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________________ bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI aitihAsikatA zrI devendra muni zAstrI bhagavAna ariSTanemi bAIsaveM tIrthakara hai| Adhunika itihAsakAroM ne jo ki sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se mukta evaM zuddha aitihAsika dRSTi se sampanna haiM, unako aitihAsika puruSoM kI paMkti meM sthAna diyA hai| kintu sAmpradAyika dRSTikoNa se itihAsa ko bhI anyathA rUpa dene vAle loga isa tathya ko svIkAra nahIM karanA caahte| magara jaba ve karmayogI zrIkRSNa ko aitihAsika puruSa mAnate haiM to ariSTanemi bhI usI yuga meM hue haiM aura donoM meM atyanta nikaTa ke pArivArika sambandha the, arthAt zrIkRSNa ke pitA vasudeva aura ariSTanemi ke pitA samudravijaya donoM sahodara bhAI the, ataH unheM aitihAsika puruSa mAnane meM saMkoca nahIM honA caahie| vaidika sAhitya ke Aloka meM : Rgveda meM 'ariSTanemi' zabda cAra bAra prayukta huA hai| 'svasti nastAkSyoM ariSTanemiH' (Rgveda za141818) yahAM para ariSTanemi zabda bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke lie AyA hai| kitane hI vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki chAndogyopaniSad meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi kA nAma 'ghora AMgirasa RSi' AyA hai| ghora AMgirasa RSi ne zrIkRSNa ko AtmayajJa kI zikSA pradAna kI thii| unakI dakSiNA tapazcaryA, dAna, RjubhAva, ahiMsA, satyavacana rUpa thii|2 dharmAnanda kauzAmbI kA mAnanA hai ki AMgirasa bhagavAna neminAtha kA hI nAma thaa|3 ghora zabda bhI jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra aura tapasyA kI ugratA batAne ke lie Agama sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para vyavahRta huA hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM devakIputra zrIkRSNa ko ghora AMgirasa RSi upadeza dete hue kahate haiMare kRSNa ! jaba mAnava kA anta samaya sannikaTa Aye taba use tIna vAkyoM kA smaraNa karanA cAhie (1) svaM akSatamasi-tU avinazvara hai| (2) tvaM acyutamasi-tU eka rasa meM rahane vAlA hai| (3) tvaM prANasaMzitamasi-tU prANiyoM kA jIvanadAtA hai| 1 (ka) Rgveda 1 / 14 / 869 (kha) Rgveda 1 / 24 / 180 / 10 (ga) Rgveda 314153117 (gha) Rgveda 10 / 12 / 17861 2 ataH yata tapodAnamArjavahiMsAsatyavacana mititA asya dkssinnaa| -chAndogya upaniSad 3 / 17 / 4 3 bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA, pR0 57 ghoratave, ghore, ghoraguNe, ghora tavassI, ghorbNbhcervaasii| -bhagavatI 121 5 tabaitad ghoraM AMgirasa; kRSNAya devakIputrAyoktvovAcA'pipAsa eva sa babhava, so'ntavelAyA metattrayaM pratipadyetAkSatamasyacyutamasi prANasaM zitamasIti |-chaandogyopnissd pra0 3, khaNDa 18
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________________ bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI aitihAsikatA 356 zrIkRSNa isa upadeza ko zravaNa kara apipAsa ho gaye, unheM aba kisI bhI prakAra kI zikSA kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhii| ve apane Apako dhanya anubhava karane lge| prastuta kathana kI tulanA hama jaina AgamoM meM Aye hae bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke bhaviSya kathana se kara sakate haiN| dvArikA kA vinAza aura zrIkRSNa kI jaratkumAra ke hAtha se mRtyu hogI, yaha sunakara zrIkRSNa cintita hote haiN| taba unheM bhagavAna upadeza sunAte haiN| jise sunakara zrIkRSNa santuSTa evaM khedarahita hote haiN| Rgveda, yajurveda aura sAmaveda4 meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi ko tAr2yA ariSTanemi bhI likhA hai svasti na indo vRddha zravAH svati naH pUSA vizvavedAH / / svastinastAryo'riSTanemiH svasti no vRhaspatidadhAtu // 5 vijJoM kI dhAraNA hai ki ariSTanemi zabda kA prayoga jo vedoM meM huA hai vaha bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke lie hai|6|| mahAbhArata meM bhI 'tAya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| jo bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA hI apara nAma honA caahie| unhoMne rAjA sagara ko jo mokSamArga kA upadeza diyA hai vaha jainadharma ke mokSamantavyoM se atyadhika milatA-julatA hai| use par3hate samaya sahaja hI jJAta hotA hai ki hama mokSa sambandhI jainAgamika varNana par3ha rahe hai| unhoMne kahA sagara ! mokSa kA sukha hI vastutaH samIcIna sukha hai| jo aharniza dhana-dhAnya Adi ke upArjana meM vyasta hai, putra aura pazuoM meM hI anurakta hai vaha mUrkha hai, use yathArtha jJAna nahIM hotA / jisakI buddhi viSayoM meM Asakta hai, jisakA mana azAnta hai, aise mAnava kA upacAra kaThina hai, kyoMki jo rAga ke baMdhana meM baMdhA huA hai vaha mUr3ha hai tathA mokSa pAne ke lie ayogya hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha spaSTa hai ki sagara ke samaya meM vaidika loga mokSa meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the / ata: yaha upadeza kisI vaidika RSi kA nahIM ho sakatA / usakA sambandha zramaNa saMskRti yajurveda meM ariSTanemi kA ullekha eka sthAna para isa prakAra AyA hai-adhyAtmayajJa ko -Rgveda 10 / 12 / 17811 1 antakRddazA, varga 5, a01 2 (ka) tvamU Su vAjina devajUtaM sahAvAnaM tarutAraM rathAnAm / ariSTanemi pRtanAjamAzu svastaye tAya mihA huvema // (kha) Rgveda 111116 3 yajurveda 25 / 16 4 sAmaveda 3 5 Rgveda zaza16 6 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 7 7 evamuktastadA tAkSya: sarvazAstra vidAMvaraH / bibudhya saMpadaM cAgrayAM sadvAkyamidamabravIta // -mahAbhArata zAntiparva 2884 8 mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 268 / 5, 6
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________________ munidvaya abhinandana grantha pragaTa karane vAle, saMsAra ke bhavya jIvoM ko saba prakAra se yathArtha upadeza dene vAle aura jinake upadeza se jIvoM kI AtmA balavAna hotI hai una sarvajJa neminAtha ke lie Aiti samarpita karatA DaoNkTara rAdhAkRSNana ne likhA hai-yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ina tIna tIthaMkaroM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| skaMdapurANa ke prabhAsakhaNDa meM varNana hai-apane janma ke pichale bhAga meM vAmana ne tapa kiyA ke prabhAva se ziva ne vAmana ko darzana diye| ve ziva zyAmavarNa, acela tathA padmAsana se sthita the / vAmana ne unakA nAma neminAtha rkhaa| yaha neminAtha isa dhora kalikAla meM saba pApoM kA nAza karane vAle haiN| unake darzana aura sparza se karor3oM yajJoM kA phala prApta hotA hai| prabhAsapurANa meM bhI ariSTanemi kI stuti kI gaI hai / mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva, adhyAya 146 meM viSNusahasranAma meM do sthAnoM para 'zUraH zorirjanezvaraH' pada vyavahRta haA hai| jaise azokastAraNastAraH zUraH zaurijanezvaraH / / anukalaH zatAvartaH padmI padmanibhekSaNa ||50 / / kAlanemi mahAvIraH zauriH shuurjneshvrH| trilokAtmA trilokezaH kezavaH kezihAhariH / / 2 / / vAjasya nU prasava AvamavemAtra vizvA bhavanAvi sarvataH / sa nemirAjA pariyAti vidvAna prajA puSTi varddhamAno'smai svAhA / -vAjasaneyi-mAdhyaMdina zuklayajurveda, adhyAya 6, maMtra 25 sAtavalekara saMskaraNa (vikrama saMvat 1984) 2 The Yajurveda mentions the names of three Tirthankaras-Rishabha, Ajitnath, and Arishthanemi. -Indian Philosophy, Vol. 1, p. 287. bhavasya pazcime bhAge vAmanena tapaH kRtam / tenaivatapasAkRSTaH zivaH pratyakSatAM gataH / / padmAsanaH samAsInaH zyAmamUrti digambaraH / neminAthaH zivo'thavaM nAma cakre'sya vAmana // kalikAle mahAghore sarvapApapraNAzakaH / darzanAta sparzAnAdeva koTiyajJaphalaprada // -skaMdapurANa, prabhAsa khaNDa 4 kailAze vimale ramye vRSabho'yaM jinezvaraH / cakAra svAvatAraM ca sarvajJaH sarvagaH zivaH / / revatAdrI thino nemirygaadivimlaacle| RSINAM yAzramAdeva mUktimArgasya kAraNam / / -prabhAsapurANa 46-50
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________________ bhagavAna ariSTanemi kI aitihAsikatA 361 ina zlokoM meM 'zUraH zaurirjanezvaraH' zabdoM ke sthAna meM 'zUraH zaurijinezvaraH' pATha mAnakara ariSTanemi artha kiyA gayA hai / " smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki yahA~ para zrIkRSNa ke lie 'zori' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / vartamAna meM AgarA jile ke baTezvara ke sannikaTa zauripura nAmaka sthAna hai / vahI prAcIna yuga meM yAdavoM kI rAjadhAnI thI / jarAsaMgha ke bhaya se yAdava vahA~ se bhAgakara dvArikA meM jA base / zauripura meM hI bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA janma huA thA, etadarthaM unheM 'zori' bhI kahA gayA hai / ve jinezvara to the hI ataH yahA~ 'zUraH zaurijinezvaraH' pATha adhika tarkasaMgata lagatA hai / kyoMki vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM kahIM para bhI zauripura ke sAtha yAdavoM kA sambandha nahIM batAyA, ataH mahAbhArata meM zrIkRSNa ko 'zauri' likhanA vicAraNIya avazya hai / bhagavAna ariSTanemi kA nAma ahiMsA kI akhaNDa jyoti jagAne ke kAraNa itanA atyadhika lokapriya huA ki mahAtmA buddha ke nAmoM kI sUcI meM eka nAma ariSTanemi kA bhI hai / laMkAvatAra ke tRtIya parivartana meM buddha ke aneka nAma diye haiM / vahIM likhA hai jisa prakAra eka hI vastu ke aneka nAma prayukta hote haiM usI prakAra buddha ke asaMkhya nAma haiN| koI unheM tathAgata kahate haiM to koI unheM svayaMbhU, nAyaka, vinAyaka, pariNAyaka, buddha, RSi, vRSabha, brAhmaNa, viSNu, Izvara, pradhAna, kapila, mUtAnata, bhAskara, ariSTanemi, rAma, vyAsa, zuka, indra, bali, varuNa Adi nAmoM se pukArate haiM / - itihAsakAroM kI dRSTi meM nandI sUtra meM RSi-bhASita (isibhAsiyaM) kA ullekha hai / usameM paiMtAlIsa pratyeka buddhoM ke dvArA nirUpita paiMtAlIsa adhyayana haiN| unameM bIsa pratyekabuddha bhagavAna ariSTanemi ke samaya meM unake nAma isa prakAra haiM hue 18 (1) nArada (2) vajjiyaputra (3) asita davika (4) bhAradvAja aMgirasa (5) puSpasAlaputra (6) valkalacIri (7) kurmAputra (8) kevalIputra (6) mahAkazyapa (10) tetaliputra 1 mokSamArga prakAza - paM0 ToDaramala 2 bauddhadharma darzana, pR0 162 (11) maMkhaliputra (12) yAjJavalkya (13) maMtraya bhayAlI (20) ulkalavAdI unake dvArA prarUpita adhyayana ariSTanemi ke astitva ke svayaMbhUta pramANa hai / prasiddha itihAsakAra DAkTara rAya caudharI ne apane vaiSNavadharma ke prAcIna itihAsa meM bhagavAna ariSTanemi (neminAtha) ko zrIkRSNa kA cacerA bhAI likhA hai / (14) bAhuka (15) madhurAyaNa (16) soriyAyaNa (17) vidu (18) varSapakRSNa (16) AriyANa 3 naMndI sUtra 4 NArada vajjiya- putte Asite aMgarisi - puphphasAle ya / vakkalakummA kevala kAsaba taha tetalisute ya // maMkhali jaNNa bhayAli bAhuya mahu soriyANA vidU vipU / varisakaNhai Ariya ukkala - vAdI ya taruNe ya // itibhAsiyAiM paDhama saMgrahaNI, gA0 2-3
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________________ 362 munidvaya abhinandana grantha pI0 sI0 dIvAna ne likhA hai 'jaina granthoM ke anusAra neminAma aura pArzvanAtha ke bIca meM 84000 varSa kA antara hai / hindU purANoM meM isa bAta kA nirdeza nahIM hai ki vasudeva ke samudravijaya bar3e bhAI the aura unake ariSTanemi nAmaka koI putra thaa|' prathama kAraNa ke sambandha meM dIvAna kA kahanA hai ki hameM yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki hamAre vartamAna jJAna ke lie yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki jaina granthakAroM ke dvArA eka tIrthakara se dUsare tIrthakara ke bIca meM sUdIrghakAla kA antarAla kahane meM unakA kyA abhiprAya hai, isakA vizleSaNa kara sakeM; kintu kevala isI kAraNa se jainagranthoM meM varNita ariSTanemi ke jIvanavRttAnta ko, jo atiprAcIna prAkRta granthoM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA dUsare kAraNa kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki bhAgavata sampradAya ke granthakAroM ne apane paramparAgata jJAna kA utanA hI upayoga kiyA hai jitanA zrIkRSNa ko paramAtmA siddha karane ke lie Avazyaka thaa| jainagranthoM meM aise aneka aitihAsika tathya haiM jo bhAgavata sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM haiN| karnala TaoNDa ne ariSTanemi ke sambandha meM likhA hai 'mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM cAra buddha yA medhAvI mahApuruSa hue haiN| unameM pahale AdinAtha aura dUsare neminAtha the| neminAtha hI skenDIneviyA nivAsiyoM ke prathama oDina tathA cIniyoM ke prathama 'pho' devatA the| prasiddha koSakAra DAkTara nagendranAtha vasu, purAtattvavettA DAkTara phuharra, prophesara bAraneTa, misTara karavA, DAkTara haridatta, DAkTara prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra prati anya aneka vidvAnoM kA spaSTa mantavya hai ki bhagavAna ariSTanemi eka prabhAvazAlI puruSa hae the, unheM aitihAsika puruSa mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke kAraNa vaidika granthoM meM spaSTa nAma kA nirdeza hone para bhI TIkAkAroM ne artha meM parivartana kiyA hai, ataH Aja AvazyakatA hai taTastha dRSTi se usa para cintana karane kii| jaba hama taTastha dRSTi se cintana kareMge to sUrya ke ujAle kI bhAMti spaSTa jJAta hogA ki 1 jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa-pUrva pIThikA-le050 kailAzacandrajI, pR0 170-171 2 annalsa Apha dI bhaNDArakara risarca insTITyUTa-patrikA, jilda 23, pR0 122