ho sakatA hai, jo vastutaH zAntiparva meM akrodha, satyavacana, saMvibhAga, kSamA, prajanana, zauca, deza, kAla aura paristhiti ke adhIna hone ke kAraNa svAbhAvika bhI hai| , saMdarbha : 1. AcArAGga, saMpA- madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980, 1/6/5 / 2. sthAnAGga, saMpA0- madhukara muni prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1981, 10/14 / / samavAyAGga, saMpA0- madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982, 10/1 / 4. tattvArthasUtra, saMpA0- jugala kizora mukhtAra, vIra sevA mandira, sahAranapura, 1944, 9/6 / 5. dazavaikAlikasUtra, saMpA0 - madhukara muni prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1985, 8/38 / 6. vahI, 8/39 / / AvazyakasUtra-kSamApaNA pATha, saMpA0 - madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1985 / upAsakadazAGgasUtra, saMpA0- madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 1980,1/84 / 8.
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