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________________ B+B+C++ ++++0+0+0+6 apabhraMza sAhitya-paramparA DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI, prAdhyApaka, snAtakottara hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya, nImaca ( ma0pra0 ) yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai ki bhAratIya bhASAoM ke mUla meM sAMskRtika virAsata nihita hai| bhASAoM ke svAbhAvika pravAha meM jo bhAva samaya-samaya para prakaTa hote rahe, ve lekhAMkana ke abhAva meM sAhityika rUpa grahaNa nahIM kara sake; kintu loka meM pracalita avazya rhe| saMskRta ke nATakoM ke mUla meM yahI pravRtti lakSita hotI hai| bhAratIya sAhitya kI mUla paramparA abhinaya se vibhinna rUpoM se vikasita lakSita hotI hai| saMskRta ke nATya sAhitya meM lokapracalita prAkRta bhASAoM kA prayoga, dezI rAgoM meM gAyI jAne vAlI dhruvA gItiyA~ evaM carcariyA~ isa tathya ko puSTa karane ke lie paryApta hai| prAkRta sAhitya kI racanA isI mUla dhArA ko lekara huI hai| kyoMki abhinaya aura gevatA- ina donoM kA mUla sambandha lokajIvana tathA prAkRta-sAhitya se rahA hai| vastutaH loka-paramparA hI bhAratIya paramparA kA mUla hai / parantu Aja hameM jo prAcIna sAhitya upalabdha hotA hai, usake AdhAra para hI hama sAhityika paramparA kA srota khojate haiN| sambhava hai ki saMskRta- prAkRta aura apabhraMza sAhitya ke madhyakAlIna ( uttarakAlika guptakAla ) rUpa ko dekhakara ve eka-dUsare se prabhAvita lakSita hote hoM, kintu unakI bhAva-bhUmi aura racanA kA mUla usa AdikAlika paramparA meM nihita hai jo Arya saMskRti va sAhitya kI mUla udbhAvaka rahI hai| ataH yaha nissaMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki apabhraMza sAhitya kI paramparA atyanta prAcIna rahI hai| yaha sAhitya adhikatara prAkRta sAhitya kA anuvartI rahA hai aura prAkRta bhASA tathA sAhitya kI AnupUrvI meM gatizIla rhaa| isalie prAkRta sAhitya kI vibhinna bhAvadhArAoM evaM zailiyoM kA sphIti Akalana Aja bhI spaSTa rUpa se lakSita hotA hai| apabhraMza sAhitya kI apanI kucha vizeSatAe~ haiM jinako vaha mUla rUpa se saheje hue hai / sAhityika nidarzana ke rUpa meM apabhraMza sAhitya kI paramparA eka ora mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI 'vikramorvazIya' jaisI prAcIna racanAoM meM tathA 'gAthAsaptazatI' meM spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai, to dUsarI ora prAkRta sAhitya ke suyagaDaMga, vasudevahiNDI, AvazyakacUrNi tathA AkhyAnakamaNikoza meM parilakSita hotI hai| Adhunika yuga meM isa paramparA ko khojane vAle yUropIya vidvAnoM kI zodha-khoja se jo niSkarSa prApta hue haiM, ve atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / prAcyavidyA jagat meM yaha eka nayA AyAma thA, jisane jainadharma va prAkRta bhASA evaM apabhraMza sAhitya kI jAnakArI ke sAtha bhASAvaijJAnika itihAsa tathA bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke vikAsa ke mUla rUpa ko ujAgara kiyA / kintu Aja bhI isa bhASA aura sAhitya ke adhyayana va anusandhAna ke dvArA vibhinna pArzvavartI kSetroM, sAhityika rUpoM, bhASAgata prabhedoM, rUpa-racanA, saMghaTana Adi kA vizleSaNa va anuzIlana apekSita hai / jainavidyA ke mahattvapUrNa anusandhAna ke rUpa meM ullekhanIya vidvAn alvarTa vebara haiM / bambaI ke zikSA vibhAga se anumati prApta kara DaoN0 bUlara ne jina pA~ca sau granthoM ko barlina pustakAlaya meM bhejA thA, unakA adhyayana va anuzIlana kara vebara kaI varSoM taka parizrama kara bhAratIya sAhitya (Indishen Studies) ke rUpa meM mahAna grantha 1882 I0 meM prastuta kiyaa| yaha grantha satraha jildoM meM nibaddha hai / yadyapi 'kalpasUtra' kA a~grejI anuvAda 1848 I0 meM sTIvensana dvArA prakAzita ho cukA thA, kintu jaina Agama granthoM kI bhASA tathA sAhitya kI ora ba taka videzI vidvAnoM kA vizeSa rUpa se jhukAva nahIM huA thA / vebara ne isa sAhitya kA vizeSa mahattva pratipAdita kara 1858 I0 meM dhanezvarasUri kRta "zatruMjaya mAhAtmya" kA sampAdana kara vistRta bhUmikA sahita prathama bAra lipajiga .
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________________ apabhraMza sAhitya-paramparA -. -. - . -. - . - . - . -. -. -. -. -. -. .-. -.-. -. -.-. -.-. -.-. -.-. -.-.-.-. -.-.-. se prakAzita kraayaa| zvetAmbara Agama grantha "bhagavatI sUtra" para jo zodha-kArya vebara ne kiyA, vaha cirasmaraNIya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha grantha balina kI visencAphena (Wissenchaften) akAdamI se 1966-67 meM mudrita huA thaa| vebara ne jainoM ke dhArmika sAhitya ke viSaya meM vistAra se likhA thA, jisakA aMgrejI anuvAda smitha ne prakAzita kiyA thaa| viNDiza ne apane vizvakoza (Encyclopedia of Indo Aryan Researc1) meM tatsambandhI vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| isa prakAra jaina vidyAoM ke adhyayana kA sUtrapAta karane vAlA tathA zodha va anusandhAna ko nirdiSTa karane vAlA vizva kA sarvaprathama adhyayana kendra jarmana meM vizeSa rUpa se barlina rahA hai| hoephara, lAssana, svIgala, phreDarika hega, ricarDa pizela, alvarTa vebara, I0 vyumana, DaoN. harmana jekobI, DablyU vhiTasana, vAlTara zubiMga, luDaviga AlDorpha, nArmana brAuna, klAsa brahana, gusteva rAtha aura DablyU0 bI0 bolle ityA di jarmana vidvAn hai| videzoM meM pUrva jarmanI meM phrI yunivarsiTI, balina meM prophesara DaoN0 klAsa bruhana (Klaus Bruehn) jaina liTarecara eNDa mAithAlAjI, iNDiyana ArTa eNDa ikonogrAphI kA adhyApana-kArya kara rahe haiN| unake sahayogI DaoN0 candrabhAI bI0 tripAThI buddhisTa jaina liTarecara tathA DaoN. monIkA jArDana 'jaina liTarecara' kA adhyApana kArya karane meM pravRtta haiN| penisilavAniyA yunivarsiTI meM nArmana brAuna ke nirdezana meM prAkRta tathA jaina sAhitya para anusandhAna-kArya cala rahA hai| isI prakAra yunivarsiTI Apha kembrija meM ke0 Ara0 nArmana adhyApana-kArya kara rahe haiN| lIDana yunivarsiTI meM prophesara epha0 bI0 je0 kyupara bhI isa dizA meM pravartamAna haiN| prAcya-vidyAoM kI bhA~ti jainavidyAoM kA bhI dUsarA mahatvapUrNa adhyayana kendra phrAnsa thaa| phrAMsIsI vidvAnoM meM sarvaprathama ullekhanIya hai-gyurinATa / unakA mahattvapUrNa grantha 'ese Di bibliyAgrAphi jaina' perisa se 1606 I0 meM prakAzita huaa| isameM vibhinna jaina viSayoM se sambandhita 852 prakAzanoM ke sandarbha nihita haiN| 'jainoM kA dharma' pustaka unakI pustakoM meM sarvAdhika cacita rhii| yathArtha meM phrAMsIsI vidvAn vizeSakara aitihAsika tathA purAtAttvika viSayoM para zodha va anusandhAna kArya karate rhe| unhoMne isa dizA meM jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye, ve Aja bhI ullekhanIya haiN| gyurinATa ne jaina abhilekhoM ke aitihAsika mahattva para vizeSa rUpa se prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne jaina grantha sUcI nirmANa ke sAtha hI una para TippaNa tathA saMgrahoM kA bhI vivaraNa prastuta kiyA thaa|' vAstava meM sAhityika tathA aitihAsika anusandhAna meM grantha-sUciyoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| yadyapi 1867 I0 meM jarmana vidvAn arnesTa lyupana ne 'e lisTa Ava da mainyuskripTsa ina da lAyabrerI eTa sTrAsavarga' viyenA oriyanTala jarnala, jilda 11, pR0 276 meM do sau hastalikhita digambara jaina granthoM kA paricaya diyA thA, kintu gyurinATa ke pazcAt isa dizA meM klATa (Klatt) ne mahAna kArya kiyA thaa| unhoMne jaina granthoM kI lagabhaga 1100-1200 pRSThoM meM mudrita hone yogya anukramaNikA taiyAra kI thI, kintu durbhAgya se usa kArya ke pUrNa hone ke pUrva hI unakA nidhana ho gyaa| vebara aura arnesTa lyumana ne 'iNDiyana enTikverI' meM usa bRhat saMkalana ke lagabhaga 55 pRSTha namUne ke rUpa meM mudrita karAe the| bhAratavarSa meM isa prakAra kA kArya sarvaprathama baMgAla kI eziyATika sosAyaTI ke mAdhyama se prakAza meM aayaa| 1877 I0 meM rAjendralAla mizra ne 'e DiskripTiva keTalAga Av saMskRta mainyuskripTsa ina da lAibrerI Av da eziyATika sosAyaTI Av beMgAla' kalakattA se prakAzita kiyA thA, jisameM kucha prAkRta tathA apabhraMza granthoM ke nAma bhI milate haiN| mukhya rUpa se isa mahattvapUrNa kArya kA prArambha isa kSetra meM bhaNDArakAra ke prakAzita 'lisTsa Av saMskRta mainyuskriSTsa ina prAiveTa lAibrerIja ina da bAmbe presIDensI' grantha se mAnA jAtA hai| isI zRMkhalA meM supArzvadAsa gupta dvArA sampAdita 'e keTalAga Av saMskRta, prAkRta eNDa hindI varksa ina da jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA' (1916 I0) evaM dalAla aura lAlacandra ma. gAMdhI dvArA 1. draSTavya hai : 'da kanTribyuzana Ava phrenca eNDa jarmana skAlarsa Tu jaina sTaDIja' zIrSaka lekha, prakAzita AcArya bhikSa smRti-grantha, kalakattA, 1961, pR0 166 2. munizrI hajArIlAla smRti-grantha meM prakAzita, gopAlanArAyaNa bahurA kA lekha 'jaina vAGamaya ke yorapIya saMzodhaka', pR0 747-48 draSTavya hai|
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________________ 482 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa .... . .................................................................. sampAdita 'keTalAga Av mainyuskripTsa ina jaisalamera bhANDArAja' gAyakavAr3a o0 sI0, bar3audA (1923 I0), 'rAyabahAdura hIrAlAla-keTalAga Av saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskripTsa ina da sI0 pI0 eNDa barAra, nAgapura, 1636 I0 Adi ullekhanIya haiM / Adhunikatama khojoM ke AdhAra para isa dizA meM kucha adhika mahattvapUrNa grantha-sUciyoM kA nirmANa huA, jinameM eca0 DI0 velaNakara kA 'keTalAga Av prAkRta mainyuskripTsa, jilda 3-4, bambaI (1930 I.) tathA 'jinaratnakoza', pUnA (1944 I0), hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApar3iyA kA 'DiskripTiva keTalAga Av mainyuskripTsa ina da gavarnamenTa mainyuskripTsa lAibrerI, bhaNDArakara o0 ri0 I0, pUnA' (1954 I0), DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla kA 'rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha-sUcI, bhA0 1-5' tathA muni jinavijayajI ke 'e keTalAga Ava saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskripTsa ina da rAjasthAna o0 ri0 iM0, jodhapura kalekzana' evaM muni puNyavijayajI ke pATana ke jaina bhaNDAroM kI grantha-sUciyA~ atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiM / apabhraMza ke jaina granthoM kI prakAzita evaM aprakAzita hastalikhita granthoM kI sUcI ke lie lekhaka kI bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita pustaka 'apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha-pravRttiyA~ paThanIya hai, jisameM apabhraMza se sambandhita sabhI prakAra kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| vAstava meM jarmana vidvAn vAlTara zubiMga ne sarvaprathama jana hastalikhita granthoM kI bRhat sUcI taiyAra kI thI jo 1944 I0 meM lipajiga se prakAzita huI aura jisameM 1127 jaina hastalikhita granthoM kA pUrNa vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| yaha sabase mahattvapUrNa kArya mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra ke kAryoM se hI zodha va anusandhAna kI dizAe~ vibhinna rUpoM ko grahaNa kara skiiN| Adhunika yuga meM prAkRta tathA apabhraMza viSayaka zodha-kArya mukhya rUpa se tIna dhArAoM meM pravAhita rahA hai(1) sAhityika adhyayana (2) sAMskRtika adhyayana aura (3) bhASAvaijJAnika adhyayana / sAhityika adhyayana ke antargata jaina Agama-sAhitya kA adhyayana pramukha hai| yaha eka asandigdha tathya hai ki Adhunika yuga meM jainAgamoM kA bhalIbhAMti adhyayana kara unako prakAza meM lAne kA zreya jaramana vidvAnoM ko hai / yadyapi saMskRta ke katipaya jaina granthoM kA adhyayana unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM hone lagA thA, kintu prAkRta meM tathA apabhraMza sAhitya kA sAMgopAMga adhyayana DaoN.harmana jekobI se Arambha hotA hai / DA0 jekobI ne kaI prAkRta jaina granthoM kA sampAdana kara una para mahatvapUrNa TippaNa likhe| unhoMne sarvaprathama zvetAmbara jainAgama-grantha "bhavagatIsUtra" kA sampAdana kara 1868 I0 meM prakAzita kiyA / ' taduparAnta "kalpasUtra" (1876 I0), "AcArAMgasUtra" (1885 I0), "uttarAdhyayanasUtra" (1886 I0) Adi granthoM para zodha-kArya kara sampAdita kiyaa| isI samaya sAhityika granthoM meM jaina kathAoM kI ora DaoN0 jekobI kA dhyAna gayA / san 1881 I0 meM "upamitibhavaprapaMcakathA" kA saMskaraNa prakAzita huaa| isake pUrva "kathAsaMgraha' 1886 I0 meM prakAzita ho cukA thA / "paumacariyaM", "NemiNAhacariu". aura "saNayakumAracariu" kramazaH 1614, 1921, 21 meM prakAzita hue / isI adhyayana kI zRMkhalA meM apabhraMza kA pramukha kathAkAvya "bhavisayattakahA" kA prakAzana san 1918 meM prathama bAra macana (jarmanI) se huaa| isa prakAra jaramana vidvAnoM ke athaka prayatna, parizrama tathA lagAtAra zodhakAryoM meM saMlagna rahane ke parimAmasvarUpa hI jaina vidyAoM meM zodha va anusandhAna ke nae AyAma utmukta ho sake haiN| AlsaDorpha ne "kumArapAlapratibodha" (1928 I0), harivaMzapurANa (mahApurANa ke antargata), (1636 I0), uttarAdhyayanasUtra, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA (1980) Adi granthoM kA susampAdana kara prAkRta tathA apabhraMza sAhitya para mahAna kArya kiyaa| vAlTara zubriga ne 'dasaveyAliyasutta-dazavakAlikasUtra" kA eka sundara saMskaraNa tathA aMgrejI anuvAda taiyAra kiyA jo 1632 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huaa| unake dvArA hI sampAdita "isibhAsiya" bhA0 2(1643 I0) prakAzita huaa| zubriga aura ketlaTa ke sampAdana meM tIna chedasUtra "AyAradasAo, vavahAra aura nisIha" 1666 I0 meM hembarga se prakAzita hue| isI prakAra je. epha. kola kA "sUrya prajJapti" (1637 I0), DablU, kiphela kA "jambUdvIpaprajJapti" (1637 I0), hamma kA ' gIyatthabihAra" (mahAnizItha kA chaThA adhyayana) (1948 I.), klAsa kA "cauppanamahApurisa cariyaM" (1955 ii0|, nArmana kA ' sthAnAMgasUtra"2 (1956), AlsaDorpha kA "itthiparinA" (1958 I0) e0 Uno 1. epha. viesiMgara : jaramana iNDAlAjI-pAsTa eNDa prijenTa, bambaI, 1966, pR0 21 2. saMskRta eNDa elAiDa eNDolAjikala sTaDIja ina yUropa, 1956, pR0 66 .
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________________ apabhraMza sAhitya-paramparA 483. . .................................................................... .... kA "pravacanasAra" (1966 I0) tathA TI* hanAkI kA "anuyogadvArasUtra" (1970) ityAdi / 1925 I0 meM kiraphala (Kirfel) ne upAMga "jIvAjIvAbhigama" ke sambandha meM pratipAdana kara yaha batAyA thA ki vastutaH yaha "jambUdvIpaprajJapti" se sambaddha hai / san 1926 meM vAlTara zubriga ne apanI pustaka "vorta mahAvIrAja" ke paricaya meM jainAgamoM ke udbhava vikAsa ke sAtha hI unakA sAhityika mUlyAMkana bhI kiyA thaa| san 1926 meM hembarga meM kAmpatja (Kamptz), ne Agamika prakIrNakoM ko lekara zodhopAdhi hetu apanA zodha-prabandha prastuta kara DAkTareTa prApta kI thii| jainAgama ke TIkA-sAhitya para sarvekSaNa kA kArya arnesTa lyumana ne bahuta hI parizramapUrvaka kiyA thA, kintu ve use pUrNa nahIM kara kara sake / anantara "overazciTa overa di Avazyaka liTarecara" ke rUpa meM vAlTara zubiMga ne 1924 meM hembarga se prakAzita kiyaa| isa prakAra jainAgama tathA jaina sAhitya kI zodha-paramparA ke puraskartA jaramana vidvAn rahe haiN| Aja bhI vahA~ zodha va anusandhAna kA kArya gatimAna hai / san 1935 meM pheDegana (Faddegon) ne suprasiddha digambara jainAcArya kundakunda ne "pravacanasAra" kA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA thaa| isa saMskaraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki AcArya amRtacandra kI "tattvapradIpikA" TIkA, vyAkhyA va TippaNoM se yaha alaMkRta hai| aise anuvAdoM kI kamI Aja bahuta khaTaka rahI hai| isa taraha ke prakAzana kI ora hamArA dhyAna jAnA cAhie / vartamAna yuga meM samyak dizA meM samyak kArya honA nitAnta apekSita hai| - sAhityika vidhAoM meM jaina kathA-sAhitya para sarvaprathama DaoN. jekobI ne prakAza DAlA thaa| isa dizA meM pramukha rUpa se arnesTa lyumana ne pAdaliptasUri kI "taraMgavatIkathA" kA jarmana bhASA meM sundara anuvAda "dAi nona' (Die Nonne) ke nAma se 1921 I0 meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| tadanantara harTela ne jaina kathAoM para mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| klAsa buhana ne "zIlAMka ke cauppanamahApurisacariyaM" para zodhopAdhi prApta kara san 1954 meM use hembarga se prakAzina kiyaa| Ara0 viliyamsa ne "maNipaticarita" ke do rUpoM ko prastuta kara mUla grantha kA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyaa| isa taraha samaya-samaya para jaina kathA sAhitya para zodha-kArya hotA rahA hai| . jaina-darzana ke adhyayana kI paramparA hamArI jAnakArI ke anusAra Adhunika kAla meM albrekhta vebara ke "phegamenTa Ava bhagavatI" ke prakAzana se 1867 I0 se mAnanA caahie| kadAcit eca0 eca0 vilsana ne sarvaprathama "e skeca Ava da rilIjiyasa sekTsa Ava da hindUja" (jilda 1, landana), (1862 I.) pustaka meM jainadharma tathA jainadarzana kA ullekha kiyA thaa| kintu usa samaya taka yahI mAnA jAtA thA ki jainadharma hindUdharma kI eka zAkhA hai| kintu vebara, jekobI, glAsanepa Adi jaramana vidvAnoM ke zodha va anusandhAna kAryoM se yaha tathya nizcita va sthira ho gayA ki jainadharma eka svatantra darzana va maulika paramparA hai / isa dRSTi se DaoN0 helmutha vAna glAsanapa kI pustaka "da DAkTrAina Ava karmana ina jaina philAsaphI" atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai jo san 1942 meM bambaI se prakAzita huI thii| aitihAsika dRSTi se jImara aura smitha ke kArya vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM / epha0 DalbyU 0 thAmasa ne A0 hemacandra kRta "syAdvAdamaMjarI" kA bahuta sundara aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA jo 1960 I0 meM balina se prakAzita huaa| 1963 I0 meM Ara0 viliyamsa ne svatantra rUpa se "jaina yoga" para pustaka likhI jo 1963 I0 meM landana se prakAzita huI / koleTa kellaTa ne jainoM ke zrAvaka tathA muni AcAra viSayaka eka mahattvapUrNa pustaka "lesa eksapiezansa DAnsa le ricuala enziyana Desa rilijiyaksa jaina" likhakara 1965 I0 meM perisa se prakAzita kI / vAstava meM ina saba viSayoM para isa laghu nibandha meM likha pAnA sambhava nahIM hai / kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki paramANuvAda se lekara vanaspati, rasAyana Adi vividha viSayoM kA jainAgamoM meM jahA~ kahIM ullekha huA hai, unako dhyAna meM rakhakara vibhinna vidvAnoM ne patra-patrikAoM ke sAtha hI vizvakozoM meM bhI unakA vivaraNa dekara zodha va anusandhAna kI dizAoM ko prazasta kiyA hai| unameM se jainoM ke digambara sAhitya va darzana para jaramanI vidvAn vAlTara Deneke (Walter Denecke) ne apane zodha-prabandha meM 1. prosIDiMgsa Av da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, pUnA yUnivarsiTI, 1970, pR0 210 2. vahI, pR0 210 3. vahI, pRSTha 211
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________________ .0 O 484 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha paMcama khaNDa digambara Agamika granthoM kA bhASA va viSayavastu donoM rUpoM meM paryAlocana kiyA thaa| unakA prabandha san 1923 meM hembarga se "digambara TeksTe Ina dAtila iharera prAunDa inhAlTsa" ke nAma se prakAzita huA thaa|" : bhAratIya vidvAnoM meM DaoN0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, hIrAlAla jaina, paM0 becaradAsa dozI, DaoN0 prabodha paNDita, siddhAntAcArya 10 kailAzacandra, siddhAntacArya, paM0 phUlacandra DaoN0 nemicandra zAstrI, paM0 sukhalAlajI saMpanI, paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, DaoN0 ema0 sI0 bhAyAgI, DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra, DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina, DaoN0 premasumana aura lekhaka ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| DaoN0 upAdhye ne eka darjana prAkRta granthoM kA sampAdana kara kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA / apabhraMza ke 'paramAtmaprakAza" kA sampAdana Apane hI kiyA / " pravacanasAra" aura "tiloyapaNNatti' jaise granthoM kA saphala sampAdana kA zreya Apako hai| sAhityika tathA dArzanika donoM prakAra ke granthoM kA Apane sundara sampAdana kiyaa| AcArya siddhasena ke "sammatisUtra" kA bhI sundara saMskaraNa Apane prastuta kiyA, jo bambaI se prakAzita huaa| prAcya vidyAoM ke kSetra meM ApakA maulika evaM abhUtapUrva yogadAna rahA hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina aura siddhAntAcArya paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI ne mahAn saiddhAntika grantha dhavalA, jayadhavalA Adi kA sampAdana va anuvAda kara use janasulabha banAyA / apabhraMza granthoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina, pI0 ela0 vaidya, DaoN0 harivallabha cunnIlAla bhAyASI paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI, DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina, DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina aura DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI kI hai| pa0 paramAnanda jaina zAstrI ke jaina pranva prazasti-saMgraha" ke pUrva taka apabhraMza kI lagabhaga 25 racanAoM kA patA calatA thA, kintu unake prazasti-saMgraha prakAzita hone se 126 racanAe~ prakAza meM A gii| lekhaka ne "apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRtiyoM meM apabhraMza ke ajJAta evaM aprakAzita granthoM ke aMza uddhRta kara lagabhaga cAra sau apabhraMza ke granthoM ko prakAzita kara diyA hai| jina ajJAta va aprakAzita racanAoM ko pustaka meM sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA, unameM se kucha nAma haiM (1) zItalanAthakathA (zrI di0 jaina mandira, ciyAmaMDI, mathurA) (2) ravivAsarakavA madhu (zrI di0 jaina mandira, kAmA), (3) AdityavArakathA-arjuna (zrI di0 jaina paMcAyatI mandira, dillI) / inake atirikta IDara va nAgaura ke jaina bhaNDAroM meM pAI jAne vAlI mahatvapUrNa apabhraMza racanAoM kI bhI jAnakArI milI hai una saba ko sammilita karake Aja apabhraMza-sAhitya kI choTI-bar3I sabhI racanAoM ko milAkara usakI saMkhyA pAMca sau taka pahu~ca gaI hai| zodha va anusandhAna kI dizAoM meM Aja eka bahuta bar3A kSetra vidvAnoM kA rAha joha rahA hai| zodha kArya kI kamI nahIM hai, dhamapUrvaka kArya karane vAle vidvAnoM kI kamI hai| vigata tIna dazakoM meM jahA~ prAkRta vyAkaraNoM ke kaI saMskaraNa prakAzita hue, vahIM ricarDa pizela, silvAlevI aura DaoN0 kItha ke antarnirIkSaNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa saMskRta ke nATakoM meM prAkRta kA mahatvapUrNa yoga prasthApita huA / Ara0 zmita ne zaurasenI prAkRta ke sambandha meM usake niyamoM kA ( elImenTarabukha dera zaurasenI, hanovara 1924), jArja griyarsana ne paizAcI prAkRta kA, DaoN0 jekobI tathA AlsaDorpha ne mahArASTrI tathA jaina mahArATrI kA aura DablyU0 I0 banarjI aura zAstrI ne mAgadhI kA (da evolyuzana Av mAgadhI, AksathA bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTi se niti DolI kA vidvattApUrNa kArya lesa J klArka ne mAgadhI aura arddhamAgadhI kA evaM e phorDa, 1912) vizeSa adhyayana prastuta kiyA + 1. prAkRta sTaDIja AuTasAiDa iNDiyA (1920-66 ) zIrSaka lekha esa0 DI0 ladda uu, prosIDiAsa Av da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, pUnA yunivarsiTI, 1670, pR0 206 DaoN devendrakumAra zAstrI : apabhraMga bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodhapravRttiyA~, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana 1972; tathA draSTavya hai DaoN0 devendrakumAra zAstrI bhASAzAstra tathA hindI bhASA kI rUparekhA, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI /
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________________ apana za sAhitya-paramparA 485 .................................................. . . ... . .. .... ameriyansa prAkRtsa" (perisa, 1938) prAyaH sabhI bhASika aMgoM para prakAza DAlane vAlA hai| nitti DolcI ne puruSottama ke "prAkRtAnuzAsana" perisa, 1938) tathA rAmazarman tarkavAgIza ke "prAkRtakalpataru" (perisa, 1939) kA sundara saMskaraNa taiyAra kara phrAMsIsI anuvAda sahita prakAzita kraayaa| vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se sabase mahatvapUrNa kArya ricarDa pizela kA "gremeTika deara prAkRta-zprAkhana" adbhuta mAnA jAtA hai, jisakA prakAzana 1600 I0 meM sTrAsabarga se huaa| ___ idhara bhASAvijJAna kI kaI navIna pravRttiyoM kA janma tathA vikAsa huaa| pariNAmataH bhASAzAstra ke vibhinna AyAmoM kA prakAzana huaa| unameM dhvanivijJAna. padavijJAna, vAkyavijJAna tathA zabda vyutpatti va zabdakozI adhyayana pramukha kahe jAte haiM / dhvanivijJAna viSayaka adhyayana karane vAloM meM "miDila-iNDo-Aryana" ke upasarga, pratyaya, dhvani. viSayaka paddhati tathA bhASika uccAroM Adi kA vizleSaNa kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra ke adhyayana karane vAloM meM pramukha rUpa se Ara0 ela0 Tarnara, ela. e0 svAjarsa cAilDa, jArja esa0 lena, ke0 Ara0 nArmana ke nAma lie jA sakate haiN| ela0 AlsaDorpha ne navya bhAratI Arya-bhASAoM ke udgama para bahua acchA adhyayana kiyA jo rUpa-racanA viSayaka hai / luipa eja0 gre ne 'Abjarvezansa Ana miDila iNDiyana mArkolAjI" (buleTina skUla Av oriyanTala sTaDIja, landana, jilda 8, pR0 563-77, san 1935-37) meM saMskRta va vaidika saMskRta ke rUpa-sAdRzyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara unakI samAnatA va kAryoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai / isa bhASAvaijJAnika zAkhA para kArya karane vAle ullekhanIya vidvAnoM va bhASAzAstriyoM ke nAma haiM-jyUla blAsa eDajarTana, e0 svArsa cAilDa, ke0 Ara0 nArmana, esa. ena. ghoSAla, DA0 ke0 DI0 bIsa / / __ vAkya-vijJAna kI dRSTi se adhyayana karane vAle vidvAnoM meM mukhya rUpa se DaoN0 ke0 DI0 vIsa, eca0 hendrika sena, pisAnI Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / isa adhyayana ke pariNAmasvarUpa kaI mahatvapUrNa tathya prakAza meM Ae / eca0 hendrikasena ne apane eka lekha "e sinTekTika rUla ina pAlI eNDa arddha mAgadhI" ke prayoga kI vRddhiMgata pA~ca avasthAoM kA udghATana kiyA hai / ke0 amRtarAva, DaoN. ke. DI. vIsa, DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI, kuipara Adi ne prAkRta para para dravir3a tathA anya Aryetara bhASAoM ke prabhAva kA adhyayana kiyaa| bhASAkozIya tathA vyutpattimUlaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se DablyU0 ena0 brAuna kA adhyayana mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai jinhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta-mahArASTrI prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke sambandha meM san 1932 meM kozIya TippaNiyA~ likhI thIM aura 1935-37 I0 meM "gaurIzaMkara ojhA smRtigrantha" meM "sama leksikala meTariyala ina jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta" nibandha meM vIradevagaNi ne ke 'mahIpAlacarita" se zabdakozIya vivaraNa prastuta kiyA thA / gre ne apane zodhapUrNa nibandha meM jo ki "phipTIna prAkRta-iNDo-yuropiyana eTimolAjIja" zIrSaka se jarnala Av da amerikana oriyanTala sosAyaTI (60, 361-69) meM san 1940 meM prakAzita huA thA / apane isa nibandha meM gre mahodaya ne yaha pramANita karane kA prayatna kiyA thA ki prAkRta ke kucha zabda yAropIya parivAra ke videzI zabda haiM / kola, je0 blAkha, Ara0 ela0 Tarnara, gusteva rAtha, kuipara, ke0 Ara0 nArmana, DaoN. sunItikumAra caTarjI Adi bhASA-vaijJAnikoM ne zabda-vyutpatti kI dRSTi se paryApta anuzIlana kiyA / vAkaranAgala ne prAkRta ke zabda kA vyutpatti kI dRSTi se acchA adhyayana kiyaa| isI prakAra saMskRta para prAkRta kA prabhAva darzAne vAle nibandha bhI samaya-samaya para prakAzita hote rahe / unameM se gAigara smRti-grantha meM prakAzita eca0 oraTela kA nibandha "prAkRtisijma ina chAndogyopaniSad" (lipajiga, 1631) tathA e0 sI0 vUlanara ke "prAkRta eNDa nAna-Aryana sTreTA ina da vAkebularI Ava saMskRta" (AzutoSa memoriyala 1. prosIDiMgsa Ava da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, pUnA yunivarsiTI, 1670, pR0 223. 2. vahI, pR0 23.
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________________ 486 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa vAlyuma, paTanA, 1928),je0 blAkha ke kaI nibandha aura emenyu ke nibandha "da DAyalekTsa Ava iNDo-Aryana," "sama kliyara evIDensa Ava prAkRtisijma ina pANini" mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiN| inake atirikta prAkRta bhASA ke uccAraNa Adi ke sambandha meM tathA dhvanyAtmaka dRSTi se DaoN. griyarsana, svArsa cAilDa tathA emenyu Adi kA adhyayana-vizleSaNa Aja bhI mahatvapUrNa dizA-nirdeza karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra bhASA-vijJAna kI vibhinna zAkhAoM tathA unake vividha pravRttiyoM ke mUlagata svarUpa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI madhyabhAratIya AryabhASAoM aura vizeSakara prAkRta-apabhraMza bhASAoM kA Aja bhI vizeSa adhyayana vizeSa rUpa se upayogI evaM bhASA-bhASika saMsAra meM kaI navIna tathyoM ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai| isa dRSTi se ina bhASAoM kA bahuta kama adhyayana huA hai| itanA avazya hai ki yaha dizA Aja bhI zodha va anusandhAna kI dRSTi se samRddha tathA navIna AyAmoM ko udghATita kara sakatI hai| kAza ! hamArI yuvA pIr3hI isa ora unmukha hokara vizeSa zrama tathA anuzIlana kare, to sAMskRtika adhyayana ke bhI navIna kSitijoM ko pAra kara svaNima vihAna lAyA jA sakatA hai| 1. prosIDiMgsa Ava da seminAra ina prAkRta sTaDIja, pUnA yunivarsiTI, 1970, pR0 225-26.