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________________ 21 asteya-vrata : Adarza prAmANikatA AcArya zayyaMbhava jaise mahAn zrutadhara zAstrakAroM ne kahA hai "cittamantamacittaM vA, appaM vA jai vA bhuN| daMta-sohaNamettaM pi, uggahaMsi ajAiyA / " __ ajIva vastu ho yA nirjIva, kama ho yA jyAdA, para mAlika kI AjJA ke binA koI bhI vastu nahIM lenI caahie| dAMta kuredane kA tinakA bhI binA prAjJA ke nahIM liyA jA sakatA hai| jaba asteya-vrata para samyak rUpa se vicAra kareMge, to yaha pratIta hogA ki isa vrata kA pAlaka hI ahiMsA aura satya vrata kA pAlaka bana sakatA hai| apanI vastu ko chor3akara dUsare kI kisI bhI vastu ko galata irAde se hAtha lagAnA corI hai| dUsare kI vastu ko binA usakI anumati ke apane upayoga meM lAnA adattAdAna hai| isa adattAdAna kA tyAga hI asteya vrata hai| isIlie zAstrakAroM ne kahA hai ki mArga meM par3I haI dUsare kI vastU ko apanI banA letA bhI corI hai| mana, vacana aura kAya se corI karanA, karAnA, aura antataH anumodana karanA bhI corI hai| kisI bhI vastu ko binA prAjJA lene kA niyama isa vrata meM batAyA gayA hai| jisa vastu ko hamako AvazyakatA na ho, vaha vastu dUsaroM ke pAsa se lenA bhI corI hai| phira bhale hI vaha vastu dUsaroM kI prAjJA se hI kyoM na lI gaI ho, para binA jarUrata ke vastu lenA bhI corI hI hai| amuka madhura susvAdu phala Adi khAne kI manuSya ko koI khAsa AvazyakatA nahIM hai, phira bhI yadi vaha unheM khAne laga jAe to vaha bhI corI hI hai| manuSya apanI garimA ko samajhatA nahIM hai, isI se usa bhukkhar3a vyakti se aisI corI ho jAtI hai| isa vrata ke pArAdhaka ko isa prakAra acaurya kA vyApaka artha ghaTAnA caahie| jaise-jaise vaha isa vra vizAla rUpa meM pAlana karatA jAegA, vaise-vaise isa vrata kI mahattA aura usakA rahasya bhI samajhatA jaaegaa| asteya kA isase bhI gaharA artha yaha hai ki peTa bharane aura zarIra TikAne ke lie jarUrata se adhika saMgraha karanA bhI corI hI hai| eka manuSya AvazyakatA se adhika rakhane laga jAe, to yaha svAbhAvika hI hai ki dUsare jarUratamandoM ko AvazyakatA pUrti ke lie bhI kucha nahIM mila skegaa| do jor3I kapar3oM ke bajAya yadi koI manuSya bIsa jor3I kapar3e rakhe, to isase spaSTa hI dUsare pA~ca-sAta garIba AdamiyoM ko vastra-hIna honA par3a sakatA hai / ataH kisI bhI vastu kA adhika saMgraha karanA corI hai| jo vastu jisa upayoga ke lie milI hai, usakA vaisA upayoga nahIM karanA bhI corI hai| zarIra, indriya, buddhi, zakti Adi kI prApti jana-sevA tathA Atma-ArAdhanA ke lie huI hai, unakA upayoga jana-sevA tathA AtmArAdhanA meM na kara, ekAntarUpa se bhogopabhoga meM karanA bhI sUkSma dRSTi se corI hI hai| zarIrAdi kA upayoga paramArtha ke lie na karate hue, svArtha ke lie karanA bhI eka taraha kI corI hI hai| upaniSad meM azvapati rAjA apane rAjya kI mahattA koba tAte hue eka vAkya kahatA hai-'na me steno janapade na kadarya:-...-cora aura kRpaNa ko vaha eka hI zreNI meM rakhatA hai| gaharA vicAra kareMge, to pratIta hogA ki kRpaNa hI cora ke janaka hote haiN| ataH samAja 1. dazavakAlika sUtra, 6, 14. asteya-vrata : prAdarza prAmANikatA 285 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ meM asteya vrata kI pratiSThA kAyama karane ke lie kRpaNoM ko apanI kRpaNatA tyAga denI cAhie aura isake badale meM udAratA prakaTa karanI caahie| corI ke pramukha cAra prakAra hote haiM-dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva / dravya se corI karanA yAni vastuoM kI corii| sajIva aura nirjIva-donoM prakAra kI corI dravya corI kahI jAtI hai| kisI ke pazu curA lenA yA kisI kI strI kA apaharaNa kara lenA, kisI kA bAlaka carA lenA yA kisI ke phalaphala toDanA, yaha sajIva corI hai| sonA-cA~dI hIrA, mANika, motI Adi kI corI, nirjIva corI hai| kara kI corI kA bhI nirjIva corI meM samAveza hotA hai| jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai, mArga meM par3I huI aisI koI nirjIva vastu, jisakA koI mAlika na ho, uThA kara le lenA bhI corI hai| kisI ke ghara yA kheta para anucita rIti se apanA adhikAra kara lenA, yaha kSetra kI corI hai| eka rASTra dUsare rASTra para AkramaNa karake use apane kabje meM kara letA hai yA usake sAdhanoM ko, Arthika srotoM ko har3apa letA hai--yaha bhI kSetra-corI ke antargata hai| vetana, kirAyA, byAja Adi dene-lene ke samaya niyata samaya kI nyUnAdhikatA karanA kAla kI corI hai| jo samaya, jisa kartavya ke anuSThAna kA hai, use nizcita samaya para na karanA, kAla kI corI hai| isakA artha hai-pAlasya, pramAda, upekSA Adi kisI-nakisI rUpa meM corI hai| kisI kavi, lekhaka yA vaktA ke bhAvoM ko, vicAroM ko lekara apane nAma se likhanA, prakAzita karanA bhAva-corI hai| corI kA vicAra karanA bhI bhAva-corI hai| bhAva-cauryakarma kA kSetra vyApaka hai| eka lekhaka ne likhA hai- "He who purposely cheats his friends, would cheat his God". arthAt jo vyakti apane mitra ko dhokhA detA hai, ThagatA hai, vaha eka dina Izvara ko bhI tthgegaa| dUsare eka lekhaka ne likhA hai---"Dishonesty is a for Saking of permanent for temporary advantages" arthAta aprAmANikatA yA corI karanA, yaha kSaNika lAbha ke lie zAzvata zreya ko guma kara dene jaisA hai| apane haka ke atirikta kI vastu, cAhe jisa kisI prakAra se le lenA corI hai| koI sarakArI naukara-AphIsara kisI kA koI kAma karake rizvata yA inAma le to yaha bhI corI hai| jabaki unakI naukarI usI kAma ke lie hai, to phira nirdhArita vetana ke atirikta rizvata Adi lenA corI hI hai| apane asAdhya roga kI khabara ho, phira bhI bImA karAnA, yaha bhI eka taraha kI corI hai| yaha spaSTa hI anaitika karma hai, bImA kampanI ko ThaganA hai| Aye dinoM coriyoM kI prakAratA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| corI kA pApa corI karane vAle ko to lagatA hI hai, parantu pratyakSa nahIM, to parokSa rUpa meM ve vyakti bhI isa pApa-karma ke kama bhAgIdAra nahIM hote, jo samAja kI paristhiti kI tarapha dhyAna nahIM dete| aA~khamuMda kara nirantara anAvazyaka saMgraha meM hI lage rahate haiN| Aja eka aora kArakhAne adhikAdhika mAla paidA kara rahe haiM, to dUsarI ora kRtrima abhAva kI sthiti paidA kara udyogapati aura zrImantoM kI zoSaNa-nIti aura saMgraha-vRtti pratidina corI ke naya-naye tarIke paidA kara rahI hai| corI kA antaraMga kAraNa : yadi corI kA antaraMga kAraNa khojeMge, to pratIta hogA ki usakA mUla mAnava kI belagAma bar3hatI huI artha-lolupatA meM hI sthita hai| jisake pAsa Aja sau rupaye hai, vaha hajAra kamAne kI dhuna meM hai| hajAra rupaye vAlA, dasa hajAra aura dasa hajAra vAlA use lAkha karane kI lAlasA meM phaMsA huA hai| paisoM kI isa daur3a-dhUpa meM manuSya nIti aura pannA samikkhae dhamma 286 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ prAmANikatA ko bhI bhUla gayA hai| yena-kena-prakAreNa dhana-saMcaya karane kI ora hI lagA huA hai| isa prakAra 'artha-lolupatA' corI kA antaraMga kAraNa hai / 1. bekArI: corI ke bahuta kAraNa haiM, jinameM cAra kAraNa mukhya haiM / bekArI, inameM prathama kAraNa haiM / kAma dhandhA nahIM milane se, bekAra ho jAne se, phalata: apanI AjIvikA ThIka taraha nahIM calA sakane ke kAraNa kitane hI durbala manovRtti ke ajJAnI 'vyakti corI karanA sIkhate haiM / jo prabuddha aura prAmANika hote haiM, ve to maraNa pasanda karate haiM, para corI karanA nahIM cAhate haiM / parantu aise vyakti bahuta kama hote haiM / adhikAMza varga to bekArI se ghabarA kara kAma-dhandhA nahIM milane se AkhirakAra peTa kA khaDDA bharane ke lie corI kA mArga pakar3a letA hai / 2. apavyaya : corI kA dUsarA kAraNa-- apavyaya hai / apavyaya karanA bhI corI sIkhAtA hai / adhikAMzataH zrImaMtAI ke ahaMkAra yA bhoga-vRtti ke kAraNa manuSya phijUla - kharcI bana jAtA hai / eka bAra hAtha ke khula jAne para, phira use kAbU meM rakhanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / apavyayI ke pAsa paisA TikatA nahIM hai aura jaba vaha nirdhana ho jAtA hai, taba vaha apanI phijUla kharcI kI Adata se idhara-udhara kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM corI karane laga jAtA hai / aneka vyakti vivAha Adi prasaMga meM karja lekara kharca karate haiM, parantu bAda meM jaba use cukAnA par3atA hai aura koI AmadanI kA jariyA nahIM hotA hai, taba ve corI kA mArga grahaNa karate haiM / isa prakAra kisI bhI prakAra kI phijula kharcI yA nirarthaka kharca manuSya ko anaitika mArga para khIMca le jAtA hai| Aja ke manuSya duniyA kI najaroM meM, jo khulI corI kahI jAtI hai usase bhale hI dUra raheM, para zoSaNa anIti kI gupta corI kI tarapha jhukate hI haiM / 3. mAna-pratiSThA : corI kA tIsarA kAraNa bhAna pratiSThA hai| manuSya bar3A banane ke lie vivAha Adi prasaMgoM meM apanI zakti se bar3hakara kharca karatA hai / pazcAt isa kSati kI pUrti kaise karatA hai ? anIti aura zoSaNa dvArA ho to yaha pUrti hotI hai na ? 4. Adata : corI kA cauthA kAraNa hai mana kI Adata / azikSA aura kusaMgati se kitane hI vyaktiyoM kI Adata corI karane kI ho jAtI hai / ye loga corI karate haiM, kyoM karate haiM ? isakA koI uttara nahIM ? basa, eka Adata hai, kahIM se cupake se jo mila jAe, uThA lenA / kucha bhI ho, kisI bhI rUpa meM ho, corI kA Antarika kAraNa artha-lolupatA hai, jo ki saMtoSa vRtti prApta karane se dUra ho sakatI hai| aura vaha saMtoSa-vRtti dharmAcaraNa se hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai / asteya ke praticAra : asteya vrata ke pA~ca praticAra haiN| isa saMdarbha meM tattvArtha kA yaha sUtra draSTavya hai-" stena prayoga - tadAhRtAdAna- viruddharAjyAtikrama- hInAdhika- mAnonmAna pratirUpakavyavahArA / 1. stena prayoga : kisI ko corI karane kI preraNA denA tathA usake kAma se sahamata honA, yaha prathama praticAra-doSa hai / kAlA bAjAra (Black Market ) se corI kA anAja lekara kisI ne jImanavAra (prIti bhoja) kiyA ho, usameM bhojana karane ke lie jAnA bhI corI ke kAma meM sahamata hone jaisA hI hai / kucha 'dhannA seTha' kahe jAne vAle loga taskara - vyApAra se arjita paise ke bala para vivAha Adi prasaMgoM meM paramparAgata rUr3hiyoM evaM bar3e gharoM ke bar3e rIti-rivAja Adi ke vaza meM ho lambe-caur3e jImanavAra karate haiM aura ajJAnI mAnavoM kI vAne vAhI lUTate haiM / kAla bAjAra kI vastu kharIdane vAlA svayaM to pApa kA bhAgIdAra banatA hI hai, para sAtha meM kAlA bAjAra karane vAle ko uttejana bhI detA hai| corI kisI eka vyakti ne kI ho, phira bhI usa kAma meM kisI bhI taraha se bhAga lene vAlA bhI doSI mAnA gayA hai / isa prakAra zAstrakAroM ne aneka prakAra asteya vrata : Adarza prAmANikatA 287 .
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________________ ke cora kahe haiN| kAlA-bAjAra se vastuoM ko becane vAle, kharIdane vAle, rasoI karane. vAle. bhojana karane vAle, isa kArya ke prazaMsaka Adi, ye sabhI kama-jyAdA aMza meM corI ke pApa ke bhAgIdAra kahe jAte haiN| 2. tadAhRtAdAna : cora dvArA curAI huI vastue~ lenA, tadAhRtAdAna hai| corI kI huI vastu sadA sastI hI becI jAtI hai, jisase lene vAle kA dila lalacAtA hai, aura vaha khuza ho kara kharIda letA hai| koI zakkara, cAvala Adi rAzana kI vastue~ corI karake lAyA ho aura Apa unheM kharIdate haiM, to usase bhI yaha aticAra lagatA hai| 3. viruddha-rAjyAtikrama : prajA ke hitArtha sarakAra ne jo nIti-niyama banAye hoM, unakA bhaMga karanA 'viruddha-rAjyAttikrama' aticAra hai| yadi prajA isa aticAra-doSa se makta rahe, to sarakAra ko prajA-hita ke kArya karanA sarala bana jaae| 4. honAdhika-mAnonmAna: kama-jyAdA tolanA-mApanA, nyUnAdhika lenA-denA, isa aticAra meM AtA hai| ApakI dukAna para samajhadAra yA nAsamajha, vRddha yA bAlaka yA strI cAhe koI bhI vyakti vastu kharIdane pAe, to Apako sabake sAtha eka jaisA prAmANika vyavahAra hI rakhanA caahie| aprAmANikatA bhI mUla meM corI hai| anajAna grAmINa se adhika mUlya lenA sAhUkArI ThagAI hai, dina kI corI hai| corI, cAhe dina kI ho, yA rAta kI, corI hI kahI jAtI hai| 5. pratirUpaka-vyavahAraH mUlyavAna vastu meM kama mUlya kI vastu milAkara yA asalI ke sthAna para nakalI vastu banAkara becanA 'pratirUpaka-vyavahAra' aticAra-doSa hai| Aja prAyaH hara cIja meM milAvaTa dekhI jAtI hai| ghI ke vyApArI zuddha ghI meM vanaspati ghI yA carbI Adi milAte haiN| Ajakala vanaspati ghI meM bhI carbI milAyI jAne lagI hai| dUdhavAle dUdha meM pAnI milAte haiN| zakkara meM pATA, kapar3e dhone ke sor3he meM canA, jIrA aura ajavAina ke usI raMga ke miTTI-kaMkara, milAye jAte haiN| jIrA meM kisa prakAra milAvaTa kI jAtI hai, isa sambandha meM kucha varSa pahale 'harijana sevaka' meM eka lekha prakAzita huA thaa| ghAsa ko jIrA ke AkAra meM kATane ke kaI kArakhAne calate haiN| pahale jIrA ke AkAra meM ghAsa ke Tukar3e kie jAte haiM, phira una para gar3a kA pAnI chir3akA jAtA hai| isa prakAra nakalI jIrA taiyAra karake thailI meM bhara kara asalI jIre ke nAma se becA jAtA hai| khAne ke tela meM zuddha kiyA hayA gaMdha rahita ghAsaleTa taila yA carbI ko milAyA jAtA hai| khAdya padArthoM meM isa prakAra jaharIlI vastuoM kA saMmizraNa karanA kitanA bhayaMkara kAma hai ? kyA yaha naitika-patana kI parAkASThA nahIM hai ? kAlI mirca ke bhAva bahuta bar3ha jAne se vyApArI loga usameM papIte ke bIjoM kA sammizraNa karane laga gae haiN| gehU~, cAvala, canA Adi meM bhI usI raMga ke kaMkaroM kA mizraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, jo bhAratIya nAgarika naitika-dRSTi se videzoM meM U~cA samajhA jAtA thA, vahI Aja saba se nIcA samajhA jAne lagA hai| davAe~ bhI nakalI banane laga gaI haiN| naitika-patana kI koI sImA hI nahIM raha gaI hai| bImAra manuSyoM ke upayoga meM Ane vAlI davAoM meM bhI jo unake svAsthya evaM jIvana-rakSA ke lie haiM, jahA~ isa taraha milAvaTa kI jAtI ho, galata evaM hAniprada davAe~ becI jAtI hoM, to kahie bhArata jaise dharma-pradhAna deza ke lie yaha kitanI lajjAspada bAta hai| patra-patrikAoM meM vijJApana ke dvArA becI jAne vAlI apanI sAdhAraNa vastuoM kA atizayokti-pUrNa varNana karanA bhI, isa aticAra meM AtA hai| ina aticAroM kA yadi sarva-sAdhAraNa-jana tyAga kara deM, to pRthvI para svarga utArA jA sakatA hai| spaSTa hai, ina sabhI aticAroM se mukta hone meM hI mAnava-samAja kA zreya hai| 288 Jain Education Intemational pannA samikkhae dhamma