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________________ Nasee ++++++++++ 0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0+0 apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya DaoN0 prema sumana jaina, adhyakSa, jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura apabhraMza bhASA meM kAvya kI racanA kaba se prArambha huI yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| kyoMki apabhraMza kI prArambhika racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiN| apabhraMza ke jina kaviyoM kA abhI taka patA calA hai usameM govinda aura caturmukha prAcIna tama haiN| inakI abhI taka koI racanA upalabdha nahIM huI hai / svayambhU aura mahAkavi dhavana ne inheM apabhraMza ke Adikavi ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI meM apabhraMzakAvyoM kI racanA hone lagI thI / svamyabhU ke samaya taka ( 7 vIM za0 ) apabhraMza-kAvya kI paramparA vikasita ho gayI thI / svayambhU kI paur3ha aura paripuSTa racanA ko dekhakara yaha sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza kI kAvya racanAe~ prAkRta Adi kI prAcIna kAvyaparamparA se vikasita huI haiN| aba taka apabhraMza sAhitya kI lagabhaga 150 racanAe~ prakAza meM AyI haiN| unake sampAdana- prakAzana kA kArya cala rahA hai| prakAzita racanAoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki apabhraMza sAhitya kI aneka vidhAaiM hai| prabandhakAvya, khaNDakAvya, muktakakAvya, sandhikAvya, rAsA, carcarI Adi aneka bheda vidvAnoM ne kiye haiM / kintu apabhraMza racanAoM kI viSayavastu aura anta saMgaThanA ke AdhAra para unheM prabandhakAvya aura muktakakAvya ke antargata samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai | apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvyoM kA vivecana hI yahA~ pratipAdya hai / bandha sahita kAvya ko prabandhakAvya kahA jAtA hai / prabandhakAvya meM koI paurANika, aitihAsika, yA lokavizruta kathA hotI hai, jisakI varNanAtmaka prastuta kavi kramabaddha rUpa meM karatA hai / kathA kI samasta ghaTanAe~ Apasa meM sambaddha hotI hai tathA kathA ke prabhAva ko agragAmI karane ke lie ve paraspara sApekSa hotI haiM / pramukha kathA ke sAtha avAntarakathAe~ isa prakAra jur3I huI hotI haiM jisase nAyaka ke caritra kA kramazaH udghATana hotA rhe| kavi sampUrNa kathA ko ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para kaI bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara letA hai, jo sarga, AzvAsa, sandhi Adi ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM / prabandhakAvya ke rUpa upalabdha hote haiM-- mahAkAvya evaM khaNDakAvya / jIvana kI abhivyakti mahAkAvya hai tathA kucha cunI huI jIvanapaddhatiyoM kI kAraNa ina donoM ke preraNAsrota, uddezya evaM prabhAva meM antara hai| meM hai / mahAkAvya ho athavA khaNDakAvya donoM ko apanI kathA meM donoM hI prabandhakAvya kI koTi meM parigaNita hote haiM / sampUrNa anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyaMjanA khaNDakAvya hai / isa svarUpa bheda ke ekarUpatA hai to kevala kathA-sUtra kI akhaNDatA nirantaratA rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isa guNa ke kAraNa bhAratIya sAhitya meM aneka prabandhakAvyoM kI racanA huI hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta meM inakI pracuratA hai; kintu svarUpabheda bhI hai| saMskRta meM adhikAMza mahAkAvyoM kI racanA huI hai, jinakA AdhAra adhikatara paurANika hai| prAkRta ke prabandhakAvyoM meM paurANikatA hote hue bhI laukika aura dhArmika vAtAvaraNa adhika hai| pravarasena kA 'setubandhu' aura vAkpatirAja kA 'gauDavaho' zAstrIya zailI meM nirmita prAkRta ke prabandhakAvya haiM / vimalasUrikA 'paumacariyaM' paurANika zailI kA hai to hemacandra kA 'dvayAzrayakAvya' aitihAsika prabandhakAvya kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| prAkRta meM romAMcaka zailI meM prabandhakA likhe gaye haiN| kautUhala kI 'sIlAvaIkahA' isa maMtrI kA udAharaNa hai / prAkRta meM romAMcaka zailI meM kucha khaNDakAvya bhI likhe gaye haiM, jinhoMne prabandhakAvya kI paramparA ko Age bar3hAyA haiM / .
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________________ DISIO apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya saMskRta evaM prAkRta kI sudIrgha paramparA se prabhAvita hai| kintu una para prAkRta kA sIdhA prabhAva hai| apabhraMza meM zAstrIya zailI ke prabandha kAvya nahIM haiM / sambhavata: lokabhASA hone ke kAraNa bhI apabhraMza meM vizuddha mahAkAvya likhe jAne kI paramparA prArambha nahIM huii| prabandhakAvya kI kucha nizcita vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para abhraMza meM jo prabandhakAvya haiM unheM tIna prakAra kA mAnA jA sakatA hai-- paurANika, dhArmika evaM romAMcaka / yaha vibhAjana bhI viziSTa guNoM kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa hai anyathA apabhraMza kI prAyaH sabhI racanAe~ paurANikatA, dhArmikatA evaM romAMcakatA se kisI na kisI mAtrA meM yukta hotI hai / " paurANika prabandhakAvya apabhraMza meM paurANika kathAvastu ko lekara jo racanAe~ likhI gayI haiM unameM kucha mahAkAvya haiM, kucha carita kAvya / kintu unako saMgaThanA eka taraha kI hai| jainaparamparA ke anusAra mahApurANa vaha hai jisameM varNana ho / adhikatara salAkA puruyoM kA jIvana carita inameM varNita hotA hai| isa prakAra ke apabhraMza ke paurANika prabandhakAvya nimna haiM (1) harivaMzapurANa ( riTThaNemicariu ) - mahAkavi svayambhU / isameM 112 sandhiyA~ haiM tathA zrIkRSNa ke janma se harivaMza taka kI bhavAvalI kA vistRta varNana hai / apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya (2) harivaMzapurANa mahAkavi dhavala 18 hajAra padyoM meM viracita yaha prabandhakAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai| (3) mahApurANa - puSpadanta / isameM prArambha meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM tathA bAda rAma aura kRSNa kI jIvanagAthA vistAra se varNita hai| (6) paumacariu - svayambhU / isameM rAmakathA kA vastu kI dRSTi se ise paurANika prabandha hI mAnanA hogaa| hai / kathA kA vistAra eka nizcita krama se huA hai / 511 1 (4) pANDavapurANa - yazaH kIti isameM 34 sandhiyoM meM pAMca pANDavoM kI jIvanagAthA varNita hai| 44 sandhiyoM meM kaurava pANDavoM kI gAthA kA varNana / harivaMzapurANa nAma (5) harivaMzapurANa- zrutakIrti / use anya racanAe~ bhI apabhraMza meM upalabdha haiM / 1. sabhI ke prArambha meM tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti / 2. pUrva kaviyoM evaM vidvAnoM kA smaraNa / 3. vinamratA pradarzana / apabhraMza ke ina paurANika prabandhakAvyoM meM rAma aura kRSNa kathA kI pradhAnatA hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata inake upajIvya kAvya the / yadyapi ina kaviyoM ne apanI pratibhA aura pANDitya ke kAraNa ina pracalita kathAoM meM paryApta parivartana kiyA hai tathA apanI maulikatA banAye rakhI hai| ina prabandhakAvyoM meM varNana kI dRSTi se bhI prAyaH - samAnatA hai yathA 4. grantha racanA kA lakSya va kAvya viSaya kA mahattva / 5. sajjana - durjana varNana / 6. Atma- paricaya | 7. zrotA vaktA zailI / vistAra se varNana hai| carita nAmAnta hone para bhI viSayayadyapi isameM paurANikatA anya prabandhoM kI apekSA kama prAyaH pratyeka paurANika prabandha meM samavasaraNa kI racanA meM gautama gaNadhara aura zreNika upasthita rahate haiM tathA zreNika ke pUchane para gaNadhara athavA vardhamAna kathA kA vistAra karate haiM / kAvya sambandhI ina rUr3hiyoM ke atirikta prabandhakAvyoM meM kucha paurANika athavA dhArmika rUr3hiyoM kA bhI prayoga dekhane ko milatA hai / yathA - 1. sRSTi kA .0 .
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________________ 512 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.........................-.-.-.-.-.. varNana, 2. loka-vibhAjana, 3. dharma-pratipAdana, 4. dArzanika khaNDana-maNDana, 5. alaukika tathyoM kI yojanA, 6. pUrvabhavasmaraNa tathA 7. svapnadarzana Adi / alaukika tathyoM ke saMyojana ke lie devatA, yakSa, gandharva, vidyAdhara, nAga, rAkSasa Adi bhI sahAyaka ke rUpa meM upasthita kiye jAte haiM / tathA aneka lokakathAe~ dhArmika caukhaTe meM jar3a dI jAtI hai| isa prakAra apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya dharma, kathA aura kAvya ina tInoM ke sammizraNa se yukta hote haiM / isa prakAra ke prabandhakAvyoM kI paramparA apabhraMza taka hI sImita nahIM rahI / rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI se hote hue hindI meM bhI aise prabandhakAvya likhe gaye haiM, jinameM kAvya aura paurANika rUr3hiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| dhArmika prabandhakAvya __ apabhraMza kI jina racanAoM meM paurANikatA aura kAlpanikatA kI apekSA dhArmikatA adhika ubharatI hai ve dhArmika prabandhakAvya haiN| kathA kI ekarUpatA inameM bhI milatI haiN| adhikAMza caritragrantha isa koTi meM Ate haiN| inakI racanA jainadharma ke kisI vizeSa vrata athavA siddhAnta pratipAdana ke lie hotI hai| kucha kAvyoM meM dhArmika-mahApuruSoM ke jIvanagAthA kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai / isa koTi ke kucha prabandhakAvyoM kA paricaya draSTavya hai| jasaharacariu--yaha mahAkavi puSpadanta kI racanA hai / isameM yazodhara rAjA kI jIvana kathA vaNita hai| sampUrNa kathAnaka meM pA~ca-sAta janma-janmAntaroM ke vRttAnta samAviSTa haiM / kathAnaka kA vizeSa abhiprAya hai ki jIvahiMsA sabase adhika ghora pApa hai| usake pariNAma kaI janmoM taka bhogane par3ate haiM / ata: jIvahiMsA kI kriyA evaM bhAvanA se bhI bacanA cAhie / kathA ke isI uddezya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yazodharacarita nAma se 50-60 racanAe~ saMskRta-prAkRta evaM apabhraMza meM likhI gayI haiN| NAyakumAra cariu-isa carita ke lekhaka bhI puSpadanta haiM tathA yaha kathA bhI dhArmika uddezya se likhI gayI hai| isa grantha ke nAyaka nAgakumAra haiM, jo eka rAjaputra haiM, kintu sautele bhrAtA zrIdhara ke vidveSavaza ve apane pitA dvArA nirvAsita nAnA pradezoM meM bhramaNa karate haiM tathA apane zaurya, naipuNya va kalA-cAturyAdi dvArA logoM ko prabhAvita karate haiM / anta meM pitA dvArA Amantrita hone para punaH rAjadhAnI ko lauTate haiN| phira jIvana ke antima caraNa meM jinadIkSA lekara mokSa prApta karate haiN| kisI bhI dharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie isase adhika AkarSaka aura manorama jIvanacarita dUsarA nahIM ho sktaa| sUkSmadRSTi se vicAra kareM to nAgakumAracarita kI kathA rAmakathA kA hI rUpAntara haiN| ___ jaMbUsAmicariu-kahAkavi bIra dvArA racita jaMbUsAmicariu prasiddha dhArmika prabandha kAvya hai| isameM mahAkAvya ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiM / inakA kathAnaka bar3A rocaka hai / kathA bar3I lambI evaM avAntarakathAoM se guMthI huI hai| jamvU nAmaka zreSThiputra kumArAvasthA meM hI saMsAra se virakta hokara mokSaphala kI AkAMkSA karane lagatA hai| isakI sUcanA milate hI usakI vAgdatA cAra ghoSThikanyAeM kevala eka dina ke lie use vivAha kara lene ke lie prerita karatI haiN| vivAhoparAnta madhurAtri meM cAroM vadhue~ aura jambU suhAgazayyA para paraspara vArtAlApa karate haiM / vadhueM sAMsArika sukhoM ke guNa gAtI haiM aura jambU Atmika sukha ke / antatogatvA, prAtaHkAla jambU kI hI jIta hotI hai aura vaha apane svajanoM sahita dIkSita ho jAtA hai| ina racanAoM ke atirikta vizuddha dhArmika vAtAvaraNa se yukta anya prabandha bhI apabhraMza meM upalabdha haiM / sundarasaNacariu (nayanaMdi), karakaMDucariu (kanakAmara), jiNadattacariu (lakSmaNa), siddhacakkamahApya (raidhU) Adi unameM pramukha haiN| vastuvarNana alaMkAra, chanda, rasa Adi kAvya upakaraNoM kI inameM vividhatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie kucha kAvyacitra draSTavya haiN| udyAnakrIr3A karate hue jambUkumAra kisI kAminI ke yauvana kI prazaMsA karate hue kahatA hai anbhasiyau haMsahi gamaNu tujjhu kalacaMThihiM komalalaviu bujchu / paDigAhiu kamalahi calaNalAsu tarupallaverhi karayalavilAsu / sikkhiu vellihiM bhUvaMkuDatu sIsattabhAu saccu vi pavattu / -ja0 sA0 c04|17
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________________ apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.................................. (haMsoM ne tujhase gamana kA abhyAsa kiyA, kalakaMThI ne komala AlApa karanA jAnA, kamaloM ne caraNoM se komalatA sIkhI, tarupallavoM ne tumhArI hatheliyoM kA vilAsa sIkhA tathA beloM ne tumhArI bhauMhoM se bAMkapana siikhaa| isa prakAra ye saba tumhAre ziSyabhAva ko prApta hue haiM / ) mahAkavi puSpadanta vastu-varNana karane meM siddhahasta the| rAjagRha kA varNana karate hue ve kahate haiM ki mAnoM vaha (nagara) kamala-sarovara rUpI netroM se dekhatA thA, pavana dvArA hilAye hue vanoM ke rUpa meM nAca rahA thA tathA lalita latAgRhoM ke dvArA mAnoM lukA-chupI khelatA thA / aneka jinamandiroM dvArA mAnoM ullasita ho rahA thA joyai va kamalasaraloyaNehi Naccai va pavaNa halliyavaNehiM / lhivakai va laliyavallIharehi ullasai va bahujiNavaraharehi / / -Na0 ku0 ca0 17 vIrakavi dvArA cAMdanI rAta kA eka manorama dRzya bar3A hI sUkSma aura maulika udbhAvanAoM se yukta hai| yathA-gatapatikAoM ke dvArA apane hRdayoM para kaMcukI ke sAtha-sAtha gaganAMgana meM candramA zIghra udita huA; (jo aisA zobhAyamAna huA) mAnoM ghanA andhakAra phaila jAne para sundara netra vAlI navalakSmI ke dvArA dIpaka jalAyA gyaa| jyotsnA ke rasa (cAMdanI) se bhuvana zuddha kiyA gayA mAnoM use kSIrodadhi meM DAla diyA gayA ho / kAmadeva ke bandhu candramA kI kiraNeM----kyA gagana amRta binduoM ko girA rahA hai, kyA karpUra-pravAha se kaNa gira rahe haiM, kyA zrIkhaNDa ke pracura rasa-sIkara gira rahe haiM ? (aisA lagatA hai mAnoM) lAra phailAtA huA mArjAra gavAkSa-jAloM ko gorasa kI bhA~ti se cATatA hai ityAdi-- jAliyAu gayavahahiyayahi sahu~ uDau nahaMgaNe mayalaMchaNu lahu / bhamie tamaMdhayAra bara acchie diNNau dIvau NaM nhlcchie| johArasena bhuvaNu kiu suddhau khIramahaNNavammi NaM chuddha u / ki gayaNAu abhiyalavavihaDahiM kiM kappUrapUrakaNa nivaDahiM / kiM sirikhaMDabahalarasasIyara mayaraddhayabaMdhavasasaharakara / jAla gavakkhaI pasariyalAlau gorasa bhaMtie lihai viDAlau / -ja0sA0ca0 8.15 romAMca prabandha kAvya apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya lokamAnasa se adhika anuprANita haiM / ata: unameM lokakathA ke adhikAMza guNa samAhita hae haiM, jinameM kAlpanikatA aura romAMcakatA pradhAna hai| isameM atizayoktipUrNa bAtoM ke dvArA kathAnAyaka ke caritra kA utkarSa batalAyA gayA hai / apabhraMza ne isa zailI ko eka ora jahA~ loka se grahaNa kiyA hai, dUsarI ora vahA~ prAkRta kI romAMcaka kathAoM se / pAdaliptasUri kI 'taraMgavatIkathA' meM Adi se anta taka romAnsa haiM / sacce prema kI yaha anUThI gAthA hai| isI prakAra kI 'lIlAvatI', 'surasundarI caritra', 'ratnazekharakathA' Adi aneka racanAe~ prAkRta meM haiM, jinake zilpa kA prabhAva apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvyoM para avazya par3A hogaa| ___ anya prabandhakAvyoM kI tulanA meM apabhraMza ke ina kathAtmaka prabandhoM kI alaga vizeSatAe~ haiM / inakI eka vizeSatA bar3I unakA premAkhyAna-pradhAna honA tathA sAhasika varNanoM se bharA honA hai| ina kAvyoM meM kisI citra-darzana Adi dvArA nAyaka-nAyikA kA eka dUsare ke lie vyAkula ho jAnA, prApti kA upAya karanA, viyoga meM jhUranA, anahonI ghaTanAoM dvArA milana tathA puna: bichoha honA aura anta meM sabhI kaThinAiyoM para vijaya prApta kara saphala hone kA varNana upalabdha hotA hai / apabhraMza ke pramukha romAMcaka prabandhakAvya haiM - 1. vilAsavatI kathA (sAdhAraNa siddhasena) 2. jinadattakathA (lAkhU) 3. paumasiricariu (dhaahil)| kavi kI yaha racanA atyanta lalita hai / kavi ne ise 'karNarasAyana dharmakathA' kahA hai| isa kathA meM eka dhanI parivAra kI vidhavA putrI kI sthiti kA aMkana hai / kAvya sarasa evaM bhAvapUrNa hai|
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________________ 514 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa ..........-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-........................................ 4 jinadatta caupai (ralha) 5. sudaMsaNacariu (nayanandI) 6 sudarzanacaritra (mANikyanandi)-isa kathA meM prasiddha sudarzana seTha kI kathA hai / kintu kAvya kI zailI evaM kathA kA vidhAna bar3A AkarSaka hai / eka bhAvuka premI ke antardvandva kA hRdayagrAhI citraNa isameM hai| 7. zrIpAla kathA (raidhU) 8 bhavisayattakahA (dhanapAla) dhanapAla kI bhavisayattakahA apabhraMza prabandhakAvyoM meM kaI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai / yadyapi isa kathA meM zrutapaMcamIvrata kA mAhAtmya pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, kintu kAvya kI AtmA pUrNa laukika hai / dhanapAla ne sambhavataH apabhraMza meM sarvaprathama lokanAyaka kI paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai| sAdhu aura asAdhu pravRttivAle do vargoM ke vyaktiyoM kA caritra isa prabandha meM vikasita huA hai / bhaviSyadatta kI bhramaNa kathA aneka ghaTanAoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| kavi ne jina vastuoM ko varNana ke lie cunA hai unameM pUrNatA bhara dI hai / alaMkAroM kA prayoga sarvatra vyApta hai / upamA alaMkAra kI chaTA draSTavya hai dikkhai NiggayAu NaM kulatiyau viNAsiyasIlau / pikkhai turaya valattha parasaI patthaNa bhaMgAi va vigayAsaI / --bha0da00 4.104 (usane gajarahita gajazAlAoM ko zIlarahita kulIna striyoM kI bhA~ti dekhA tathA azvarahita ghur3asAla use aisI dikhAyI dI mAno AzArahita bhagna prArthanAeM hoN| kavi dhAhila svAbhAvika varNana karane meM prasiddha haiM / unhoMne prakRti evaM mAnava-svabhAva ke sajIva citra upasthita kiye haiN| yazomatI kI virahavedanA hRdaya ko prabhAvita karane vAlI hai Aratta-nayaNa, vicchAya-vayaNa ummukka-hAsa, pasaraMta-sAsa / daramaliya-kati, kaluNaM rupanti uliggadINa nisi sayala khINa / AharaNa-vivajjiya vigaya-hAra ucciNiya-kusuma naM kuMda-sAha / -p0s0c01|14|74 (.."AbharaNa rahita yazomatI aisI kudazAkhA ke samAna ho gayI jisa para se phUla bIna liye gaye hoN)| apabhraza ke ina prabandhakAvyoM meM na kevala prema aura prakRti ke anUThe citraNa haiM, apitu yuddha kI bhISaNatA aura zmazAna kI bhayaMkaratA ke bhI sajIva varNana upalabdha haiN| saMsAra kI nazvaratA ke to aneka sandarbha haiM, jo vibhinna upamAnoM se bhare hue haiN| zarIra kI nazvaratA kA krama draSTavya hai taNu lAyagaNa vaNNa, Nava jovaNNu ruva vilAsa saMpayA / suraghaNa meha jAla jala bubbuya sarisA kassa sAsayA / sisutaNu pAsai NavajovvaNeNa jovvaNa jAsaI buDDhattaNeNa / buDDhattaNu pANiNaM caliyaeNa pANu vi khaMdhohi galiyaeNa / -ja0ha0 ca0 4.10.1-4 apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvyoM kA zilpa kI dRSTi se svatantra adhyayana apekSita hai| inake sUkSma adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki hindI ke premAkhyAna kAvyoM kA jo svarUpa Aja sthira huA hai usakA bIjavapana aura aMkurodbhava apabhraMza kavitA meM ho cukA thA / abhI kucha samaya pUrva taka jisa pratIka yojanA ko sUphI kAvyoM kI maulika udbhAvanA mAnA jAtA rahA hai vaha apabhraMza romAMcaka kAvyoM kI pratIka paddhati kI dena hai| yahI sthiti hindI ke prabandhakAvyoM kI
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________________ apabhraMza ke prabandhakAvya zailI aura zilpa kI hai, jisane apabhraMza kAvyoM se bahuta kucha grahaNa kara use apane DhaMga se abhinava vAtAvaraNa meM vikasita kiyA hai| sandarbha grantha 1. kochar3a, harivaMza : apabhraMza sAhitya 2. jaina, hIrAlAla : NAyakumAracariu (bhUmikA) 3. bhAyANI, eca0sI0 : paumacariu (bhUmikA) 4. jaina, devendrakumAra : apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya 5. zAstrI, devendrakumAra : bhavisayattakahA tathA apabhraMza kathAkAvya 6. jaina, rAjArAma : mahAkavi raidhU aura unakA sAhitya 7. siMha, nAmavara : hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga 8. upAdhyAya, saMkaTAprasAda : kavi svayambhU hai. jaina, vimalaprakAza : jambUsAmicariu (prastAvanA) 10. jaina, premacanda : apabhraMzakathAkAvyoM kA hindI premAkhyAnakoM ke zilpa para prabhAva 11. zAstrI, nemicandra : prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa 0000