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________________ bhAratIya darzanoMkA mUla AdhAra 'darzana' zabda saMskRta bhASAkA zabda hai / yaha zabda saMskRtavyAkaraNake anusAra "dRzyate nirNIyate vastutattvamaneneti darzanam' athavA 'dRzyate = nirNIyata idaM ( vastu tattvaM ) iti darzanam" ina donoM vyutpattiyoMke AdhArapara "dRz" dhAtuse niSpanna hotA hai| pahalI vyutpattike AdhArapara niSpanna 'darzana' zabda taka, vitarka maMthana yA parIkSA svarUpa usa vicAradhArAkA nAma hai jo tattvoMke nirNayameM prayojaka huA karatI hai| dUsarI vyutpattike AdhArapara niSpanna 'darzana' zabdakA artha ullikhita vicAradhArA dvArA nirNIta tattvoMkI svIkAratA hotA hai| isa prakAra 'darzana' zabda dArzanika jagatameM ina donoM prakArake arthoMmeM vyavahRta huA hai arthAt bhinnabhinna darzanoMkI jo tattvasambandhI mAnyatAyeM haiM unako aura jina tArkika muddoMke AdhArapara una mAnyatAoMkA samarthana hotA hai una tArkika muddoMko darzanazAstrake antargata svIkAra kiyA hai / vartamAna dRzya jagatakI paraMparAko sabhI darzanoMmeM kisI-na-kisI rUpase anAdi svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isalie jagatakI isa paraMparAmeM na mAlama kitane darzana vikAsako prApta hokara vilupta ho gaye hoMge aura kauna kaha sakatA hai ki bhaviSyameM bhI naye-naye darzanoMkA prAdurbhAva nahIM hogaa| parantu Aja hama sirpha unhIM darzanoMke bAremeM kucha soca sakate haiM jo upalabdha haiM yA sAhityake AdhArapara jinakI jAnakArI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| ye darzana sabase pahale bhAratIya aura abhAratIya (pAzcAtya) darzanoMke rUpameM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| jinakA prAdurbhAva bhAratavarSa meM huA hai ve darzana bhAratIya aura jinakA prAdurbhAva bhAratavarSa ke bAhara pAzcAtya dezoMmeM huA hai ve abhAratIya yA pAzcAtya darzanoMke nAmase pukAre jAte haiN| bhAratIya darzana bhI do bhAgoMmeM vibhakta kiye gaye haiM-vaidika darzana aura avaidika darzana / vaidika paramparAke andara jinakA prAdurbhAva aura vikAsa huA hai tathA jo vaidika paramparAke poSaka darzana haiM ve vaidika darzana mAne gaye haiM aura vaidika paramparAse bhinna jinakI svataMtra paramparA hai yA jo vaidika paramparAke virodhI darzana hai unako avaidika darzana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaidika darzanoMmeM mukhyataH sAMkhya, vedAnta, mImAMsA, yoga, nyAya tathA vaizeSika darzana mAne gaye haiM aura jaina, bauddha tathA cArvAka darzanoMko avaidika darzana svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| inake alAvA choTe-moTe bhedoM aura upabhedoMke rUpa meM aura bhI vaidika tathA avaidika darzanoMko gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai, parantu anAvazyaka vicArake bhayase unheM isa vibhAgakramameM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| Ajakalake bahutase vidvAnoMmeM gotAko eka svatantra darzana mAnanekI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / parantu vAstavameM gItA kartavyarUpa dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika mahAna upadeza mAtra hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki gItAmeM sthAna-sthAnapara zrIkRSNa dvArA arjunake lie karmayogakI ora jhukanekI preraNA kI gaI hai / gItAko karmayogakA pratipAdaka grantha mAnanA bhI mere vicArake anusAra ThIka nahIM hai| lekina maiM itanA avazya svIkAra karatA hU~ ki gItAmeM karmayogake AdhArapara prAyaH samasta vaidika darzanoMke samanvaya karanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| ina vaidika aura avaidika darzanoMko dArzanika vikAsake madhya yugameM kramase Astika aura nAstika nAmoM se bhI pukArA jAne lagA thaa| parantu mAlUma par3atA hai ki vaidika aura avaidika darzanoMkA isa prakArakA nAmakaraNa vedaparamparAke samarthana aura virodhake kAraNa prazaMsA aura nindA rUpameM sAmpradAyika vyAmohake vazIbhUta logoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai, kAraNa ki yadi prANiyoMkA janmAntararUpa paraloka, svarga aura naraka tathA muktike na mAnane rUpa arthameM nAstika zabdakA prayoga kiyA jAya to jaina aura bauddha ye donoM avaidika darzana nAstika darzanoMkI koTise nikalakara Astika darzanoMkI koTimeM A jAyeMge; kyoMki ye donoM darzana prANiyoMke janmAntara
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________________ 4 sarasvatI varadaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-prantha rUpa paraloka, svarga aura naraka tathA muktikA samarthana karate haiM / aura yadi jagatakA kartA anAdinidhana Izvara ko na mAnane rUpa artha meM nAstika zabdakA prayoga kiyA jAya to sAMkhya aura mImAMsA ina donoM vaidika darzanoM ko upasthita darzanoM kI koTimese nikAlakara nAstika koTi meM paTaka denA par3egA, kyoMki ye donoM darzana anAdinidhana Izvarako jagatakA kartA mAnanese inkAra karate haiM / isa prakAra Upara batalAyA gayA sampUrNa vibhAgakrama Maratthata ho gayA hai / "nAstiko vedanindakaH" ityAdi prasiddha vAkya bhI hameM yaha batalA rahe haiM ki veda paramparAko na mAnane vAloMke bAremeM hI nAstika zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / prAyaH sabhI sampradAyavAdiyoMne apane sampradAya kI paramparAke mAnanevAloMko Astika aura apanese bhinna dUsare sampradAyakI paramparA mAnane vAloMko nAstika svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina sampradAya meM bhI jaina paramparAke mAnanevAloMko samyakdRSTi aura janetara paramparAke mAnanevAloMko mithyAdRSTi kahanekA rivAja pracalita hai| mere kahanekA matalaba yaha hai ki bhAra tIya darzanakA jo Astika aura nAstika darzanoMke rUpameM vibhAga kiyA gayA hai vaha nirarthaka evaM anucita hai / isalie unakA vibhAga ullikhita vaidika aura avaidika darzanoMke rUpameM hI karanA cAhie / . ullikhita darzanoMkI utpatti ke bAremeM jaba hama socate haiM, to hameM inake mUlameM do prakArake vAdoMkA patA calatA hai-- eka astitvavAda aura dusarA upayogitAvAda / arthAt ye sabhI darzana astitvavAda yA upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara prAdurbhUta hue haiM, aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai / jagata kyA aura kaisA hai ? jagatameM kitane padArthoMkA astitva hai ? una padArthoMke kaise-kaise pariNAma hote haiM ? ityAdi praznoMke AdhArapara sAmAnyatayA tattvoMkA vicAra karanA astitvavAda kahalAtA hai aura jagatake prANI duHkhI kyoM haiM ? ve sukhI kaise ho sakate haiM ? ityAdi praznoMke AdhArapara sirpha lokakalyANopayogI tattvoMke bAremeM vicAra karanA upayogitAvAda samajhanA cAhie / tAtparya yaha hai ki astitvavAdake AdhArapara ve saba tattva mAnyatAkI koTimeM A jAte haiM jinakA astitva pramANoMke AdhArapara siddha hotA ho aura upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara sirpha ve hI tattva mAnyatAkI koTi pahu~cate haiM jo lokakalyANake liye upayogI siddha hote hoM / merI rAyake mutAbika isa upayogitASant hI apara nAma AdhyAtmikavAda aura astitvavAdakA hI dUsarA nAma AdhibhautikavAda samajhanA cAhiye / jina vidvAnoMkA yaha khyAla hai ki samasta cetana aura acetana jagatakI sRSTi athavA vikAsa AtmAse mAnanA AyAtmikavAda aura uparyukta jagatakI sRSTi athavA vikAsa acetana arthAt jar3a padArthase mAnanA AdhibhautikavAda hai, una vidvAnoMke sAtha merA spaSTa matabheda hai aura isa matabhedase merA tAtparya yaha hai ki AdhyAtmikavAda aura AdhibhautikavAdake ullikhita arthake mutAbika jo vedAnta darzanako AdhyAtmika darzana tathA cArvAka darzanako Adhibhautika darzana mAna liyA gayA hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai| maiMne abhAratIya darzanoMkA to nahIM, parantu bhAratIya darzanoMkA jo thor3A bahuta adhyayana evaM cintana kiyA hai usase maiM isa natIjepara pahu~cA hU~ ki sAMkhya, vedAnta, mImAMsA, yoga, nyAya aura vaizeSika ye vaidika darzana tathA jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka ye sabhI avaidika darzana pUrvokta upayogitAvAda ke AdhArapara hI prAdurbhUta hue haiM, isaliye ye sabhI darzana AdhyAtmikavAdake aMtargata mAne jAne caahie| kisI bhI darzanakA anuyAyI Aja apane darzanake bAra meM yaha AkSepa sahana nahIM kara sakatA hai ki usake darzanakA vikAsa lokakalyANake lie nahIM huA hai aura isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratavarSa savaMdA dharmapradhAna deza rahA / isalie samasta bhAratIya darzanoMkA mUla AdhAra upayogitAvAdako mAnanA yuktipUrNa hai| lokakalyANazabda meM paThita lokazabda " jagatakA prANisamUha" artha meM prayukta hotA huA dekhA jAtA hai, isalie yahA~para lokakalyANazabdase " jagata ke prANisamUhakA kalyANa" artha grahaNa karanA cAhiye / koI
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________________ 4 / darzana aura nyAya : 5 koI darzana prANiyoMke dRzya aura adRzya do bheda svIkAra karate haiM aura kinhIM-kinhIM darzanoMmeM sirpha dRzya prANiyoMke astitvako hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| dRzya prANI bhI do prakArake pAye jAte haiN| eka prakArake dRzya prANI ve hai jinakA jIvana prAyaH samaSTi-pradhAna hai aura dUsare prakArake dRzya prANI ve haiM jinakA jIvana prAyaH vyaSTipradhAna hai| manuSya samaSTi-pradhAna jIvanavAle prANiyoMmeMse hai kyoMki manuSyoMkA jIvana prAyaH eka dUsare manuSyako sadbhAvanA, sahAnubhUti aura sahAyatApara nirbhara hai| bAkIke sabhI dRzya prANI pazu, pakSI, sarpa, bicchU, kITa, pataMga vagairaha vyaSTi-pradhAna jIvana vAle prANI kahe jA sakate haiM; kyoMki inake jIvanameM manuSyoM jaisI parasparakI sadbhAvanA, sahAnubhUti aura sahAyatAko AvazyakatA prAyaH dekhane meM nahIM AtI hai ! vyaSTipradhAna jIvanako samAnatAke kAraNa hI jainadarzanameM ina pazu, pakSI Adi prANiyoMkA tiryaga (tiyaMJca) nAmase pukArA jAtA hai, kAraNa ki tiryak zabdakA samAnatA arthameM prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzanakAroMne apane-apane darzanake vikAsameM apanI-apanI mAnyatAke anusAra jagatke ina dRzya aura adRzya prANiyoMke kalyANakA lakSya avazya rakhA hai| eka cArvAka darzanako chor3akara ullikhita sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMmeM prANiyoMke janmAntararUpa paraloka, svarga aura naraka tathA muktikA samarthana kiyA gayA hai, isaliye ina darzanoMke AviSkartAoMkI lokakalyANabhAvanAke prati to saMdeha karanekI guMjAiza hI nahIM hai / lekina upalabdha sAhityase jo thor3A-bahuta cArvAka darzanakA hameM digdarzana hotA hai usase usake AviSkartAkI lokakalyANa bhAvanAkA patA bhI hameM sahaja hImeM laga jAtA hai| "zratayo vibhinnA smatayo vibhinnA, naiko maniryasya vacaH pramANama / dharmasya tattvaM nihitaM guhAyAM, mahAjano yena gataH sa panthAH // " isa padyameM cArvAkadarzanakI AtmAkA spaSTa AbhAsa milatA hai| isa padya kA Azaya yaha hai ki "dharma hai| isa padya kA Azaya yaha hai ki "dharma manuSyake kartavyamArgakA nAma hai aura vaha jaba loka-kalyANake liye hai to use akhaMDa ekarUpa honA cAhiyenAnA rUpa nhiiN| lekina dharmatattvakI pratipAdaka zratiyA~ aura smRtiyA~ nAnA aura paraspara-virodhI dekhane meM AtI haiN| hamAre dharmapravartaka mahAtmAoMne bhI dharmatattvakA pratipAdana ekarUpase na karake bhinna-bhinna rUpase kiyA hai isaliye unake vacanoMko bhI sarvasammata pramANa mAnanA asambhava hai / aisI hAlatameM sarvasAdhAraNake liye dharmatattva eka gUr3ha pahelI banA huA hai / arthAt dharmatattvake samajhane meM hamAre liye zruti, smRti yA koI bhI dharmapravartaka sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatA hai / isalie dharmatattvakI pahelImeM na ulajha karake hameM apane kartavyamArgakA nirNaya mahAtmAparuSoMke kartavyamArgake AdhArapara karanA caahiye| tAtparya yaha hai ki mahAtmA puruSoMkA jIvana svaparakalyANake liye hI hotA hai, isaliye hamArA jo kartavya svaparakalyANavirodhI na ho use hI avivAda rUpase hameM dharma samajhanA caahiye|" mAlUma par3atA hai ki cArvAka darzanake AviSkartAkA antaHkaraNa dharma ke bAremeM paidA hae lokakalyANake lie khataranAka matabhedoMko dekhakara Uba gayA thA, isalie usane duniyAke samakSa isa bAtako rakhanekA prayatna kiyA thA ki janmAntararUpa paraloka-svarga aura naraka tathA makti jaise adazya tattvoMkI carcA, jo ki vivAdake kAraNa janahitakI ghAtaka ho rahI hai-ko choDakara kevala hameM aisA kartavyamArga cana lenA cAhiye, jo janahitakA sAdhaka ho sakatA hai aura aise karttavyamArgameM kisIko vivAda karanekI bhI kama guMjAiza raha sakatI hai| "yAvajjIvaM sukhI jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya, punarAgamanaM kutH||" yaha jo cArvAkadarzanakI mAnyatA batalAI jAtI hai vaha kucha bhramamUlaka jAna par3atI hai| isa prakAra dasare bhAratIya darzanoMkI taraha cAvakidarzanako bhI upayogitAvAda arthAt AdhyAtmikatAkI koTise bAhya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai|
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________________ 6 : sarasvatI-varavaputra paM0 baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha samasta bhAratIya darzanoMmeM bIjarUpase isa upayogitAvAdako svIkAra kara lene para ye sabhI darzana ekadUsare darzanake, jo atyanta virodhI mAlUma par3ate haiM, aisA na hokara atyanta nikaTatama mitroMke samAna dikhane lageMge / tAtparya yaha hai ki ullikhita prakArase cArvAka darzanameM chipe hae upayogitAke rahasyako samajha lenepara kauna kaha sakatA hai ki usakA paralokAdike bArese dUsare darzanoMke sAtha jo matabheda hai vaha khataranAka hai| kAraNa ki jahA~ dusare darzana paralokAdiko AdhAra mAnakara manuSyoM ke liye yogya karttavyamArgapara calanekI preraNA karate hai vahA~ cArvAkadarzana sirpha vartamAna jIvanako sukhI banAneke uddezyase manuSyoMke liye usI yogya kartavyamArgapara calane kI preraNA karatA hai / tathA jaba paraloka yA svargAdike astitvako svIkAra karate haye bhI sarvadarzanakAroMko yaha eka vaijJAnika siddhAnta mAnanA par3atA hai ki manuSya apane vartamAna jIvanameM acche kRtya karanese hI paralokameM sukhI ho sakatA hai yA svarga pA sakatA hai to paraloka yA svargake astitvako na mAnane mAtrase cArvAka matAnuyAyIko yadi vaha acche kRtya karatA hai to paralokameM sukha yA svargakI prAptise kauna roka sakatA hai ? isI taraha narakakA astitva na mAnane mAtrase pApa karate hue bhI usakA narakameM jAnA asaMbhava kaise ho sakatA hai ? paraloka yA svargAdike astitvako na mAnane vAlA vyakti acche kRtya kara hI nahIM sakatA hai, yaha bAta koI bhI vyakti mAnaneko taiyAra na hogA, kAraNa ki hama pahale batalA Aye haiM ki manuSyakA jIvana parasparakI sadbhAvanA, sahAnubhUti aura sahAyatAke AdhArapara hI sukhI ho sakatA hai| yadi eka manuSyako sukhI jIvana bitAneke saMpUrNa sAdhana upalabdha hai aura dUsarA usakA par3osI manuSya cAra dinase bhUkhA par3A huA hai to aisI hAlatameM yA to pahale vyaktiko dUsare vyaktike bAremeM sahAyatAke rUpameM apanA koI kartavya nizcita karanA hogA, anyathA niyamase dUsarA vyakti pahale vyaktike sukhI jIvanako Thesa pahu~cAnekA kAraNa bana jaaygaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki hameM paralokakI mAnyatAse acche kRtya karaneke liye jitanI preraNA mila sakatI hai usase kahIM adhika preraNA vartamAna jIvanako sukhI banAnekI AkAMkSAse milatI hai| cArvAka darzanakA abhiprAya itanA hI hai / bauddhoMke kSaNikavAda aura IzvarakatatvavAdiyoMke IzvarakatatvameM bhI vahI upayogitAvAdakA rahasya chipA huA hai| bauddha darzanameM eka vAkya pAyA jAtA hai-"vastuni kSaNikaparikalpanA AtmabuddhinirAsArtham" arthAt padArthoMmeM jagatke prANiyoMke anucita rAga, dveSa aura mohako rokaneke liye hI bauddhoMne padArthokI asthiratAkA siddhAnta svIkAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra jagatakA kartA eka anAdinidhana Izvarako mAna lenese saMsArake bahujana samAjako apane jIvanake sudhArameM kAphI preraNA mila sakatI hai / isa upayogitAvAdake AdhAra para hI IzvarakatRtvAda svIkAra kiyA thaa| parantu aphasosa hai ki dhIre-dhIre sabhI darzana upayogitAvAdake mUlabhUta AdhArase haTakara astitvavAdake udarameM samA gaye arthAta ina darzanoM meM jo tattva upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara nizcita kiye gaye the una tattvoMke bAremeM astitvavAdake AdhArapara vicAra hone laga gayA aura isakA hI yaha pariNAma hai ki sabhI darzanakAroMne apanese bhinna dUsare darzanoMko unakI upayogitAke Upara dhyAna na dete haye unheM asatya siddha karanekA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAMkhya aura vedAnta donoM darzanoMkI tattva-mAnyatAmeM upayogitAvAdakI spaSTa jhalaka dikhAI detI haiN| sAMkhyadarzanameM prakRtinAmakA cetanAzUnya padArtha aura puruSanAmakA cetanAtmaka AtmarUpa padArtha isa prakAra do mala tattva svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| inameMse prakRtiko eka aura puruSako aneka rUpameM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka prakRti aneka puruSoMke sAtha saMyukta hokara puruSoMmeM mAlUma par3anevAle buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi nAnArUpase pariNata ho jAyA karatI hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki jaba taka prakRti puruSake sAtha saMyukta hai taba taka vaha buddhi
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________________ 4/darzana aura nyAya : 7 ahaMkAra Adi nAnArUpa hai aura jaba isakA puruSake sAtha hue saMyogakA abhAva ho jAtA hai taba apane svAbhAvika rUpameM pahu~ca jAtI hai| prakRtikA puruSake sAtha saMyoga hokara buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi rUpa ho jAnekA nAma hI sAMkhya darzanameM sRSTi yA saMsAra mAnA gayA hai| yaha prakRtikA puruSake sAtha saMyoga hokara buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi rUpa ho jAnA kaise saMsArako dhvanita karatA hai ? yahI sabase adhika vicAraNIya prazna hai| sAMkhyadarzanameM prakRtikA puruSake sAtha saMyoga hokara buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi nAnArUpa honekI paraMparA isa prakAra batalAyI gayI hai-prakRti puruSake sAtha saMyukta hokara buddhirUpa pariNata hotI hai, yaha buddhi ahaMkArarUpa pariNata hotI hai, ahaMkAra pA~ca jJAnedriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~, mana tathA pAMca tanmAtrA isa prakAra ina solaha tattvarUpa pariNata hotA hai aura ina solaha tattvoMmeMse pA~ca tanmAtrAyeM antima pA~ca mahAbhUtarUpa pariNata ho jAyA karatI hai| isa vyavasthAmeM vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki jaba puruSa nAnA hai to bhinna-bhinna puruSoMke sAtha saMyukta prakRtike vipariNAmasvarUpa buddhitattvameM bhI nAnAttva svIkAra karanA hogA aura isa prakAra nAnA buddhitattvoMke vipariNAmasvarUpa nAnA ahaMkAratattva, nAnA ahaMkAratattvoMke vipariNAmasvarUpa nAnA pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ Adi solaha-solaha prakArake tattva aura ina solaha prakArake tattvoMmeM antarbhUta nAnA pA~ca prakArako tanmAtrAoMke vipariNAmasvarUpa nAnA paMca mahAbhUta svIkAra karane hoNge| isa tarahase jaba mUlabhUta eka prakRtike hI vipariNAmasvarUpa paMca mahAbhUta takakI sampUrNa paramparAmeM anivAryarUpase nAnAtva svIkAra karanA par3atA hai to isameM eka Apatti yaha upasthita hotI hai ki hameM paMcamahAbhUta svarUpa pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza tattvoMmeM garbhita AkAzatattvako bhI nAnArUpa mAnanA hogaa| dUsarI Apatti yaha upasthita hotI hai ki jaba puruSako saMyukta hAlatameM hI prakRtikA vipariNAma hotA hai to ye mahAbhUtasvarUpa paMcatattva bhI prakRti aura puruSakI saMyukta hAlatake prakRti vipariNAma mAnane hoMge / prakRti aura puruSakI saMyukta hAlatase bhinna svarUpa inakA svatantra astittva mAnanA asaMgata hogaa| ina ApattiyoMke AdhArapara maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA ki puruSake sAtha saMyoga honese prakRtikI tetIsa tattva kI jo paramparA hai vaha bhinna-bhinna puruSoMkI bhinna-bhinna deha taka hI sImita hai arthAt bhinna-bhinna puruSoMke sAtha saMyoga honepara honevAlI prakRtikI buddhise lekara sthUla zarIraracanA takako paramparAkA nAma hI sAMkhyadarzanameM sRSTi yA saMsAra mAnA gayA hai| usakI sRSTimeM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza tattva garbhita nahIM haiM / gItAke 13veM adhyAyameM jo kSetra, kSetrajJaviSayaka vicAra kiyA gayA hai usameM kSetrakA artha zarIra hI kiyA gayA hai aura usakA vistAra sAMkhyakI mAnyatAke anusAra prakRtike vikAra svarUpa buddhise lekara paMca mahAbhUta paryata kiyA hai| sAMkhya darzanakI yaha mAnyatA vedAnta darzanako bhI abhISTa hai / bheda sirpha itanA hai ki vedAnta darzana eka prakRti aura nAnA puruSa ina donoM prakArake tattvoMko sAMkhyadarzanakI taraha mUla tattva svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| vaha ina donoMke mUlameM eka parabrahmanAmaka tattvako . svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra vedAntadarzanameM bhI parabrahmake vipariNAmasvarUpa prakRti aura puruSa, jinako vahA~ para kramase avidyA (mAyA) aura jIvAtmA nAma diye gaye haiM, ko lekara jIvAtmAoMke sthUla zarIra takakI paramparAkA nAma hI sRSTi yA saMsAra mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki sAMkhyadarzanakI taraha vedAntadarzanakI mAnyatAke anusAra bhI pUrvokta ApattiyoMke AdhArapara eka parabrahma tattvase hI pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura AkAza tattvoMkI utpattikA samarthana nahIM ho sktaa| gItAke nimnalikhita zlokase bhI merI isa kalpanAkA samarthana hotA hai yathA sarvagataM saukSamyAdAkAzaM nopalipyate / sarvatrAvasthito dehe tathA''tmA nopalipyate // isa zlokameM AtmAkA artha parabrahma liyA gayA hai aura usase minna svatantra tathA vyApaka AkAza
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________________ 8: sarasvatI-varavaputra paM. baMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya abhinandana-grantha tattvako dRSTAnta dekara usakI nirlepatAkA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki vedAntako parabrahmase AkAzakI utpatti abhISTa nahIM hai| pratyuta usakI nigAhameM AkAza eka svatantra anAdinidhana padArtha hai aura AkAzakI taraha pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu tattva bhI parabrahma haiM, sarvathA pRthak svatantra padArtha haiN| ye tattva bhI parabrahmase utpanna nahIM hue hai| yahA~para eka prazna sirpha yaha upasthita ho sakatA hai ki jaba sAMkhya aura vedAnta donoM darzanoMmeM pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu aura AkAza tattvoMkA eka to svatantra astitva svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura dUsare . sAMkhyakI mAnyatAmeM prakRtise tathA vedAntakI mAnyatAmeM parabrahmase unakI utpattikA samarthana bhI nahIM hotA hai, to aisI hAlatameM ye donoM darzana adhare darzana raha jaayeNge| isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yadi hama yaha bAta mAna lete haiM ki yaha donoM darzana upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara prAdurbhata hue haiM arthAt ina donoM meM sirpha lokakalyANopayogI tattvoMkA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai to phira yahA~para yaha prazna upasthita hI nahIM ho sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAMkhya aura vedAnta darzanoMma pRthvo Adi pA~ca tattvoMkI na to prakRti athavA parabrahmase utpatti mAnI gaI hai aura na inakA svataMtra astitvake AdhArapara hI varNana kiyA gayA hai, kintu inakA svataMtra astittva svIkAra karate hue bhI lokakalyANake lie upayogI na honeke kAraNa ina donoM darzanoMne ina tattvoMke kathanake bAremeM sirpha upekSAvRtti dhAraNa kI hai| jainadarzana bhI yadyapi dUsare sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMkI taraha upayogitAvAdake AdhArapara utpanna huA hai| parantu jainadarzanameM upayogitAvAda aura astitvavAda donoM vAdoMke AdhArapara svataMtra do prakArakI tattvamAnyatAyeM pAI jAtI haiM-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoMkI mAnyatA upayogitAvAdake Azrita hai, kyoMki isa mAnyatAmeM sirpha jIva, jIvakA saMsAra aura usake kAraNa tathA jIvamukti aura usake kAraNarUpa upayogI tattvoMko hI sthAna diyA gayA hai aura jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina 6 tattvoMkI mAnyatA astitvavAdake Azrita hai, kyoMki isa mAnyatAmeM lokakalyANopayogitAkA dhyAna rakhate hue jagatake sampUrNa padArthoke astitvapara sAmAnyatayA vicAra kiyA gayA hai|