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________________ ..-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. -. -.-.-. -.-. -.-.-. -.-.-.-.. aparigrahavAda: Arthika samatA kA AdhAra DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina 'premI' [prAdhyApaka, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM (rAja.)] bhagavAn mahAvIra ne loka-kalyANa ke lie ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha.... ina pAMca vratoM ke pAlana para vizeSa bala diyaa| ina pA~coM kA hama cAhe jo bhI nAma de deM-sabhI meM ahiMsA vyApta hai aura aparigraha ko ahiMsA kA merudaNDa mAnA gayA hai| aparigraha ko binA apanAye ahiMsA kA samyak AcaraNa sambhava nhiiN| bAhya aura Antarika donoM prakAra kI hiMsA ke tyAga se hI pUrNa ahiMsA kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai / isalie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bAhara kI hiMsA se bacane ke lie 'prema tattva' diyA to dUsarI ora bhItarI hiMsA ko rokane ke lie 'aparigraha tattva' / vaise antaraMga aura bhAvanAtmaka dRSTi se aparigraha ko bhale hI ahiMsA meM garbhita mAna leM, kintu ahiMmA kI paripUrNatA tathA niHzalya hokara apane lakSya kI ora bar3hane ke lie aparigraha ko prArambha se hI pRthak vrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| kArya kSetra tathA bAhya vyavahAra meM bhI bhinnatA ke kAraNa donoM kA pRthak-pRthak rUpa meM pratipAdana Avazyaka thaa| ____ aparigraha zabda parigraha ke niSedha kA sUcaka hai| parigraha zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gaI hai-"pari samantAt moha buddhayA gRhyate yaH sa parigrahaH" arthAt moha (mamatva) buddhi ke dvArA jo (padArthAdi) cAroM ora se grahaNa kiyA jAe vaha parigraha hai / AcArya umAsvAmi ne mUrchA ko parigraha kahA hai| vastutaH mana aura indriyoM kI prakRti caMcala hai / mana meM ananta saMkalpa-vikalpa janma lete rahate haiN| jinakI daur3a asIma hotI hai aura ye sadA nita-navIna icchAoM ko janma detA rahatA hai| sAtha hI dekhA jAya to ye icchAyeM hI parigraha kA mUla kAraNa hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se manuSya ke mana meM sarvaprathama anadhikRta sAmagrI prApti kI icchA hotI hai-ise hama icchArUpa parigraha kaha sakate haiN| isake bAda usake saMgraha kI dizA meM pravRtti hotI hai-yaha saMgraharUpa parigraha hai aura isake sAtha hI sAtha saMgrahIta vastuoM para mamatva sthApita ho jAtA hai taba yahI mamatva Asakti kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai| mamatva jitanA ghanA hotA hai, saMgrahavRtti utanI hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| koI bhI vyakti kitanA hI daridra, bhikhArI yA bAhya rUpa se aparigrahI ho, mamatva bhAva se yukta hone para vaha andara me utanA hI mahAparigrahI ho sakatA hai / isake ThIka viparIta mamatvabhAva se rahita anAsakta vRttivAlA manuSya atula vaibhava ke bIca bhI aparigraha aNuvrata kA dhAraka ho sakatA hai| kyoMki aparigraha kisI vastu ke tyAga kA nAma nahIM apitu kisI vastu meM nihita mamatva (mUrchA) ke tyAga kA nAma hai| yadi vastu ke anAvazyaka saMgraha ko rokanA hai to usa vastu ke tyAga se pUrva usa usa vastu meM nihita mamatva kA tyAga Avazyaka hogaa| yathArthataH vyakti kI AkAMkSAe~ AkAza kI bhA~ti ananta hotI hai, jyoM-jyoM inakI pUrti hone lagatI hai vaise hI lobha aura moha bar3hane lagate haiM aura vaha anaitika rUpa se dhana saMgraha meM saMlagna ho jAtA hai / moha-buddhi ke kAraNa vaha isI meM apanI sampUrNa saphalatA aura sukha mAna baiThatA hai phira use yaha bhAva jAgrata nahIM hotA ki mere isa kSaNika
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________________ 266 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa sukha ke pIche kitanoM ke sukhoM kA galA ghoTA jA rahA hai| vaise AtmarakSA, aindriya sukha, ko anizcitatA Adi aise kAraNa bhI haiM jo atyadhika saMgraha kI pravRtti ko janma dete haiM, kAraNa usake par3osI aura usake nagara tathA dezavAsI anAvagrasta evaM duHkhI raha jAte haiM bAjAra meM Avazyaka vastuoM kA kRtrima abhAva utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| isI se jAtA hai| sukhada bhaviSya aura jIvikA jabaki inhIM manovRttiyoM ke aura inhIM vRttiyoM ke kAraNa mUlyastara lagAtAra bar3hatA hI mAna lIjiye sabhI ke dainika anivArya upayoga kI koI vastu bAjAra meM Ae. koI dhanavAna vyakti hI use pUrA kA pUrA kharIda le to madhyama yA nirdhana varga jo apanI Arthika paristhiti ke kAraNa AvazyakatAnusAra sImita mAtrA meM hI usa vastu ko kharIdakara upayoga meM lAnA cAhatA thA, usase vaha vaMcita kara diyA gyaa| aisI hI aneka sthitiyoM meM viSamatA kA janma hotA hai saMgrahIta vargoM ke viruddha sUjana aura cintana meM jo varga saMparva cala rahA hai, usake jimmedAra saMgrahasIla vyakti aura varga haiN| Aja vizva kI sthiti para dRSTi DAleM to dikhAI degA ki loga vibhinna srotoM se asahaja bhAva se arthopArjana aura saMgraha kI daur3a meM tanmaya ho rahe haiN| isI pravRtti me mAnavamAnava ke bIca viSamatA kI khAI taiyAra kara dii| kyoMki Aja paisA hI pratyeka vyakti aura vastu kA mApadaNDa banakara raha gayA hai| mAnA ki sAmAjika vyavasthA kA AdhAra evaM udarapUrti kA sAdhana dhana hai kintu tRSNA ke vazIbhUta ho jaba sAdhana hI sAdhya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara le tatra usakI prApti ke lie vyakti viveka aviveka, nyAya-anyAya Adi kA bilkula bhI dhyAna nahIM rakhatA aura saMgraha kI vRtti bar3hatI hI jAtI hai| jaba pU~jI kucha ke hI hAtha meM sImita hokara raha jAtI hai taba yahIM se pU~jIvAda kA janma hotA hai jo Arthika viSamatA kA dyotaka hai| yahI Arthika viSamatA, IrSyA dveSa aura vaimanaSyatA ko janma detI hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA (gAthA 1121 ) meM kahA hai- "rAga, lobha aura moha jaba mana meM utpanna hote haiM, taba isa AtmA meM bAhya parigraha grahaNa karane kI buddhi hotI hai / " vastutaH hama abhyasta rahe haiN| bAhara dekhane ke aura usI meM mUcchita haiN| isake pAra hameM kucha dikhatA hI nahIM hai| Azcarya to yahI hai ki hama isa mUrcchA ko hI jAgaraNa mAna baiThate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA--"asaMvibhAgI na hu tassa mokkho" ( dazavaikAlika hai|2|23 ) - jo vyakti bA~Takara nahIM khAtA usake mukti nahIM mila sakatI / vyAvahArika dRSTi se isa siddhAnta ko hama isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM ki jisa rASTra meM prajA ke bIca samAna vitaraNa kI vyavasthA nahIM hai vaha rASTra sahI mAyane meM svatantra nahIM raha sakatA / jaina dharma ke AcAra pakSa meM dAna ke prasaMga meM prayukta "saMvibhAga" zabda samavibhAjana - samAna vitaraNa kA hI dyotaka hai / " parigraha parimANa" nAmaka vrata kA vidhAna bhI parigraha kI sImA nirdhAraNa karane ko kahatA hai / apanI anivArya AvazyakatA ke yogya vastuyeM rakhakara zeSa abhAvagrasta logoM meM vitaraNa karanA parigraha kA parimANa hai| cU~ki gRhastha ko pUrNa rUpa se parigraha se virata rahanA kaThina hai kintu usakA parisImana to nirdhArita kiyA hI jA sakatA hai AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai- jo bAhya ke dasa parigrahoM (kSetra, vastu, dhana, dhAnya, dvipada, catuSpada, zayanAsana, yAna, kupya aura bhANDa) meM mamatA chor3akara nirmamatva meM rata hotA huA mAyA Adi rahita, sthira aura santoSavRtti dhAraNa karane meM tatpara hai vaha saMcita parigraha se virakta arthAt parivaha svAga pratimA kA 1 dhAraka dhAvaka hai| eka prajAtAntrika deza kA lakSya samabhAva ke AdhAra para sarvahitakArI sarvodaya samAja kI sthApanA karanA hai| para yaha uttama vyavasthA isalie kAryAnvita nahIM ho pAtI kyoMki logoM kI saMgraha kI pravRtti atyadhika bar3hI huI hai / Aja garIbI amIrI kI bhedarekhA miTAne ke lie samAjavAda sAmyavAda kI carcA calatI hai kintu isake dvArA jina burAiyoM ko miTAne kI bAta hotI hai, usake lie unhIM burAiyoM kA sahArA sAdhana ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai / isa pravRtti ke pArasparika Antarika kalaha AtaMka aura pratizodha jaise bhayaMkara pariNAma sAmane Aye hai| vastutaH lokatantra athavA samAjavAda -- ye do samatAmUlaka samAja kI racanA ke bAhya prayoga haiN| ina mAnava ke Antarika dharAtala (aparigraha kI bhAvanA) para pratiSThita samatA para hI nirbhara hai| meM hI saccI mAnavatA kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| bAhya prayogoM kI saphalatA kyoMki samatAmUlaka samAja .
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________________ * aparigrahavAba : Arthika samatA kA AdhAra 267 samatA kA artha sAmAjika aura rASTrIya sandarbha meM itanA hI hai, ki svastha samAja kI sthApanA hetu pratyeka vyakti ko prakRti-pradatta guNoM ke vikAsa ke samucita avasara prApta hoN| aparigraha Arthika samatA kA kSetra vistRta karatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA-"anAvazyaka saMgraha na karake usakA vitaraNa jana-kalyANa ke lie kro|" dhana saMgraha se apavyaya kI Adata kA vikAsa hotA hai aura naitika mUlyoM para AghAta pahu~catA hai / jIvana meM naitika mUlyoM kA apanA vizeSa mahattva hai, unheM khokara koI bhI vyakti kitanA hI vaibhava prApta kara le, vaha apanI aura samAja kI dRSTi meM gira jAtA hai| gAMdhI yuga ne mAnavatA kI nava racanA ke lie cAra mUlabhUta tattva diye-sarvodaya, satyAgraha, samanvaya aura sAmyayoga / inakI bhI saphalatA aura sArthakatA aparigraha kI nIMva para AdhArita hai / antima tattva sAmyayoga kI vyAkhyA meM vinobA bhAve ne kahA-'amidheyaM paramaM sAmyam" arthAt hamAre cintana kA mukhya viSaya jIvana meM parama sAmya kI pratiSThApanA hai| isake lie prathama Arthika sAmya hai jo pratyeka vyavahAra meM madadagAra hotA hai| dUsarA sAmAjika sAmya hai jisake AdhAra para samAja meM vyavasthA rahatI hai aura tIsarA mAnasika sAmya hai jisase manuSya ke mana kA niyantraNa hotA hai aura jo bahuta jarUrI hai / gAMdhIjI kA TrasTIzipa siddhAnta Arthika asamAnatA ko dUra karane kA mahattvapUrNa sAdhana hai jisake mUla meM aparigrahavAda kI bhAvanA antanihita hai, kintu bhArata meM kucha virodhI vicAradhArAoM aura manovRttiyoM ke kAraNa yaha siddhAnta lAgU nahIM ho sakA / logoM ko isa viSaya meM jAnakArI bhI kama hI hai| TrasTIzipa ke siddhAnta meM mUlabhUta yaha bhAvanA nihita thI ki dhanika apane dhana ke mAlika nahIM, TrasTI haiM / yaha zrama aura pUjI ke bIca kA saMgharSa miTAne, viSamatA aura garIbI haTAne tathA Adarza evaM ahiMsaka samAja kI sthApanA karane meM bahuta sahAyaka hai / kyoMki isake antargata arthavyavasthA meM pUMjIpatiyoM yA mAlikoM ko samAja-hita meM apanA svAmitva chor3akara TrasTI banane kA avasara diyA jAtA hai| vastutaH Arthika samAnatA ke lie kAma karane kA matalaba hai pUjI aura majadUrI ke bIca jhagar3e ko hamezA ke lie miTA denA / __ Ajakala arthazAstra meM eka zabda pracalita hai--pAvarTI lAina (Poverty Line) arthAt garIbI kI rekhaa| isakA artha hai jIvana ke lie Avazyaka tattva jaise bhojana, nivAsa, vastra, cikitsA, zikSA Adi prApta karane ke lie AmadanI kA eka nyUnatama stara anivArya rUpa se honaa| yadi AmadanI isase kama ho jAe to ye mUlabhUta AvazyakatAyeM pUrI nahIM hogii| isa stara ko rASTrIya nyUnatama se nIce AmadanI vAle mAnava-samUha kI garIbI kI rekhA ko sabase nimna kahA jAtA hai| AmadanI ke saMcaya aura kendrIkaraNa ke kAraNa svastha Arthika vikAsa avaruddha huA hai kyoMki isane vikAsa kAryoM meM mAnasika aura bhautika lokasahakAra nahIM hone diyaa| viSamatA meM jo atyadhika tIvratA aura tIkhApana AyA hai, vaha vartamAna audyogika sabhyatA kI dena hai| Arthika viSamatA meM sAmAjika viSamatA bhI jur3a gyii| para aba aura adhika Arthika viSamatA ke nirAkaraNa kA svAbhAvika pariNAma sAmAjika viSamatA ke nirAkaraNa para bhI hogaa| Arthika samatA kA apanA eka svatantra mUlya hai jisakA aparigraha kI bhAvanA se sIdhA sambandha hai| suprasiddha vicAraka aura sAhityakAra jainendra jI ne eka bAra paryuSaNa parva vyAkhyAna mAlA meM kahA thA"padArtha parigraha nahIM, unameM mamatA parigraha hai| samAja meM Aja kitanI viSamatA hai ? eka ke pAsa dhana kA Dhera laga gayA hai, dUsarI ora khAne ko kaura nahIM / aisI sthiti meM ahiMsA kahA~ ? dharma kahA~ ? .--Apa saca mAniye ki hamAre AsapAsa bhUkhe logoM kI bhIr3a ma~DarA rahI ho to usake bIca mahala ke banda kamare meM dharma kA pAlana nahIM ho sktaa|"1 jainendra jI ke ukta vicAra Aja ke sandarbha meM vizeSa preraka haiN| isI taraha upAdhyAya amaramuni jI ne likhA hai ki "garIbI svayaM meM koI samasyA nahIM, kintu amIrI ne use samasyA banA diyA hai| gaDDhA svayaM meM koI bahuta cIja nahIM, kintu pahAr3oM kI asIma U~cAiyoM ne isa dharatI para jagaha-jagaha gaDDhe paidA kara diye haiN| pahAr3a TUTeMge to gaDDhe apane 1. zramaNa" mAsika, janavarI 56, aMka 3, varSa 7 se uddha ta /
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________________ 268 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa Apa bhara jAyeMge / sampatti kA visarjana hogA to garIbI apane Apa dUra hogii|' AcArya guNabhadra ne bahuta sundara likhA hai ki pratyeka ke pAsa eka AzA rUpI gaDDhA hai usameM yadi sAre vizva ko bhI DAla diyA jAya to bhI vaha kone meM aNu ke samAna baiTha jAyegA / kavi kahatA hai ki isa prakAra ke gaDDhe vizva ke sAre prANiyoM ke pAsa eka-eka haiM to phira kisake hisse meM kyA AyegA? yaha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| phira bhI yaha mohI jIva vyartha hI paMcendriyaviSaya-bhogoM kI AkAMkSA karake duHkhI ho rahA hai| isalie AvazyakatA hai nIti aura nyAya se AvazyakatAnusAra dhanopArjana karane, icchAoM tathA vAsanAoM ko niyantrita evaM niyamita karane kI aura isameM aparigrahavAda apanI apratima bhUmikA nibhA sakatA hai| kyoMki svecchApUrvaka sampatti kA sImA niyantraNa karanA eka sAmAjika guNa hai jisakA pariNAma sAmAjika nyAya va upayogI vastuoM kA ucita vitaraNa hai, isI se kamajora varga ko jIne kA avasara milegaa| parigraha kI sImA bA~dhakara calanA eka sarvaprasaraNazIla guNa hai| jo vyakti ke lie satya hai, vahI samudAya ke lie bhI satya hogA cAhe vaha samudAya sAmAjika ho yA rAjanaitika / anAsakti aura aparigraha kI sAdhanA hamAre sAmAjika jIvana meM Arthika samAnatA lA sakatI hai kyoMki aparigraha samAja-dharma evaM samAja-vyavasthA kA sabase bar3A aMga hai aura naitikatA ke AdhAra para samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM aparigrahavAda bahuta prabhAvakArI siddha ho sakatA hai / kyoMki Aja hama samAjavAda lAne kI soceM yA garIbI haTAne ko, aparigraha kI bhAvanA ke binA vAstavika samAjavAda nahIM A sakatA aura na garIbI haTa sakatI hai| __ kabhI-kabhI samAjavAda sthApita karane kA dUsarA hI rUpa dikhAI detA hai| vaha yaha ki sattA aura kAnUna ke dvArA amIrI-garIbI kI bheda-rekhA miTAne kA prayatna calatA hai / taraha-taraha ke kara (Taiksa) lagAkara dhanika aura garIba varga kI bheda-rekhA samApta karanA bhI isakA lakSya hai kintu kyA sattA, kAnUna aura bala-prayoga saccA samAjabAda lA sakatA hai ? kabhI nahIM / binA hRdaya parivartana aura janajAgaraNa ke mAtra kAnUna se kisI bhI samasyA kA sthAyI evaM acchA samAdhAna sambhava nahIM / alakjaMdara solajhenitsIna ne kahA hai-"kAnUna ke zabda itane ThaNDe, itane aupacArika hote haiM ki unakA samAja para koI kalyANakArI prabhAva nahIM ho sakatA / jaba bhI samAja-jIvana ke tantu kAnUnI sambandhoM dvArA bane hote haiM, eka taraha kI madhyastarIya naitikatA samAja meM vyApta rahatI hai aura manuSya ke uttama amikrama paMgu ho jAte haiM, isalie AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki aparigrahavAda jaise siddhAntoM para hone vAlI vArtAoM, vicAroM evaM isake kalyANakArI pariNAmoM ko logoM ke samakSa lAyA jAya, jisase bhAvanAtmaka dRSTi se isa siddhAnta ko vyAvahArika rUpa dene ke lie anukUla vAtAvaraNa banAkara janamAnasa ko udvelita kiyA jAya tAki samatA ke sudRr3ha dharAtala kA nirmANa ho ske| jaina prakAza, 8 apraila, 1966 ke pR0 11 se uddhRta / AzA garta: pratiprANi yasmin vizvamaNUpamam / kasya ki kiyadAyAti vRthA vai viSayaiSitA / / sarvodaya sAhitya (sarva sevA saMgha, vArANasI) ke maI-jUna, 1976 ke aMka se uddhR ta /