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________________ DaoN0 maMgaladeva zAstrI pUrva upakulapati saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI. bhAratIya saMskRti kA vAstavika dRSTikoNa bhAratIya saMskRti ke viSaya meM Ajakala jo vicAra-vibhrama phailA huA hai usako dUra ne ke liye, isa lekha meM hama bhAratIya saMskRti ke viSaya meM kucha maulika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate hue usake vAstavika dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa karanA cAhate haiM. sabase pahale hama bhAratIya saMskRti svabhAvataH pragatizIla hai, isa siddhAnta ko lete haiM : bhAratIya saMskRti kI pragatizIlatA prAcIna jAtiyoM meM apanI prathAoM, apane AcAra vicAroM aura apanI saMskRti ko atyanta prAcIna kAla se Ane vAlI avicchinna paramparA ke rUpa meM mAnane kI pravRtti sarvatra dekhane meM AtI hai. aneka dhArmika yA rAjanaitika prabhAva vAle vaMzoM kI, yahAM taka ki dhArmika mAnyatAoM se saMbaddha aneka nadiyoM Adi kI bhI, daivI yA lokottara utpatti ke mUla meM yahI pravRtti kAma karatI huI dIkha par3atI hai. bhAratavarSa meM bhI yaha pravRtti apane pUrNa vistRta aura vyApaka rUpa meM cirakAla se calI A rahI hai. isI ke pariNAmasvarUpa deza kI sAdhAraNa janatA meM prAyaH aisI bhAvanA baddhamUla ho gayI hai ki usakI dhArmika aura sAMskRtika rUr3hiyAM sadA se eka hI rUpa meM calI AyI haiM. dUsare zabdoM meM, sAmpradAyika dRSTi ke loga bhAratIya saMskRti ko, pragatizIla yA parivartanazIla na mAnakara, sadA se eka hI rUpa meM rahane vAlI sthitizIla mAnane lage haiM. 'sanAtana dharma' yA 'zAzvata dharma' jaise zabdoM ke prAyaH durupayoga dvArA ukta bhAvanA meM aura bhI dRr3hatA lAyI gayI hai. parantu vijJAna-mUlaka aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhane para tatkAla yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yadyapi bhAratIya saMskRti kI sUtrAtmA cirantana kAla se calI A rahI hai, vaha apane bAhya rUpa kI dRSTi se barAbara parivartanazIla aura pragatizIla rahI hai. vaidika tathA paurANika upAsya devoM kI pArasparika tulanA se hamArI devatA-viSayaka mAnyatAoM meM samaya-bheda se hone vAlA mahAn parivartana spaSTa ho jAtA hai. samaya-bheda se brahma Adi kI pUjA kI pravRtti aura usake vilopa se bhI yahI bAta spaSTatayA siddha hotI hai. isI prakAra ke do-cAra anya nidarzanoM ko bhI yahAM denA anupayukta na hogA. 'yajJa' zabda ko lIjie. vaidika kAla meM isakA prayoga prAyeNa devatAoM ke yajanArtha kiye jAne vAle karma-kalApa ke liye hI hotA thA. para kAlAntara meM aneka kAraNoM se vaidika karma-kANDa ke zithila ho jAne para yahI zabda adhika vyApaka arthoM meM prayukta hone lagA. isI parivartita dRSTi ke kAraNa bhagavadgItA,' meM vaidika yajJoM ke sAtha-sAtha (jinako 1. dekhie bhagavadgItA 4 / 25-30, 32 tathA 2042-43. Jain Educatie mati ale & Pedofalu Oy emandry.org
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________________ 532 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : tRtIya adhyAya vaha 'dravya-yajJa' kahatI hai,) tapoyajJa, yogayajJa, jJAnayajJa Adi kA bhI ullekha karatI hai. svAmI dayAnanda ke anusAra to 'zilpa-vyavahAra aura padArtha-jIvana jo ki jagat ke upakAra ke liye kiyA jAtA hai usako (bhI) yajJa kahate haiM." AcArya binovA bhAve kA bhUdAna-yajJa to Aja sabakI jihvA para hai. isI prakAra 'Rgveda, yajurveda' 'Ayurveda' 'dhanurveda' Adi zabdoM meM prayukta 'veda' zabda spaSTatayA kisI samaya sAmAnyena vidyA yA jJAna ke artha meM prayukta hotA thA. kAlAntara meM yaha anekAneka zAkhAoM meM vistRta mantra-brAhmaNAtmaka vaidika sAhitya ke liye hI prayukta hone lagA. una zAkhAoM meM se anekoM kA to aba nAmamAtra bhI zeSa nahIM hai. yahI 'veda' zabda aba prAyeNa upalabdha vaidika saMhitAoM ke lie hI prayukta hone lagA hai. isI prakAra 'varNa' zabda ke bhI vibhinna prayogoM meM samaya bheda se parivartita hone vAlI varNa-viSayaka dRSTiyoM kA prabhAva dikhAyA jA sakatA hai. 'yajJa' Adi jaise mahattva ke zabdoM kA samaya-bheda se hone vAlA bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayoga spaSTatayA vicAroM meM ghAtapratighAta tathA sAmayika AvazyakatAoM ke phalasvarUpa hone vAlI bhAratIya saMskRti kI pragati kI ora hI saMketa karatA hai. AcAra-vicAra kI dRSTi se bhI anekAneka spaSTa udAharaNoM se bhAratIya saMskRti kabhI sthitizIla na hokara sadA pragatizIla yA parivartanazIla rahI hai, isa siddhAnta kI puSTi kI jA sakatI hai. zUdra, atizUdra kahalAne vAlI bhAratIya jAtiyoM ke prati hamArI kaThora dRSTi aura vyavahAra meM sAmayika paristhitiyoM aura santa mahAtmAoM ke AndolanoM ke kAraNa zanaiHzanaiH hone vAlA vikAsonmukha parivartana bhAratIya saMskRti kI pragatizIlatA kA eka ujjvala udAharaNa hai. 'na zUdrAya matiM dadyAt (zUdra ko kisI prakAra kA upadeza na de), tathA padhu ha vo etacchmazAnaM yacchUdrastasmAcchUdrasamIpe nAdhyetavyam (zUdra to mAno calatA-phiratA zmazAna hai. isalie usake samIpa meM vedAdi nahIM par3hanA cAhie, zUdra ke prati isa kaThora aura azobhana dRSTi se cala kara usako 'harijana' mAnane kI dRSTi meM spaSTatayA AkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai.4 isI prakAra vibhinna videzI jAtiyoM ko AtmasAt (hama isako 'zuddhi' nahIM mAnate) karane meM, videzoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke saMdeza ko pahu~cAne meM, aura veda, aura zAstroM kI duradhigama koThariyoM meM banda usa sandeza ko janatA kI bhASA meM, prAyaH janatA ke hI sacce pratinidhi santa-mahAtmAoM dvArA, sarva sAdhAraNa ke lie sulabha kiye jAne meM, hameM uparyukta pragatizIlatA kA siddhAnta hI kAma karatA huA dIkhatA hai. bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa ke lambe kAla meM aise sthala bhI avazya Ate haiM jaba ki usake rUpa meM hone vAle parivartana ApAtataH vikAsonmukha pragati ko nahIM dikhalAte. to bhI ve usakI sthiti-zIlatA ko to siddha karate hI haiM. sAtha hI, jaise svAsthya-vijJAna kI dRSTi se rogAvasthA arucikara hone para bhI hamAre svAsthya-virodhI tattvoM ko ubhAr3a kara unako nAza karake hamAre svAsthya meM sahAyaka hotI hai, usI prakAra ApAtataH avAMchanIya parivartanoM ko samajhanA cAhie. kabhI-kabhI una parivartanoM ke mUla meM hamArI jAtIya AtmarakSA kI svAbhAvika pravRtti yA sAmayika AvazyakatA bhI kAma karatI huI dIkhatI hai. isalie una parivartanoM ke kAraNa bhAratIya saMskRti kI pragatizIlatA ke hamAre uparyukta sAmAnya siddhAMta meM koI kSati nahIM AtI. 1. svAmI dayAnanda-kRta 'AryoddezyaratnamAlA' se. 2. manusmRti 4.80. 3. dekhie-'vedAntasUtra-zAMkarabhASya' 1.3.38. 4. isa dRSTi-bheda ke vistRta itihAsa meM eka prakAra se bhAratIya saMskRti kA sArA itihAsa pratibimbita rUpa meM dikhAyA jA sakatA hai. hama isa para svatantrarUpa se phira kabhI vicAra karanA cAhate haiM.
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________________ DA0 maMgaladeva zAstrI : bhAratIya saMskRti kA vAstavika dRSTikoNa : 533 yaha pragatizIlatA yA parivartanazIlatA kA siddhAMta kevala hamArI kalpanA nahIM hai hamAre dharmazAstroM ne bhI isako mukta kaNTha se svIkAra kiyA hai. dharmazAstroM kA kali-vayaM prakaraNa' prasiddha hai. isameM prAcIna kAla meM kisI samaya pracalita gomedha, azvamedha, niyogaprathA Adi kA kalayuga meM niSedha kiyA gayA hai. vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa bhAratIya saMskRti ke svarUpa meM pragati yA parivartana hote rahe haiM isa bAta kA, hamAre dharmazAstroM ke hI zabdoM meM, isase adhika spaSTa pramANa milanA kaThina hogA. isake atirikta, pratyeka yuga meM usakI AvazyakatA ke anusAra 'dharma' kA parivartana hotA rahatA hai, isa sAmAnya siddhAMta kA pratipAdana bhI dharmazAstroM meM spakRta: milatA hai. udAharaNArtha : anye kRtayuge dharmAstretAyAM dvApara yuge / anye kaliyuge nRNAM yugarUpAnusArataH / yugeSvAvartamAneSu dharmo'pyAvartate punaH / dharmavvAvartamAneSu loko'pyAvartate punaH / zrutizca zaucamAcAraH pratikAlaM vibhidyate / nAnA dharmAH pravartante mAnavAnAM yuge-yuge / arthAt, satyayuga, tretA, dvApara aura kaliyuga meM yuga ke rUpa yA paristhiti ke anusAra 'dharma' kA parivartana hotA rahatA hai. yuga-yuga meM manuSyoM kI zruti (dhArmika mAnyatA kI pustaka yA sAhitya), zauca (svacchatA kA svarUpa aura prakAra) aura AcAra (AcAra-vicAra yA vyavahAra) sAmayika AvazyakatAoM ke anusAra badalate rahate haiM. dharmazAstroM kI aisI spaSTa ghoSaNA ke hone para bhI, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki hamAre prAcIna dharmazAstrI vidvAnoM ke bhI mana meM 'bhAratIya saMskRti sthitizIla hai' yaha dhAraNA baiThI huI hai. gAMdhI-yuga se pahale ke sAMpradAyika vidvAnoM ke zAstrArtha aba bhI logoM ko smaraNa hoMge. unameM yahI nirarthaka tathA upahAsAspada jhagar3A rahatA thA ki hamArA siddhAMta sanAtana hai yA tumhArA. aba bhI yaha dhAraNA hamAre deza meM kAphI ghara kiye hue hai. isI ke kAraNa sAMpradAyika kaTu bhAvanA tathA saMkIrNa vicAra-dhArA aba bhI hamAre deza meM sira uThAne ko aura hamAre sAmAjika jIvana ko viSAkta karane ko sadA taiyAra rahatI hai. isalie bhAratIya saMskRti kI sabase pahalI maulika AvazyakatA yaha hai ki usako hama svabhAvataH pragatizIla ghoSita kareM. usI dazA meM bhAratIya saMskRti apanI prAcIna paramparA, prAcIna sAhitya aura itihAsa kA ucita sammAna tathA garva karate hae apane antarAtmA kI saMdeza-rUpI mAnava-kalyANa kI saccI bhAvanA se Age bar3hatI huI, vartamAna prabuddha bhArata ke hI lie nahIM, apitu saMsAra bhara ke lie unnati aura zAnti ke mArga ko dikhAne meM sahAyaka ho sakatI hai. yaha kArya 'hamArA Adarza yA lakSya bhaviSya meM hai, pazcAddazitA meM nahIM' yahI mAnane se ho sakatA hai. bhAratIya saMskRti rUpI gaMgA kI dhArA sadA Age hI bar3hatI jAegI, pIche nahIM loTegI. prAcIna yuga jaisA bhI rahA ho, punaH usI rUpa meM lauTa kara nahIM A sakatA, hamArA kalyANa hamAre bhaviSya ke nirmANa meM nihita hai, hama usake nirmANa meM apanI prAcIna jAtIya saMpatti ke sAtha-sAtha navIna jagat meM prApya saMpatti kA bhI upayoga kareMge. yahI bhAratIya saMskRti kI pragatizIlatA ke siddhAnta kA rahasya aura hRdaya hai. bhAratIya saMskRti kA dUsarA siddhAMta usakA asAmpradAyika honA hai. yahA~ hama usI kI vyAkhyA kareMge: 1. dekhie-'atha kalivAni. bRhannAradIye-samudrayAtuH svIkAraH kamaNDaluvidhAraNam / "devarAcca sutotpattimadhuparke ca gorvadhaH / mAMsadAnaM tathA zrAddhe vAnaprasthAzramastathA / "naramedhAzvamedhako / gomevazca tathA makhaH / imAn dharmAn kaliyuge vAnAhurmanISiNaH // 'ityAdi -nirNayasindhu, kalivayaMprakagaraNa. UICK Jaintduce KIS Ronse of pa pelibrary.org
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________________ 534 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : tRtIya adhyAya bhAratIya saMskRti kI asAMpradAyikatA saMskRta meM prAcIna kAla se eka kahAvata calI A rahI hai ki : zrutayo vibhinnAH smRtayo vibhinnA, naiko muniryasya mataM pramANam / arthAt zrutiyoM aura smRtiyoM meM paraspara vibhinna mata pAye jAte haiM. yahI bAta muniyoM ke viSaya meM bhI ThIka hai. isakA abhiprAya yahI hai ki kisI bhI sabhya samAja meM matabheda aura tanmUlaka sampradAyoM kA bheda yA bAhulya svAbhAvika hotA hai. isakA mUla kAraNa manovaijJAnika dRSTi se manuSyoM kI svAbhAvika pravRtti aura ruci meM bheda kA honA hI hai. koI vyakti svabhAva se hI jJAna-pradhAna, koI karma-pradhAna aura koI bhakti yA bhAvanA-pradhAna hotA hai. phira samaya-bheda tathA deza-bheda se bhI manuSyoM kI pravRttiyoM meM bheda dekhA jAtA hai. registAna ke zuSka pradeza meM rahane vAloM ke aura baMgAla jaise namI pradhAna pradeza meM rahane vAloM ke svabhAvoM meM antara honA svAbhAvika hI hai. aise hI kAraNoM se bhArata varSa jaise vizAla aura prAcIna paramparA vAle deza meM anekAneka sampradAyoM kA honA bilkula svAbhAvika hai. eka sImA taka yaha sampradAya-bheda svAbhAvika hone ke kAraNa vyaktiyoM kI satpravRttiyoM ke vikAsa kA sAdhaka hotA hai. yaha tabhI hotA hai jaba ki una vibhinna sampradAyoM ke logoM ke sAmane koI aisA uccatara Adarza hotA hai jo una sabako paraspara saMgaThita aura sammilita rahane kI preraNA de sakatA ho. parantu prAyaH aisA dekhA jAtA hai ki sAMpradAyika netAoM kI svArtha buddhi aura dharmAndhatA yA asahiSNutA ke kAraNa sampradAyoM kA vAtAvaraNa dUSita, saMgharSamaya aura viSAkta ho jAtA hai. usa dazA meM sampradAya-bheda apane anuyAyiyoM ke tathA deza ke liye bhI atyanta hAnikAraka Ara ghAtaka siddha hotA hai. bhAratIya saMskRti kI AMtarika dhArA meM cirantana se sahiSNutA kI bhAvanA kA pravAha calA AyA hai. to bhI, bhAratavarSa meM sampradAyoM kA itihAsa bahuta kucha uparyukta doSoM se yukta ho rahA hai. Arthika aura rAjanItika svArthoM ke kAraNa aura kucha aMzoM meM dharmAndhatA ke kAraNa bhI apane-apane netAoM dvArA sampradAyoM kA aura svabhAvataH zAMti-pradhAna, para bholI-bhAlI aura mUrkha, janatA kA paryApta durupayoga kiyA gayA hai. sAmpradAyika vaimanasya aura atyAcAra kA ullekha karane para Ajakala tatkAla hindU-musalima vaimanasya yA pichalI zatAbdiyoM meM dakSiNa bhArata meM IsAiyoM dvArA hindU janatA para kiye AtyAcAra sAmane A jAte haiM. yaha saba to nissandeha ThIka hI hai. para sAmpradAyika asahiSNutA aura atyAcAra kA vizuddha bhAratIya sampradAyoM meM abhAva rahA hai, yaha na samajha lenA cAhie. paurANika tathA dharmazAstrIya saMskRta sAhitya meM vaNita una vyaktigata athavA sAmUhika atyAcAroM ke AkhyAnoM yA vidhAnoM ko, jo vAstava meM sAmpradAyika asahiSNutA-mUlaka yA usake byAja meM rAjanItika-mUlaka the, jAne dIjie. hama usakA ullekha yahA~ nahIM kareMge. yahA~ kucha anya nidarzanoM ko denA paryApta hogA. udAharaNArthaH 'zramaNa-brAhmaNam' (vyAkaraNa-mahAbhASya 2.4.6) pada ke AdhAra para zramaNoM (arthAta jaina-bauddhoM) aura brAhmaNoM meM sarpa aura nakula jaisI zatrutA kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai. IsavI zatiyoM ke prArambhika kAla ke AsapAsa isa zatrutA ne bhAratavarSa ke rAjanItika tathA dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM jo halacala macA rakhI thI, vaha itihAsakAra se chipI nahIM hai. 1. udAharaNArtha, skanda-purANAntargata sUtasaMhitA meM zaiva saMpradAya ke virodhiyoM ke bAdhana aura zirazchedana kA spaSTatayA vidhAna kiyA hai, jaise zivayAtrAparANAM tu bAdhakAnAM tu bAdhanam | zivabhaktiriti proktA"|| bhasmasAdhana niSThAnAM dRSakasya "chedanaM zirasaH // (sUtasaMhitA 4 / 26/26-32) / rAmAyaNa meM bhagavAn rAmacandra dvArA zambaka (zadra) kA vadha prasiddha hai| veda sunane mAtra ke aparAdha ke lie zadra ke kAnoM meM rAMgA pilAne kI carcA prasiddha hI hai. ao BEISRINESININ SINEERIMISENISISEISENASENE Tomatml ely.org
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________________ DaoN. maMgaladeva zAstrI : bhAratIya saMskRti kA vAstavika dRSTikoNa : 535 Aja kI asAmpradAyika bhArata sarakAra ke viruddha sampradAya-vAdiyoM kA Andolana usake sAmane kucha bhI nahIM hai. bhagavAn manu ne apanI manusmRti meM jaina jaise sampradAyoM ko nAstika hI nahIM kahA hai, unake dharmagraMthoM ko bhI 'kudRSTi' 'tamoniSTha' (ajJAnamUlaka) aura 'niSphala' kahA hai.' hastinA tADyamAno'pi na gacchejjainamandiram / (arthAt madamatta hAthI se pIchA kiye jAne para bhI, jaina-mandira meM na jAe) aise vacanoM se aura dakSiNa bhArata meM pUrvamadhya kAla meM anekAneka jaina-bauddha mandiroM ko balAt chIna kara paurANika mandiroM kA rUpa dene meM bhI sAMpradAyika vidveSa aura atyAcAra ke hI nidarzana hamAre sAmane Ate haiM. isake atirikta, nIce likhe uddharaNoM ko bhI dekhie : trayo vedasya kartAro bhaNDadhUrtanizAcarAH / (vedoM ke banAne vAle bhAMDa, dhUrta aura nizAcara ye tIna the), dhig dhik kapAlaM bhasmarudAkSavihInam / taM tyajedantyaM yathA / (bhasma aura rudrAkSa se jisakA kapAla vihIna hai usakA antyaja ke samAna dUra se hI parityAga kara de), bhavavatadharA ye ca ye ca tAn samanuvratAH / pASaNDinaste bhavantu scchaastrpripnthinH| -bhAgavata 4.2.28. (arthAt, zaivadharma ke anuyAyI vAstava meM pAkhaNDI aura sacchAstra ke virodhI haiM.) yathA zmazAna kASThaM sarvakarmasu garhitam / tathA cakrAGkito vipraH sarvakarmasu garhitaH / (arthAt zmazAna ke kASTha ke samAna hI cakrAMkita vaiSNava kA saba karmoM se bahiSkAra karanA cAhie. ) isI prakAra hamAre aneka dhArmika graMtha, zaiva, vaiSNava, jaina, bauddha Adi saMpradAyoM ke paraspara vidveSa ke bhAvoM se bhare par3e hai. isa sAmpradAyika vidveSa bhAvanA ne hamAre dArzanika granthoM para bhI kahAM taka avAMchanIya prabhAva DAlA hai, isakA acchA namUnA hamako 'mAdhvamukhabhaMga' 'mAdhvamukhacapeTika' durjana-kari-paMcAnana' jaise granthoM ke nAmoM se hI mila jAtA hai. ina nAmoM meM vidvajjana sulabha zAlInatA kA kitanA abhAva hai. yaha kahane kI bAta nahIM hai. darzanazAstra kA viSaya aisA hai jisakA prArambha hI vAstava meM sAmpradAyikatA kI saMkIrNa bhAvanA kI sImA kI samApti para honA cAhie. isalie dArzanika kSetra meM vibhinna saMpradAyoM ke loga saMkIrNatA se Upara uTha kara, sadbhAvanA aura sauhArda ke svaccha vAtAvaraNa meM ekatra sammilita ho sakate haiM. parantu bhAratavarSa meM dArzanika sAhitya kA vikAsa prAyeNa sAMpradAyika saMgharSa ke vAtAvaraNa meM hI huA thA. isalie unauna sampradAyoM se saMpRkta vibhinna darzanoM ke sAhitya se bhI prAyaH sAMpradAyikatA ko protsAhana milatA rahA hai. nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM kA vikAsa zaiva sampradAya se huA hai. yoga kI paramparA kA bhI jhukAva zaiva sampradAya kI ora adhika hai. rahe pUrva-mImAMsA, vedAnta, bauddha aura jaina-darzana-inakA to spaSTatayA ghaniSTha sambandha vaidika, vaiSNava, bauddha aura jaina-sampradAyoM se hI rahA hai. eka sAMkhya-darzana aisA hai jisakI dRSTi prArambha se hI vizuddha dArzanika rahI hai. para isIlie use vedAntasUtra-zAMkarabhASya' Adi meM avaidika kaha kara tiraskRta kiyA gayA hai. 1. dekhie-'yA vedahyAH smRtayo yAzca kAzca kudRSTayaH / sarvAstA niSphalAH pretya tamoniSThA hi tAH smRtAH'-manusmRti 12.95. 2. isa viSaya meM rAjazekharasUrikRta SaDdarzana-samuccaya, tathA haribhadrasUrikRta SaDdarzana-samuccaya ko bhI dekhie. 3. dekhie 'na tayA zrutiviruddhamapi kApilaM mataM zraddhAtu zakyam'-vedAntasUtrazAMkarabhASya 2.1.1. Jain KENANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANONOSOM,.rg
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________________ Jain E 536 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : tRtIya adhyAya sAMpradAyika bhAvanA kI taraha hI jAti-pAMti kA ananta bheda bhI bhAratIya samAja meM vaiSamya kA kAraNa rahA hai. aba bhI nAnA rUpoM meM hamAre samAja meM phailA huA isakA viSa hamAre aneka kAryakarttAoM ko 'antaH zAktA bahiH zaivAH sabhAmadhye ca vaiSNavA' isa ukti kA lakSya banAtA rahatA hai. isa prakAra cirakAla se prAyeNa vicAra-saMkIrNatA aura paraspara saMgharSa kI bhAvanA se paripUrNa saMpradAyavAda, tadabhibhUta dArzanika sAhitya aura jAti-pAMti ke bheda-bhAva se jarjarita bhAratIya janatA meM eka jAtIyatA ke navIna jIvana kA saMcAra karane ke liye, mAno eka upAsya deva ke rUpa meM, ekamAtra pragatizIla tathA asAMpradAyika bhAratIya saMskRti ke Adarza kA hI Azraya liyA jA sakatA hai. bhAratIya saMskRti asAmpradAyika hai, isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti kA sampradAya - vizeSa se koI virodha yA jhagar3A hai. pratyuta naitikatA tathA mAnava hita kI bhAvanA kI sImA ke andara vaha sampradAyoM kA sammAna karatI hai aura kisI mukhya dhArA kI sahAyaka nadiyoM ke samAna, unako apanA upakAraka aura pUraka mAnatI hai. naiyAyikoM kI jAti, jaise vyaktiyoM se pRthak hote hue bhI unase pRthak nahIM rahatI, isI prakAra saMskRti bhAratIya saMpradAyoM se pRthak arthAt svayaM asAmpradAyika hote hue bhI unase pRthak nahIM hai. isI kAraNa, bhAratIya saMskRti ke nAte se, sampradAyoM kA paraspara sambandha Adarayukta aura sauhArda pUrNa honA cAhie. unameM hor3a yA spardhA bhI ho to vaha mAnava hita aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke mahatva ko bar3hAne vAlI bAtoM meM honI cAhie. isa prakAra asAmpradAyika bhAratIya saMskRti kI bhAvanA hI sampradAyoM meM pArasparika saMgharSa kI bhAvanA ko naSTa kara unako apane vizuddha kartavya pAlana ke lie preraNA de sakatI hai. bhAratIya saMskRti kA tIsarA siddhAMta hai : bhAratIya saMskRti kI bhArata ke samasta itihAsa meM mamatva-bhAvanA bhAratIya saMskRti kI satata pravahaNa-zIla dhArA kI tulanA bhagavatI gaMgA kI dhArA se kI jA sakatI hai. jaise gaMgA kI dhArA meM mUla kisI ajJAta sthAna se nikala kara, anekAneka duradhigama tathA durgama U~ce-nIce parvatoM aura pradezoM meM hotI huI, aneka vibhinna dhArAoM ke jalapravAhoM ko AtmasAt karatI huI, anta meM sundara ramaNIka samatala pradezoM meM praveza kara navInatara gambhIratA, vistAra aura pravAha ke sAtha Age kI ora hI bahatI hai, ThIka usI taraha bhAratIya saMskRti kI dhArA kisI prAgaitihAsika ajJAta yuga se prArambha hokara, anukUla tathA pratikUla vibhinna paristhitiyoM meM se gujaratI huI tathA vibhinna prakAra kI vicAradhArAoM ko AtmasAt karatI huI zanaiH zanaiH apane vizAlatara aura gambhIratara rUpa meM Age bar3hatI huI hI dikhAyI detI hai. viziSTa sthAnoM ke viziSTa mAhAtmya ke hone para bhI jaise gaMgA kI samasta dhArA meM hamArI mAnyatA hai, isI prakAra bhAratIya saMskRti kI dRSTi se usakI pUrI dhArA meM, dUsare zabdoM meM, bhArata ke samasta itihAsa meM hamArI mamatva kI bhAvanA honI cAhie. aise kiye vinA na to, 'bhAratIya saMskRti' zabda kI hI koI sArthakatA rahegI aura na dezavyApI bhAratIyatva kI bhAvanA ko hI hama jIvita rakha sakeMge. parantu durbhAgya se aba taka hamArI sthiti prAyaH ukta siddhAMta ke pratikUla hI rahI hai. sAMpradAyikatA, nirAzAvAda aura tajjanita pazcAddRSTi kI bhAvanA, vibhinna saMkIrNa svArtho kI kSati aura unake prAcIna kAla ke kucha kalpita aura kucha vAstavika, abhyudaya kI nirAzAprada smRti, ityAdi aneka kAraNoM se hama ukta Avazyaka siddhAMta kI prAya: avahelanA karate rahe haiM, aura yaha pravRtti aba taka hamameM vidyamAna hai. hamAre dharmazAstroM meM yugoM ke krama se dharma ke hrAsa kA siddhAMta, purANoM meM 'nandAntaM kSatriyakulam (arthAt nandoM ke rAjyA rUr3ha hone para vaidika paramparA ke poSaka jo 'kSatriya' rAjA the unakA anta ho gayA ) yaha kathana, athavA kaliyuga ke duSprabhAva kA varNana, ye saba usI pravRtti ke nidarzana haiM. vaidika paramparA ke usa antima yuga ke dinoM meM, jaba ki janmanA jAtivAda khUba bar3ha gayA thA aura hamAre yajJoM ne bhI kevala yAntrika dravya yajJoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thA, sAdhAraNa janatA ke hita kI AvAja uThAne vAle bauddha aura lorary.org
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________________ DA. maMgaladeva zAstrI : bhAratIya saMskRti kA vAstavika dRSTikoNa : 537 jainadhoM ke abhyudaya se tathA prAyaH usI ke phala-svarUpa rAjanItika prAdhAnya ke dUsaroM ke hAthoM meM cale jAne se, vaidika sampradAya ke netAoM meM svabhAvataH utpanna hone vAlI nirAzA ne hI uparyukta vicAroM ko janma diyA thA, isI sAMpradAyika (tathA rAjanItika) pratikriyA ke kAraNa hama dekhate haiM ki una zatAbdiyoM ke tathA taduttarakAlIna saMskRta sAhitya meM vizva ko camatkRta karane vAle bauddha-dharma sambandhI rAjanItika tathA dhArmika abhyudaya kI kucha bhI carcA nahIM hai. yadi Adhunika aitihAsika anusandhAna isake uddhAra ko apane hAtha meM na letA, to bhAratavarSa ke gaurava aura garva ke isa svarNa-yuga ke itihAsa ko hama sadA ke liye kho baiThate. aba bhI, isa vidyA aura jJAna ke yuga meM bhI, hama meM aise saMkIrNa-dRSTi vAle sAMpradAyikoM kI kamI nahIM hai jo samajhate haiM ki mahAbhArata kAla ke pazcAt bhArata kA jo bhI mahattva kA itihAsa hai, vaha unake liye arucikara na ho to bhI, unake garva aura gaurava kI vastu nahIM hai. yahA~ taka ki kAlIdAsa ke saMsAra ko mugdha karane vAle zAkuntala nATaka se, bhaktisudhA ke pravAha-rUpa bhAgavata se, yA bhArata kI koTizaH janatA kI dhArmika athavA AdhyAtmika pipAsA ko zAnta karane vAle santoM ke sAhitya se bhI koI vAstavika ullAsa yA prasannatA prApta nahIM hotI. isa prakAra kI ekAMgI yA pakSapAta kI dRSTi se na to hama bhAratIya saMskRti ke pravAha aura paramparA ko hI samajha sakate haiM, aura na hama usake sAtha nyAya hI kara sakate haiM. vAstava meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke pravAha aura svarUpa ko samajhane ke liye hameM janatA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se hI usakA adhyayana karanA hogA bhAratIya itihAsa ke vibhinna kAloM kA mahattva bhI hameM, kisI sampradAya yA rAjavaMza kI dRSTi se nahIM, kintu janatA kI dRSTi se hI mAnanA par3egA. isa prakAra ke adhyayana se hI hameM pratIta hogA ki bhAratIya saMskRti kI pragati meM vaidika yuga ke samAna hI bauddha-yuga kA yA santa-yuga kA bhI mahattva rahA hai. rAjavaMzoM ke itihAsa se hI kisI deza kI saMskRti kA itihAsa samApta nahIM ho jAtA. rAjavaMza to kisI nagara ke bAhya prAkAra ke hI sthAnIya hote haiM. prAkAra ke andara praveza karane para hI prajA yA janatA ke vAstavika jIvana kA patA laga sakatA hai. isalie janatA ke jIvana ke avicchinna pravAha ko yA loka-saMskRti kI pragati ko samajhane ke liye kisI deza ke samasta itihAsa se sambandha aura saMparka sthApita karanA Avazyaka hotA hai. isI ko hamane Upara mamatva-bhAvanA zabda se kahA hai. isa mamatva-bhAvanA ke hone para hI hama apanI saMkIrNa sAMpradAyika bhAvanAoM ko pRthak rakha ke, bhArata ke samasta mahAn vyaktiyoM meM, cAhe ve kisI sampradAya ke yA jAti ke kahe jAte hoM, mamatva kA, samAdara kA, zraddhA kA aura garva kA anubhava kareMge. Ajakala ina mahAn vyaktiyoM ko sAmpradAyikoM ne apane-apane sampradAyoM kI taMga koThariyoM meM kaida kara rakhA hai. hamArA kartavya hai ki hama unako usa kaida se nikAla kara eka khule asAMpradAyika vAtAvaraNa meM lAveM, jisase unake upadezAmRta kA lAbha samasta deza ko hI kyoM, sAre saMsAra ko ho. asAmpradAyika bhAratIya-saMskRti kI bhAvanA se hI yaha ho sakatA hai. bhAratIya saMskRti ke sambandha meM antima siddhAMta hai : bhAratIya saMskRti kI akhila-bhAratIya bhAvanA bhArata ke samasta itihAsa ke mamatva-bhAvanA kI vyAkhyA karate hue hamane bhAratIya saMskRti ke aitihAsika vikAsa aura vistAra kI ora saMketa kiyA hai, usI prakAra bhAratIya saMskRti kI akhila bhAratIya bhAvanA kA saMketa usake dezakRta vistAra kI ora hai. aitihAsika vikAsa aura vistAra ke samAna hI usake akhila daizika vistAra ke sAtha bhI mamatvabhAvanA kI AvazyakatA hai. isako hamAre deza ke prAcIna netAoM ne acchI taraha anubhava kiyA thA. isIlie hamAre dhArmika tIrthasthAna deza ke konekone meM, pratyeka prAnta meM, niyata kiye gaye the. kumbha jaise dhArmika mele bhI deza ke vibhinna prAntoM meM bArI-bArI se hote C ainelorary.org
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________________ 538 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : tRtIya adhyAya haiM. isIlie tattat prAntoM meM kisI kA bhI rAjya ho, saba prAntoM ke vAsI dhArmika yAtrAoM meM samasta deza meM jAte the. sAMskRtika dRSTi se ve samasta bhArata ko apanA deza samajhate the. bhAratIya saMskRti kI akhila bhAratIya bhAvanA hI prAMtIya saMgharSoM ko bahuta-kucha niyantraNa meM rakha sakatI hai. parantu isa sambandha meM hamArA kartavya kevala prAntIya saMgharSoM ke pratikAra se hI samApta nahIM ho jAtA. hamArA uttaradAyitva isase bahuta adhika hai. Aja ke bhAratavarSa kI eka bar3I samasyA usakA sAMpradAyika saMgharSa tathA pichar3I jAtiyoM kA prazna hai. bhAratIya saMskRti kI akhila bhAratIya bhAvanA kA abhiprAya mukhyata: yaha hai ki hama ukta samasyA kA vAstavika samAdhAna bhAratIya saMskRti kI dRSTi se kara sakeM. bhAratIya saMskRti ke sambandha meM Upara dikhalAye hue siddhAMtoM ko dRSTi meM rakha kara bar3e udAra hRdaya se sAmpradAyika tathA pichar3I jAtiyoM kI samasyA ko hAtha meM lene se hI usakA samAdhAna hama kara sakeMge. sampradAyoM meM paraspara samAdara aura sammAna kI bhAvanA sthApita karane se, aise jAtIya tathA Rtu-sambandhI parvo aura vibhinna sampradAyoM ke mAnya mahApuruSoM kI jayantiyoM kI sthApanA se jinameM saba premapUrvaka bhAga le sakeM, tathA adhika-se-adhika sadbhAvanA ke sAtha bauddhika, naitika, sAhityika aura kalA-sambandhI saMparka sthApita karane se hI sAMpradAyika samasyA kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai. Jain Education Intemational