Ardhamagadhi Agam Sahitya me Samadhi Maran ki Avdharna

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Sagar_Jain_Vidya_Bharti_Part_1_001684.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229115/1

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ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA -pro. sAbaramala jaina ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA kA ati vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai| paurvAtya evaM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya ke granthoM kA jo kAlakrama nirdhArita kiyA hai, usake AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita AgamoM ko hama nimna krama meM rakha sakate haiN| ati prAcIna stara ke Agama granthoM meM AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana ye do aise grantha haiM jinameM samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskaMdha kA 'vimokSa nAmaka aSTama adhyayana vistAra se samAdhimaraNa ke tIna prakAroM-- bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMginimaraNa evaM prAyopagamana kI vistRta carcA karatA hai| isI prakAra uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA paMcama "akAma-maraNIya" adhyayana bhI akAmamaraNa aura sakAma maraNa (samAdhimaraNa) kI carcA se sambandhita hai| isake sAtha hI kiMcita paravartI mAne gaye uttarAdhyayana ke 36veM adhyayana meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kI vistRta carcA hai| isameM samayAvadhi kI dRSTi se utkRSTa, madhyama evaM jaghanya aise tIna prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kA ullekha hai| prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM dazavakAlika kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isake AThaveM 'AcAra-praNidhI nAmaka adhyayana meM samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva kI sAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai| isameM kaSAyoM ko alpa karane yA una para vijaya prApta karane kA nirdeza hai| isake atirikta kAlakrama kI dRSTi se kiMcita paravartI mAne gaye ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM tRtIya aMga Agama sthAnAMgasUtra ke dvitIya adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM maraNa ke vividha prakAroM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM samAdhimaraNa ke vividha spoM ke ullekha upalabdha hote hai| caturtha aMga Agama samavAyAMga meM maraNa ke satraha bhedoM kI carcA hai| jJAtavya hai ki nAma evaM krama ke kucha aMtaroM ko chor3akara maraNa ke ina satraha bhedoM kI carcA bhagavatIArAdhanA meM bhI milatI hai| isameM bAlamaraNa, bAla-paNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, bhakta-pratyAkhyAna, iMginimaraNa, prAyopagamana Adi kI carcA hai| isI prakAra pAcaveM aMga-Agama bhagavatIsUtra meM ambaDa saMnyAsI evaM usake ziSyoM ke dvArA gaMgA kI bAlU para adatta jala kA sevana nahIM karate hue samAdhimaraNa karane kA ullekha pAyA jAtA haiN| sAtaveM aMga upAsakadazAsUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 10 gRhastha upAsakoM ke dvArA liye gae samAdhimaraNa aura usameM upasthita vighnoM kI vistRta carcA milatI hai| AThaveM aMga Agama antagar3adazA evaM naveM aMga Agama anuttaropapAtika dazA meM bhI aneka zramaNoM evaM zramaNiyoM ke dvArA lie gaye samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| antakRdazA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM samAdhimaraNa lene vAloM kI samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva kI zArIrika sthiti kaisI ho gaI thI, isakA sundara vivaraNa upalabdha hai|

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81 ardhaHraat aaesAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa upAMga- sAhitya meM mAtra aupapAtikasUtra aura rAyapasenIya meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane vAle kucha sAdhakoM kA ullekha hai, kintu inameM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ke sambandha meM koI vivecana upalabdha nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM jo svatantra grantha upalabdha hote haiM, unheM ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM prakIrNaka varga ke arntagata rakhA gayA hai| prakIrNakoM meM AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka, ArAdhanA-patAkA, maraNavibhakti, maraNasamAdhi evaM maraNavizuddhi pramukha haiN| vartamAna meM jo maraNavibhakti ke nAma se prakIrNaka upalabdha ho rahA hai usameM maraNavibhakti ke atirikta maraNavizuddhi, maraNasamAdhi, saMlekhanAsUtra, bhaktaparijJA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, ArAdhanA prakIrNaka ina ATha granthoM ko samAhita kara liyA gayA hai / yadyapi bhaktaparikSA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, saMlekhanA zruta, saMstAraka, ArAdhanApatAkA Adi grantha svatantra rUpa se bhI upalabdha haiN| isake atirikta tandulavaicArika nAmaka prakIrNaka ke anta meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kA vistRta vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa kA vistRta vivaraNa evaM upadeza dene vAle saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke paravartI AcAryoM ke aneka grantha haiM, kintu prastuta vivecana meM hama apane ko mAtra ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya taka hI sImita rkheNge| zaurasenI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karane vAle Agama tulya jo grantha haiM, unameM mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA nAmaka yApanIya paramparA ke do grantha prasiddha haiN| isameM mUlAcAra samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa prastuta karane ke sAtha hI muni AcAra ke anya pakSoM para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| yadyapi isake saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna evaM bRhat pratyAkhyAna nAmaka adhyAyoM meM AturamahApratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNakoM kI zatAdhika gAthAe~ yathAvata apane zaurasenI rUpAntara meM milatI haiN| isI prakAra isameM Avazyaka niyukti kI bhI zatAdhika gAthAe~ Avazyaka niyukti ke nAma se hI milatI haiN| jahA~ taka bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA prazna hai usameM bhI ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya kI vizeSa rUpa se samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita prakIrNakoM kI zatAdhika gAthAe~ upalabdha hotI haiN| jJAtavya hai ki bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA mUla pratipAdya samAdhimaraNa hai aura yaha grantha aneka dRSTiyoM se maraNasamAdhi, aparanAma maraNavibhakti aura ArAdhanA patAkA se tulanIya hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki ArAdhanApatAkA nAmaka grantha zvetAmbara AcArya vIrabhadra ke dvArA bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA anukaraNa karake likhA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha abhI zodha kA viSaya hai| isameM bhaktaparijJA, piNDaniryukti aura Avazyaka niyukti kI bhI saikar3oM gAthAe~ udhRta kI gayI haiN| isameM kula 1110 gAthAe~ haiM / isa prakAra maraNavibhakti aura saMstAraka meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane vAloM ke jo viziSTa ullekha upalabdha hote haiM ve hI ullekha bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI bahuta kucha samAna rUpa se milate hai / Aja maraNavibhakti Adi prakIrNakoM kA bhagavatI ArAdhanA se tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta hI apekSita hai kyoMki yaha grantha yApanIya paramparA meM nirmita huA hai aura yApanIya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ko mAnya karate the| ataH donoM paramparAoM meM kAphI kucha AdAna-pradAna huA hai| isI prakAra yApanIya paramparA ke grantha bRhat kathAkoza meM bhI maraNavibhakti bhaktaparijJA, saMstAraka Adi kI

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 87 aneka kathAeM saMkalita hai| merI dRSTi meM bRhat-kathAkoza kI kathAoM kA mUla srota cAhe ye prarkINaka grantha rahe hoM, kintu granthakAra ne bhagaktIArAdhanA kI kathAoM kA anukaraNa karake hI yaha grantha likhA hai, vaha prakIrNakoM se paricita nahIM rahA hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai ki donoM paramparAoM ke samAdhimaraNa sambandhI ina granthoM evaM unakI kathAoM kA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jaay| yadyapi maiM isa Alekha meM isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko prastuta karanA cAhatA thA, kintu samaya sImA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vartamAna meM yaha sambhava nahIM ho sakA hai| samAdhimaraNa kI yaha avadhAraNA ati prAcIna hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI zramaNa aura brAhmaNa-- ina donoM paramparAoM meM isake ullekha milate haiM, jisakI vistRta carcA hamane 'samAdhimaraNa (mRtyuvaraNa) : eka tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' nAmaka lekha meM, jo sambodhi, varSa (1977-78) aMka 6 naM. 3-4 meM pR. 39-49 para prakAzita hai, kI hai| vastutaH yahA~ hamArA vivecya mAtra ardhamAgadhI Agama hai| inameM AcArAMga prAcIna evaM prathama aMga Agama hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra samatva yA vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA hI dharma kA mUlabhUta prayojana hai| AcArAMgakAra kI dRSTi meM samatva yA vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka tattva mamatva hai aura isa mamatva kA ghanIbhUta kendra vyakti kA apanA zarIra hotA hai| ataH AcArAMgakAra nirmamatva kI sAdhanA hetu deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai| samAdhimaraNa deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA kA hI prayAsa hai| yaha na to AtmahatyA hai aura na to jIvana se bhAgane kA prytn| apitu jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka de rahI aparihArya banI mRtyu kA svAgata hai| vaha deha ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM kA tyAga karake dehAtIta hokara jIne kI eka kalA hai| AcArAMgasUtra aura samAdhimaraNa ___ AcArAMgasUtra meM jina paristhitayoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI anuzaMsA kI gayI hai ve vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya haiN| sarvaprathama to AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha usake prathama zrutaskandha ke vimokSa nAmaka aSTam adhyayana meM huA hai| yaha adhyayana vizeSa rUpa se zarIra, AhAra, vastra Adi ke prati nirmamatva evaM unake visarjana kI carcA karatA hai| isameM vastra evaM AhAra ke visarjana kI prakriyA ko samajhAte hue hI anta meM deha-visarjana kI sAdhanA kA ullekha huA hai| AcArAMgasUtra samAdhimaraNa kina sthitiyoM meM liyA jA sakatA hai isakI saMkSipta kintu mahattvapUrNa vivecanA prastuta karatA hai| isameM samAdhimaraNa svIkAra karane kI tIna sthitiyoM kA 1. jaba zarIra itanA azakta va glAna ho gayA ho ki vyakti saMyama ke niyamoM kA pAlana karane meM asamartha ho aura muni ke AcAra niyamoM ko bhaMga karake hI jIvana bacAnA sambhava ho, to aisI sthiti meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki AcAra niyamoM ke ullaMghana kI apekSA deha kA visarjana hI naitika hai| AcAra maryAdA kA ullaMghana karake jIvana kA rakSaNa vareNya nahIM hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaba sAdhaka yaha jAne ki vaha nirbala aura maraNAntika roga se AkrAnta ho gayA hai aura

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83 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa niyama yA maryAdA pUrvaka AhAra Adi prApta karane meM asamartha hai, to vaha AhArAdi kA parityAga kara zarIra ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM ko banda kara de| isase deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA pUrNa hotI hai| 2. jaba vyakti ko lage ki apanI vRddhAvasthA athavA asAdhya roga ke kAraNa usakA jIvana pUrNataH dUsaroM para nirbhara ho gayA hai aura vaha saMgha ke lie bhAra svarUpa bana gayA hai tathA apanI sAdhanA karane meM bhI asamartha ho gayA hai to aisI sthiti meM vaha AhArAdi kA tyAga karake deha ke prati nirmamatva kI sAdhanA karate hue deha kA visarjana kara sakatA hai| 3. isI prakAra sAdhaka ko jaba yaha lage ki sadAcAra yA brahmacarya kA khaNDana kie banA jIvana jInA sambhava nahIM hai arthAt caritra-nAza aura jIvita rahane meM eka hI vikalpa saMbhava hai to vaha tatkAla bhI zvAsa nirodha Adi karake apanA dehapAta kara sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ mUla pATha meM zIta-sparza hai, jisakA TIkAkAroM ne brahmacarya ke bhaMga kA aksara aisA artha kiyA hai, kintu mUla-pATha aura pUrvaprasaMga ko dekhate isakA yaha artha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jisa muni ne acelatA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai vaha zIta sahana na kara pAne kI sthiti meM cAhe deha tyAga kara de, kintu niyama bhaMga nahIM kre| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMgakAra na to jIvana ko asvIkAra hI karatA aura na vaha jIvana se bhAgane kI bAta kahatA hai| vaha to mAtra yaha pratipAdita karatA hai ki jaba mRtyu jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka de rahI ho aura AcAra - niyama arthAt lI gaI pratijJA bhaMga kie binA jIvana jInA sambhava nahIM hai, to aisI sthiti meM mRtyu kA varaNa karanA hI ucita hai| isI prakAra dUsaroM para bhAra banakara jInA athavA jaba zarIra vyaktigata sAdhanA athavA samAja sevA donoM ke lie sArthaka nahIM raha gayA ho, aisI sthiti meM bhI yenakena prakAreNa zarIra ko bacAne ke prayatna kI apekSA mRtyu kA varaNa hI ucita hai| jaba sAdhaka ko yaha lage ki sadAcAra aura muni AcAra ke niyamoM kA bhaMga karake AhAra evaM auSadhi ke dvArA tathA zItanivAraNa ke lie vastra athavA agni Adi ke upayoga dvArA hI zarIra ko bacAyA jA sakatA hai athavA brahmacarya ko bhaMga karake hI jIvita rahA jA sakatA hai to usake lie mRtyu kA varaNa hI ucita hai| AcArAMgakAra ne naitika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura jIvana ke saMrakSaNa meM upasthita vikalpa kI sthiti meM mRtyu ke varaNa ko hI vareNya mAnA hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha spaSTa nirdeza detA hai ki aisA vyakti mRtyu kA varaNa kara le| yaha usake lie kAlamRtyu hI hai kyoMki isake dvArA vaha saMsAra kA anta karane vAlA hotA hai| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki yaha maraNa vimoha Ayatana, hitakara, sukhakara kAlocita, niHzreyaskara aura bhaviSya ke lie kalyANakArI hotA hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM samAdhi maraNa ke tIna rUpoM kA ullekha huA bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMganimaraNa, prAyopagamana / usameM samAdhimaraNa ke lie do tathya Avazyaka mAne gae haiM kaSAyoM kA kRzIkaraNa aura dUsarA zarIra kA kRzIkaraNa / isameM bhI mukhya uddezya to kaSAyoM kA kRzIkaraNa hai| bhakta parijJA meM prathama to muni ke lie kalpa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura usake anta meM ----

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 84 yaha batAyA gayA hai ki akalpa kA sevana karane kI apekSA zarIra kA visarjana kara denA hI ucita hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jaba bhikSu ko yaha anubhava ho ki merA zarIra aba itanA durbala athavA roga se akrAnta ho gayA hai ki gRhasthoM ke ghara bhikSA hetu paribhramaNa karanA mere lie sambhava nahIM hai, sAtha hI mujhe gRhastha ke dvArA mere sammukha lAyA gayA AhAra Adi grahaNa karanA yogya nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM ekAkI sAdhanA karane vAle jinakalpI muni ke lie AhAra kA tyAga karake saMthArA grahaNa karane kA vidhAna hai| yadyapi AcArAMga ke anusAra saMghastha muni bImArI athavA vRddhAvasthA janya zArIrika durbalatA kI sthiti meM AhArAdi se eka dUsare kA upakAra arthAt sevA kara sakate haiM, kintu isa sambandha meM bhI usameM cAra vikalpoM kA ullekha huA hai-- ___ 1. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM [sAdharmika bhikSuoM ke lie] AhAra Adi lAUMgA aura [ unake jharA] lAyA huA svIkAra bhI krgaa| athavA 2. koI yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM [ dUsaroM ke lie] AhAra Adi nahIM lAUgA, kintu [ unake dvArA ] lAyA huA svIkAra kruuNgaa| athavA 3. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM dUsaroM ke lie AhAra Adi lAUMgA kintu unake dvArA lAyA svIkAra nahIM kruuNgaa| athavA 4. koI bhikSu yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM na to (dUsaroM ke lie ) AhAra Adi lAU~gA aura na ( unake dvArA) lAyA huA svIkAra kruuNgaa| uparokta cAra vikalpoM meM se jo bhikSu prathama do vikalpa svIkAra karatA hai, vaha AhArAdi ke lie saMghasya muniyoM kI sevA le sakatA hai, kintu jo aMtima do vikalpa svIkAra karatA hai, usake lie AhArAdi ke liye dUsaroM kI sevA lene meM pratijJA bhaMga kA doSa AtA hai| aisI sthiti AcArAMgakAra kA mantavya yahI hai ki pratijJA bhaMga nahIM karanA cAhiye bhale hI bhaktapratyAkhyAna kara deha tyAga karanA pdd'e| AcArAMgakAra ke anusAra aisI sthiti meM jaba bhikSa ko yaha saMkalpa utpanna ho ki --- maiM isa samaya saMyama sAdhanA ke lie isa zarIra ko vahana karane meM glAna ( asamartha) ho rahA hU~, taba vaha kramazaH AhAra kA saMvartana ( saMkSepa) kre| AhAra kA saMkSepa kara kaSAyoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) ko kRza kreN| kaSAyoM ko kRza kara samAdhipUrNa bhAva vAlA zarIra aura kaSAya donoM ora se kRza banA huA vaha bhikSu phala kA vasthita ho samAdhi maraNa ke lie utthita ( prayatnazIla) hokara zarIra kA utsarga kre| saMthArA grahaNa karane kA nizcaya kara lene ke pazcAt vaha kisa prakAra samAdhimaraNa grahaNa

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85 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa kare isakA ullekha karate hue AcArAMgakAra kahatA hai ki aisA bhikSu grAma, nagara, karvaTa, Azrama Adi meM jAkara ghAsa kI yAcanA kare aura use prApta kara gAMva ke bAhara ekAMta meM jAkara jIva-jantu, bIja, harita Adi se rahita sthAna ko dekhakara ghAsa kA bistara taiyAra kare aura usa para sthita hokara itvarika anazana athavA prAyopagamana svIkAra kre| jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMgakAra bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMginimaraNa aura prAyopagamana aise tIna prakAra ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha karatA hai| isameM bhakta pratyAkhyAna meM mAtra AhArAdi kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, kintu zArIrika halana-calana aura gamanAgamana kI koI maryAdA nizcita nahIM kI jAtI hai| iMgitamaraNa meM AhAra tyAga ke sAtha hI sAtha zArIrika halana-calana aura gamanAgamana kA eka kSetra nizcita kara liyA jAtA hai aura usake bAhara gamanAgamana kA tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai| prAyopagamana yA pAdopagamana meM AhAra Adi ke tyAga ke sAtha-sAtha zArIrika kriyAoM kA nirodha karate hue mRtyuparyanta nizcala rUpa se lakar3I ke takhte ke samAna sthira par3e rahanA par3atA hai| isIlie AcArAMgakAra ne prAyopagamana saMthAre ke pratyAkhyAna meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha likhA hai ki kAya, yoga evaM IryA kA pratyAkhyAna kre| vastutaH yaha tInoM saMthAre kI kramika avasthAe~ haiN| AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa krama se nirmamatva kI sthiti ko prApta dhairyavAna, AtmanigrahI aura gatimAna sAdhaka advitIya isa samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA hetu tatpara ho / ve dharma ke pAragAmI jJAna pUrvaka anukrama se donoM hI prakAra ke Arambha kA (hiMsA kA) parityAga kara deN| ve kapAyoM ko kuza karate hue AhAra kI mAtrA ko bhI alpa kareM aura pariSahoM ko sahana kareM aura isa prakAra karate hue jaba ati glAna ho jAya to AhAra kA bhI tyAga kara deN| aisI sthiti meM na to jIvana kI AkAMkSA rakheM aura na maraNa kI, apita jIvana evaM maraNa donoM meM hI Asakta na ho| ve nirjarApekSI madhyastha samAdhi bhAva kA anupAlana kare tathA rAga-dveSa Adi Antarika parigraha tathA zarIra Adi bAhya parigraha kA tyAga kara zuddha adhyAtma kA anveSaNa kre| __yadi unheM apane sAdhanAkAla meM kisI bhI rUpa meM AyuSya ke vinAza kA koI kAraNa jAna par3e to vaha zIghra hI samAdhi maraNa kA prayatna kreN| grAma athavA araNya meM jahA~ harita evaM prANiyoM Adi kA abhAva (alpatA ) ho, usa sthaNDila bhUmi para tRNa kA bichaunA taiyAra kare aura vahA~ nirAhAra hokara zAnta bhAva se leTa jaay| manuSya kRta athavA anya kisI prakAra ke parISaha se AkrAnta hone para bhI maryAdA kA ullaghaMna na kare tathA parISahoM ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kre| AkAza meM vicaraNa karane vAle pakSI evaM reMgane vAle prANI yadi usake zarIra kA mAMsa noceM, rakta pIye to bhI na unheM mAre aura na unakA nivAraNa kareM aura na usa sthAna se uThakara anyatra jAya, apitu yaha vicAra kare ki ye prANI mere zarIra kA hI nAza kara rahe haiM, mere jJAnAdi guNoM kA nhiiN| vaha AzravoM se rahita evaM Atma tuSTa ho usa pIr3A ko samabhAva se sahana kre| granthiyoM arthAt antara-bAhya parigraha se rahita mRtyu ke avasara ke pAraMgata bhikSu ke

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina isa samAdhimaraNa ko saMyamI jIvana ke lie adhika zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAna ke atirikta samAdhimaraNa kA eka rUpa iMginimaraNa batAyA hai| isameM sAdhaka dUsaroM se sevA lene kA trividha rUpa se parityAga kara detA hai, aisA bhikSu hariyAlI para nahIM soe apitu jIvoM se rahita sthaNDila bhUmi para hI soe| vaha anAhAra bhikSu deha Adi ke prati mamatva kA visarjana karake parISahoM se AkrAnta hone para unheM samabhAva se sahana kare / indriyoM ke glAna ho jAne para vaha muni samitipUrvaka hI apane hAtha-paira Adi kA saMkoca - vistAra kare, kyoMki jo acala evaM samabhAva se yukta hotA hai vahI nindita nahIM hotA / vaha jaba leTe-leTe yA baiThe-baiThe thaka jAya to zarIra ke saMdhAraNa ke lie thor3A gamanAgamana kare yA hAtha1- pairoM ko hilAe~, kintu yadi sambhava ho to acetanavat nizceSTa ho jaaye| isa advitIya maraNa para AsIna vyakti una kASTha-stambhoM yA phalaka Adi kA sahArA na le, jo dImaka Adi se yukta ho athavA varjita ho| jo sAdhaka iMginimaraNa se bhI uccatara prAyopagamana yA pAdopagamana saMthAre ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha sabhI aMgoM kA nirodha karake apane sthAna se calita nahIM hotA hai-- yaha prAyopagamana, bhakta pratyAkhyAna aura iMginimaraNa kI apekSA uttama sthAna hai| aisA bhikSu jIva-jantu se rahita bhUmi ko dekhakara vahA~ nizceSTa hokara rahe aura vahA~ apane zarIra ko sthApita kara yaha vicAra kare ki jaba zarIra hI merA nahIM hai to phira mujhe parISaha yA pIr3A kaisI? vaha saMsAra ke sabhI bhogoM ko nazvara jAnakara unameM Asakta na ho| devoM dvArA nimaMtrita hone para vaha deva mAyA para zraddhA na kre| sabhI bhogoM meM amUrcchita hokara mRtyu ke avasara kA pAragAmI vaha titikSA ko hI parama hitakara jAnakara nirmamatvabhAva ko hI anyatama sAdhya mAne / 86 uttarAdhyayana aura samAdhimaraNa isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa ke prakAra usakI prakriyA tathA use kina sthitiyoM meM grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, isakI vistRta carcA hai| AcArAMga ke pazcAt prAcIna stara ke ardhamAgadhI Agama uttarAdhyayana meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa usake 5veM evaM 36veM adhyAya meM upalabdha hotA hai| usake pA~caveM adhyAya meM sarvaprathama mRtyu ke do rUpoM kI carcA hai 1. akAma maraNa aura 2. skaammrnn| usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki akAmamaraNa bAra-bAra hotA hai jabaki sakAmamaraNa eka hI bAra hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ akAmamaraNa kA tAtparyaM kAmanA se rahita maraNa na hokara Atma puruSArtha se rahite niruddezya yA niSprayojana pUrvaka maraNa se hai| isI prakAra sakAmamaraNa kA tAtparya puruSArtha yA sAdhanA se yukta soddezyamaraNa yA mukti ke prayojana pUrvaka maraNa se hai| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra akAmamaraNa karane vAlA vyakti saMsAra meM Asakta hokara AnAcAra kA sevana karatA hai aura kAma-bhogoM ke pIche bhAgatA hai, aisA vyakti mRtyu ke samaya bhaya se saMtrasta hotA hai aura hArane vAle dhUrta juArI kI taraha zoka karatA akAmamaraNa ko arthAt nizprayojana maraNa ko prApta hotA hai, jabaki sakAmamaraNa paNDitoM ko prApta hotA hai| saMyata jitendriya puNyAtmAoM ko hI / ati prasanna arthAt nirAkula evaM AghAta rahita yaha maraNa prApta hotA hai| aisA maraNa na to sabhI bhikSuoM ko milatA hai, na sabhI gRhasthoM ko / jo bhikSu hiMsA Adi se nivRtta hokara saMyama kA abhyAsa karatA hai, unheM hI aisA --

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87 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa sakAmamaraNa prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana yaha spaSTa nirdeza detA hai ki medhAvI sAdhaka bAlamaraNa va paNDitamaraNa kI tulanA karake sakAma maraNa ko svIkAra kare aura maraNa kAla meM kSamA aura dayA dharma se yukta ho, tathAbhUta AtmabhAva meM maraNa kre| jaba maraNa kAla upasthita ho to jisa zraddhA se pravrajyA svIkAra kI thI, usI zraddhA va zAnta bhAva se zarIra ke bheda arthAt dehapAta kI pratikSA kre| mRtyu kA samaya Ane para tIna prakAra ke eka se eka zreSTha samAdhimaraNoM se zarIra kA parityAga kre| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana ke isa paMcama adhyAya meM bhI unhIM tInoM prakAra ke samAdhimaraNoM kA ullekha hai jisakI carcA hama AcArAMga ke sambandha meM kara cuke haiN| phira bhI jJAtavya hai ki uttarAdhyayana kA yaha vivaraNa samAdhimaraNa ke hetu preraNA pradAna karane kI hI dRSTi se hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha mAtra upadezAtmaka vivaraNa hai| isameM kina paristhitiyoM meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyA jAya isakI carcA nahIM hai| mAtra yatra-tatra samAdhimaraNa ke kucha saMketa hI haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM samAdhi maraNa yA saMlekhanA ke kAla Adi ke sambandha meM aura usakI prakriyA ke sambandha meM jo ullekha hai vaha usake 36veM adhyAya meM isa prakAra se varNita hai -- aneka varSoM taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana karake muni isa anukrama se AtmA kI saMlekhanA -- vikAroM ko kSINa kreN| utkRSTa saMlekhanA bAraha varSa kI hotI hai| madhyama eka varSa kI aura jaghanya chaha mAsa kI hai| prathama cAra varSoM meM dugdha Adi vikRtiyoM kA nirvRhaNa -- tyAga kareM, dUsare cAra varSoM meM vividha prakAra kA tapa kareM, phira do varSoM taka ekAntara tapa (eka dina upavAsa aura phira eka dina bhojana ) kreN| bhojana ke dina AcAmla kreN| usake bAda gyArahaveM varSa meM pahale chaha mahinoM taka koI bhI ativikRSTa (telA, caulA Adi) tapa na kreN| usake bAda chaha mahIne taka vikRSTa tapa kre| isa pUre varSa meM parimita (pAraNo ke dina) AcAmla kre| bArahaveM varSa meM eka varSa taka koTi sahita arthAta nirantara, AcAmla karake phira mani pakSa yA eka mAsa kA AhAra se tapa arthAt anazana kre| kAdI, abhiyogI, kilbiSikI, mohI aura AsurI bhAvanAe~ durgati dene vAlI haiN| ye mRtyu ke samaya meM saMyama kI virAdhanA karatI haiN| jo marate samaya mithyA-darzana meM anurakta haiM, nidAna se yukta haiM aura hiMsaka hai, unheM bodhi bahuta durlabha hai| jo samyag darzana meM anurakta haiM, nidAna se rahita hai, zukla lezyA meM avagAr3ha- praviSTa haiM, unheM bodhi sulabha hai| jo jina vacana meM anurakta hai, jina vacanoM kA bhAva pUrvaka AcaraNa karate haiM, ve nirmala aura rAgAdi se asaMkliSTa hokara parIta saMsArI (parimita saMsAra vAle) hote hai| anya aMgaAgama aura samAdhimaraNa AcArAMga va uttarAdhyayana ke pazcAt ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita mAtra kucha saMketa haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra (214) meM do-do ke vargoM meM vibhAjita karate hue zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA anumodita aura ananumodita maraNoM kA ullekha

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 88 hai| mahAvIra ne zramaNa nirganthoM ke lie do prakAra maraNa kabhI bhI varNita, kIrtita, ukta, prazaMsita aura ananumodita nahIM kiye haiM -- valanmaraNa aura vazArtamaraNa / isI prakAra nidAnamaraNa aura tadbhavamaraNa, giripatana aura taspatanamaraNa, jala-pravezamaraNa aura agnipravezamaraNa, viSabhakSaNamaraNa aura zAstrAvapAtana maraNa / ye do-do prakAra ke maraNa zramaNa nirganthoM ke lie zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kabhI bhI varNita, kIrtita, ukta, prazaMsita aura anumodita nahIM kiye haiN| kintu kAraNa-vizeSa hone para vaihAyasa (vaikhAnasa) aura giddhaSTTha ye do maraNa anumodita haiN| zramaNa mahAvIra ne zramaNa nirganthoM ke lie do prakAra ke maraNa sadA varNita, kIrtita, ukta, prazaMsita aura anumodita kiye haiM -- prAyopagamanamaraNa aura bhakta prtyaakhyaanmrnn| prAyoyagamanamaraNa do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai -- nirhArima aura anirjhrim| prAyopagamana maraNa niyamataH apratikarma hotA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai-- nirjharima aura anihArima / bhakta pratyAkhyAnamaraNa niyamataH sapratikarma hotA hai| samavAyAMga (samavAya 17) meM maraNa ke nimna satraha prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai -- 1. AvIcimaraNa, 2. avadhimaraNa, 3. AtyAntikamaraNa, 4. valanmaraNa, 5. vazArtamaraNa, 6. antaH zalyamaraNa, 7. tadbhava maraNa, 8. bAlamaraNa, 9. paNDita maraNa, 10. bAlapaNDita maraNa, 11. chadamasthamaraNa, 12. kevalimaraNa, 13. vaikhAnasamaraNa, 14. gRddhapRSTamaraNa, 15. bhakta pratyAkhyAnamaraNa, 16. iMginimaraNa evaM 17. paadopgmnmrnn| inameM se bAlapaNDitamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, chamasthamaraNa, kevalImaraNa, bhakta pratyAkhyAna, iMginimaraNa va prAyopagamana kA saMbandha samAdhimaraNa se hai| kinhIM sthitiyoM meM vaikhAnasamaraNa, gRddhaspaSTamaraNa ko jaina paramparA meM bhI ucita mAnA gayA hai| kintu ye donoM apavAdika sthiti meM hI ucita mAne gaye haiM jaise jaba brahamacarya ke pAlana aura jIvana ke saMrakSaNa meM eka hI vikalpa ho, to aisI sthiti meM vaikhAnasamaraNa dvArA zarIra tyAga ko ucita mAnA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhagavatIArAdhanA meM bhI samavAyAMga ke samAna hI maraNa ke uparyukta satraha prakAroM kA ullekha hai| yadyapi kahIM-kahIM unake nAma evaM krama meM antara dikhAyI detA hai| udAharaNArtha samavAyAMga meM chadmasthamaraNa kA ullekha hai jabaki bhagavatIArAdhanA meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| isake sthAna para usameM osannamaraNa kA ullekha hai| samavAyAMga ke pazcAt jJAtAdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRtadazA anuttaraupapAtikadazA tathA vipAkadazA Adi aMga. AgamoM meM jIvana ke aMtima kAla meM saMlekhanA dvArA zarIra tyAgane vAle sAdhakoM kI kathAe~ haiN| isameM bhagavatIsUtra meM ambar3a saMnyAsI aura usake 500 ziSyoM ke dvArA adatta jala kA sevana nahIM karate hue gaMgA kI bAlU para samAdhimaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| upAsakadazA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Ananda, kAmadeva, sakaDAlaputra, culinIpitA Adi daza gRhastha upAsakoM dvArA samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane aura unameM vighnoM ke upasthita hone tathA Ananda ko isa avasthA meM vistRta avadhijJAna utpanna hone, gautama ke dvArA Ananda se kSamA yAcanA karane Adi ke ullekha hai| isI prakAra antakRtadazA meM kucha zramaNoM aura AryikAoM dvArA samAdhimaraNa svIkAra karane aura usa dazA meM kaivalya evaM mokSa prApta karane ke nirdeza haiN| kintu vistAra bhaya se ina sabakI carcA meM jAnA hama yahA~ Avazyaka

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89 ardhamAgadhI aaesAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa nahIM smjhte| itanA avazya jJAtavya hai ki inameM se kucha kathAoM ke nirdeza zvetAmbara paramparA meM maraNa vibhakti meM tathA acela paramparA meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI pAye jAte haiM / yahA~ hama kevala antakRtadazA ( varga 8. adhyAya 1 ) kA vaha ullekha karanA cAheMge jisameM sAdhaka kisa sthiti meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karatA thA, isakA sundara citraNa nimna hai -- " tatpazcAt kAlI AryA, usa urAla - pradhAna, (vipula, dIrghakAlIna, vistIrNa, sazrIka- zobhAsampanna, guru dvArA pradatta athavA prayatnasAdhya, bahumAnapUrvaka gRhIta, kalyANakArI, nirogatA - janaka, ziva-mukti ke kAraNa bhUta, dhanya, mAMgalya pApavinAzaka, udagra- tIvra, udAra - niSkAma hone ke kAraNa audArya vAle, uttama, ajJAna andhakAra se rahita aura mahAn prabhAva vAle, tapaH karma se zuSka-nIrasa zarIra vAlI, rakSa, mAMsa rahita aura nasoM se vyApta ho gayI thii| jaise koI koyaloM se bharI gAr3I ho, sUkhI lakar3iyoM se bharI gAr3I ho, pattoM se bharI gAr3I ho, dhUpa meM DAlakara sukhAI ho arthAt koyalA, lakar3I patte Adi khUba sukhA liye gaye hoM aura phira gAr3I meM bhare gaye hoM, to vaha gAr3I khar3a-khar3a AvAja karatI huI calatI hai aura ThaharatI hai, usI prakAra kAlI AryA hAr3oM kI khar3akhar3AhaTa ke sAtha calatI thI aura khar3akhar3AhaTa ke sAtha khar3I rahatI thii| vaha tapasyA se to upacita- vRddhi ko prApta thI, magara mAMsa aura rUdhira se apacita-hAsa ko prApta ho gayI thI / bhasma ke samUha se AcchAdita agni kI taraha tapasyA ke teja se dedIpyamAna vaha tapasteja kI lakSmI se atIva zobhAyamAna ho rahI thIM / eka dina rAtri ke pichale prahara meM kAlI AryA ke hRdaya meM skandamuni ke samAna yaha vicAra utpanna huA " isa kaThora tapa sAdhanA ke kAraNa merA zarIra atyanta kRza ho gayA hai / tathApi jaba taka mere isa zarIra meM utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSakAra - parAkrama hai, mana meM zraddhA, dhairya evaM vairAgya hai taba taka mere liye ucita hai ki kala sUryodaya hone ke pazcAt AryA caMdanA pUchakara unakI AjJA prApta hone para, saMlekhanA jhUSaNA kA sevana karatI huI bhaktapAna kA tyAga karake, mRtyu ke prati niSkAma hokara vicaraNa kruuN|" aisA socakara vaha agale dina sUryodaya hote hI jahA~ AryA caMdanA thI vahA~ AI aura vaMdanA - namaskAra kara isa prakAra bolI-"he AyeM ! ApakI AjJA ho to maiM saMlekhanA jhUSaNA karatI huI vicaranA cAhatI huuN|" AryA candanA ne kahA "he devAnupriye ! jaise tumheM sukha ho, vaisA kro| satkArya meM vilamba na kro|" taba AryA candanA kI AjJA pAkara kAlI AryA saMlekhanA jhUSaNA grahaNa karake yAvat vicarane lagI / kAlI AryA ne AryA candanA ke pAsa sAmAyika se lekara gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura pUre ATha varSa taka cAritradharma kA pAlana karake eka mAsa kI saMlekhanA se AtmA ko jhoSita kara sATha bhakta kA anazana pUrNa kara, jisa hetu se saMyama grahaNa kiyA thA yAvat usako antima zvAsocchvAsa taka pUrNa kiyA aura siddha, buddha aura mukta ho gii| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki antakRtadazA meM jaba zarIra pUrNatayA glAna ho jAya, aisI sthiti meM hI samAdhimaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| prakIrNaka aura samAdhimaraNa zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita jo grantha likhe gaye haiM, unameM candravedhyaka,

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 90 AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, saMstAraka, bhakta parijJA aura maraNa vibhakti pramukha haiN| candravedhyaka prakIrNaka kA antima lakSya to samAdhimaraNa kA nirUpaNa hI hai, kintu usakI pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM vinaya guNa, AcArya guNa, vinaya nigraha guNa, jJAna guNa aura caraNa guNa dara nAmaka prathama pAMca dvAroM meM samAdhimaraNa kI pUrva bhUmikA ke rUpa meM sambandhita viSayoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai aura anta meM chaThAM samAdhimaraNa bara hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 175 gAthAe~ hai, kintu kucha pratiyoM meM 75 gAthAe~ aura bhI milatI hai kintu unameM se adhikAMza gAthAyeM AturapratyAkhyAna meM yathAvat upalabdha hotI hai / grantha ke anta meM maraNa guNa dara nAmaka saptama dara meM sabase adhika 58 gAthAe~ hai| isameM akRtayoga aura kRtayoga ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo vyakti viSaya-vAsanAoM ke vazIbhUta hokara jIvana jItA hai, vaha akRta yoga hai tathA jo isake viparIta vAsanAoM evaM kaSAyoM para niyantraNa kara jIvana jItA hai vaha kRtayogI hai aura jo kRtayogI hai, usI kA maraNa sArthaka hai yA samAdhimaraNa hai| isameM kisa prakAra kI jIvana dRSTi va AcAra-vicAra kA pAlana karate hue vyakti samAdhimaraNa ko prApta kara sakatA hai, isakA vistRta vivecana hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki jo samyaktva se yukta labdhabuddhi sAdhaka AlocanA karake maraNa ko prApta hotA hai usakA maraNa zuddha hotA hai isake viparIta jo indriya sukhoM kI ora daur3atA hai vaha akRta parikrama jIva ArAdhanA kAla meM vicalita ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra lakSya bheda kA sAdhaka apanA dhyAna bAhya viSayoM kI ora na lagAkara kevala lakSya kI ora rakhatA hai, usI prakAra jo vyakti rAga-dveSa kA nigraha karatA hai tathA tridaNDa aura cAra kaSAyoM se apanI AtmA ko lipta nahIM hone detaa| pAMcoM indriyoM para niyantraNa rakhatA hai| chaha jIva nikAya kI hiMsA evaM sAta bhayoM se rahita mArdava bhAva se yukta hotA hai| ATha madoM se rahita hokara nava prakAra se brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai tathA dasa dharma kA pAlana karate hue zukla dhyAna ke abhimukha hotA hai vahI vyakti maraNa kAla meM kRta yogI hotA hai| jo vyakti jina upadRSTa samAdhimaraNa kI ArAdhanA karatA hai vaha dhUta kleza hokara bhAvazalyoM kA nivAraNa karake zuddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| jisa prakAra sukuzala vaidya bhI apanI vyAdhi ko anya se kahakara usakI cikitsA karavAtA hai, usI prakAra sAdhu bhI guru ke samIpa apane doSoM kI AlocanA karake mRtyu ke samaya zuddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai| jo sAdhu maraNakAla meM Asakta nahIM hotA, vahI ArAdhaka hai| isa prakAra candravedhyaka mukhya rUpa se samAdhimaraNa karane vAle sAdhaka kI jIvana dRSTi kaisI honA cAhie, isakI carcA karatA hai| candravedhyaka ke pazcAt jo prakIrNaka grantha pUrNataH samAdhi samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ko hI apanA viSaya banAte haiM, unameM AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna pramukha haiN| jJAtavya hai ki AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna kI lagabhaga eka sau gAthAe~ mUlAcAra ke saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna aura bRhat pratyAkhyAna nAmaka adhyAyoM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| 'AturapratyAkhyAna ke nAma se tIna prakIrNaka grantha upalabdha hote haiN| eka AturapratyAkhyAna meM tIsa gAthAe~ aura kucha gadya bhAga hai, jabaki dUsare meM 34 gAthAe~ hai aura tIsare meM 71 gAthAe~ haiN| vaise ina sabhI AturapratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNakoM kA viSaya samAdhimaraNa hI hai| prathama

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91 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa AturapratyAkhyAna meM paMca maMgala ke pazcAt arihaMta Adi se kSamA-yAcanA aura uttama artha arthAt samAdhimaraNa kI ArAdhanA ke lie 18 pApa sthAnoM kA aura zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kA parityAga tathA anta meM sAgAra evaM nirAgAra samAdhi maraNa ke pratyAkhyAna kI carcA hai| isake anta meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM se kSamA yAcanA ke sandarbha meM 13 gAthAe~ haiM aura anta meM ekatva bhAvanA kA ullekha hai| jisameM kahA gayA hai ki "jJAna-darzana se yukta eka merA AtmA hI zAzvata hai, zeSa sabhI bAhya padArtha sAMyogika hai| sAMyogika padArthoM ke prati mamatva hI duHkha paramparA kA kAraNa hai| ataH trividha rUpa se saMyoga kA parityAga kara denA cAhie" / jJAtavya hai ki ye gAthAe~ bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM mUlAcAra ke sAtha-sAtha kuMda-kuMda ke granthoM meM bhI yathAvata rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| AturapratyAkhyAna nAmaka dUsare grantha meM avirati kA pratyAkhyAna, mamatva tyAga, deva ke prati upAlambha, zubha bhAvanA, arahaMta Adi kA smaraNa Adi samAdhimaraNa ke aMgoM kI carcA hai| isI nAma ke tRtIya prakIrNaka 71 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM mukhya rUpa se bAla-paNDita maraNa aura paNDita bharaNa aise do prakAra ke samAdhibharaNoM kI carcA karatA hai| isameM prathama 4 gAthAoM meM dezavatI zrAvaka ke liye bAla-paNDita maraNa kA vidhAna hai jabaki muni ke lie paNDita maraNa kA vidhAna hai| isameM uttama artha samAdhi maraNa kI prApti ke lie kisa prakAra ke dhyAnoM (vicAroM) kI AvazyakatA hai, isakI cAya hai| isake pazcAt saba pApoM ke pratyAkhyAna ke sAtha AtmA kI ekatva kI anubhUti kI carcA bhI hai| anta meM AlocanAdAyaka aura AlocanA grAhaka ke guNoM kI carcA karate hue tIna prakAra ke maraNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai -- bAla-maraNa, bAla-paNDitamaraNa, pnndditmrnn| isake pazcAt asamAdhimaraNa ke phala kI carcA kI gayI hai aura phira yaha batAyA gayA hai ki bAlamaraNa aura paNDita maraNa kyA hai ? zastra grahaNa, viSa-bhakSaNa, jala-praveza, agni-praveza Adi dvArA mRtyu ko prApta karanA bAlamaraNa hai tathA isake viparIta anazana dvarA dehAsakti kA tyAga kara kaSAyoM ko kSINa karanA paNDita maraNa hai| anta meM paNDitamaraNa kI bhAvanAe~ aura usakI vidhi kI carcA hai| mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka prakIrNaka meM 142 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM bAya evaM abhyAntara parigraha kA parityAga, sarvajIvoM se kSamA yAcanA, AtmAlocana, mamatva kA chedana, AtmasvarUpa kA dhyAna, mUla evaM uttara guNoM kI ArAdhanA, ekatva bhAvanA, saMyoga sambandhoM ke parityAga Adi kI carcA karate hue Alocaka ke svarUpa kA bhI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isI prasaMga meM pA~ca mahAvratoM evaM samiti-gapti ke svarUpa kI carcA bhI hai| sAtha hI tapa ke mahattva ko batAyA gayA hai| phira akRta-yoga evaM kRtayoga kI carcA karake paNDita-maraNa kI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai| isI prasaMga meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA kA bhI citraNa huA hai| anta meM saMsArataraNa evaM karmoM se vistAra pAne kA upadeza dete hue ArAdhanA rUpI patAkA ko phaharAne kA nirdeza hai| sAtha hI pA~ca prakAra kI ArAdhanA va unake phaloM kI carcA karate hue dhIramaraNa ( samAdhimaraNa ) kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| saMstAraka prakIrNaka kA viSaya bhI samAdhimaraNa hI hai| isa prakIrNaka meM 122 gAthAe~ haiN| prArambha meM maMgala ke sAtha-sAtha kucha zreSTha vastuoM aura sadguNoM kI carcA hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa paramArtha parama-Ayatana, paramakalpa aura paramagati kA sAdhaka hai| jisa

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DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 92 prakAra parvatoM meM meruparvata evaM tArAgaNoM meM candra zreSTha hai, usI prakAra suvihita janoM ke lie saMthArA zreSTha hai| isI meM Age 12 gAthAoM meM saMstAraka ke svarUpa kA vivecana hai| isa prasaMga meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki kauna vyakti samAdhimaraNa ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai ? yaha grantha kSpaka ke lAbha evaM sukha kI carcA karatA hai| isameM saMthArA grahaNa karane vAle kucha vyaktiyoM ke ullekha hai yathA -- sukozala RSi, avanti-sukumAla, kArtikArya, pATalIputra ke caMdaka-putra ( sambhavataH candragupta) tathA cANakya aadi| jJAtavya hai ki isakI adhikAMza kathAe~ yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA meM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki saMstAraka evaM maraNa-vibhakti meM varNita ina kathAoM kI bRhatkathA koza tathA ArAdhanA koza se tulanA kreN| anta meM saMstAraka kI bhAvanAoM kA citraNa hai| isakI aneka gAthAe~ AturapratyAkhyAna evaM candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM bhI milatI haiN| zvetAmbara AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM sabase vistata grantha maraNavibhakti hai| vastutaH maraNa vibhakti eka grantha na hokara samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita prAcIna ATha granthoM ke AdhAra para nirmita huA eka saMkalana grantha hai| yadyapi isameM ina ATha granthoM kI gAthAe~ kahIM zabda spa se to kahIM bhAva rUpa se hI gRhIta haiN| phira bhI samAdhi maraNa sambandhita sabhI viSayoM ko eka sthAna para prastuta karane kI dRSTi se yaha grantha ati mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM 663 gAthAe~ haiN| yaha grantha saMkSipta hote hue bhI bhagavatIArAdhanA ke samAna hI apane viSaya ko samagra rUpa se prastuta karatA hai| vistAra bhaya se yahAM isakI samasta viSaya-vastu kA pratipAdana kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| isameM 14 dvAra arthAt adhyayana haiN| isa grantha meM bhI saMstAraka ke samAna hI paNDita maraNapUrvaka mukti prApta karane vAle sAdhakoM ke dRSTAnta hai| jinameM se adhikAMza bhagavatIArAdhanA evaM saMstAraka meM milate hai| isI grantha meM anitya Adi bAraha bhAvanAoM kA bhI vivecana hai| __isake atirikta ArAdhanAphtAkA nAmaka eka grantha aura hai| yaha grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA aisA kahanA hai ki yaha grantha yApanIya grantha bhagavatIArAdhanA ke AdhAra para AcArya vIrabhadra dvArA nirmita huA hai, kintu isa grantha meM bhakta-parijJA, piNDaniyukti aura Avazyaka- niyukti kI anekoM gAthAe~ bhI haiN| ata: yaha kisa grantha ke AdhAra para nirmita huA hai, yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| isI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita aneka grantha paravartI zvetAmbarAcAryoM dvArA bhI likhe gaye haiM, jinameM pUrNa vistAra ke sAtha samAdhimaraNa sambandhI vivaraNa hai kintu ye grantha paravartIkAla ke haiM, aura hama apane viSaya ko ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya taka hI sImita rakhane ke kAraNa inakI vizeSa carcA yahAM nahIM karanA caaheNge| yaha samasta carcA bhI hamane saMketa spa meM hI kI hai| vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki ve isa tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko Age bddh'aayeN| isa sambandha meM aneka Agamika vyAkhyA grantha jaise AcArAMga niyukti, sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, Avazyaka niyukti, nizIthabhASya, bRhatkalpa bhASya, vyavahAra bhASya, nizIthacUrNi Adi

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93 ardhamAgadhI AgamasAhitya meM samAdhimaraNa bhI unake upajIvya ho sakate hai| isI prakAra AgamoM kI zIlAMka aura abhayadeva kI vRttiyAM bhI bahuta kucha sUcanAyeM pradAna kara sakatI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM kSapaka arthAt saMlekhanA lene vAle zramaNa ke maraNoparAnta deha ko kisa prakAra visarjita kiyA jAye, isakI carcA bhagavatIArAdhanA aura nizItha cUrNi meM samAna rUpa se milatI hai| AzA hai vidvAnoM kI AgAmI pIr3hI isa tulanAtmaka carcA ko pUrNatA pradAna kregii| - pro. sAgaramala jaina, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5