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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sidhdhAntoM kI Aja ke yuga meM upayogitA rInA jArolI ema.esa.sI. (rasAyana) kAlajayI mahAvIra ne vicAroM kA UrdhvArohaNa kara vastu, vyakti evam jagat kI maulika sattA ko sAkSAt kara liyA thaa| apane kevalajJAna (pUrNajJAna) se sAkSAt kiye gaye satya evaM tathya vAstavika, jIvana-paraka evaM nirantara gati pragatizIla hai| isa draSTi se gata DhAI hajAra varSoM kI dIrgha avadhi meM mahAmAnava mahAvIra hI avikalpa evaM nitya Adhunika vyakti hai| unake siddhAnta 'morDana' raiDikala: 'DAyanaimika' evaM apaTUDeTa' hai| zatAbdiyoM kI zodha-yAtrA bhI unake siddhAMto ko dhUmila, prAcIna evaM zithila nahIM kara sktii| vastuta: hama prayatna karate haiM mahAvIra ko apane se joDaneM kI, naki jur3anA cAhate haiM mahAvIra se| kevalajJAna (Absolute Knowledge) kA artha hai pUrNa jJAna kI avsthaa| nirantara jJAnAtmaka bhAva meM jInA hI kevalajJAnI ke lie anivArya hai| mahAvIra sajagatA evaM apramAda kI pratimUrti the jo hara kSaNa apane bhItara uTha rahe bhAva, rUpa, vicAra, kriyA-pratikriyA ke prati saceta rahe tathA anya vastu, vyakti evaM jagat meM ghaTita ho rahe bhAvoM, vicAroM, rupoM ke prati bhI saceta rhe| anya zabdoM meM nija svarUpa evaM vastu svarupa ke prati jAgarUka mahAvIra ke siddhAnta sArvajanika, sArvakAlika evaM sArvadezika haiN| mahAvIra kA jJAna satahI nahIM thaa| unhoMne aindrika-mAnasika avabodhana (Perception) se pare ekAgra evaM AtmAnubhava-mUlaka jJAna se yathArtha ko jaanaa| kevalI ghene kI sAdhanA hI 'mADarniTI', ko sahI rupa meM jIne kI sAdhanA hai| mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI isI kAraNa Aja ke yuga meM tatkAlIna yuga se bhI adhika upayogitA hai| Adhunika yuga tanAva, TakarAva, azAMti, zItayudhdha, damita jIvanamUlya, asthiratA, saMgharSa evaM viSamatA kA yuga hai| vyakti svayaM meM bhIr3a va bhIr3a meM akelA hai| krAntadarzI mahAvIra ne samAja kI z2ar3atA, andhazraddhA, khokhalepana para coTa kI to vyakti ko pramAda evaM vikAra se mukta karane ke lie jhaMjhor3A bhii| aaiye| hama mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM ko vartamAna yuga ke pariprekSya meM dekheN-prkheN| ahiMsA kI bAMsurI:- vizva zAMti ke svara nissaMdeha do vizvayuddhoM ke pariNAma dekha koI bhI deza yuddha nahIM cAhatA parantu eka dUsare para atikramaNa kA bhaya aura vidhvaMsaka zastroM kA nirmANa azAMtikA mUla kAraNa banA huA hai| "lIga oNpha nezansa" evaM tadanantara "saMyukta rASTra saMgha" ke prayAsoM ke bAvajUda bhI sthiti AzAprada nahIM hai| asurakSA kI anubhUti ke kAraNa zItayuddha kI dIrgha avadhi se hameM gujaranA par3a rahA hai| hiMsA, TakarAva, tanAva se mukti hama pA sakate haiM ahiMsA se mAtra ahiMsA se| mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM meM ahiMsA mUla siddhAnta hai| zrAvaka ke aNuvratoM evaM sAdhaka (zramaNa) ke mahAvratoM meM isakA prathama sthAna hai| kisI bhI jIva ko mAranA, satAnA, kisI kA zoSaNa karanA, kisI kI svataMtratA kA hanana karanA hiMsA hai| vartamAna yuga meM zramikoM ke prati sahAnubhUti rakhane para jora hai to mahAvIra ne 'aIbhAra' (atibhAra) evaM 'mattapANa vicchee' (bhojana-pAnI se dUra karanA) jaise aticAroM meM inheM hiMsA hI mAnA hai| 'ege AyA arthAt svarupa draSTi se AtmA eka hai kahakara mahAvIra ne vizvabandhutva para jora diyA hai| 'sva' kA itanA vistAra karanA ki __ mRtyu ke samaya saMta ke darzana, saMta kA upadeza aura saMta kA sAnidhya to param auSadhi rupa hotA hai| 261
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________________ 'para' kA lopa ho jAya yahI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA rupI zAzvata dharma kI vyAkhyA karate hue mahAvIra ne kahA " savve pANA Na hantavvA Na ajjAveyavvA Na paridhetavvA Na pariyAveyavvA, va uddevetavvA, esa dhamme dhuve, Niie, sAsae / " arthAt prANiyoM kA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie, una para apanI sattA na lAdanI cAhie, unheM pIDita, paritapta tathA udvigna bhI nahIM karanA cAhie / yahIM zAzvata dharma, dhruva dharma hai| pratikramaNa karate samaya 'khAmemi savve jIvA, savve jIvA khamantu meM kahakara sabhI jIvoM ke prati kSamA bhAva rakhate hue sabhI se kSamA mAMgI jAtI hai| jJAna ajJAna meM kisI bhI jIva ke prati apriya kArya ke lie kSamA mAMgane kA yahI tAtparya hai ki hamArA sabhI ke prati maitrI bhAva banA hai| "mittI meM savva bhUesu, vaira majhaM Na sukha-zAMti cAhate hai to anya jIva bhI maranA nahIM cAhatA / " savve jIvA viicchati, jIviiM na marijiiM' - dazavai sUtra a. 7, gA. 11. ahiMsA ko paribhASita karane se pUrva mahAvIra ne jIvoM kA sUkSma vivecana kiyaa| apane divya jJAna se unhoMne avyavahAra rAzi, vyavahAra rAzi (nigoda), pRthvI, agni, jala, vAyu evaM vanaspati meM jIva kA astitva dekhaa| peDa paudhau meM bhI sacetanatA vijJAna ke lie bhale hI eka zatAbdI purAnA vicAra ho, parantu mahAvIra ne unake sukha-duHkho ko kitane sUkSma rupa meM jAnA, vaha AgamoM meM gumphita hai| sara jagadIzacandra bosa ke vaijJAnika prayogo eva bekasTara dvArA nirmita gAlavenomITara se hameM peDa paudhoM meM saMvedanazIlatA kA jJAna hotA hai / parantu usa samaya kahAM jI prayogazAlAeM? apanI AtmAhI mahAvIra ke lie prayoga - sthala thA - antarmukhI hokara unhoMne anubhava - ratna hameM diye haiN| ahiMsA kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hara vyakti ikAI rupa meM jJAnacetA hokara svAbhAvikatA ke dharAtala para vastuoM ke sAtha evaM anya prANiyoM ke sAtha samvAdI ( hAramoniyasa) saMbaMdha meM jiye / anya zabdoM meM ahiMsA kA artha hai| svayaM apane svabhAva meM abhaMga (anaDisTarDa) raheM aura dUsaroM ko bhI apane svabhAva meM abhaMga rahane deN| isa vicAra se vizva meM zAMti va sukha kA sAmrAjya sthApita hone meM kisI prakAra ke sandeha ko sthAna nahIM hai| aparigraha evaM vizva kalyANa 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' meM parigraha ko paribhASita karate hue mahAvIra ne kahA hai- 'mUcchA pariggaho vutto' arthAt mUcchA mamatva hI parigraha hai| Aja vizva meM apanI AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha kI vRtti se jamAkhorI, kAlAbAjArI evaM bhraSTAcAra panapa rahe haiN| dhana, makAna, vaibhava ke prati aTakAva se bhaTakAva kI sthiti paidA ho rahI hai| Aja mahAvIra ke aparigravAda kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| jIvana meM apanI adhikatama AvazyakatAoM vastuoM ke prati mamatva tyAganA to aparigraha kevai / " spaSTa hI hama apanI surakSA cAhate hai aura yahI cAhate hai| sabhI prANI jInA cAhate haiM, koI sAdhu, sAdhaka yA sajjana vyakti ko vaira mAsa nahIM rakhanA caahie| For Private Personal Use Only 262
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________________ hai hI, apane pAsa jo bhI vastueM hai unake prati bhI Asakti nahIM rakhanA caahie| aparigraha kA prazna sampatti ke svAmitva se jur3A huA hai| svAmitva kI bhAvanA choDanA hI aparigraha hai| cUMki dhana cAhe kitanA bhI ho, vaha sImita hai aura tRSNA ananta (asIma) hai, aMta: sImita sAdhanoM se asIma tRSNA kI pUrti nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| tRSNA ke kAraNa hI saMgraha vRtti kA udaya hotA hai| aura yaha saMgraha vRtti Asakti ke rupa meM badala jAtI hai| Arthika vaiSamya, bhogavRtti aura zoSaNa kI samApti ke lie mahAvIra dvArA anubhUta satya Aja bhI utanA hI yathArtha hai jitanA ki usa yuga meM thaa| aparigraha kA artha hai ki vastu kI svataMtra sattA para apanA adhikAra na jamAo aura na usake moha meM apane svabhAva ko mUrcchita, grasta, adhikRta hone do| svayaM apane bhAva meM rahate hue anya ko apane bhAva meM rahane deM, yaha aparigraha hai| apane pala-pala parivartita hote bhaav| paryAya ke sAtha hI dUsare ke pala-pala parivartita bhAva paryAya ko jAne, dekhe to parigraha kI bhAvanA jAgrata hI nahIM hogii| jahA~ jJAtA aura jJeya meM, bhoktA aura bhogya meM nirantara navanUtana bhAva, padArtha, sthiti kA parinamana hai, vahAM kisI vizeSa rupa, AkAra, bhAva sugandha, sparza, dhvani para rUka jAnA, Asakta ho rahanA kaise saMbhava hai| jisa rupa yA bhAva para citta Asakta ho gayA hai, vaha rupa yA bhAva to usI kSaNa vyatIta ho cukA, vahAM nayA bhAva yA rupa A cukaa| taba vyakti yA padArtha kI pariNata sthiti se hamArI Asakti ko manacAhI tRpti nahIM mila sktii| sva. aura para kA, vyakti aura vastu kA, jIvana aura / jagata kA samyakU-bodha hone para aparigraha svata: avatarita ho jAtA hai| yadi vizva ko nayA rUpa denA hai to mahAvIra kA aparigraha rAmabANa auSadhi hai| vyakti svayaM ko jAnakara samagra vizva ko jAna sakatA hai parantu taratamatA hone para hii| isI kI ora iMgita kara kahA gayA hai 'je egaM jANaI, se savvaM jaannii|, je savvaM jANaI, se eNaM jaannii|' arthAt jo vyakti isa prakAra se apanI AtmA ke sukha-du:kha ko jAna letA hai vaha dUsare sabhI jIvoM ke sukha-du:kha bhI samajha letA hai| jisane 'para' meM 'sva' kA darzana kara liyA vaha na kisI ko du:kha pahu~cA sakatA hai aura na kisI ke sukha meM bAdhaka hI bana sakatA hai| vargavihIna samAja: naI dizA bhASA, varNa, liMga kI bhedaparaka dIvAroM se uThakara mahAvIra ne varga vihIna samAja kA svapna ujAgara kiyA thaa| unhoMne spaSTa kiyA ki na janmagata jAti hotI hai aura na bAhya cinha dharma ke pratIka kammuNo banaNo hoi, kammuNo hoI khttio| kammuNo vaiso ghei, sudo havaI kmmunnaa|| -uttarA. sUtra 25/31 arthAt vyakti janma se brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra nahIM hotaa| usake karma hI yaha / nirNaya karate hai| na vi muMDieNa samaNo, na auMkAreNa bNbhnno| na muNI raNa vAseNaM, kusa cIreNa na taavso|| arthAt sira muMDita kara lene se koI zramaNa nahI hotA, na oMkAra kA jApa karane se vaira-bhAva ke jaMgala meM bhaTakane vAle ko kahIM bhI zAMti nahIM miiltii| 263
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________________ brAhmaNa / araNyavAsI hone mAtra se hI koI muni nahIM hotA aura valkala cIra dhAraNa karane mAtra se koi tapasvI nahIM hotA / Aja ke jAtIya videSa, varNasaMgharSa evaM pArasparika ghRNA se bacane ke lie sneha, sadbhAva evaM karUNA kI AvazyakatA hai| yadi lakSmI ke lAr3ale apane ko TrasTI mAtra hI mAneM to zoSaNa kI bhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai| kArla mArksa ne kAphI hada taka isa dizA meM socA parantu jIvana ke dharAtala para jaba sidhdhAMta ko mUrtarupa diyA gayA to haThAgraha ke kAraNa hiMsA ubhara aaii| unake bhItara vastu svabhAva kI zuddha kriyA AMzika rUpa se jhalakI thI parantu ve vastu kI nirantara pragatizIlatA ke sAtha tadAkAra nahIM raha ske| dravya ke utpAda aura vyaya ko to unhoMne pakar3A thA parantu dhrauvya unakI dRSTi se ojhala raha gayA / aindrika - bauddhika jJAna kI sImAoM se unakA darzana avaruddha ho gyaa| naye samAja kI parikalpanA se pUrva mahAvIra ne yaha saMdeza diyA ki vyakti svayaM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA 'appAkattA vikattAya, suhANa ya duhANa ya' hai arthAt usake karma hI use UMcA uThA sakate hai yA nIcA girA sakate haiN| Izvara ko jagatkartA na mAnane kI maulika mAnyatA se vyakti kI garimA baDhI / sAtha hI siddha ho gayA ki vyakti svayaM svataMtra, mukta nirlepa aura nirvikAra Izvaratva prApta kara sakatA hai| Izvaratva ko prApta karane ke sAdhanoM para kisI varga vizeSa yA vyakti vizeSa kA adhikAra nahIM haiN| mana kI zuddhatA va AcaraNa kI pavitratA ke bala para koI bhI ise prApta kara sakatA hai| anekAMtavAdaH vAdoM kA anta anekAnta yA syAdavAda bauddhika dRSTikoNa kI nayI dizA hai jo ahiMsA kA hI vyApaka rupa hai| rAgadveSa janita saMskAro ke vazIbhUta na hokara dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa ko ThIka se samajhanA anekAMtavAda hai| jabavastu yA jJeya bahu-AyAmI, bahu-paryAyI hai to kisI bhI mata, vAda yA siddhAnta ko pUrNarupa se satya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pUrNa jJAna kI sthiti meM hI kisI vastu ke sabhI paryAyoM dekhA yA jAnA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIra kahate haiM ki vastu jo isa kSaNa hai, vahI agale kSaNa nahIM hai aura phira bhI apane tAtvika rupa meM sadA vahI hai| arthAt isa jagat meM pratikSaNa kucha vyatIta ho rahA hai, kucha nayA utpanna ho rahA hai to yaha dambha koI nahIM kara sakatA ki usane sabakucha jAnaliyA, pUrNa rupa se jAna liyaa| ataH apanA 'hI' choDakara hama dUsaroM ke 'bhI' ko bhI mAneM, aisI samanvaya kI udAraddaSTi anekAnta hai| mahAvIra ne anekAnta ke siddhAnta ko tArkika rUpa dekara syAdvAda nAma diyaa| kisI bAta ke sAta pahaluoM para vicArakara unhoMne siddha kiyA ki usakA astitva hai| nahIM hai| avaktavya hai Adi (syAta asti, syAta nAsti, tyAta Asti nAsti, syAta avakavya, syAta asti avaktavya, syAta nAsti avaktavya, syAta asti nAsti avaktavya ) / Aja isa vicAra se vyakti, samAja, vizva ke tanAva, saMgharSa aura vaimanasya ko samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ddaSTi ke badalate hI sRSTi bhI parivartita ho jaaegii| khula sakeMge muktadAra, jinake pAra asIma sukha evaM Ananda hai / sampradAyAtIta dharma - svabhAva meM sthira honA rAjamahaloM ke sukhoM meM lipta na rahakara mahAvIra ne Atmadharma kA saMdeza diyaa| unako cAha nahIM thI ki apanA koI dharma claaeN| unhoMne to satya mArga batalAyA ki vastu kA svabhAva pApa kA udayakAla hotA hai taba puNya bhI staMbhita ho jAtA hai| For Private Personal Use Only 264
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________________ hI dharma hai| vastu apane Apa meM ThIka jaisI hai, ThIka vaisI hI dekhanA, jAnanA dharma hai| jo kucha bhI jJAna kA viSaya hai, jJeya hai aura tatvata: vastu 'oNbjekTa hai| arthAt hama svayaM nija svarUpa meM rahate hue, dravya ke nita pariNamanazIla rupa se saMcetanA ke sAtha jur3e raheM, yahI dharma dharma jo jIvana kA pAtheya evaM AtmA kA prANa hai, Aja baadd'o| diivaaroN| sampradAyoM meM simaTatA jA rahA hai| kahIM kriyA kI pradhAnatA hai to kahIM jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| vastu ke svarUpa-utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya ko samyak rUpa se samajhane kii| dharma jIvana se jur3ane para hI vAstavika bana sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne 'hai aura 'honA cAhie' kA antara na mAnakara yathArtha vastusthiti meM jInA hI Adarza mAnA aura Adarza tathA yathArtha ko alaga nahIM svIkArA. mAnovikAroM para vijaya: AtmAnuzAsana isa yuga meM svAsthya kA hAsa hotA jA rahA hai| bhayaMkara evaM asAdhya roga mAnava ko jakaDe hue hai| Aja adhikAMza roga mana se jur3e haiM, tana kI pUrNa ArogyatA nhiiN| kuMThA, bhaya, lobha, asaMtoSa jaise manoroga zarIra meM snAyu tantu ko prabhAvita karate haiM jisase raktasaMcAra evaM aMgoMpAMgoM para prabhAva par3atA hai| mana ke vikAroM para niyaMtraNa se hI vartamAna yuga meM vyApta hiMsA, aparAdhavRti evaM bhraSTAcAra para vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai| yadi hameM vAstavika sukha prApta karanA hai to AtmA ke mUla svabhAva-saralatA, samatA, nirvera, nirlobha dazA meM ramaNa karanA hogaa| manovijJAna evaM auSadhivijJAna ne Aja siddha kara diyA hai ki krodha se pepTika alsara, nirAzA se mandAgni, ciMtA se hRdayaroga va uccaraktacApa jaise roga paidA ho jAte hai| mAnasika ciMtA viSAda se apacana, hisTIriyA Adi roga utpanna hote haiN| yadi viSleSaNakA dekhA jAya to Aja adhikAMza rogoM kI jar3a mana meM hai aura ve asaMyama, kutsita icchAoM evaM durvAsanAoM se poSita hai| Aja ke cikitsAzAstrI bAhya kAraNoM se utpanna roga-kITANuoM ke vinAza ke lie to prayatnazIla hai| lekina manobhUmikA meM utpanna kAma, krodha, moha, ahaMkAra, svArthaparatA, kuTilatA, bhaya, atRpti Adi vikAroM se utpanna roga-kITANuoM ke vinAza kI ora unakA dhyAna nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM mahAvIra ke siddhAnta prabhAvaka haiN| yadi hameM jIvana meM sarvAMgINa vikAsa karanA hai to Atmadharma ke lie satata gatizIla rahanA hogaa| kuza ke agrabhAga para ThaharI osabindu se mAnava jIvana kI tulanAkara mahAvIra ne 'samaya gomaya mA pamAyae' kA saMdeza diyA hai| arthAt samaya mAtra (eka paramANu kI gatikA samaya) bhI pramAda mata kro| parivartita jIvana mUlyoM ke yuga meM bhI Aja Atmadharma kI upayogitA kama nahIM huI haiN| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM kI Aja ke yuga meM upayogitA asaMdigdha hai| vijJAna kI kasauTI para khare utare karma siddhAnta, guNasUtra, saMskAra-sUtra siddhAnta, paramANu siddhAnta, bhASA viSayaka mAnyatAe~ hameM preraNA dete haiM ki hama mahAvIra kI vANI se judd'e| apane divya jJAna se mahAvIra ne jo amRta hameM diyA hai, usakA rasAsvAdana kara hama jIvana ko saMskArita kara sake yahI apekSA hai| yugoM pUrva dharma darzana ke kSetra meM kiyA gayA mahAvIra kA uddaghoSa Aja bhI prAsaMgika aura upAdeya hai| puNya ke udayakAla meM pApa staMbhita nahI hotii| 265