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________________ arthAdhigama-cintana antaH aura bAhya padArthoMke jJApaka sAdhanoMpara prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM vicAra kiyA gayA haiM aura sabane arthAdhigamakA sAdhana ekamAtra pramANako svIkAra kiyA hai / ' pramANAghInA hi prameyavyavasthA', 'mAnAdhInA hi meyasthitiH', 'prameyasiddhiH pramANAddhi' jaise pratipAdanoM dvArA yahI batalAyA gayA hai ki pramANa hI prameyakI siddhi athavA vyavasthA yA jJAnakA sAdhana hai, anya koI nahIM / jaina darzanameM arthAdhigamake sAdhana para jaina darzanameM pramANake atirikta nayako bhI padArthoke adhigamakA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai / darzana kSetra meM adhigamake ina do upAyoMkA nirdeza hameM prathamataH 'tattvArthasUtra' meM milatA hai / tattvArthasUtrakArane likhA hai ki tattvArthakA adhigama do tarahase hotA hai : -- 1. pramANase aura 2. nayase / unake paravartI sabhI jaina vicArakoM kA bhI yahI mata hai / yahA~ unhoMke sambandhameM kucha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / pramANa anya darzanoM meM jahA~ indriyavyApAra, jJAtRvyApAra kArakasAkalya, sannikarSa Adiko pramANa mAnA gayA hai aura unase hI artha- pramiti batalAI gaI hai vahA~ jaina darzana meM svArtha vyavasAyi jJAnako pramANa kahA gayA hai aura usake dvArA artha paricchitti svIkAra kI gaI hai / indriya-vyApAra Adiko pramANa na mAnane tathA jJAnako pramANa mAnanemeM jaina cintakoMne yaha yukti dI hai ki jJAna artha-pramitimeM avyavahitasAkSAt karaNa hai aura indriyavyApAra Adi vyavahita- paramparA karaNa haiM tathA avyavahita karaNako hI pramAjanaka mAnanA yukta hai, vyavahitako nahIM / unakI dUsarI yukti yaha hai ki pramiti artha - prakAza athavA ajJAna - nivRttirUpa hai vaha jJAna dvArA hI sambhava hai, ajJAnarUpa indriyavyApAra Adike dvArA nahIM / prakAzadvArA hI andhakAra dUra hotA hai, ghaTapaTAdidvArA nahIM / tAtparya yaha ki jainadarzanameM pramANa jJAnarUpa hai aura vahI artha paricchedaka hai / pramANase do prakAra kI paricchitti hotI hai: - 1. spaSTa (vizada) aura 2. aspaSTa ( avizada ) / jisa jJAnameM indriya, mana, prakAza Adi parakI apekSA nahIM hotI vaha jJAna spaSTa hotA hai tathA asandigdha, avi 1. 'pramANanayairadhigamaH ' -- tattvArthasU0 1-6 | 2. (ka) 'tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanam / kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syAdvAdanaya-saMskRtam // ' - samantabhadra, AptamI0 kA0 101 / (kha) pramANanayAbhyAM hi vivecitA jIvAdayaH samyagadhigamyante / tadvyatirekeNa jIvAdyadhigame prakArAntarAsambhavAt / ' 29 Jain Education 'International - abhinava dharmabhUSaNa, nyAyadI0 pR0 4 / 225 -
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________________ parIta evaM nirNayAtmaka hotA hai| jaina darzana meM aise tIna jJAna svIkAra kiye gaye haiM / ve haiM avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAna / ina tIna jJAnoMko mukhya athavA pAramArthika pratyakSa kahA gayA hai / " para jina jJAnoM meM indriya, mana, prakAza Adi parakI apekSA rahatI hai ve jJAna aspaSTa hote haiM tathA jitane aMzoMmeM ve vyavahArAvisaMvAdI hote haiM utane aMzoMmeM ve asaMdigdha, aviparIta evaM nirNayAtmaka hote haiM, zeSa aMzoMmeM nahIM / aise jJAna do haiM :- 1 mati aura 2 zruta / ina donoM jJAnoMmeM parakI apekSA honese unakI parokSa saMjJA hai / smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna, Agama jaise parApekSa jJAnoMkA samAveza isI parokSa ( mati aura zruta) meM kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha parokSa aura pratyakSarUpa ina mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAnase arthAdhigama hotA hai| smaraNa rahe ki indriyAdikI apekSAse hone vAle cAkSuSa Adi jJAna pravRtti - nivRttirUpa lokasaMvyavahArake kAraNa hote haiM aura unheM lokameM 'pratyakSa' kahA jAtA hai / ataH ina jJAnoMko lokavyavahArakI dRSTise jaina cintakoMne sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa bhI kahA hai / vaise ve parokSa hI haiM / arthAdhigamakA hetu naya, aura pramANase usakA kathaMcit pArthakya aba prazna hai ki naya bhI yadi arthAdhigamakA sAdhana hai to vaha jJAnarUpa hai yA nahIM ? yadi jJAnarUpa hai to vaha pramANa hai yA apramANa ? yadi pramANa hai to use pramANase pRthak arthAdhigamakA upAya batAnekI kyA AvazyakatA thI ? anya darzanoMkI bhA~ti ekamAtra 'pramANa' ko hI adhigamopAya batAnA paryApta thA ? yadi apramANa hai to usase yathArtha arthAdhigama kaise ho sakatA hai, anyathA saMzayAdi mithyAjJAnase bhI yathArtha arthAdhigama honA cAhie ? aura yadi naya jJAnarUpa nahIM hai to use sannikarSAdikI taraha jJApaka svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ? ye katipaya prazna haiM, jo nayako arthAdhigamopAya mAnane vAle jaina darzanake sAmane uThate haiM / jaina manI - SiyoMne ina sabhI praznoMpara bar3e UhApoha ke sAtha vicAra kiyA hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki nayako arthAdhigamopAyake rUpameM anya darzanoM meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai aura jaina darzanameM hI use aMgIkAra kiyA gayA hai / vAstava meM 'naya' jJAnakA eka aMza hai aura isalie vaha na pramANa hai aura na apramANa, kintu jJAnAtmaka pramANakA ekadeza hai / jaba jJAtA yA vaktA jJAna dvArA yA vacanoM dvArA padArtha meM aMzakalpanA karake use grahaNa karatA hai to usakA vaha jJAna athavA vacana naya kahA jAtA hai aura jaba padArtha meM aMzakalpanA kiye binA vaha use samagra rUpameM grahaNa karatA hai taba vaha jJAna pramANa rUpase vyavahRta hotA hai| Upara hama dekha cuke haiM ki mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ina pA~ca jJAnoMko pramANa kahA gayA hai aura unheM pratyakSa tathA parokSa ina do bhedoM (vargoM) meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| jina jJAnoMmeM viSaya aspaSTa evaM apUrNa jhalakatA hai unheM parokSa tathA jinameM viSaya spaSTa evaM pUrNa pratibimbita hotA hai unheM pratyakSa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / mati aura zruta ina do jJAnoM meM viSaya aspaSTa evaM apUrNa jhalakatA hai, isa 1-2 matizrutAvadhimanaH paryaya kevalAni jJAnam', 'tatpramANe', 'Adye parokSam', 'pratyakSamanyat' 3. ' mati: smRti: saMjJA cintAbhinibodha ityanarthAntaram' 4. 'pramANakadezAzca nayA: " . ....... - tattvArthasU0 1 9, 10, 11, 12 / - tattvArthasUtra 1 - 13 / - pUjyapAda, sarvArtha0 1-32 / * 226 -
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________________ lie unheM 'parokSa' kahA hai tathA zeSa tIna jJAnoM ( avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala ) meM viSaya spaSTa evaM pUrNa pratiphalita hotA hai, ataH unheM 'pratyakSa' pratipAdana kiyA hai / pratipatti-bhedase bhI pramANa-bhedakA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha nirUpaNa hameM pUjyapAda - devanandikI sarvArthasiddhimeM upalabdha hotA hai| pUjyapAdane likhA hai ki pramANa do prakArakA hai :- 1. svArtha aura 2. parArthaM / zrutajJAnako chor3akara zeSa cAroM mati, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAna svArtha- pramANa haiM, kyoMki unake dvArA svArtha ( jJAtA ke lie) pratipatti hotI hai, parArtha (zrotA yA vineya janoM ke lie) nahIM / parArthapratipattikA to ekamAtra sAdhana vacana hai aura ye cAroM jJAna vacanAtmaka nahIM haiM / kintu zruta -pramANa svArtha aura parArtha donoM prakArakA hai / jJAnAtmaka zruta pramANako svArtha pramANa kahate haiM aura vacanAtmaka zruta pramANako parArtha pramANa kahA gayA hai / vastutaH zruta pramANake dvArA svArtha pratipatti aura parArtha- pratipatti donoM hotI haiM / jJAnAtmaka zruta pramANa dvArA svArtha pratipatti aura vacanAtmaka parArtha zruta pramANa dvArA parArtha pratipatti hotI haiM / jJAtA vaktA jaba kisI vastukA dUsare ko jJAna karAneke lie zabdoccAraNa karatA hai to vaha apane abhiprAyAnusAra usa vastumeM aMza kalpanA - paTa, ghaTa, kAlA, sapheda, choTA, bar3A Adi bhedoM dvArA usakA zrotA yA vineyoMko jJAna karAtA hai / jJAtA yA vaktAkA vaha zabdoccAraNa upacArataH vacanAtmaka parArthaM zrutapramANa hai aura zrotAko jo vaktAke zabdoMse bodha hotA hai vaha vAstava parArtha zruta pramANa hai tathA jJAtA yA vaktAkA jo abhiprAya rahatA hai aura jo aMzagrAhI hai vaha jJAnAtmaka svArtha zrutapramANa hai / niSkarSa yaha ki jJAnAtmaka svArthazruta pramANa aura vacanAtmaka parArtha zrutapramANa donoM naya haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana-granthoM meM jJAnanaya aura vacananayake bhedase do prakArake nayoMkA bhI vivecana milatA hai / uparyukta vivecanase spaSTa hai ki naya zruta pramANakA aMza hai, vaha mati, avadhi tathA mana:paryayajJAnakA aMza nahIM hai, kyoMki matyAdi dvArA jJAta sImita arthake aMzameM nayakI pravRtti nahIM hotI / naya to samasta padArthoke aMzoMkA ekaikazaH nizcAyaka hai, jabaki matyAdi tInoM jJAna unako viSaya nahIM karate / yadyapi kevalajJAna una samasta padArthoM ke aMzoMmeM pravRtta hotA hai aura isalie nayako kevalajJAnakA aMza mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu na to unheM parokSa-aspaSTa rUpase jAnatA hai aura kevalajJAna pratyakSa ( spaSTa ) rUpase unakA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / ata: naya kevalamUlaka bhI nahIM hai / vaha sirpha parokSa zrutapramANamUlaka hI hai / * 1. 'tajjayati paraM jyotiH samaM samastairanantaparyAyaH / darpaNata iva sakalA pratiphalati padArthamAlikA yatra // ' - amRtacandra, puruSArthasi0 kA 0 1 / 2. " tatra pramANaM dvividhaM svArthaM parArthaM ca / tatra svArthaM pramANaM zrutavarjjam / zrutaM punaH svArtha bhavati parArthaM ca / jJAnAtmakaM svArthaM vacanAtmakaM parArtham / tadvikalpA nayAH / " -- pUjyapAda, sarvArthasi0 1- 6 / 3. " tataH parArthAvigamaH pramANanayairvacanAtmabhiH karttavyaH svArtha iva jJAnAtmabhiH pramANanayaiH, anyathA kAtsrtsnyenaikadezena tattvArthAdhigamAnupapatteH / " - vidyAnanda, tattvArthazlokavA0 pR0 142 / 4. "materavadhito vApi manaHparyayato'pi vA / jJAtasyArthasya nAMze'sti nayAnAM vartanaM nanu // 24 // niHzeSadezakAlArtha gocaratvavinizcayAt / tasyeti bhASitaM kaizcidyuktameva tatheSTitaH // 25 // - 227 -
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________________ ataeva naya na ajJAnarUpa hai, na pramANarUpa hai aura na apramANarUpa / apitu pramANakA ekadeza hai| isIse use pramANase pRthaka adhigamopAya nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / aMzapratipattikA ekamAtra sAdhana vahI hai| aMzI-vastuko pramANase jAnakara anantara kisI eka aMza-avasthA dvArA padArthakA nizcaya karanA naya kahA gayA hai| pramANa aura nayake pArasparika antarako spaSTa karate hue jaina manISiyoMne kahA hai ki pramANa samagrako viSaya karatA hai aura naya asamagrako / prakhara tArkika vidyAnandane to uparyukta praznoMkA yukti evaM udAharaNa dvArA samAdhAna karake pramANa aura nayake pArthakyakA bar3e acche DhaMgase vivecana kiyA hai| ve jaina darzanake mUrdhanya grantha apane tattvArthazlokavAtikameM kahate haiM ki naya na pramANa hai aura na apramANa, apitu pramANaikadeza hai| ThIka usI prakAra jisa prakAra samudrase lAyA gayA ghar3A bhara pAnI na samudra hai aura na asamudra, apitu samudraikadeza hai| yadi use samudra mAna liyA jAya to zeSa sArA pAnI asamudra kahA jAyagA, athavA bahuta samudroMkI kalpanA karanI na hi matyavadhi manaHparyayANAmanyatamenApi pramANena gahItasyArthasyAMze nayAH pravartante, teSAM niHzeSadezakAlArthagocaratvAta, matyAdInAM tadagocaratvAt / na hi manomatirapyazeSaviSayA karaNaviSaye tajjAtIye vaaprvRttH| trikAlagocarAzeSapadArthAzeSu vRttitaH / kevalajJAnamUlatvamapi teSAM na yujyate // 26 // parokSAkAratAvRtteH spaSTatvAt kevalasya tu / / zrutamUlA nayAH siddhA vakSyamANAH pramANavat / / 27 / / yathaiva hi zrutaM pramANamadhigamajasamyagdarzananibandhanatattvArthAdhigamopAyabhUtaM matyavadhimanaHparyayakevalAtmakaM ca vakSyamANaM tathA zrutamUlA nayAH siddhAsteSAM parokSAkArata yA vRttaH / tataH kevalamUlA nayAstrikAlagocarAzeSapadArthAzeSu vartanAditi na yuktamutpazyAmastadvatteSAM spaSTatvaprasaMgAt / " -vidyAnanda, tattvArthazlo0 1-6, pR0 124 / 1. (ka) "evaM hi uktam--"pragRhya pramANataH pariNativizeSAdarthAvadhAraNa nayaH / " -sarvArthasi0 1-6 / (kha) "vastunyanekAntAtmanyavirodhena hi hetvarpaNAt sAdhyavizeSasya yAthAtmyaprApaNapravaNaH prayogo nyH|" -sarvA0si01-33 / 2. (ka) 'sakalAdezaH pramANAdhIno vikalAdezo nayAdhInaH' / sa0 si0 1-6 / (kha) 'arthasyAnekarUpasya dhIH pramANaM tdNshdhiiH| nayo dharmAntarApekSI durnayastannirAkRtiH ||'-asstts0 pR0 290 / 3. (ka) nApramANaM pramANaM vA nayo jJAnAtmako mataH / syAtpramANaikadezastu sarvathApyavirodhataH / / -ta0 zlo0 vA0 pR0 123 / (kha) 'nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate yataH / nAsamudraH samudro vA samudrAMzo yathocyate / / tanmAtrasya samudratve zeSAMzasyAsamudratA / samudrabahutvaM vA syAttaccetkostu samudravit / / -ta0 zlo0 pR0 118 / -228
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________________ pdd'egii| yadi use asamudra kahA jAya to zeSAAMzoMko bhI asamudra kahA jAyegA aura usa hAlatameM samudrakA vyavahAra kahIM bhI nahIM hogA / aisI sthitimeM kisIko 'samudrakA jJAtA' nahIM kahA jAyagA / ataH nayako pramANaikadeza mAnakara use jainadarzanameM pramANase pRthak adhigamopAya batAyA gayA hai / vastutaH alpajJa jJAtA aura zrotAko dRSTise usakA pRthak nirUpaNa atyAvazyaka hai / saMsArake samasta vyavahAra aura vacana-pravRtti nayoMke AdhArapara hI calate haiN| anantadharmAtmaka vastuke eka-eka aMzako jAnanA yA kahakara dUsaroMko janAnA nayakA kAma hai aura usa pUrI vastuko jAnanA pramANakA kArya hai / yadi naya na ho to vividha prazna, unake vividha samAdhAna, vividha vAda aura unakA samanvaya Adi koI bhI nahIM bana sktaa| svArthapramANa gUgA hai| baha bola nahIM sakatA aura na vividha vAdoM evaM praznoMko sulajhA sakatA hai / vaha zakti nayameM hI hai / ataH nayabAda jaina darzanakI eka vizeSa upalabdhi hai aura bhAratIya darzanako usakI anupama dena hai / upasaMhAra ___ vastu aneka dharmAtmaka hai, usakA pUrA bodha hama indriyoM yA vacanoM dvArA nahIM kara sakate / hA~, nayoMke dvArA eka-eka dharmakA bodha karate hae anaginata dharmoMkA jJAna kara sakate haiN| vastuko jaba dravya yA paryAyarUpa, nitya yA anitya, eka yA aneka Adi kahate haiM to usake eka-eka aMzakA hI kathana yA grahaNa hotA hai| isa prakArakA grahaNa naya dvArA hI saMbhava hai. pramANa dvArA nhiiN| prasiddha jaina tArkika siddhasenane nayavAdakI AvazyakatApara bala dete hue likhA hai ki jitane vacana-mArga haiM utane hI naya hai / mUlameM do naya svIkAra kiye gaye haiM2-1. dravyAthika aura 2. paryAyAthika / dravya, sAmAnya, anvayakA grAhaka dravyArthika aura paryAya, vizeSa, vyatirekakA grAhI paryAyAthika naya hai| dravya aura paryAya ye saba milakara pramANakA viSaya haiM / isa prakAra vidita hai ki pramANa aura naya ye do vastu-adhigamake sAdhana haiM aura donoM hI apaneapane kSetrameM vastu ke jJApaka evaM vyavasthApaka haiN| 1. 'jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA ceva hoMti NavavAyA' -sanmatitarka 3-47 / 2. 'nayo dvividhaH, dravyArthikaH paryAyAthikazca / paryAyAthikana yena bhAvatattvamadhigantadhyam, itareSAM trayANAM dravyAthikanayena, sAmAnyAtmakatvAta / dravyamarthaH pryojnmsyetysau| dravyAthikaH paryAyo'rthaH prayojanamasyetyaso / paryAyAthikaH tatsarvaM samuditaM prmaannnaadhigntvym|'-srvaarthsi0 1-33 / - 229 -