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________________ ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya evaM AcArAMgasUtra ___(DR. Prem Suman Jain) jaina paramparA ke anusAra tIrthakara mahAvIra kI divyadezanA janabhASA ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM huI, jo sugama aura subodha thI, jise pratyeka zrotA sugamatA se samajha sakatA thaa| divyadhvani sarvAMgINa hotI hai, usameM saba jIvoM kI jijJAsAoM ke samAdhAna kA sAmarthya hotA hai| bhagavAn ke pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama ne use sAMgopAMga grahaNa kiyA aura jIvoM ko usake sAra kA rasAsvAda kraayaa| Aja jo jaina sAhitya upalabdha hai vaha saba bhagavAn mahAvIra kI upadeza paramparA se sambaddha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pradhAna gaNadhara gautama indrabhUti the| unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko avadhAraNa karake bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrva ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyaa| cAra anuyoga jinendra bhagavAn ke vacanoM ko viSaya kI dRSTi se cAra anuyogoM meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai-1.prathamAnuyoga, 2.karaNAnuyoga, 3. dravyAnuyoga aura 4.caraNAnuyoga / samasta dvAdazAMga vANI kA sAra ina cAra anuyogoM meM hI nihita hai| prathamAnuyoga ___ prathama upadeza ko prathamAnuyoga kahA jAtA hai athavA kathAnuyoga bhI kahA jAtA hai| prathama zabda kA artha prathama zreNI na samajhakara prathama kakSA samajhanA caahiye| jisa prakAra prathama kakSA meM par3hanevAlA zizu abodha hotA hai, usako kathA-kahAniyoM, citroM ke dvArA akSara-bodha karAyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra jisako Agama kA jJAna nahIM hotA usako Agama aura adhyAtma kA jJAna kathAnuyoga ke dvArA karAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra upadezAdhikAra meM kathA-kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se Agama kA, adhyAtma kA tathA jaina siddhAnta kA parijJAna karAyA jAya vaha prathamAnuyoga hai isakA lakSaNa svAmI samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM batAyA hai-aisA samIcIna bodha (jJAna) denevAlA prathamAnuyoga hai jisameM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAroM puruSArthoM kA AkhyAna hai| tresaTha zalAkApuruSoM ke caritra kA, puNya yogya samasta sAmagrI kA kathana hai, bodhi arthAt ratnatraya aura samAdhi arthAt cAra ArAdhanAoM kA jisameM vivecana hai vaha prathamAnuyoga hai| " ___ prathamAnuyoga meM varNita aneka kalAoM, vidyAoM, yuddhoM, astra-zastroM, yuddha kI vibhISikAoM Adi kA jJAna hotA hai| mAnava kA mAnavocita AhAra-vihAra, Amoda-pramoda
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________________ tathA rahana-sahana kA parijJAna prathamAnuyoga ke adhyayana se prApta hotA hai| vyakti sAMsArika tathA pAramArthika sukha cAhatA hai to use prathamAnuyogika graMtha- jaise-purANa, caritra, nATaka campU, kathA-koSa Adi kA adhyayana karanA cAhiye isase use aihika tathA pAramArthika donoM prakAra ke sukha mila skeNge| 2-karaNAnuyoga isa anuyoga meM jIva ke pariNAmoM kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma gaNitAnuyoga bhI hai arthAt jisa anuyoga meM gaNita ke prayogoM dvArA viSaya-vastu ko samajhAyA gayA ho vaha karaNAnuyoga hai| loka aura aloka ke vibhAjana kA utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI kAla ke cha: cha: vibhAgoM ke parivartanoM kA aura cAturgati kA darpaNa ke samAna yathAvat jJAna karAnevAlA karaNAnuyoga hai| 3-dravyAnuyoga dravyAnuyoga jIvana aura ajIva-rUpa uttama tatvoM ko, puNya, pApa, baMdha, mokSa tathA dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta ko prakAzita karatA hai| dravyAnuyoga kI kasauTI para kasakara hI vastu-tatva ko samajhA jAtA hai, jisase mokSa mArga meM kahIM para bhI aTaka na ho aura mArga prazasta hotA calA jaay| 4-caraNAnuyoga caraNAnuyoga kA vaha bhAga hai jisameM gRhastha-dharma tathA munidharma kA pUrNatayA vivecana kiyA gayA ho| AcArya samantabhadra ne caraNAnuyoga kA lakSaNa batAyA hai-jisa anuyoga (zAstra vizeSa) meM ghara meM rahanevAle gRhasthoM aura gRha-tyAgiyoM, muniyoM ke caritra kI utpatti, usakI vRddhi tathA rakSA kA vivecana ho usako caraNAnuyoga kahate haiN| AcaraNa karane ko cAritra kahate haiN| yaha AcaraNa mithyA aura samyak donoM hI prakAra kA hotA hai| jaba taka jIvana ko vastu-tatva kI saccI zraddhA nahIM hotI taba taka usakA AcaraNa samyak nahIM hotA kintu jaba usako vastutatva kI saccI pratIta va saccA jJAna hotA hai taba usakA AcaraNa samyak hotA hai| " jainoM ke lie Agama jinavANI hai, Aptavacana hai, unake dharma-darzana aura sAdhanA kA AdhAra hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM jaina dharma kA digambara sampradAya upalabdha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko pramANabhUta nahIM mAnatA hai, kyoMki usakI dRSTi meM ina AgamoM meM kucha aisA prakSipta aMza hai, jo unakI mAnyatAoM ke viparIta hai| hamArI dRSTi meM cAhe vartamAna meM upalabdha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM kucha prakSipta aMza ho yA unameM kucha parivartana parivardhana bhI huA ho, phira bhI ve
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________________ jainadharma ke prAmANika dastAveja haiN| unameM aneka aitihAsika tathya upalabdha haiN| unakI pUrNataH asvIkRti kA artha apanI prAmANikatA ko hI nakAranA hai| zvetAmbara mAnya ina ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye I.pU. pA~cavIM zatI se lekara IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI arthAt lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa meM jaina saMgha ke car3hAva-utAra kI eka prAmANika kahAnI kaha dete haiN| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa vartamAna meM jo Agama grantha upalabadha haiM unheM nimna rUpa se vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai gyAraha aMga grantha-1. AyAra (AcArAMga) 2. sUyagaDa (sUtrakRtAMga), 3.ThANa(sthAnAMga), 4.samavAya (samavAyAMga), 5. viyAhapannatti (vyAkhyAprajJapti yA bhagavatI), 6. nAyAdhammakahAo (jJAtA-dharmakathA), 7. uvAsagadasAo(upAsakadazA), 8.aMtagaDadasAo(antakRdRzA), 9. anuttarovavAdayadasAo(anuttaraupapAtikadazA), 10.paNhavAgaraNAiM (praznavyAkaraNAni ), 11. vivAgasuyaM (vipAkazrutam) 12.dRSTivAda jo vincchinna huA hai| bAraha upAMga grantha-uvavAdaiya (aupapAtika) , 2. rAyapaseNaiya (rAyaprasenajita), athavA rAyapaseNiyaM (rAjapraznIya), 3. jIvAjIvAbhigama, 4.paNNavaNA (prajJApanA), 5. sUrapaNNatti(sUryapajJapti), 6. jambUddIpapaNNatti (jambUdvIpaprajJapti), 7.caMdapaNNatti, (candraprajJapti), 8-12. nirayAvaliyA suyakhaMdha (nirayAvalikAzrutaskandha), 8. nirayAvaliyAo (nirayAvalikAH), 9. kappavaDisiyAo (kalpAvarsikA), 10 puphiyAoM (puSpikA), 11. pupphacUlAo (puSpacUlA) , 12. vaNhidsAoM (vRssnnidshaa)| jahA~ taka upuryakta aMga aura upAMga granthoM kA prazna hai, zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAya inheM mAnya karate haiM jabaki digambara sampradAya inhIM gyAraha aMgasUtroM ke nAma ko svIkAra karate hue bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki ve aMgasUtra vartamAna meM vilupta ho gaye haiN| upAMgasUtroM ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM meM ekarUpatA hai kintu digambara paramparA meM bAraha upAMgoM kI na to koI mAnyatA rahI aura na ve vartamAna meM ina granthoM ke astitva ko svIkAra karate haiN| yadyapi jambUdvIpaprajJapti, dvIpasAgaraprajJapti Adi nAmoM se unake yahA~ kucha grantha avazya pAye jAte haiN| sAtha hI sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti aura jambUdvIpaprajJapti ko bhI unake dvArA dRSTivAda ke parikarma ke antargata svIkAra kiyA gayA haiM cAra mUlasUtra grantha sAmAnyatayA uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, Avazyaka aura piNDAniyukti ye cAra mUlasUtra mAne gaye haiM phira bhI mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA aura nAmoM ke sandarbha meM zvetAmbara
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________________ sampradAyoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| jahA~ taka uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika kA prazna hai inheM sabhI zvetAmbara sampradAyoM evaM AcAryoM ne eka mata se mUlasUtra mAnA hai| kintu sthAnakavAsI evaM terApanthI sampradAya Avazyaka ko mUlasUtra ke antargata nahIM mAnate haiN| ye donoM sampradAya Avazyaka evaM piNDaniyukti ke sthAna para nandI aura anuyogadvAra ko mUlasUtra mAnate haiN| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM kucha AcAryoM ne piNDaniyukti ke sAtha-sAtha oghaniyukti ko bhI mUlasUtra mAnA hai| cheha chedasUtra grantha chedasUtroM ke antargata vartamAna meM 1. AyAradazA (dazAzrutaskandha) 2. kappa (kalpa), 3. vavahAra (vyavahAra), 4. nisIha (nizItha), 5. mahAnisIha (mahAnizItha) aura 6. jIyakappa (jItakalpa) / ye chaha grantha mAne jAte haiN| inameM se mahAnizItha aura jIpakalpa ko zvetAmbaroM kI terApanthI aura sthAnakavAsI sampradAyeM mAnya nahIM karatI haiN| ve donoM mAtra cAra hI chedasUtra mAnate haiM jabaki zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya uparyukta 6 chedasUtroM ko mAnatA hai| dasa prakIrNaka granthaprakIrNaka ke antargata nimna dasa grantha mAne jAte haiM: 1.causaraNa(cutaHzaraNa) 2. AurapaccakkhANa (AturanapratyAkhyAna), 3. bhattaparinnA (bhaktaparijJA) 4. saMthAraga (saMstAraka), 5. taMDulaveyAliya (taMdulavaicArika), 6.caMdAvejjhaya (candravedhyaka), 7. devindatthaya (devendrastava), 8. gaNivijjA (gaNividyA) , 9. mahApaccakkhANa (mahApratyAkhyAna) aura 10. vIratthaya (viirstv)| zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI ina prakIrNakoM ko mAnya nahIM karate haiN| muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ne paiNNayasuttAiM, prathama bhAga kI bhUmikA meM prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita lagabhaga nimna 22 granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai inameM se adhikAMza mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI se paiNNayasuttAiM nAma se 2 bhAgoM meM prakAzita haiN| jahA~ taka digambara evaM yApanIya paramparA kA prazna hai, vaha spaSTataH ina prakIrNakoM ko mAnya nahIM karatI haiM, phira bhI mUlAcAra meM AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna se aneka gAthAyeM usake saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna aura bRhat pratyAkhyAna nAmaka grantha meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isI prakAra bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI maraNavibhakti, ArAdhanApatAkA Adi aneka prakIrNakoM kI gAthAyeM upalabdha haiN| do cUlikAsUtra grantha cUlikAsUtra ke antargata nandIsUtra aura anuyogadvAra ye grantha mAne jAte haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 11 aMga, 12 upAMga, 4 mUla, 6 cheda, 10 prakIrNaka, 2 cUlikAsUtra, ye
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________________ 45 Agama zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM mAnya haiN| sthAnavAsI va terApanthI isameM se 10 prakIrNaka, jItakalpa, mahAnizItha aura piNDaniyukti ina 13 granthoM ko kama karake 32 Agama mAnya karate haiN| isa prakAra vartamAnakAla meM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko aMga, upAMga, prakIrNaka, cheda, mUla aura cUlikAsUtra ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA jAtA hai, kintu yaha vargIkaraNa paryApta paravartI hai| 12vIM zatI se pUrva meM granthoM meM isa prakAra ke vargIkaraNa kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai| AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa kI prAcIna zailI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke vargIkaraNa kI prAcIna zailI isase bhinna rahI hai| isa prAcIna zailI kA sarvaprathama nirdeza hameM nandIsUtra evaM pAkSikasUtra (IsvI san pA~cavIM zatI) meM milatA hai| usa yuga meM AgamoM ko aMgapraviSTa va aMgabAhya, ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jAtA thaa| aMgapraviSTa ke antargata AcArAMga Adi 12 aMga grantha Ate the| zeSa grantha aMgabAhya kahe jAte the| usameM aMgabAhyoM kI eka saMjJA prakIrNaka bhI thii| digambara paramparA meM AcArya zubhacandra kRta aMgaprajJapti (aMgapaNNatti) nAmaka eka grantha milatA hai| yaha grantha dhavalATIkA ke pazcAt kA pratIta hotA hai| isameM dhavalATIkA meM varNita 12 aMgapraviSTa va 14 aMgabAhya granthoM kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| yadyapi isameM aMgabAhya granthoM kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa saMkSipta hI hai| isa grantha meM aura digambara paramparA ke anya granthoM meM aMga bAhyoM ko prakIrNaka bhI kahA gayA hai| prAkRta bhAzA meM nibaddha jo sAhitya upalabdha hai, usameM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya prAcInatama hai| yahA~ taka kI AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha aura RSibhASita to azokakAlIna prAkRta abhilekha se bhI prAcIna hai| ye donoM grantha lagabhaga I.pU. pA~cavIM-cauthI zatAbdI kI racanAe~ haiN| AcArAMga kI sUtrAtmaka aupaniSadika zailI use upaniSadoM kA nikaTavartI aura svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI siddha karatI hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI tInoM ke AdhAra para yaha sampUrNa pAli aura prAkRta sAhitya meM prAcInatama hai| AtmA ke svarUpa evaM astitva sambandhI isake vivaraNa aupaniSadika vivaraNoM ke anurUpa haiN| isameM pratipAdita mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta bhI alaukikatA aura atizayatA rahita hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha vivaraNa bhI usI vyakti dvArA kahA gayA hai, jisane svayaM unakI jIvanacaryA ko nikaTatA se dekhA aura jAnA hogaa| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM bhI sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke chaThe adhyAya, AcArAMgacUlA aura kalpasUtra meM bhI mahAvIra kI jIvanacaryA
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________________ kA ullekha hai, kintu ve bhI AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA paravartI hai, kyoMki unameM alaukikatA, atizayatA aura atiraMjanA kA praveza hotA gayA hai| sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya na to eka vyakti kI racanA hai aura na eka kAla kii| yaha satya hai ki isa sAhitya ko antima rUpa vIranirvANa saMvat 980 meM vallabhI meM sampanna huI vAcanA meM prApta huaa| kintu isa AdhAra para kucha vidvAna yaha galata niSkarSa nikAla lete haiM ki sabhI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya IsavI san kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| AgamoM meM viSayavastu, bhASA aura zailI kI jo vividhatA aura bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha spaSTatayA isa tathya kI pramANa hai ki saMkalana aura sampAdana ke samaya unakI maulikatA ko yathAvata rakhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| AgamoM kI viSayavastu ke kucha prakSipta aMza haiM, kintu prathama to aise prakSepa bahuta hI kama haiM aura dUsare unheM spaSTa rUpa se pahacAnA bhI jA sakatA hai| ataH isa AdhAra para sampUrNa ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ko paravartI mAna lenA sabase bar3I bhrAnti hogii| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM, mahArASTrI prAkRta ke prabhAva ko dekhakara unakI prAcInatA para saMdeha nahIM karanA cAhiye, apitu una granthoM ko vibhinna pratiyoM evaM niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura TIkAoM ke AdhAra para pAThoM ke prAcIna svarUpoM ko surakSita rakhane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| vastutaH ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM vibhinna kAla kI sAmagrI surakSita hai| isakI uttara sImA I. pUrva pA~cavIM-cauthI zatAbdI aura nimna sImA I. san kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI hai| vastutaH ardhamAgadhI sAhitya ke vibhinna granthoM kA yA unake kisI aMza vizeSa kA kAla nirdhArita karate samaya unameM upalabdha sAMskRtika sAmagrI, dArzanika cintana kI spaSTatA evaM gahanatA tathA bhASA-zailI Adi sabhI pakSoM para prAmANikatA ke sAtha vicAra karanA caahie| isa dRSTi se adhyayana karane para hI yaha spaSTa ho sakegA ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA kauna-sA grantha athavA usakA kauna-sA aMza vizeSa kisa kAla kI racanA hai| ___bArahaveM aMgasUtra ko dRSTivAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| zabdika artha kI dRSTi se yaha spaSTa haiM ki isa grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI evaM samakAlIna vibhinna dArzanika mata-matAntaroM (dRSTiyoM) evaM vicAroM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hogaa| dRSTivAda ke mUlataH paoNca adhikAra mAne gaye haiM-1. parikarma, 2. sUtra. 3. prathamAnuyoga (kathAe~), 4. pUrvagata aura 5. cuulikaa| yaha bhI svAbhAvika hai kI isake pUrvagata bhAga ke antargata bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzva ke dArzanika vicAroM kA saMkalana rahA hogaa|
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________________ Aja jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM hI zAkhAe~ isa Agama grantha ke lupta hone kI bAta svIkAra karatI hai phira bhI unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki isake pUrvagata vibhAga ke AdhAra para paravartI kAla meM aneka granthoM kI racanA huI hai kintu itanA nizcita hai ki yaha aMga Agama apane mUla svarUpa meM sthira nahIM raha skaa| cAhe dRSTivAda Aja apane mUla svarUpa meM anupalabdha ho kintu usake kucha aMza zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM ke mAnya granthoM meM surakSita haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke kucha adhyayana, dazAsUtraskandha, vRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha Adi Agama grantha tathA jIvasamAsa, karmaprakRti, paMcasaMgraha Adi karma sAhitya ke grantha pUrvo ke AdhAra para hI nirmita hue haiN| digambara paramparA meM bhI kaSAyapAhuDa , SaTakhaNDAgama Adi ko pUrvo se uddhRta mAnA jAtA hai| aMga AgamoM kA bahuta-sA bhAga kAlakrama meM vilupta huA hai sAtha hI vallabhI vAcanA ke pUrva saMzodhana, parivartana, parivardhana evaM vilopa bhI huA hai| ina granathoM ke pustakArUr3ha hone se pUrva jo zruta paramparA calatI rahI, vaha bhI ina granthoM ke pAThabheda Adi kA kAraNa rahI hai| AgamoM ke rUpa meM jo sAhitya nidhi hameM Aja upalabdha hai vaha bhI bhAratIya saMskRti vizeSa rUpa se jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti ke prAcIna svarUpa ko spaSTa karane meM bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| ardhamAgadhI jainAgama ke pramukha granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra haiAcArAMga (AyAraMga) isa grantha meM apane nAmAnusAra muni-AcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake do zrutaskaMdha haiN| bhASA, zailI tathA viSaya kI dRSTi se spaSTataH prathama zrutaskaMdha adhika prAcIna hai| isakI adhikAMza racanA gadyAtmaka hai, bIca-bIca meM kahIM-kahIM padya A jAte haiN| arddhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASA kA svarUpa samajhane ke lie yaha racanA bar3I mahatvapUrNa hai| isake upadhAna nAmaka navameM adhyayana meM mahAvIra kI tapasyA kA bar3A mArmika varNana pAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ ke unake lADha, vajrabhUmi aura zubhrabhUmi meM vihAra aura nAnA prakAra ke ghora upasarga sahana karane kA ullekha AyA hai| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM zramaNa ke lie bhikSA mAMgane, AhAra-pAna zuddhi, zayyA-saMstaraNa grahaNa, vihAra cAturmAsa, bhASA, vastra, pAtrAdi upakaraNa, mala-mUtra-tyAga evaM vratoM va tatsambandhI bhAvanAoM ke svarUpoM va niyamopaniyamoM kA varNana huA hai|
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________________ sUtrakRtAMga (sUyagaDa) yaha grantha bhI do zrutaskaMdhoM meM vibhakta hai, jinake punaH kamazaH 16 aura 7 adhyayana haiN| grantha meM jainadarzana ke atirikta anya matoM va vAdoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, jaise-kiyAvAda, akriyAvAda, niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jagatkartatvavAda, aadi| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha meM jIva-zarIra ke ekatva, Izvara-kartRtva va niyativAda Adi matoM kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| AhAra va bhikSA ke doSoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai| prAcIna matoM, vAdoM va dRSTiyoM kI dRSTi se yaha zrutAMga bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha vizeSa prAcIna siddha hotA hai| sthAnAMga (ThANAMga) yaha zrutAMga dasa adhyayanoM meM vibhAjita hai, aura usameM sUtroM kI saMkhyA eka hajAra se Upara hai| isakI racanA pUrvokta do zrutAMgoM se bhinna prakAra kI hai| yahAM pratyeka adhyayana meM jaina siddhAntAnusAra vastu-saMkhyA ginAI gaI hai- jaise uttamapuruSa bhI tIna prakAra haiMdharmapuruSa, bhogapuruSa aura krmpuruss| arhanta dharmapuruSa haiM, cakavartI bhogapuruSa haiM aura vAsudeva krmpuruss| samavAyAMga isa zrutAMga meM 275 sUtra haiN| sthAnAMga ke anusAra yahAM bhI saMkhyA ke kama se vastuoM kA nirdeza aura kahIM-kahIM unake svarUpa va bhedopabhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 211veM se 227veM sUtra taka AyArAMga Adi bArahoM aMgoM ke vibhAjana aura viSaya kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| yahAM ina racanAoM ko dvAdazAMga gaNipiTaka kahA gayA hai| isake pazcAt jIvarAzi kA vivaraNa karate hue isameM svarga aura naraka bhUmiyoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| bhagavatI vyAkhyAprajJapti (viyAha-paNNanti) ise saMkSepa meM kevala bhagavatI nAma se bhI ullikhita kiyA jAtA hai| isa samasta racanA kA sUtra-kama se bhI vibhAjana pAyA jAtA hai, jisake anusAra kula sUtroM kI saMkhyA 867 hai| isa prakAra yaha anya zrutAMgoM kI apekSA bahuta vizAla hai| isakI varNana zailI praznottara rUpa meM hai| gautama gaNadhara jijJAsA-bhAva se prazna karate haiM, aura svayaM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra uttara dete haiN| jJAtRdharmakathA (nAyAdhammakahAo) yaha Agama do zrutaskaMdhoM meM vibhAjita hai| adhyayanoM meM bhinna-bhinna kathAnaka tathA unake dvArA tapa , tyAga va saMyama saMbaMdhI kisI nIti va nyAya kI sthApanA kI gaI hai|
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________________ upAsakAdhyayana (upAsagadasAo) isa zrutAMga meM jaisA nAma meM hI sUcita kiyA gayA hai, dasa adhyayana haiM aura unameM kramazaH Ananda, kAmadeva, culanIpriya, surAdeva , cullazataka, kuMchakoliya, saddAlaputra, mahAzataka, naMdinIpriya aura sAlihIpriya ina dasa upAsakoM ko apane dharma ke paripAlana meM kaise-kaise vighnoM aura pralobhanoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai, unakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai|| antakRdadazA (aMtagaDadasAo) isa zrutAMga meM ATha varga haiM, inameM aise mahApuruSoM ke kathAnaka upasthita kiye gaye haiM, jinhoMne ghora tapasyA kara anta meM nirvANa prApta kiyA aura isI ke kAraNa ve antakRta khlaaye| anuttaropapAdikadazA (aNuttarovAiya dasAo) isa zrutAMga meM kucha aise mahApuruSoM kA caritra varNita hai, jinhoMne apanI dharma-sAdhanA ke dvArA maraNakara una anuttara svarga vimAnoM meM janma liyA jahAM se punaH kevala eka bAra hI manuSya yoni meM Ane se mokSa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| praznavyAkaraNa (paNha-vAgaraNa) yaha zrutAMga do khaMDoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama khaMDa meM pAMca Astrava dvAroM kA varNana hai, aura dUsare meM pAMca saMvara dvAroM kaa| pAMca Asrava dvAroM meM hiMsAdi-pAMca pApoM kA vivecana hai aura saMvaradvAroM meM unhIM ke niSedha rUpa ahiMsAdi vratoM kaa| isa prakAra isameM ukta pAMca vratoM kA suvyavasthita varNana pAyA jAtA hai| vipAkasUtra (vivAgasuyaM) isa zrutAMga meM do zrutaskaMdha haiM, pahalA duHkha vipAka viSayaka aura dUsarA sukha-vipAka vissyk| prathama zruta-skaMdha dUsare kI apekSA bahuta bar3A hai| pratyeka meM dasa-dasa adhyayana haiM, jinameM kamazaH jIva ke karmAnusAra duHkha aura sukha rUpa karmaphaloM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| nAnA vyAdhiyoM ke auSadhi upacAra kA vivaraNa bhI milatA hai| hameM prAcIna kAla kI nAnA sAmAjika vidhiyoM, mAnyatAoM evaM andhavizvAsoM kA acchA paricaya isa grantha meM prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra sAmAjika adhyayana ke liye yaha zrutAMga mahatvapUrNa hai| dRSTivAda (diTThavAda) ___ yaha zrutAMga aba nahIM miltaa| samavAyAMga ke anusAra isake pAMca vibhAga the-parikarma, sUtra, pUrvagata, anuyoga aura cuulikaa| pratIta hotA hai ki parikarma ke antargata lipi-vijJAna aura gaNita kA vivaraNa thaa| dRSTivAda kA pUrvagata vibhAga sabase adhika vizAla aura
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________________ mahatvapUrNa rahA hai| anuyoga nAmaka dRSTivAda ke caturthabheda ke mUlaprathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga- ye do bheda batalAye gaye haiN| prathama meM arahantoM ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirvANa saMbaMdhI itivRtta samAviSTa kiyA gayA thA, aura dUsare meM kulakara, cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva Adi anya mahApuruSoM ke caritra kaa| isa prakAra anuyoga ko prAcIna jaina purANa kahA jA sakatA hai| AgamoM kA TIkA sAhitya Agama granthoM se sambaddha aneka uttarakAlIna racanAeM haiM, jinakA uddezya AgamoM ke viSaya ko saMkSepa yA vistAra se samajhAnA hai| aisI racanAeM cAra prakAra kI haiM, jo niyukti (Nijjajutti), bhASya (bhAsa), cUrNi (cuNNi) aura TIkA kahalAtI haiN| ye racanAeM bhI Agama kA aMga mAnI jAtI haiM, aura unake sahita yaha sAhitya paMcAMgI Agama kahalAtA hai inameM niyuktiyAM apanI bhASA, zailI va viSaya kI dRSTi se sarvaprAcIna haiN| ye prAkRta padyoM meM likhI gaI haiM aura saMkSepa meM viSaya ko pratipAdita karatI haiN| inameM prasaMgAnusAra vividha kathAoM va dRSTAntoM ke saMketa milate haiM, jinakA vistAra hameM TIkAoM meM prApta hotA hai| bhASya bhI prAkRta gAthAoM meM racita saMkSipta prakaraNa haiN| ye apanI zailI meM niyuktiyoM se itane milate haiM ki bahudhA ina donoM kA paraspara mizraNa ho gayA hai, jisakA pRthakkaraNa asaMbhava-sA pratIta hotA hai| cUNiyAM bhASA va racanA zailI kI dRSTi se apanI vizeSatA rakhatI haiN| ve gadya meM likhI gaI haiM aura bhASA yadyapi prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita hai, phira bhI inameM prAkRta kI pradhAnatA hai| TIkAeM apane nAmAnusAra granthoM ko samajhane-samajhAne ke liye vizeSa upayogI haiN| ye saMskRta meM vistAra se likhI gaI haiM, kintu kahIM-kahIM aura vizeSataH kathAoM meM prAkRta kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki jo kathAeM prAkRta meM pracalita thIM, unheM yahAM jaise kA taisA uddhRta kara diyA hai|