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________________ Ayurveda aura jaina dharma eka vivecanAtmaka adhyayana : DA0 pramoda mAlavIya, DA0 zobhA movAra, DA0 yazadatta zukla, pro0 pUrNacandra jaina 1 Ayurveda bhAratIya darzanoM para AdhArita vijJAna hai| bhAratIya darzana-paramparA ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| prathama ve paramparAeM haiM jisake anuyAyI Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiM, aura use hI kartA evaM bhoktA kahate haiM aura dUsarI paramparA vaha hai jo Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM krtii| prathama ko Astika darzana-paramparA aura dUsarI ko nAstika darzana-paramparA kI saMjJA pradAna kI gayI hai / jaina, bauddha aura cArvAka matAnuyAyI darzanoM kA samAveza nAstika darzanoM ke antargata kiyA jAtA hai| Ayurveda ke sandarbha meM ina donoM hI paramparAoM meM paryApta sAmyatA hai, tathA donoM hI sampradAyoM ke mAnane vAle dArzanika Ayurveda ko duHkhoM kI nivRtti ke hetu utpanna vijJAna ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM / sadhye jIvA vicchati jIvitaM na marija bAmanasoH prANazcarANoH zroSaM karNayoH / apalitAH kezA azoNA kalA vaha bAhvorbalam / urvorojo jaGghayojavaH jayajayaH pAdayoH pratiSThA (atharvaveda 12 / 60 / 1-2 ) / (dazakAlika 6 / 11 ) azmA bhavatu nastanUH (dhanurveda 26/49) jIvema zaradaH zatam / veda 16/57/2) cikitsA rogaharaNalakSaNA sA tadeva jaataa| ( Avazyaka hAribhadrIyA vRtti, 131 / 1 ) cikitsA nAma rogApahAraH rogApahArakriyA sAci sarvava bhagavadupadezAta pravRttA (RSabha caritra ) jaina dharma kA prArambha usake itihAsa ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabha se huA hai| isa mata ke mAnane vAloM ke anusAra ve hI Ayurveda ke upadezaka mAne gaye haiN| jaina matAvalambiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva se pUrva sRSTi yA loka meM duHkhoM yA rogoM kA abhAva thA / mAnavasamAja pUrNa svAsthya kA sevana kara rahA thaa| sampUrNa jaina Agama sAhitya ko dvAdazAMga ke rUpa meM bAraha bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| usakA antima aMga dRSTivAda hai / dRSTivAda punaH parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata, prathamAnuyoga aura cUlikA - ina 5 bhAgoM meM vibhakta hotA hai| pUrvagata 14 pUrvI se nirmita hai| usameM se 12 vAM pUrva prANAnuvAda pUrva hai prANAnuvAda 'pUrva' meM indriya, zvAsocchavAsa, Ayu aura prANa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha zArIrika, mAnasika, AdhyAtmika, yama-niyama, AhArabihAra evaM rasarasAyanAdi kA sandarbha bhI milatA hai| vyaktigata svAsthya ke sAtha-sAtha janapadadhvaMsa ke prati uttaradAyI paristhitiyoM evaM vyAdhiyoM evaM unake nirAkaraNa kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha daivika, bhautika vyAdhiyAM bhI cikitsA sahita isa zAstra meM varNita hai| isI 'prANAnuvAda pUrva' ko jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne Ayurveda kA mUla kahA hai| uttara kAla ke jana AcAryoM ne isI AdhAra para Ayurveda sambandhI bRhat sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| 'pUrva' ke uddezya ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra tIvra havA ke jana prAcya vidyAeM N 201
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________________ jhoMkoM se dIpaka ko bacAne ke lie AvaraNa kA upayoga na kiyA jAya, to vaha jyotihIna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra sannipAtAdirogagrasta puruSa kI ucita nidAna-sahita yadi cikitsA na ho to usakI mRtyu avazyameva saMbhAvita hai / inake anusAra AyuzeSa hone para cikitsA dvArA prANoM kI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai / bhagavAn zrIRSabhadeva ne puruSoM ko roga-mukta karane ke uddezya se evaM unake svAsthya-saMrakSaNa hetu zrI bharata ko Ayurveda upadiSTa kiyaa| uttarakAla meM ise hI 'prANAyu' kI saMjJA pradAna kI gaI hai| jaina dharma-nirdiSTa uparyukta Ayurvedotpatti-saMbaMdhI vicAroM kA samarthana vaidikoM evaM Ayurveda ke AcAryoM ne bhI kiyA hai| unake anusAra bhI mAnava ke pUrNa niyamita jIvana-yApana ke pazcAt bhI, usake zarIra meM utpanna hone vAle rogoM yA duHkhoM kA udbhava huA, taba tatkAlIna maharSiyoM ne kisI jagaha ekatra hokara isa samasyA para vicAra kiyA aura sAmAnya manuSya-mAtra ke kalyANa-hetu Ayarveda kA jJAna devatAoM se prApta kiyA / vaidika paramparAnusAra Ayurveda kI utpatti indra dvArA bhAradvAja ko upadeza-prApti ke AdhAra para mAnI gayI hai / donoM hI (vaidika evaM jainadharma) paramparAvAdiyoM ne Arogya ko hI mAnavatA kA sAra batAyA hai| isake abhAva meM dhanadhAnya yA koI bhI sAdhana aprabhAvakArI hote haiN| Arogya ko hI adhyayana karane meM bhI pradhAna sahAyaka kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / ArogyAd balamAyuzca, sukhaM ca labhate mahat / iSTAMzcApyaparAn bhAvAn, puruSaH zubhalakSaNaH // (caraka saMhitA) aha paMcahi ThANehi jehi sikkhA na lnbhii| thaMbhA kohA pamAeNaM, rogeNAlassaeNa ya // (uttarAdhyayana sUtra, a0 11, gAthA 3) ina uparyukta saMdarbho meM bhI jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ne Arogya ko mAnavatA kA sAra batAyA hai| manuSya dhana ke abhAva meM bhI jIvana-yApana sukha-pUrvaka kara sakatA hai, kintu Arogya kI anupasthiti meM nahIM, ata: Arogya jIvana kA zubha lakSaNa hai, Adi mAnyatAoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svayaM bhI sukha ko dasa bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai Ara Arogya ko usameM prathama sthAna pradAna kiyA hai : dazavihe sokkhe paNNatte, tajahA-AroggaM dohamAuM aDThejjaM kAmabhogasaMtose / atthisuhabhogaNikkhambhameva tatto aNAvAhe (sthAnAMga-10/83) rogoM ke saMbandha meM vivecanA karate hue ina AcAryoM ne bhI Arogya ke anukUla hone se sukha kI sthiti hotI hai aura roga ke pratikUla hone se duHkha kI sthiti hotI hai-aisA batAyA hai| anukUlavedanIyaM sukhaM pratikUla-vedanIyaM duHkham / (pAtaMjala yogadarzana) AyurvedIya AcArya caraka evaM suzruta ne bhI pataJjali ke isa kathana ke AdhAra para hI Arogya ko sukha, aura zarIra se vyAdhi ke saMyukta hone ko duHkha kahA hai| su khasaMjJakamArogyaM, vikAro duHkhameva ca / (caraka saMhitA) asmin zAstra paMcamahAbhUtazarIrisamavAyaH puruSa ityucyate, tat duHkhasaMyogavyApta ityucyate / (su0 sU0 1) ina AcAryoM ne zarIra kI dhAtuoM ko jisa kriyA dvArA samatA kI sthiti meM rakhA jA sakatA hai use cikitsA kahA hai, kyoMki dhAtuoM kI viSamatA roga kA, aura samatA Arogya kA kAraNa hotI hai| isa vivecana ke anusAra, jisa kriyA dvArA Arogya kI sthiti ko banAye rakhA jA sake yA dhAtuoM kI viSamatA hone para use punaH samAvasthA meM sthApita kiyA jA sake-bahI cikitsA khlaayegii| RSabha-caritra Adi meM bhI ina AcAryoM ke samarthana meM uktiyoM kI prApti hotI hai 202 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya
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________________ ina rogoM ke zarIra aura mana -ina do adhiSThAnoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| AtmA nirvikAra hone ke kAraNa yA zuddha hone ke kAraNa isa meM sammilita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| mAnasika rogoM kI utpatti prajJAparAdha dvArA, tathA zArIrika roga indriyArthoM ke ayoga, atiyoga evaM mithyA yoga dvArA hotI hai| inakI zAnti ke lie kramazaH samyag jJAna, aura zArIrika zuddha sparzAdi kA samayoga Avazyaka hotA hai / Ayurveda meM doSaja, karmaja aura doSa karmaja - ina tIna prakAra ke rogoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai / inameM se doSaja roga mithyA AhAra-vihArAdi dvArA, karmaja roga niyamita dinacaryA, rAtricaryA evaM RtucaryA kA pAlana karate hue bhI pUrvakRta karma ke pariNAma svarUpa utpanna hote haiM, jabaki doSa-karmaja vyAdhiyAM donoM hI kAraNoM ke sannipAta se utpanna hotI haiM / karma dvArA utpanna roga cikitsA se bhI dUra nahIM hote kyoMki karma cikitsA ke prabhAva ko bhI naSTa kara dete haiN| karmoM ke phala kA bhoga karanA hI hotA hai-- 'kaDANa kammANaNa mokkha asthi' (uttarAdhyayana) - isa tathya ko jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra bhI prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza rUpa meM cAra prakAra ke karma-bandha hote haiM / -- kiyA hai : vyAdhayaH cikitsA ra pratiniyA (amara koSa) rogaharaNaM timicchA (cikitsA ) - ( RSabha caritra) vhiA vAhI paNNattaM taM jahA - bAiye, pittie, sibhie, sannivAiye / ( sthAnAMga 4/4 / 515 ) AcArya bhadrabAhu ne rogoM ke ina cAra vargoM meM kula pAMca karor3a aDasaTha lAkha ninyAnave hajAra pAMca sau caurAsI roga kahe haiN| inameM se pramukha 16 rogoM kA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM kiyA gayA hai / ( 1 ) gaMDI (gaMDamAlA) (2) kuSTha ( 3 ) rAjayakSmA ( 4 ) apasmAra ( 5 ) kArNiya - kAvya akSiroga (6) jhimiya jar3atA (7) kuNiya-hInAMgatva ( 8 ) khujjiya -- kubar3Apana ( 8 ) udararoga (10) mUkatA (11) mRNIya sarvazarIragatazodha (12) vilAsa (13) baiMbaI-kaMpa (14) pIThasApye paMgutva (15) siniya zlIpada (16) madhumeha / - - vihe nigAiye paNNatta ta jahA - pagaDa - nigAiye, ThinigAiye, aNubhAganigAiye, paesanigAiye (sthAnAMga 4 / 2 / 266 ) jainAcAryoM ne bhI rogoM kA vargIkaraNa doSoM ke AdhAra para cAra prakAra ( vAtika, paitika, zlaiSmika sAnnipAtika) se "atIvabAdhAhetavaH kuSThAdayo rogAH jvarAdayaH" uttarAdhyayana TIkA ke isa kathana ke anusAra sAmAnya kArya saMpAdana meM atyadhika bAdhA utpanna karane vAle kuSThAdi ko vyAdhi aura jvarAdi ko roga kahA jA sakatA hai / ina upayukta pramukha 16 rogoM ke atirikta bhI kularoga, grAmaroga, nagararoga, maMDalaroga Adi kA bhI varNana upalabdha hotA hai| e jainAcAyoM ne rogotpatti ke adhyAsana (adhika dera taka baiThanA ahitAsana (viruddha Asana se baiThanA ), atinidrA, uccAranirodha, prasravaNa-nirodha, atigamana viruddha AhAra tathA viSaya-vAsanA meM atyadhika lipti - Adi kAraNa parigaNita karAye haiM / isa saMdarbha meM vegoM kA dhAraNa arthAt kisI bhI kAryavaza vegoM ko rokanA anucita kahA gayA hai| mala-mUtrAdi ke vegoM ke dhAraNa karane se tejanAza, teja-zakti- hrAsa ke sAtha-sAtha mRtyu kI bhI saMbhAvanA vyakta kI gaI hai| vAyu vega ke dhAraNa se kuSTha roga kI utpatti, aura vIrya-vega dhAraNA se puruSatva kA nAza kahA gayA hai| vRhatkalpa bhASya meM isa sambandha meM vizleSaNAtmaka pakSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisake anusAra :purISa-vega dhAraNa semUtra vega-dhAraNa se dRSTi aura vAyu-vega dhAraNa se - - kuSTha : - mRtyu kSaya, jana prAcya vidyAeM - ------ ------ 1 ina adhAraNIya vegoM kA vivecana caraka va aSTAMga hRdaya saMhitAoM meM varNita adhAraNIya vegoM ke samAna hI hai| Ayurveda meM vaidya, auSadhi, rogI aura paricAraka - ye cikitsA ke cAra pramukha aMga svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / jaina sAhitya meM bhI 203
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________________ isI vivecana ke samarthana meM kathana prApta hotA hai caubvihA tigicchA paNNatA taM jahA vijjo, osahAI Aure, priyaare| sthAnAMga 4/4/516) Ayurveda ke kAyacikitsA, zalya, zAlakya, bhUtavidyA, kaumArya bhatya, agadataMtra, rasAyana evaM vAjIkaraNa va rasAyana-Adi prakAroM kA bhI ullekha jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha hai :aTThavihe Audhvee paNNatte, taM jahA kumArabhicce, kAyatigicchA, sAlAI, sallahattA, jaMgolI, bhaya vijjA, khArartate rsaaynne| (sthAnAMga-8/26) / jina prAtaHsmaraNIya pUjyapAda jaina sAdhuoM ne AyurvedIya sAhitya ko jaina siddhAntoM kA anugamana karate hue tathA dhArmika niyamoM kA pAlana karate huye, abhivRddha kiyA hai, unameM, paramapUjya svAmI samantabhadra, AcArya jinasena, vIrasena AcArya, somadeva, mahApaMDita AzAdhara Adi pramukha haiN| ina AcAryoM ne svataMtra rUpa se AyarvedIya sAhitya kI sarjanA karane ke sAtha AyarvedIya sAhitya ke nirmANa karane kI ceSTA kI hai| jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke dvArA AyurvedIya granthoM kA prakAzana bhI kiyA gayA hai| inameM ugrAditya AcArya dvArA likhita kalyANa-kAraka, zrI pUjyapAda svAmI dvArA saMkalita vaidyasAra Adi pramukha haiN| nidAna cikitsA Adi viSayoM para jainAcAryoM ne aneka grantharAjoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM harSakIti sari, anantadeva sari, zrIkaNTha sari aura vaidyaka kaNTharAja ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| svAmI samantabhadra ke vaidyaka grantha ke anekoM uddharaNa yogaratnAkara meM prApta hai, kintu yaha pustaka aprApya hai / jainAcAryoM ne ina AyurvedIya graMthoM kI racanA prAkRta, saMskRta, kannar3a aura hindI Adi sabhI bhASAoM meM kI hai| isake atirikta baMgAlI, paMjAbI, tamila Adi bhASAoM meM bhI ina AcAryoM dvArA AyurvedIya sAhitya sRjana ke udAharaNa prApta hote haiN| isa samasta uparyukta vivecana ke pariprekSya meM yaha spaSTa kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne adhyAtma-vidyA taka hI apane Apako sImita nahIM kiyA, varana dharma, artha, darzana, nyAya evaM Ayarveda--ina sabhI ke kSetroM meM apane ko prakAzita kiyA hai| unake isa bhAratIya saMskRti ko kiye gaye advitIya yogadAna ne lokahita evaM svaparakalyANa-ina donoM hI mArgoM ko prazasta kiyA hai| prAcIna bhArata meM cikitsA cikitsakoM ko bhAratIya samAja meM sadaiva Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA gayA hai| vedoM meM azvinIkumAroM ke sambandha meM aneka maMtra haiN| azvinIkumAra usa yuga ke pramukha vaidya the aura lokakalyANa ke nimitta cikitsA kiyA karate the| vaidika yuga kI cikitsA-paddhati kitanI vikasita thI-isakA anumAna azvinIkumAroM kI stuti meM prayukta isa RcA se lagAyA jA sakatA hai, "vRddha kali nAmaka stotA ko tumane yauvana se yukta kiyA thaa| tuma logoM ne laMgar3I vizvapalA ko lohe kA caraNa dekara use gatisamartha banA diyA thaa|" azvinIkumAroM kI taraha RbhugaNa bhI vaMdya the aura inakI pUjA bhI Arya zraddhA se kiyA karate the| pazcimottara bhArata ke takSazilA meM jo eka vizvaprasiddha vizvavidyAlaya thA usameM cikitsA zAstra para vizeSa rUpa se adhyayana karAyA jAtA thaa| jo vaidha yahAM se cikitsA-zAstra meM pAraMgata hokara nikalate the unakA samAja meM vizeSa sthAna hotA thaa| aise prakaraNa milate haiM ki jaba kabhI bha0 buddha bImAra par3ate the, taba unake bhakta aise prasiddha vaidya ko upacAra ke nimitta bulAte the jo ki takSazilA kA snAtaka ho / jainAcAryoM ne apanI paramakAruNika daSTi ke kAraNa aisI auSadha vidhiyoM kA dharma granthoM meM ullekha kiyA hai jisameM madhu, madya evaM mAMsa kA anupAna na ho| AcArya samantabhadra ne 'siddhAntarasAyanakalpa' evaM 'puSpAyuvada' jaise bRhada maulika granthoM kI saMracanA kara cikitsaka samAja ko aneka prayogoM kI sAmagrI pradAna kI thii| unhoMne apane grantha meM 18000 prakAra ke parAgarahita pUSpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| jainadharma ke suprasiddha grantha 'padmAnandamahAkAvya' meM aisI zalyacikitsA kI vidhi kA ullekha hai, jisameM zarIrastha roga ke kITANuoM ko jIvita rakhate hue kuSTha roga kI cikitsA kI jAtI thii| AcArya suzruta evaM caraka ne auSadha-zAstra evaM zalya-cikitsA kA jo kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA thA vaha lagabhaga 1550 I0 taka nirantara pravahamAna rhaa| bhavamizra ne upadaMza ke upacAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha roga bhArata meM purtagAlavAsiyoM ke jariye AyA thaa| bhAratIya cikitsakoM ne samaya-samaya para utpanna huI bImAriyoM para apane saphala nidAna dekara mAnava-kalyANa meM sahayoga diyA hai| yahAM ke vaidyoM ne roga-nivAraNa ke lie auSadhiyoM ke atirikta cIra-phAr3a meM bhI saphala prayoga kie the| zalyacikitsA meM yahAM para savA nau sau prakAra ke aujAra pracalita the aura suprasiddha cintaka gerisana ke anusAra, "aisA koI bhI bar3A Aparezana nahIM thA, jise prAcIna hindu saphalatApUrvaka nahIM kara sakate the"| bauddha dharma granthoM meM jIvaka nAmaka eka vaidya ne eka seTha ke mastaka kA Aparezana kiyA thaa| haivela ne likhA hai ki khalIphA hArUM-ala-rasIda ne apane rAjya meM, aspatAloM kA saMgaThana karane ke lie bhAratIya vaidyoM ko Amantrita kiyA thaa| lArDa empathila ke anusAra to madhyakAlIna tathA arvAcIna yUropa ko cikitsA-sambandhI sArA jJAna araboM se milA thA aura araboM ko bhArata se| (paM. javAhara lAla neharU, zrI rAmadhArI siMha 'dinakara' evaM anya lekhakoM ke nibandhoM ke AdhAra para prastuta) -sampAdaka 204 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana anya