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________________ - . - -. . - - - . . . -. - -. . - . - . -. -. - . -. - . -. - - . . . - -. -. . - -. - . -. bhaTTAraka.paramparA - DaoN. bihArIlAla jaina sahAyaka AcArya, saMskRta vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura bhaTTAraka-paramparA digambara sampradAya ke mUlasaMgha, kASThasaMgha, nandisaMgha se sambandhita hai| kintu bhaTTArakIya pravRttiyoM para zvetAmbara paramparA ke caityavAsI muniyoM ke AcaraNa kA bhI prabhAva par3A hai| ataH bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA paricaya dene ke pUrva digambara evaM zvetAmbara caityavAsI muniyoM kI jIvana-caryA evaM kArya-kalApoM kA digdarzana karanA Avazyaka hai tAki bhaTTAraka-paramparA kI pravRttiyoM ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhA jA ske| janasaMgha meM caityavAsI-digambara evaM zvetAmbara paramparA meM muniyoM ke aneka saMgha pracalita hue haiM kintu mukhya rUpa se do prakAra ke muni hote the-caityavAsI aura vnvaasii| jo muni samAja ke bIca Akara kisI caitya meM sthAyI rUpa se nivAsa karane lagate the tathA mandira, mUrti, grantha Adi kI surakSA ke kArya meM laga jAte the, ve caityavAsI aura jo vana meM rahate hue apane Atma-dhyAna meM lage rahate the, ve vanavAsI kahalAte the| zvetAmbara-paramparA meM Aja ke yati caityavAsiyoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM aura jo saMvegI kahalAte haiM, ve vanavAsI zAkhA ke pratinidhi haiN| digambara paramparA meM bhaTTAraka caityavAsI paramparA ke pratinidhi haiM aura nagna muni vanavAsI-paramparA ke haiN|' zvetAmbara caityavAsI-zvetAmbara caityavAsI jaina-muniyoM kI jIvana-caryA ke sambandha meM prAcIna granthoM meM kucha ullekha milate haiM / AcArAMga meM lajjA-nivAraNa ke lie sAdhuoM ko sAde vastra rakhane kI chUTa dI gyii| kintu jina zartoM ke sAtha yaha chUTa dI gayI thI, dhIre-dhIre ve nagaNya ho gaIM aura vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara sAdhu AvazyakatA par3ane para kaTivastra dhAraNa karate rhe| kintu isa samaya taka inake AcaraNa aura digambara sAdhuoM kI caryA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM thaa| Age calakara vastra-dhAraNa karanA AvazyakatA para nirbhara nahIM raha gayA balki yaha sAmAnya niyama ho gyaa| isake sAtha hI zvetAmbara jaina sAdhu sAmAjika kAryoM meM bhI apanI ruci dikhAne lge| __ zvetAmbara caityavAsI muniyoM ke itihAsa ke sambandha meM jo pramANa upalabdha haiM unase jJAta hotA hai ki bIra nirvANa saMvat 882 (vi0 saM0 412) se caityavAsa prArambha ho cukA thaa| jinavallabhakRta saMbapaTTa kI bhUmikA meM kahA gayA hai ki vIra nirvANa saMvat 850 (vi0 saM0 380) ke lagabhaga kucha muniyoM ne ugra vihAra chor3akara mandiroM meM rahanA prArambha kara diyaa| dhIre-dhIre inakI saMkhyA bar3hatI gayI / ina caityavAsiyoM ne nigama nAma ke kucha grantha bhI likhe jinameM 1. draSTavya--mukhtyAra, jugalakizora-vanavAsI aura caityavAsI-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR0 478-65. 2. AcArAMga 1.6.3,2.14.1. 3. (ka) haribhadra--saMbodha prakaraNa, ahamadAbAda, vi0 saM0 1972. (kha) jinavallabha-saMghapaTTaka. 4. dharmasAgara kI paTTAvalI-vIrAt 882 caityasthitiH /
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________________ bhaTTAraka-paramparA 67 yaha kahA .yA hai ki muniyoM ko caitya meM rahanA ucita hai aura unheM pustakAdi ke lie Avazyaka dravya bhI saMgraha karanA caahie| vikrama saMvat 802 meM zIlaguNasUri ne vahA~ ke rAjA se yaha ghoSaNA bhI karavA dI thI ki nagara meM caityavAsI sAdhu ko chor3akara vanavAsI sAdhu nahIM A skeNge| ina saba vidhAnoM ke kAraNa IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI taka rAjasthAna meM caityavAsiyoM kA kAphI prabhAva bar3ha gayA thaa| isa bar3hatI huI pravRtti kA virodha aneka zvetAmbara sAdhuoM ne kiyA kyoMki ve yaha mAnate the ki jaina-sAdhu kA kArya Atma-dhyAna karatA hai, sAmAjika sudhAra ke kAryoM se usake AcaraNa meM zithilatA AtI hai| prasiddha dArzanika AcArya haribhadra ne saMbodha-prakaraNa meM zvetAmbara caityabAsI sAdhuoM ke zithilAcAra kA vistAra se varNana kiyA aura ise jaina-saMgha ke lie ahitakara mAnA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki AThavIM zatI taka zvetAmbara caityavAsI sAdhuoM kA zithilAcaraNa bahuta bar3ha gayA thA, jinake virodha meM jinavallabha, jinadatta, jinapati, nemicaMda bhaNDArI Adi jainAcAryoM ne sazakta AvAja uThAyI thii| digambara caityavAsI-digambara paramparA ke muni-saMdha meM caityavAsI nAma se muniyoM kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| kintu zvetAmbara caityavAsI muniyoM kI jo pravRttiyA~ thIM vaisI hI pravRttiyA~ karane vAle muni digambara sampradAya meM bhI rahe hoMge tabhI AcArya kundakunda se lekara paM0 AzAdhara taka aneka digambara AcAryoM ko aise zithilAcArI muniyoM ke AcaraNa kA virodha karanA par3A hai / kundakunda ke liMgapAhuDa se jJAta hotA hai ki kucha jaina sAdhu aise the jo gRhasthoM ke vivAha juTAte the aura kRSikarma, vANijyAdi rUpa hiMsAkarma karate the| AcArya kundakunda ne aise sAdhuoM ko paza samAna mAnA hai| saMbhavata: ve unakI itanI tIvra bhartsanA karake unheM satpatha para lAnA cAhate the| isase spaSTa hai ki dUsarI zatAbdI meM zithilAcArI digambara jaina sAdhu bhI the| devasena ke darzanasAra meM bhI pA~ca jainAbhAsoM kI utpatti kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai| unameM drAviDa, kASThA aura mAthura saMgha ko jainAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| usakA artha yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ina saMghoM ke sAdhu vanavAsI sAdhaoM se saMbhavataH bhinna AcaraNa karane laga gaye the / Age calakara yaha bAta aitihAsika pramANoM se bhI siddha hotI hai| zaka saMvata 1047 ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki drAvir3a saMghIya zrIpAlayogIzvara ko salla nAmaka grAma dAna meM diyA gayA thaa| vikrama saMvat 1145 ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki kASThAsaMgha ke vijayakIti muni ke upadeza se rAjA vikramasiMha ne muniyoM ko jamIna evaM bagIce Adi meM dAna diye| ina pramANoM se spaSTa hai ki digambara jainasaMgha ke muni bhI vasati athavA jaina mandiroM meM rahate the aura unako dAna meM jamIna Adi dI jAtI thii| uparyakta zithilAcaraNa vAle digambara muniyoM ko caityavAsI, maThapati yA bhaTTAraka kyoM kahA jAtA thA, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai| kyoMki aise muniyoM kA ullekha muni aura bhaTTAraka donoM vizeSaNoM ke sAtha huA hai| aise digambara sAdha zithalAcArI hone para bhI nagna rahate the tathA inake dhArmika kAryoM meM koI vizeSa matabheda nahIM thaa| kintu aise muniyoM kA AcaraNa vizuddha digambara jaina-muniyoM tathA AcAryoM ke lie cintA kA viSaya avazya thaa| yahI kAraNa 2. vahI -haribhadrasUri, saMbodha prakaraNa 1. draSTavya-jinavallabhakRta saMghapaTTaka kI bhUmikA 3. bAlA vayaMti evaM veso titthaMkarANa eso vi / NamaNijjo ghiTTI aho sirasUlaM kassa pukarimo // 76 // 4 draSTavya-nAhaTA, agaracaMda--yatisamAja-anekAMta, varSa 3, aMka 8-6 5. jo joDedi vivAhaM kisikammavaNijjajIvaghAdaM ca-liMgapAhuDa, gAthA / 6. vahI, gAthA-12 7. draSTavya-darzasAra, gAthA 24 se 46 taka 8. draSTavya-jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, zilAlekha naM0 463 6. draSTavya-epigrAphikA iNDiyA, jilda 2, pR0 337-40
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________________ 68 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaSTha khaNDa hai ki AcArya somadeva ne ina muniyoM ko vizuddha muniyoM kI chAyA kahA hai|' Age calakara bArahavIM zatAbdI meM paM0 AzAdhara ko zithilAcArI muniyoM kI saMkhyA meM vRddhi ke kAraNa yaha kahanA par3A ki kheda hai ki sacce upadezaka muni juganU ke samAna kahIM-kahIM hI dikhAI par3ate haiN| isa prakAra jaina saMgha kI prAcIna paramparA meM muniyoM kA eka varga aisA thA jisane samaya ke prabhAva se jainamuni AcAra-saMhitA meM saMzodhana kara samAja ko apane sAtha karane kA prayatna kiyA thA, kyoMki dhArmikoM ke binA dharma nahIM hotA / ata: dhArmikoM ko banAye rakhane ke lie pUjA-vidhAna, mandira, mUrti, tIrthayAtrA Adi kAryoM meM bhI ina muniyoM ko sammilita honA pdd'aa| sAtha hI zrAvakoM meM lie unheM aise sAhitya kA bhI sRjana karanA par3A jo jaina dharma ke anurUpa jIvana-caryA kA vidhAna kara sake / yahI kAraNa hai ki lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka aneka zrAvakAcAra granthoM kA praNayana huaa| ina saba tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhaTTAraka-paramparA prArambha hone ke pUrva bhI jainasaMgha meM nimna pravRttiyA~ pracalita thI - 1. muniyoM kA caityoM, vasati athavA mandiroM meM nivAsa karanA / 2. zrAvakoM ke dhArmika kAryoM meM muniyoM dvArA sahayoga / 3. tIrthayAtrAoM kA Ayojana krnaa| 4. mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karanA evaM bhUmi Adi kA dAna grahaNa karanA / 5. vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM muniyoM dvArA vastra-dhAraNa krnaa| 6. sAhitya-nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha prAcIna granthoM kA saMrakSaNa karanA / ye vizeSa pravRttiyA~ hI Age calakara bhaTTAraka-paramparA kI pramukha pravRttiyA~ bniiN| isI pRSThabhUmi ke AdhAra para bhaTTAraka-paramparA kaba se aura kaise vikasita huI usakA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| jainasaMgha aura bhaTTAraka-bhaTTAraka-paramparA kI pravRttiyA~ jaina muni-saMgha kI pravRttiyoM ke anurUpa haiM IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se bArahavIM zatAbdI taka jaina-muniyoM ke AcaraNa, sAhitya-sAdhanA evaM sAmAjika kArya Adi pravRttiyA~ bhaTTArakoM kI pravRttiyoM meM sammilita huI / ata: muni, sAdhu aura bhaTTAraka-ye zabda adhika bhinnArthaka nahIM haiM / yadyapi muni aura sAdhu zabda se dharmAcaraNa meM lIna evaM Atma-kalyANa karane vAle vyakti kA hI bodha hotA hai jabaki bhaTTAraka zabda 'svAmI' zabda kA vAcaka hai| bhaTTAraka zabda muniyoM ke lie kaba se aura kisa rUpa meM prayukta huA yaha kahanA kaThina hai, kyoMki jaina munisaMgha kA koI vyavasthita itihAsa nahIM miltaa| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki bhaTTAraka zabda kA artha bhI kramaza: parivartita hotA rahA hai / ataH isa zabda ke artha parivartana ko dhyAna se dekhanA hogA / saMskRta vyutpatti ke AdhAra para 'bhaTTAraka' zabda bhaTTa+R+aN+kana se niSpanna hotA hai jisakA artha pUjya, mAnya, AcArya, prabhu yA svAmI hotA hai / jaina muniyoM ke sAtha yaha zabda isI artha meM prayukta hotA rahA hai| __ bhaTTAraka zabda kA prayoga jaina-AgamoM meM AvazyakasUtra 3 meM huA hai| vahA~ bhaTTAraka yA bhaTTAraya kA artha pUjya se hI sambandhita hai| saskRta nATakoM meM bhaTTAraka zabda svAmI kA vAcaka bana gayA thA / 5 rAjA ke lie bhI -0 1. yathA pUjyaM jinendrANAM rUpaM lepAdinirmitam / ___ tathA pUrvamunicchAyA: pUjyA: samprati saMyatA // upAsakAdhyayana, zloka 767, pR0 300, 2. khadyotavat sudeSTAro hA dyonte kvacit kvacit / -sAgAradharmAmRta, zloka 7, pR0 11. 3. draSTavya-zAstrI, hIrAlAla-vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra kI bhUmikA, pR0 21. 4. draSTavya --- pAiasaddamahaNNavo, grantha ka 7, pR0 642 - prAkRta granthapariSad, vArANasI-5, 1963. 5. 'bhaTTAraka ito'dha yuSmAkaM sumano mUlyaM bhavatu / ' --abhijJAnazAkuntala, ilAhAbAda, 1966, pR0 342. .
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________________ bhaTTAraka paramparA isakA prayoga huA hai / " apabhraMza kAvyoM meM svayaMbhU ke paumacariu meM sAgarabuddhi bhaTTAraka kA ullekha hai, jisase vibhISaNa rAvaNa ke rAjya kA bhaviSyaphala pUchatA hai|" isase pratIta hotA hai ki IsA kI AThavIM zatAbdI meM jainamuni 'bhaTTAraka' zabda se sambodhita hote the tathA bhaviSyaphala jaise laukika kAryoM meM bhI pravRta hote the| apabhraMza ke anya kAvyoM meM bhI 'bhaDAraya' zabda prayukta huA hai / 3 ina sAhityika ullekhoM ke atirikta bhaTTAraka zabda ke prayoga ke sambandha meM kucha aitihAsika ullekha bhI prApta hote haiM, jinameM granthoM kI prazastiyA~, abhilekha evaM paTTAvaliyA~ pramukha haiM / granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM paTkhaNDAgamaTIkA dhavalA (vi0saM0 838) meM vIrasena ke sAtha bhaTTAraka vizeSaNa kA prayoga huA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki siddhAnta, chanda jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa Adi zAstroM meM nipuNa vIrasena bhaTTAraka ke dvArA yaha TIkA se likhI gayI hai| kapAyanADa TIkA jayadhavalA (vi0saM0 840 ) meM jinasena ke dvArA vIrasena ko bhaTTAraka kahA gayA hai jo vizvadarzI tathA sAkSAt kevalI the / uttarapurANa kI prazasti (vi0saM0 955) meM bhI vIrasena ko bhaTTAraka kahA gayA hai / 66 ina grantha- prazastiyoM ke atirikta paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI bhaTTAraka zabda ke aneka sandarbha milate haiN| nAgapura kI paTTAvaniyoM meM somasena bhaTTAraka, vIrasena bhaTTAraka, mANikya sena bhaTTAraka Adi aneka nAma milate haiN| jilAlekhoM meM bhI muniyoM ke sAtha bhaTTAraka zabda kA prayoga huA hai| hirevAlI zilAlekhoM meM jo vi0 saM0 1101 kA hai, poDarigaccha ke mAdhavasena kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra jaina muniyoM ke sAtha bhaTTAraka zabda prAcIna samaya se hI prayukta hotA rahA hai / ukta vivecana se yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka vizeSaNa jJAna, cAritra evaM sAhitya-sAdhanA meM viziSTa sthAna rakhane vAle muniyoM ke lie prayukta huA hai| saMbhavataH ina muniyoM kA svAmitva, pANDitya jJAna evaM cAritra utkRSTa hone se hI inheM bhaTTAraka kahA gayA hai| Age calakara yaha bhaTTAraka zabda bhautika vastuoM evaM pada 7 ke svAmitva kA bhI dyotaka bana gayA hogA / DaoN0 joharApurakara ne 'bhaTTAraka saMpradAya' nAmaka pustaka meM bhaTTAraka saMpradAya ke jina gaNoM aura gacchoM kA paricaya diyA hai tathA unase sambandhita prAcIna lekhoM, prasastiyoM kA saMkalita kiyA hai, unameM bhaTAraka zabda AThavI se dazavIM zatAbdI taka ke sAkSyoM meM bahuta kama prayukta huA hai| kintu terahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda bhaTTAraka zabda prAyaH sabhI paTTadharoM ke sAtha prayukta milatA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka zabda kisI saMpradAya yA paramparA kA dyotaka nahIM thA, kevala sambodhana athavA pUjya ke artha meM muniyoM ke sAtha usakA prayoga hotA thA / jaba aneka gaNoM ke muniyoM kI kArya-praNAlI eka sI ho gayI aura unake guru bhaTTAraka ke nAma se prasiddha the to bAda ke ziSya 1. svasti samastabhuvanAdhayazrI pRthvI vallabha mahArAjAdhirAjaparamezvarabhaTTAraka bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, 0. 2. pabhaNai sAyarabuddhi bhaTTArau / kusumAuha - sara-pasara - NivArau // - paumacariu, 21 saMdhi, 1. 3. draSTavya bhavisayattakA Adi / 4. siddhAMta chaMda joisa vAyaraNa pamANa sattha NivaNeNa / lihiesA vIrasena // 5. zrIvIrasena ityAttabhaTTArakapRyudhaH / bhaTTAraeNa TIkA pAradRzvAdivizvAnAM sAkSAdiva sa kevalI // / joharApurakara, vidyAdhara -- dhavalAprazasti, pR0 36. - jayavavalATIkA, bhAga 1 prastAvanA, pR0 66. 6. AcArya, guNabhadra uttarapurANa, pratyaprazasti 2-4 002. 7. draSTavya -- joharApurakara, bhtttt| raka saMpradAya, lekha 37, 38, 40, pR0 13-14 8. svasti zrImatuzrImUlasaMpada senagaNada porincha candrabhasiddhAMtadevasiya mAdhavasena bhaTTArakadevaru / joharApurakara, bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, pR0 7 para uta .
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________________ 70 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : SaNTha khaNDa bhI bhaTTAraka kahe jAne lge| terahavIM se satrahavIM zatAbdI taka bhaTTAraka zabda eka gaNa vizeSa aura pravRttivizeSa kA dyotaka ho gyaa| vastra-dhAraNa kA aucitya-zvetAmbara paramparA ke caityavAsI aura vanavAsI muni to vastra-dhAraNa karate hI the| samaya ke prabhAva se digambara paramparA ke caityavAsI muniyoM meM bhI vastra-dhAraNa kA vidhAna kara diyA gayA thaa| vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke zrutasAgarasUri ne likhA hai ki kalikAla meM mlecchAdi yatiyoM ko nagna dekhakara upadrava karate haiM, isa kAraNa maNDapadurga meM zrIvasaMtakIrti ne vastra dhAraNa karane kA apavAda rUpa meM vidhAna kiyA thA / ' yaha vasaMtakIti vikrama saMvat 1264 ke lagabhaga hue haiM / isa samaya taka samAja meM musalamAnoM kA AtaMka bhI bar3ha rahA thaa| ataH svAbhAvika hai ki digambara sAdhu terahavIM zatAbdI meM bAhara nikalate samaya lajjA-nivAraNa ke lie vastra-dhAraNa karaNe lge| ___ vastutaH bhaTTAraka samAja meM Adarza muni ke rUpa meM mAnya the| kintu kAlAntara meM bhaTTAraka-pITha bhautika sAmagriyoM se sampanna ho gaye aura pIThAdhIza bhaTTAraka svacchanda pravRttiyoM meM Asakta ho gaye / phalataH bhaTTArakoM kA prabhAva kSINa ho gayA / adhunA aneka bhaTTAraka pITha haiM parantu unakA digambara samAja meM vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| 0000 1. kalau kila mlecchAdayo nagnaM dRSTvopadravaM kurvanti tena maNDapadurge zrIvasaMtakIrtinA svAminAcaryAdivelAdAM taTTIsAdarAdikena zarIramAcchAdya caryAdikaM kRtvA punastanmucyantItyupadezaH kRta: saMyaminAM ityapavAdaveSaH / -SaTprAbhRtaTIkA, pR0 21 2. draSTavya--premI, nAthUrAma-jana sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 460