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________________ anusandhAnameM pUrvAgrahamukti Avazyaka : kucha prazna aura samAdhAna prAgvRtta ___ 'zramaNa' ke sampAdakane 'jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana' kI samIkSAmeM kucha aisI bAteM kahI hai, jinakA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai / yadyapi samIkSakako samIkSA karanekI pUrI svatantratA hotI hai, kintu use yaha bhI anivArya hai ki vaha pUrvAgrahase mukta rahakara samIkSyake guNa-doSoMkA paryAlocana kre| yahI samIkSAkI maryAdA hai| jJAtavya hai ki samIkSita granthake zodha-nibandha aura anusandhAnapUrNa prastAvanAeM Ajase lagabhaga 39 vaSa pUrva (san 1942 se 1977 taka) 'anekAnta', 'jaina siddhAnta-bhAskara' Adi patroM tathA nyAyadIpikA, AptaparIkSA Adi granthoMmeM prakAzita haiN| kintu vigata varSoM meM 'zramaNa' ke sampAdaka yA anya kisI vidvAnne unapara koI pratikriyA prakaTa nahIM kI / aba unhoMne ukta samIkSAmeM granthake kucha lekhoMke viSayoMpara pratikriyA vyakta kI hai / parantu usameM anusandhAna aura gaharAIkA nitAnta abhAva hai| hameM prasannatA hotI, yadi ve pUrvAgrahase mukta hokara zodha aura gambhIratAke sAtha use prastuta karate / yahA~ unake uThAye praznoM athavA muddoMpara vicAra kruuNgaa| 1. prazna 1 aura usakA samAdhAna : sampAdakakA prathama prazna hai ki 'samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA Adi kRtiyoMmeM kumArila, dharmakIrti AdikI mAnyatAoMkA khaNDana honese usake AdhArapara samantabhadrako hI unakA paravartI kyoM na mAnA jAye ?' smaraNa rahe ki hamane 'kumArila aura samantabhadra' zIrSaka zodha nibandhameM sapramANa yaha prakaTa kiyA hai ki samantabhadrakI kRtiyoM (vizeSatayA AptamImAMsA) kA khaNDana kumArila aura dharmakotike granthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| ataeva samantabhadra ukta donoM granthakAroMse pUrvavartI haiM, paravartI nhiiN| yahA~ hama punaH usIkA vicAra kreNge| hama praznakartAse pUchate haiM ki ve batAyeM, kumArila aura dharmakItikI svayaMkI ve kauna-sI mAnyatAe~ haiM jinakA samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsA Adi kRtiyoMmeM khaNDana hai ? isake samarthana meM praznakArane eka bhI udAharaNa prastuta nahIM kiyaa| isake viparIta donoM graMthakAroMne samantabhadrakI hI AptamImAMsAgata mAnyatAoMkA khaNDana kiyA hai| yahA~ hama donoM graMthakAroMke granthoMse kucha udAharaNa upasthita karate haiN| samantabhadra dvArA anumAnase sarvajJa-siddhi : (1) jainAgamoM tathA kundakundake pravacanasAra Adi granthoM meM sarvajJakA svarUpa to diyA gayA hai paraMtu 1. anekAnta, varSa 5, kiraNa 12, I0 1945, jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra pari0, pR0 538, vIrasevA mandira TrasTa, vArANasI-5, jUna 1980 / / 2. (ka) savvaloe savvajIve sabvabhAve samma samaM jANadi passadi""-Sadakha0 5 / 5 / 98 / (kha) se bhagavaM arihaM jiNo kevalI samvanna savvabhAvadarisI'savvaloe samvajIvANaM savvaM bhAvAI jANamANo paasmaanno| -AvArAM0 sU0 2 zru03 3. pravaca0 sA0, 1147, 48, 49, kundakunda-bhAratI, phalTana, 1970 / -379
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________________ anumAnase usakI siddhi unameM upalabdha nahIM hotii| jaina dArzanikoMmeM hI nahIM, bhAratIya dArzanikoMmeM bhI samantabhadra hI aise prathama dArzanika evaM tAkika haiM, jinhoMne AptamImAMsA (kA0 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) meM anumAnase sAmAnya tathA vizeSa sarvajJakI siddhi kI hai / samantabhadra ne sarvaprathama kahA ki sabhI tIrtha-pravartakoM (sarvajJoM) aura unake samayoM (AgamoM-upadezoMmeM) paraspara virodha honese saba sarvajJa nahIM haiM, 'kazcideva'-koI hI (eka) guru (sarvajJa) honA caahie|' 'usa ekakI siddhi kI bhUmikA bA~dhate hue unhoMne Age (kA0 4 meM) kahA ki 'kimI vyaktimeM doSoM aura AvaraNoMkA niHzeSa abhAva (dhvaMsa) ho jAtA hai kyoMki unakI taratamatA (nyUnAdhikatA) pAyI jAtI hai, jaise suvarNameM tApana, kUTana Adi sAdhanoMse usake bAhya (kAlimA) aura Abhyantara (kITa) donoM prakArake maloMkA abhAva ho jAtA hai|' isake pazcAt ve (kA. 5 meM) kahate haiM ki 'sUkSmAdi padArtha kisIke pratyakSa hai, kyoMki ve anumeya haiM, jaise agni Adi / ' isa anumAnase sAmAnya sarvajJakI siddhi kI gayI hai| ve vizeSa sarvajJakI bhI siddhi karate hae (kA06 va 7 meM) kahate haiM ki 'he vIra jina ! arhana ! vaha sarvajJa Apa hI haiM, kyoMki Apa nirdoSa haiM aura nirdoSa isa kAraNa haiM, kyoMki Apake vacanoM (upadeza) meM yukti tathA AgamakA' virodha nahIM hai, jabaki dUsaroM (ekAntavAdI AptoM) ke upadezoMmeM yukti evaM Agama donoMkA virodha hai, taba ve sarvajJa kaise kahe jA sakate haiM ?' isa prakAra samantabhadrane anumAnase sAmAnya aura vizeSa sarvajJa kI siddhi kI hai| aura isalie anumAna dvArA sarvajJa siddha karanA AptamImAMsAgata samantabhadrakI mAnyatA hai / vAdirAja aura zubhacandradvArA usakA samarthana Aja se eka hajAra varSa pUrva (I0 1025) ke prasiddha tarkagranthakAra vAdirAjasUgni' bhI use (anumAnadvArA sarvajJa siddha karaneko) samantabhadra ke devAgama (AptamImAMsA) kI mAnyatA prakaTa kI hai| pArzvanAthacaritameM samantabhadrake vismayAvaha vyaktitvakA ullekha karate hue unhoMne unake devAgama dvArA sarvajJake pradarzana kA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai| isI prakAra A0 zubhacandra ne bhI devAgama dvArA deva (sarvajJa) ke Agama (siddhi) ko batalAyA hai| ina asandigdha pramANoMse spaSTa hai ki anumAnase sarvajJakI siddhi karanA samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsAkI tIrthakRtsamayAnAM ca parasparavirodhataH / sarveSAmAptatA nAsti kazcideva bhavaMda guruH / / 3 / / doSAvaraNayorhAninizzeSAstyatizAyanAt / kvacidyathA svahetubhyo bahirantarmalakSayaH / / 4 / / sUkSmAntaritadUrArthAH pratyakSAH kasyacidyathA / anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvajJa-saMsthitiH / / 5 / / sa tvamevAsi nirdoSo yuktizAstrAvirodhivAk / avirodho yadiSTaM te prasiddhena na bAdhyate / / 6 / / tvanmatAmRtabAhyAnAM sarvathaikAntavAdinAm / AptAbhimAnadagdhAnAM sveSTaM dRSTena bAdhyate / / 8 / / -samantabhadra, AptamI0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 / 2. svAminazcaritaM tasya kasya no vismayAvahama / devAgamena sarvajJo yenAdyApi pradarzyate / -pArzvanAthacari0 1317 3. devAgamana yenAtra vyakto devA''gamaH kRtaH -pANDavapu0 / -380
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________________ niHsandeha apanI mAnyatA hai / aura uttaravartI aneka granthakAra bhI use zatAbdiyoMse unakI hI mAnyatA mAnate cale A rahe haiN| kumArila dvArA khaNDana : aba kumArilakI ora dRSTipAta kreN| kumArilane' sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI prakArake sarvajJakA niSedha kiyA hai / yaha niSedha aura kisIkA nahIM, samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsAkA hai| kumArila bar3e Avegake sAtha prathamataH sAmAnyasarvajJakA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki 'sabhI sarvajJa (tIrtha-pravartaka) paraspara virodhI artha (vastutattva) ke jaba upadeza karane vAle haiM aura jinake sAdhaka hetu samAna (eka-se) haiM, to una saboMmeM usa ekakA nirdhAraNa kaise karoge ki amuka sarvajJa hai aura amuka sarvajJa nahIM hai ?' kumArila usa paraspara-virodhako bhI dikhAte hue kahate haiM ki 'yadi sugata sarvajJa hai, kapila nahIM, to isameM kyA pramANa hai aura yadi donoM sarvajJa haiM, to unameM matabheda kaisaa|' isake alAvA ve aura kahate haiM ki 'prameyatva Adi hetu jisa (sarvajJa) ke niSedhaka haiM, una hetuoMse kauna usa (sarvajJa ) kI kalpanA (siddhi) kregaa|' yahA~ dhyAtavya hai ki samantabhadra ke 'paraspara-virodhataH' padake sthAnameM 'viruddhArthopadeziSu', 'sarveSAM' kI jagaha 'sarveSu' aura 'kazcideva' ke sthAnameM 'ko nAmaikaH' padoMkA kumArilane prayoga kiyA hai aura jisa paraspara virodhakI sAmAnya sUcanA samantabhadrane kI thI, use kumArilane sugata, kapila Adi virodhI tattvopadeSTAoMke nAma lekara vizeSa ullekhita kiyA hai| samantabhadra ne jo sabhI tIrthapravartakoM (sugata Adi) meM paraspara virodha honeke kAraNa 'kazcideva bhaved guruH' zabdoM dvArA koI (eka) ko hI guru-sarvajJa honekA pratipAdana kiyA thA, usa para kumArilane prazna karate hue kahA ki 'jaba sabhI sarvajJa haiM aura viruddhArthopadezI haiM tathA sabake sAdhana hetu ekase haiM, to una sabameMse 'ko nAmaiko'vadhAryatAm-kisa ekakA avadhAraNa (nizcaya) karate ho ?' kumArila kA yaha prazna samantabhadra ke ukta pratipAdanapara hI haA hai / aura unhoMne usa anavadhAraNa (sarvajJake nirNayake abhAva) ko 'sugato yadi sarvajJaH kapilI netikA pramA' Adi kathana dvArA prakaTa bhI kiyA hai / yaha saba Akasmika nahIM hai| yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki samantabhadra ne apane ukta pratipAdanameM kisIke prazna karane ke pUrva hI apanI ukta pratijJA (kazcideva bhavedguruH) ko AptamImAMsA (kA0 4 aura 5) meM anumAna-prayogapUrvaka siddha kiyA hai / jaisA ki Upara kahA jA cukA hai / anumAnaprayogameM unhoMne 'anumeyatva' hetu diyA hai jo sarvajJa sAmAnya1. sarvajJeSu ca bhUyassu viruddhArthopadeziSu / tulyahetuSu sarveSu ko nAmaiko'vadhAryatAm / / sugato yadi sarvajJaH kapilo neti kA prmaa| athAvubhAvapi sarvajJau matabhedaH kathaM tayoH / / pratyakSAdyavisaMvAdi prameyatvAdi yasya ca / sadbhAvavAraNe zaktaM ko nu taM kalpayiSyati / / bauddha vidvAn zAntarakSitane ina kArikAoMmeM prathamakI do kArikAe~ apane tattvasaMgraha (kA0 3148-49) meM kumArilake nAmase dI haiN| dUsarI kArikA vidyAnandane aSTasa0 pR0 5 meM 'taduktam' ke sAtha uddhata kI hai| tIsarI kArikA mImAMsAzlokavAtika (codanAsa0) 132 hai / 2. AptamI0, kA0 4, 5 / -381 -
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________________ kA sAdhaka hai aura jo kisI ekakA nirNAyaka nahIM hai| isIse kumArilane 'tulyahetuSu sarveSu' kaha kara use athavA usa jaise prameyatva Adi hetuoMko sarvajJakA anavadhAraka (anizcAyaka) kahA hai / itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne eka anya kArikAke dvArA samantabhadrake isa 'anumeyatva' hetukI tIvra AlocanA bhI kI hai aura kahA hai ki jo prameyatva Adi hetu sarvajJake niSedhaka haiM, unase sarvajJakI siddhi kaise kI jA sakatI hai? akalaMka dvArA uttara: isakA sabala uttara samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsAke vivRtikAra akalaMkadevane diyA hai| akalaMka kahate haiM ki prameyatva Adi to anumeyatva' hetuke poSaka hai-anumeyatva hetukI taraha prameyatva Adi sarvajJake sadabhAvake sAdhaka haiM, taba kauna samajhadAra una hetuoMse sarva jJakA niSedha yA usake sadbhAvameM sandeha kara sakatA hai|' yaha sArI sthiti batalAtI hai ki kumArilane samantabhadra kA khaNDana kiyA hai, samantabhadra ne kumArilakA nahIM / yadi samantabhadra kumArilake paravartI hote to kumArilake khaNDanakA uttara svayaM samantabhadra dete akalaMkako unakA javAba denekA avasara nahIM AtA tathA samantabhadrake 'anumeyatva' hetu kA samarthana karanekA bhI unheM maukA nahIM milatA (2) anumAnase sarvajJa-sAmAnyakI siddhi karaneke uparAnta samantabhadrane anumAnase hI sarvajJa-vizeSakI siddhikA bhI upanyAsa karake use 'arhanta meM paryavasita kiyA hai / jaisA ki hama Upara AptamImAMsA kArikA 6 aura 7 ke dvArA dekha cuke haiN| kumArilane samantabhadrakI isa vizeSa sarvajJatAkI siddhikA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai" / arhantakA nAma lie binA ve kahate haiM ki 'jo loga jIva (arhanta) ke indriyAdi nirapekSa evaM sUkSmAdi viSayaka kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA) kI kalpanA karate haiM vaha bhI yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha Agamake binA aura Agama kevalajJAnake binA sambhava nahIM hai aura isa taraha anyonyAzraya doSa honeke kAraNa arahantameM bhI sarvajJatA siddha nahIM hotii|' jJAtavya hai ki jaina athavA jainetara paramparAmeM samantabhadrase pUrva kisI dArzanikane anumAnase ukta prakAra vizeSa sarvajJakI siddhi kI ho, aisA eka bhI udAharaNa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| hA~, AgamoMmeM kevalajJAnakA svarUpa avazya vistArapUrvaka milatA hai, jo Agamika hai, AnumAnika nahIM hai / samantabhadra hI aise dArzanika hai, 1. mI0 zlo0 co0 sU0 kA0 132 / 2. 'tadevaM prameyatvasattvAdiryatra hetulakSaNaM puSNAti taM kathaM cetanaH pratiSeddha marhati saMzayituM vA / ' -aSTaza0 kA0 5 / 3. akalaMkake uttaravartI bauddha vidvAn zAntirakSitane bhI kumArilake khaNDanakA javAba diyA hai / unhoMne likhA haievaM yasya prameyatvavastusattvAdilakSaNAH / nihantuM hetavo'zaktAH ko na taM kalpayiSyati / / -tatvasaM0 kA0 885 / 4. AptamI0, kA0 6, 7, vIrasevAmandira-TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI, dvi0 saM0 1978 / 5. evaM yaH kevalajJAnamindriyAdyanapekSiNaH / sUkSmAtItAdiviSayaM jIvasya parikalpitam / / narte tadAgamAtsiddhayet na ca tenAgamo vinaa| -mImAMsA zlo087 / -382
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________________ jinhoMne arahanta meM anumAnase sarvajJatA (kevalajJAna) kI siddhi kI hai aura use doSAvaraNoMse rahita, indriyAdi nirapekSa tathA sUkSmAdiviSayaka batalAyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kumArilane samantabhadra kI hI ukta mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai| akalaMka dvArA isakA bhI sabala javAba isakA sabala pramANa yaha hai ki kumArilake ukta khaNDanakA bhI javAba akalaMkadevane diyA hai| unhoMne bar3e santulita DhaMgase kahA hai ki 'anumAna dvArA suprasiddha kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA) Agamake binA aura Agama kevalajJAnake binA siddha nahIM hotA, yaha satya hai, tathApi donoMmeM anyonyAzraya doSa nahIM hai, kyoMki puruSAtizaya (kevalajJAna) pratItivazase mAnA gayA hai / ina (kevalajJAna aura Agama) donoMmeM bIja aura aMkUrakI taraha anAdi prabandha (pravAha-santAna) hai / ' __ akalaMkake isa uttarase bilakula spaSTa hai ki samantabhadra ne jo anumAnase arahantake kevalajJAna (sarvajJatA) kI siddhi kI thI, usIkA khaNDana kumArilane kiyA hai aura jisakA sayuktika uttara akalaMkane ukta prakArase diyA hai / kevala jJAnake sAtha 'anumAnavijambhitam'-'anumAnase siddha' vizeSaNa lagAkara to akalaMka (vi0 saM0 7vIM zatI) ne rahA-sahA sandeha bhI nirAkRta kara diyA hai, kyoMki anumAnase sarvajJavizeSa (arahantameM kevalajJAna) kI siddhi samantabhadrane kI hai| isa ullekha-pramANase bhI prakaTa hai ki kumArilane samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsAkA khaNDana kiyA aura jisakA uttara samantabhadrase kaI zatAbdI bAda hue akalaMkane diyA hai / samantabhadrako kumArilakA paravartI mAnane para unakA javAba ve hI dete, akalaMkako usakA avasara hI nahIM aataa| kumArila dvArA samantabhadrakA anusaraNa (3) kumArilane samantabhadrakA jahA~ khaNDana kiyA hai vahA~ unakA anugamana bhI kiyA hai| vidita hai jaina darzanameM vastuko utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ina tIna rUpa mAnA gayA hai| samantabhadrane laukika aura AdhyAtmika do udAharaNoM dvArA usakI samartha puSTi kI hai| ina donoM udAharaNoMke lie unhoMne eka-eka 1. evaM yatkevalajJAnamanumAnavijRmbhitam / narte tadAgamAtsiddhayet na ca tena vinA''gamaH / / ' satyamarthabalAdeva puruSAtizayo mataH / prabhavaH pauruSeyo'sya prabandho'nAdiriSyate ||-nyaa0 vi0 kA0 412-13 / 2. mI0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 619 / 3. davvaM sallakSaNayaM uppAdavvayadhuvattasaMjutaM / guNapajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti savvaNha ||-kundkund, paMcAsti0, gA010 athavA-'sadravyalakSaNam', utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat |'-umaasvaati (gRddhapiccha), ta0 sU0 5-29, 30 / 4. ghaTa-mauli-suvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramoda-mAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // payovrato na dadhyatti na payotti dadhivrataH / agorasavato nobhe tasmAttatvaM trayAtmakam ||-aa0 mI0, kA0, 59, 60 /
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________________ kArikAkA sRjana kiyA hai| pahalI (59vIM) kArikAke dvArA unhoMne prakaTa kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra ghaTa, mukuTa aura svarNake icchukoMko unake nAza, utpAda aura sthitimeM kramazaH zoka, harSa aura mAdhyasthya bhAva hotA hai aura isalie svarNavastu vyaya, utpAda aura sthiti ina tIna rUpa hai, usI prakAra vizvakI sabhI vastue~ trayAtmaka haiN| dUsarI (60 vIM) kArikAke dvArA batalAyA hai ki jaise dugdhavra to, dUdha hI grahaNa karatA hai, dahI nahIM letA aura dahIkA vrata rakhanevAlA dahI hI letA hai, dUdha nahIM letA hai tathA dUdha aura dahI donoMkA tyAgI donoMko hI grahaNa nahIM karatA aura isa taraha gorasa utpAda, vyaya aura dhruvatA tInoMse yukta hai, usI taraha akhila vizva (tattva) trayAtmaka hai / kumArilane bhI samantabhadrakI laukika udAharaNa vAlI kArikA (59) ke AdhArapara apanI nayI DhAI kArikAyeM racI haiM aura samantabhadrakI hI taraha unake dvArA vastuko trayAtmaka siddha kiyA hai| unakI ina kArikAoMmeM samantabhadrakI kArikA 59 kA kevala bimba-prativimbabhAva hI nahIM hai, apitu unakI zabdAvalI, zailI aura vicArasaraNi bhI unameM samAhita hai| samantabhadrane jisa bAtako atisaMkSepameM eka kArikA (59) meM kahA hai, usIko kumArilane DhAI kArikAoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| vastutaH vikAsakA bhI yahI siddhAnta hai ki vaha uttarakAlameM vistRta hotA hai| isa ullekhase bhI spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki samantabhadra pUrvavartI hai aura kumArila paravartI / vAdirAja dvArA sampuSTi isakA jvalanta pramANa yaha hai ki I0 1025 ke prasiddha, pratiSThita aura prAmANika tarkagranthakAra vAdirAjasUri ne apane nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa (bhAga 1, pR0 439) meM samantabhadrako AptamImAMsAkI ullikhita kArikA 59 ko aura kumArila bhaTTa kI upari carcita DhAI kArikAoM se Der3ha kArikAko bhI 'uktaM svAmisamantabhadraistadupajIvinA bhaTTenApi' zabdoMdvArA uddhRta karake kumArila bhaTTako samantabhadrakA upajIvIanugAmI prakaTa kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki eka hajAra varSa pahale bhI dArzanika evaM sAhityakAra samantabhadrako pUrvavartI aura kumArila bhaTTako unakA paravartI vidvAn mAnate the / samantabhadrakA dharmakoti dvArA khaNDana (4) (ka) aba dharmakIrtiko liijie| dharmakoti (I0 635) ne bhI samantabhadrako AptamImAMsAkA khaNDana kiyA hai / vidita hai ki AptamImAMsA (kArikA 104) meM samantabhadrane syAdvAdakA lakSaNa diyA 1. vardhamAnakabhaMge ca rucakaH kriyate yadi / tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarArthinaH // hemArthinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnyanityatA ||--mii0 zlo0 vA0, pR0 619 / 2. "uktaM svAmisamantabhadraistadupajIvinA bhaTTenApi"-zabdoMke sAtha samantabhadrakI pUrvollikhita kArikA 59 aura kumArila bhaTTakI uparyukta kArikAoMmeMse ArambhakI Der3ha kArikA uddhRta hai |-nyaa0 vi0 vi0, bhAga 1, pR0 439 / 3. etenaiva yatkicidayuktamazlIlamAkulam / pralapanti pratikSiptaM tadapyekAntasaMbhavAt ||-prmaannvaa0 1-182
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________________ hai aura likhA hai ki 'sarvathA ekAntake tyAgase jo 'kiMcit' (kathaMcit) kA vidhAna hai vaha syAdvAda hai|' (ka) dharmakIrtine samantabhadrake isa syAdvAda-lakSaNakI bar3e Avegake sAtha samIkSA kI hai| unake 'kiMcitke vidhAna-syAdvAdako ayukta, azlIla aura Akula 'pralApa' kahA hai|' jJAtavya hai ki AgamoMmeM 2 'siyA pajjattA, siyA apajjattA', 'goyamA ! jIvA siya sAsayA, siya asAsayA' jaise nirUpaNoMmeM do bhaMgoM tathA kundakundake paMcAstikAyameM 'siya atthi Natthi uhayaM-' isa gAthA (14) ke dvArA ginAye gaye sAta bhaMgoMke nAma to pAye jAte haiN| para syAdvAdakI unameM koI paribhASA nahIM milatI / samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsAmeM hI prathamataH usakI paribhASA aura vistRta vivecana milate haiN| dharmakIrtine ukta khaNDana samantabhadrakA hI kiyA hai, yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai / dharmakIrtikA 'tadapyekAntasambhavAt' pada bhI Akasmika nahIM hai, jisake dvArA unhoMne sarvathA ekAntake tyAgase honevAle kiMcit (kathaMcit) ke vidhAna-syAdvAda (anekAnta) meM bhI ekAntakI sambhAvanA karake usakA-anekAntakA khaNDana kiyA hai| (kha) isake sivAya dharmakItine samantabhadrakI usa mAnyatAkA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai, jise unhoMne 'sadeva sarva ko necchet' (kA0 15) Adi kathana dvArA sthApita kiyA hai| vaha sAnyatA hai sabhI vastuoMko sad-asad, eka-aneka Adi rUpase ubhayAtmaka (anekAntAtmaka) pratipAdana krnaa| dharmakIrti isakA bhI khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki 'sako ubhayarUpa mAnanepara unameM koI bheda nahIM rahegA / phalataH jise 'dahI khA' kahA, vaha U~Tako khAne ke lie kyoM nahIM daur3atA? jaba sabhI padArtha sabhI rUpa haiM to unake vAcaka zabda aura bodhaka jJAna bhI bhinna-bhinna nahIM ho sakate / ' akalaMka dvArA javAba dharmakItike dvArA kiyA gayA apane pUrvaja samantabhadrakA yaha khaNDana bhI akalaMkako sahya nahIM huA aura unake uparyukta donoM AkSepoMkA javAba bar3I tejasvitAke sAtha unhoMne diyA hai| prathama AkSepakA uttara 1. syAdvAdaH sarvathaikAntatyAgAtkivattacidvidhiH / saptabhaMganayApekSo heyAdeyavizeSakaH ||-aaptmii0, kA0 105 / 2. bhUtabalI-puSpadanta, SaT khaM0 11179 / 3. siya atthi Natthi uhayaM avvattavvaM puNo ya tattidayaM / davvaM khu saptabhaMgaM AdesavaseNa saMbhavadi ||--pNcaasti0, gA0 14 / 4. sarvasyobhayarUpatve tadvizeSanirAkRteH / codito dadhi khAdeti kimaSTaM nAbhidhAvati ||-prmaannaa vA0 1-183 / 5. kathaMcitte sadeveSTaM kathaMcidasadeva tat / .. tathobhayamavAcyaM ca nayayogAnna sarvathA / / sadeva sarva ko necchet svarUpAdicatuSTayAt / asadeva viparyAsAnna cenna vyavatiSThate / / -devAgama, kA0 14, 15 / 6. (ka) jJAtvA vijJaptimAtraM paramapi ca bahirbhAsi bhAvapravAdam / cakre lokAnurodhAt punarapi sakalaM neti tattvaM prapede / / na jJAtA tasya tasmin na ca phalamaparaM jJAyate nApi kiMcit / ityazlIla pramattaH pralapati jar3adhIrAkulaM vyAkulAptaH ||-nyaa0 vi0 1-161 / - 385 -
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________________ dete hue ve kahate haiM ki 'jo vijJapti mAtrako jAnatA hai aura lokAnurodhase bAhya--parako bhI svIkAra karatA hai aura phira bhI sabako zUnya kahatA hai tathA pratipAdana karatA hai ki na jJAtA hai, na usameM phala hai aura na kucha anya jAnA jAtA hai, aisA azlIla, Akula aura ayukta pralApa karatA hai, use pramatta (pAgala), jar3abuddhi aura aura vividha AkUlatAoMse ghirA haA samajhanA caahie|' samantabhadrapara kiye gaye dharmakItike prathama AkSepakA yaha javAba 'jaiseko taisA' nItikA pUrNatayA paricAyaka hai| dharmakItike dUsare AkSepakA bhI uttara akalaMka upahAsapUrvaka dete hue kahate haiM ki 'jo dahI aura U~TameM abhedakA prasaMga dekara sabhI padArthoM ko eka ho jAnekI Apatti prakaTa karatA hai aura isa taraha syAdvAdaanekAntavAdakA khaNDana karatA hai vaha pUrvapakSa (anekAntavAda--syAdvAda) ko na samajhakara dUSaka (dUSaNa denevAlA) hokara bhI vidUSaka-dUSaka nahIM hai, jokara hai-upahAsakA pAtra hai / sugata bhI kabhI mRga thA aura mRga bhI sugata huA mAnA jAtA hai tathApi sugatako vandanIya aura mRgako bhakSaNIya kahA gayA hai aura isa taraha paryAyabhedase sugata aura mRgameM vandanIya evaM bhakSaNIyakI bhedavyavasthA tathA cittasantAnakI apekSAse unameM abheda vyavasthA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra pratIti balase--paryAya aura dravyako pratItise sabhI padArthoMmeM bheda aura abheda donoMkI vyavasthA hai / ataH 'dahI khA' kahe jAnepara koI U~Tako khAneke lie kyoM daur3egA, kyoMki satdravyakI apekSAse unameM abheda honepara bhI paryAyakI dRSTise unameM usI prakAra bheda hai, jisa prakAra sugata aura mRgameM hai / ataeva 'dahI khA' kahanepara koI dahI khAneke lie hI daur3egA, kyoMki vaha bhakSaNIya hai aura U~Ta khAneke lie vaha nahIM daur3egA, kyoMki vaha abhakSaNIya hai / isa taraha vizvakI sabhI vastuoMko ubhayAtmaka-anekAntAtmaka mAnane meM kauna-sI Apatti yA vipatti hai arthAta koI Apatti yA vipatti nahIM hai / akalaMkake ina santulita evaM sabala javAboMse bilakula asandigdha hai ki samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsAgata syAdvAda aura anekAntavAdakI mAnyatAoMkA hI dharmakIrtine khaNDana kiyA hai aura jisakA muMhator3a, kintu zAlIna evaM karArA uttara akalaMkane diyA hai| yadi samantabhadra dharmakItike paravartI hote to ve svayaM unakA javAba dete aura usa sthitimeM akalaMkako dharmakIrtike uparyukta AkSepoMkA uttara denekA maukA hI nahIM aataa| cAlIsa-pacAsa varSa pUrva sva. paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, sva. paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI Adi kucha vidvAnoMne samantabhadrako dharmakIrtikA paravartI honekI sambhAvanA kI thii| kintu aba aise pracura pramANa sAmane A gaye haiM, jinake AdhArapara dharmakoti samantabhadrase kAphI uttaravartI (300-400 varSa pazcAt) siddha ho cuke haiN| isa viSaya meM DAkTara e0ena0 upAdhye evaM DA0 hIrAlAla jainakA zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para likhA (kha) dadhyuSTrAderabhedatvaprasaMgAvekacodanam / pUrvapakSamavijJAya dUSako'pi vidUSakaH / / sugato'pi mRgo jAto mRgo'pi sugataH smRtaH / tathApi sugato vaMdyo mRgaH khAdyo yatheSyate / tathA vastubalAdeva bhedAbhedavyavasthiteH / codito dadhi khAdeti vimaSTamabhidhAvati?-nyA0vi03-373, 374 / 1. nyAyaku0, dvi0 bhA0, prastA0, pR0 27, aklaM0 pranthatratha0; prAkkatha0, pR0 9, nyAyaku0, dvi0 bhA0, pR0 18-20 /
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________________ pradhAna sampAdakIya draSTavya hai / 'dharmakIti aura samantabhadra' zIrSaka hamArA zodhapUrNa lekha bhI avalokanIya hai, jisameM ukta vidvAnoMke hetuoMpara vimarza karane ke sAtha hI paryApta nayA anusandhAna prastuta kiyA gayA hai / aise viSayoMpara hameM unmukta dimAgase vicAra karanA cAhie aura satyake grahaNameM hicakicAnA nahIM caahie| prazna 2 aura usakA samAdhAna sampAdakane dUsarA prazna uThAyA hai ki 'siddhasenake nyAyAvatAra aura samantabhadra ke zrAvakAcArameM kisI pada (padya) ko samAna rUpase pAye jAnepara samantabhadrako hI pUrvavartI kyoM mAnA jAya ? yaha bhI sambhava hai ki samantabhadrane svayaM use siddhasenase liyA ho aura vaha usase paravartI ho?' sampAdakakI prastuta sambhAvanA itanI kaccI, zithila aura nirjIva hai ki use puSTa karane vAlA eka bhI pramANa nahIM diyA jA sakatA aura na svayaM sampAdakane hI use diyA hai| anusandhAnake kSetrameM yaha Avazyaka hai ki sambhAvanAke poSaka pramANa diye jAyeM, tabhI usakA mUlyAMkana hotA hai aura tabhI vaha vidvAnoM dvArA AdRta hotI hai| nyAyAvatArameM samantabhadrake ratnakaraNDakA hI padya yahA~ usIpara vimarza kiyA jAtA hai| Upara jina samantabhadrako bahuta carcA kI gayI hai, unhIMkA racita eka zrAvakAcAra hai, jo sabase prAcIna, mahattvapUrNa aura vyavasthita zrAvakAcArakA pratipAdaka grantha hai| isake ArambhameM dharmakI vyAkhyAkA uddezya batalAte hae use samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra ina tIna rUpa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| samyagdarzanakA svarUpa unhoMne paramArthadeva, zAstra aura gurukA dRr3ha evaM amUr3ha zraddhAna kahA hai| ataeva unheM ina tInoMkA lakSaNa batalAnA bhI Avazyaka thaa| devakA lakSaNa pratipAdana karane ke uparAnta samantabhadra ne 9 padyake2 dvArA zAstrakA lakSaNa nirUpita kiyA hai| yaha padya siddhasenake nyAyAvatArameM bhI usake 9veM padya ke hI rUpameM pAyA jAtA hai| usapara sayuttika vimarza aba vicAraNIya hai ki yaha padya ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcArakA mUla padya hai yA nyAyAvatArakA mUla padya hai| zrAvakAcArameM yaha jahA~ sthita hai vahA~ usakA honA Avazyaka aura anivArya hai| kintu nyAyAvatArameM jahA~ vaha hai vahA~ usakA honA Avazyaka evaM anivArya nahIM hai, kyoMki baha pUrvokta zabda-lakSaNa (kA08) ke samarthanameM abhihita hai| use vahAMse haTA dene para granthakA aMga-bhaMga nahIM hotaa| kintu samantabhadrake zrAvakAcArase use alaga kara denepara usakA aMga bhaMga ho jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ukta 9vAM padya, jisameM zAstrakA lakSaNa diyA gayA hai, zrAvakAcArakA mUla hai aura nyAyAvatAra meM apane viSaya (8veM padya meM kathita 1. jainadarzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, 126 se 133 / 2. AptopajJapanullaMghamadRSTeSTavirodhakam / tattvopadezakRtsA zAstraM kApathaghaTTanama // -ratna shlo09| 3. dRSTeSTAvyAhatAdvAkyAta paramArthAbhidhAyinaH / tattvagrAhitayotpannaM mAna zAbdaM prakIrtitama / / -387
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________________ 0 zabdalakSaNa) ke samarthanake lie use vahA~se granthakArane svayaM liyA hai yA kisI uttaravartIne liyA hai aura jo bAdako ukta granthakA bhI aMga bana gyaa| dhyAtavya hai ki zrAvakAcArameM Aptake lakSaNake bAda Avazyaka taurapara pratipAdanIya zAbdalakSaNakA pratipAdaka anya koI padya nahIM hai, jabaki nyAyAvatArameM zAbdalakSaNakA pratipAdaka 8vAM padya hai| isa kAraNa bhI ukta 9vAM padya (AptopajJamanu0) zrAvakAcArakA mUla padya hai, jisakA vahA~ mUla rUpase honA nitAnta Avazyaka aura anivArya hai tathA nyAyAvatArameM usakA 8veM padya ke samakSa, mUla rUpameM honA anAvazyaka, byartha aura punarukta hai / ataH yahI mAnane yogya evaM nyAyasaMgata hai ki nyAyAvatArameM vaha samantabhadrake zrAvakAcArase liyA gayA hai na ki zrAvakAcArameM nyAyAvatArase use liyA hai / ataH nyAyAvatArase zrAvakAcArameM use (9veM padyako) lenekI sambhAvanA bilkula nirmUla evaM bedama hai| - isake atirikta aitihAsika pariprekSyameM dekhanepara nyAyAvatArameM dharmakIti' (I0 635), kumArila (I0 650)2 aura pAtrasvAmI (I06ThI, 7vIM zatI)3 ina graMtha kAroMkA anusaraNa pAyA jAtA hai aura ye tInoM granthakAra samantabhadrake uttaravartI haiN| taba samantabhadra ko nyAyAvatArakAra siddhasenakA paravartI batalAnA kevala pakSAgraha hai / usameM yukti yA pramANa (AdhAra) kucha bhI nahIM hai / prazna 3 aura usakA samAdhAna samIkSakakA tIsarA prazna hai ki 'nyAyazAstrake samagra vikAsako prakriyAmeM aisA nahIM haA hai ki pahale jaina nyAya vikasita haA aura phira bauddha evaM brAhmaNoMne usakA anakaraNa kiyA ho|' hameM lagatA hai ki sara kSakane hamAre lekhako ApAtataH dekhA hai-use dhyAnase par3hA hI nahIM hai| use yadi dhyAnase par3hA hotA, to ve aisA skhalita aura bhar3akAne vAlA prazna na utthaate| hama punaH unase use par3hane kA anurodha kreNge| hamane 'jaina nyAyakA vikAsa' lekhameM yaha likhA hai ki 'jaina nyAyakA udgama ukta (bauddha aura brAhmaNa) nyAyoMse nahIM huA, apitu TivAda zrutase huA hai / yaha sambhava hai ki ukta nyAyoMke sAtha jaina nyAya bhI phalA-phUlA ho / arthAt jaina nyAyake vikAsa meM brAhmaNa nyAya aura bauddha nyAyakA vikAsa preraka huA ho aura unakI vividha kramika zAstra-racanA jaina nyAyakI kramika zAstra-racanAmeM sahAyaka haI ho| samakAlInoMmeM aisA AdAna-pradAna honA yA preraNA lenA svAbhAvika hai|' yahA~ hamane kahA~ likhA ki pahale jaina nyAya vikasita haA aura phira bauddha evaM brAhmaNoMne usakA anukaraNa kiyaa| hameM kheda aura Azcarya hai ki samIkSaka eka zodha-saMsthAnake 2 1. (ka) na pratyakSaparokSAbhyAM meyasyAnyasya saMbhavaH / tasmAtprameyadvitvena pramANadvitvamiSyate ||-pr0 vA0 3-63 / pratyakSaM ca parokSaM ca dvidhAmayavinizcayAta |-nyaayaav0, shlo01| (kha) kalpanApoDhamabhrAntaM pratyakSam / nyA0bi0, pR0 11 / anumAnaM tadabhrAntaM pramANatvAt samakSavat / -nyAyAva0 zlo0 5 / kumArilake prasiddha pramANalakSaNa (tatrApUrvArthavijJAnaM nizcitaM bAdhavajitam / aduSTAkAraNArabdhaM pramANa lokasa-matam // ) kA 'bAdharjitam' vizeSaNa nyAyAvatArake pramANalakSaNameM bhI 'vAdhavarjitam' ke rUpameM anusRta hai| pAtrasvAmikA 'anyathAnupapannatvaM' Adi prasiddhahetulakSaNa nyAyAvatArameM 'anyathAnupapannatvaM hetorlakSaNamIri tam' isa hetu lakSaNapratipAdaka kArikAke dvArA apanAyA gayA hai aura 'Iritama' padakA prayoga kara usako prasiddhi bhI pratipAdita kI gayI hai| 4. jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, p07| -388
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________________ nidezaka hokara bhI tathyahIna aura bhar3akAne vAlI zabdAvalIkA Aropa hamapara lagA rahe haiN| jahAM taka jaina nyAyake vikAsakA prazna hai usameM hamane spaSTatayA bauddha aura brAhmaNa nyAyake vikAsako preraka batalAyA hai aura unakI zAstra-racanAko jaina nyAyakI zAstra-racanAmeM sahAyaka svIkAra kiyA hai / hA~, jaina nyAyakA udgama unase nahIM huA, apitu dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMgazrutase huaa| apane isa kathanako siddhasena (dvAtriMzikAkAra)', akalaGka, vidyAnanda aura yazovijaya ke pratipAdanoMse puSTa evaM pramANita kiyA hai| hama pAThakoM, khAsakara samIkSakase anurodha kareMge ki ve usa nibandhako gaurase par3hanekI kRpA kareM aura sahI sthiti evaM tathyako avagata kreN| prazna 4 aura usakA samAdhAna sampAdakane cauthe aura antima muddemeM mere 'tattvArthasUtrakI paramparA' nibandhako lekara likhA hai ki 'aneka aise prazna haiM, jinameM tattvArthasUtrakAra aura digambara AcAryoMmeM bhI matabheda hai / ata: kucha bAtoMmeM tattvArthasatrakAra aura anya zvetAmbara AcAryoMmeM matabheda honA isa bAtakA pramANa nahI hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra zvetAmbara paramparAke nahIM ho sakate / ' apane isa kathanake samarthanameM kundakunda aura tattvArthasUtrakArake nayoM aura gRhasthake 12 vratoM sambandhI matabhedako diyA hai| isI mahameM hamAre lekhameM AyI kucha bAtoMkA aura ullekha kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtrakI paramparApara gaharA vimarza isa mudde para bhI hama vicAra karate haiM / pratIta hotA hai ki sampAdaka mahodaya matabheda aura paramparAbheda donoMmeM koI antara nahIM mAna rahe haiM, jabaki unameM bahata antara hai| ve yaha to jAnate haiM ki antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhake bAda jaina saMgha do paramparAoMmeM vibhakta ho gayA-eka digambara aura dUsarI zvetAmbara ye donoM bhI upa-paramparAoMmeM vibhAjita haiM / kintu mUlataH digambara aura zvetAmbara ye do hI paramparAe~ haiN| jo AcArya digambaratvakA aura jo zvetAnbarakA samarthana karate haiM ve kramazaH digambara aura zvetAmbara AcArya kahe jAte haiM tathA unake dvArA nirmita sAhitya digambara aura zvetAmbara sAhitya mAnA jAtA hai / ___ aba dekhanA hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM digambaratvakA samarthana hai yA zvetAmbarattvakA / hamane ukta nibandhameM isI dizAmeM vicAra kiyA hai| isa nibandhakI bhUmikA bAMdhate hue usameM prAgvRttake rUpameM hamane likhA hai ki jahA~ taka hamArA khyAla hai, sabase pahale paNDita sukhalAlajI 'prajJAcakSu' ne tatvArthasUtra aura usakI vyAkhyAoM tathA kartRtva viSayameM do lekha likhe the aura unake dvArA tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartAko taTastha paramparA (na digambara, na zvetAmbara) kA siddha kiyA thaa| isake koI cAra varSa bAda san 1934 meM upAdhyAya zrI AtmArAmajIne katipaya zvetAmbara AgamoMke sUtroMke sAtha tattvArthasUtrake sUtroMkA tathokta samanvaya karake 'tattvArthasUtrajainAgama-samanvaya' nAmase eka grantha likhA aura usameM tatvArthasUtrako zvetAmbara paramparAkA grantha prasiddha kiyA / jaba yaha grantha paNDita sukhalAla jIko prApta huA, to apane pUrva (taTastha paramparA) ke vicAra1. dvAtrizikA, 1-30, 4-15 / 2. tattvArthavA0 8.1, pR0 295 / 3. aSTasa0 pR0 238 / 4. asTasaha0 vi0 TI0, pR0 1 / 5. jaina darzana aura pramANazA0, pR0 76 / -389
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________________ ko choDakara unhoMne use mAtra zvetAmbara paramparAkA prakaTa kiyA tathA yaha kahate hae ki 'umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparAke the aura unakA sabhASya tattvArtha sacela pakSake zrutake AdhAra para hI banA hai|'-'vaack umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparAmeM hae, digambarameM nhiiN|' niHsaMkoca tattvArthasatra aura usake kartAko zvetAmbara honekA apanA nirNaya bhI de diyA hai|" isake bAda paM0 paramAnandajI zAstrI, paM0 phUlacandra jI zAstrI paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI' jaise kucha digambara vidvAnoMne bhI tattvArthasUtrakI jAMca kii| inameM prathamake do vidvAnoMne use digambara aura premIjIne yApanIya graMtha prakaTa kiyaa| hamane bhI usapara vicAra karanA ucita evaM Avazyaka samajhA aura usIke phalasvarUpa tattvArthasUtrakI mUla paramparA khojaneke lie ukta nibandha likhaa| anusandhAna karane aura sAdhaka pramANoMke milanepara hamane usakI mUla paramparA digambara btlaayiiN| samIkSakane unheM nirasta na kara mAtra vyAkhyAna diyA hai| kintu vyAkhyAna samIkSA nahIM kahA jA sakatA, apitu vaha apane pakSakA samarthaka kahA jaayegaa| paramparAbhedakA sacaka antara tattvArthasUtra aura kundakundake granthoM meM pratipAdita nayoM aura gRhasthake 12 vratoMmeM vaicArika yA vivecana paddhatikA antara hai| aisA matabheda paramparAkI bhinnatAko prakaTa nahIM krtaa| samantabhadra, jinasena aura somadevake aSTamUlaguNa bhinna honepara bhI ve eka hI (digambara) paramparAke haiN| pAtrabheda evaM kAlabhedase unameM aisA vicAra-bheda honA sambhava hai| vidyAnandane apane granthoMmeM pratyabhijJAnake do bheda mAne haiM aura akalaMka, mANikyanandi Adine usake aneka (dose jyAdA) bheda batalAye haiN| aura ye sabhI digambara AcArya haiN| para tattvArthasUtra aura sacelazrutameM aisA antara nahIM hai| unameM maulika antara hai, jo paramparA bhedakA sUcaka hai| aise maulika antarako hI hamane ukta nibandhameM dikhAyA hai| saMkSepameM use yahAM diyA jAtA haitattvArthasUtra sacela zrata 1. adarzanaparISaha, 9-9-14 dasaNaparIsaha, sammattaparIsaha (uttarA0 sU0 pR0 8) 2. eka sAtha 19 parISaha, 9-17 eka sAtha bIsa parISaha, uttarA0 ta0, jainA0 pR 208 3. tIrthakara prakRtike 16 baMdhakAraNa, 6-24 tIrthaMkara prakRtike 20 baMdhakAraNa (jJAtR 0 sU0 8-64) 4. viviktazayyAsana tapa, 9-19 saMlInatA tapa, (vyAkhyA pra0 sa0 25 / 7-8) 5. nAgnyaparISaha, 9-9 acelaparISaha (uttarA0 sU0, pR0 82 6. laukAntika devoMke 8 bheda 4-42 laukAntika devoMke 9 bheda (jJAta0, bhagavatI0) yaha aisA maulika antara hai, jise zve. AcAryoMkA matabheda nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha to spaSTatayA paramparAbhedakA prakAzaka hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu yA anya zvetA0 AcAryoMne sacela zru takA pUrA anugamana kiyA hai, para tattvArthasUtrakArane usakA anugamana nahIM kiyaa| anyathA sacelazruta viruddha ukta prakArakA kathana tattvArthasUtra meM na miltaa| 1. anekanta, varSa, 4 ki0 1 / 2. vahI, varSa 4 ki0 11-12 tathA varSa 5 ki0 1-2 / 3. jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pR0 533, dvi. saM., 1956 / -390
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________________ tattvArtha sUtra meM nAgnyaparISaha tattvArthasUtrameM 'acelaparISaha' ke sthAnapara 'nAgnyaparISaha' rakhanepara vicAra karate hue hamane ukta nibaMdha meM likhA thA' ki 'acela' zabda jaba bhraSTa ho gayA aura usake artha meM bhrAnti hone lagI to A0 umAsvAtine usake sthAna meM nagnatA - sarvathA vastrarahitatA arthako spaSTataH grahaNa karaneke lie 'nAgnya' zabdakA prayoga kiyaa|' isakA tarkasaMgata samAdhAna na karake sampAdakajI likhate haiM ki 'DA0 sAhabane zve0 AgamoMko dekhA hI nahIM hai / zve0 AgamoM meM nagnake prAkRta rUpa nagga yA NagiNake aneka prayoga dekhe jAte haiM / ' para prazna yaha nahIM hai ki AgamoMmeM nagnake prAkRta rUpa nagga yA NagiNake prayoga milate haiM / prazna yaha hai ki zve0 AgamoM meM kyA 'acela parISaha' kI sthAnApanna 'nAgnya parISaha' upalabdha hai ? isa praznakA uttara na dekara kevala unameM 'nAgnya' zabdake prAkRta rUpoM (nagga, NagiNa ) ke prayogoMkI bAta karanA aura hameM zve0 AgamoMse anabhijJa batAnA na samAdhAna hai aura na zAlInatA hai / vastutaH unhe yaha batAnA cAhie ki unameM nAgnya parISaha hai / kintu yaha tathya hai ki unameM 'nAgnya parISaha' nahIM hai / tattvArtha sUtrakArane hI use 'acalaparISaha' ke sthAna meM sarvaprathama apane tattvArtha sUtra meM diyA hai / tatvArtha sUtra meM viviktazayyAsana tapa ukta nibandhameM paramparAbhedakI sUcaka tattvArtha sUtragata eka bAta kahI hai ki tattvArtha sUtra meM khe0 zrutasammata saMlInatA tapakA grahaNa nahIM kiyA, isake viparIta usameM viviktazayyAsana tapakA grahaNa hai, jo zve0 zrutameM nahIM hai / haribhadrasUri ke anusAra saMlInatA tapake cAra bhedoM meM parigaNita viviktacaryA dvArA bhI tattvArtha sUtrakArake viviktazayyAzanakA grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki viviktacaryA dUsarI cIz2a hai aura viviktazayyAsana alaga cIja hai / sampAdakajIne hamAre isa kathanakA bhI andhAdhundha viviktacaryA meM aura viviktazayyAsanameM bhI antara mAna karate haiM, isakA koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM de pAye haiM, vastutaH unake isa samIkSaNapara bahuta Azcarya hai ki jo apaneko zve0 AgamoMkA pAraMgata mAnatA hai vaha viviktacaryA aura viviktazayyAsana ke artha meM koI bheda nahIM batalAtA hai tathA donoMko eka hI kahatA hai / jaina dharmakA sAdhAraNa jJAtA bhI yaha jAnatA ki caryA gamana ( calane) ko kahA gayA hai aura zayyAsana sone evaM baiThane ko kahate haiM / donoMmeM do bhinna dizAoMkI taraha bheda hai / sAdhu jaba IryAsamiti se calatA hai - caryA karatA hai taba vaha sotA- baiThatA nahIM hai aura jaba sotA - baiThatA hai taba vaha calatA nahIM hai / vastutaH unameM pUrva aura pazcima jaisA antara hai / para sampAdakajI apane pakSake samarthanako dhunameM usa antarako nahIM dekha pA rahe haiM / yahA~ vizeSa dhyAtavya hai ki tattvArtha sUtrakArane 22 parISahoM meM caryA, niSadyA aura zayyA ina tInoM ko parISahake rUpameM ginAyA hai| kintu tapoMkA vivecana karate samaya unhoMne caryAko tapa nahIM kahA, kevala zayyA aura Asana donoM ko eka bAhya tapa batalAyA hai, jo unakI sUkSma siddhAntajJatAko prakaTa karatA hai / vAstava meM samIkSaNa karate hue likhA hai ki 'DA0 sAhabane liyA hai, kintu kisa AdhArapara ve inameM antara donoMmeM koI arthabheda hai hI nahIM / ' 1. jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra parizIlana, pR0 83 / 2. vahI, pR0 81 / 3. vyAkhyApra0 za0 25, u0 7, sU0 8 kI haribhadra sUrikRta vRtti / tathA vahI pR0 81 / 4. ta0 sU0, 9-19 / - 391 -
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________________ caryA viviktameM nahIM ho sakatI / mArgameM jaba sAdhu gamana karatA hai to usameM use mArgajanya kaSTa to ho sakatA hai aura use sahana karanese use parISahajaya kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu usameM vivikta panA nahIM ho sakatA aura isalie unhoMne viviktacaryA tapa nahIM btlaayaa| zayyA aura Asana donoM ekAntameM ho sakate hai / ataeva unheM viviktazayyAsana nAmase eka tapake rUpameM bAhya tapoMmeM bhI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| sampAdakajI sakSma vicAra kareMge, to unameM spaSTa tayA arthabheda unhe jJAta ho jAyegA / paM0 sukhalAlajIne caryA aura zayyAsanameM arthabheda svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai ki 'svIkAra kiye dharmajIvanako puSTa rakhane ke lie asaMga hokara bhinna-bhinna sthAnoMmeM vihAra aura kisI bhI eka sthAnameM niyata vAsa svIkAra na karanA caryA parISaha hai |..'aasn lagAkara baiThe hue Upara yadi bhayakA prasaMga A par3e to use akampita bhAvase jItanA kiMvA Asanase cyuta na honA niSadyA parISaha hai'jagahameM samabhAvapUrvaka zayana karanA zayyAparISaha hai / ' AzA hai sampAdakajI caryA, zayyA aura Asanake paNDitajI dvArA pradarzita arthabhedako nahIM nakAreMge aura unake bhedako svIkAreMge / tattvArthasUtra meM tIrthaMkara prakRtike 16 bandhakAraNa tattvArthasUtrameM paramparAbhedakI eka aura mahattvapUrNa bAtako usI nibandhameM pradarzita kiyA hai| hamane likhA hai ki zvetAmbara zru tameM tIrthaMkara prakRtike 20 bandhakAraNa batalAye haiM aura isameM jJAtRdharmakathAMgasUtra (8-64) tathA niyuktikAra bhadrabAhukI AvazyakaniyuktikI cAra gAthAe~ pramANarUpameM dI haiM / kintu tattvArthasUtra meM tIrthakara prakRtike 16 hI kAraNa nirdiSTa hai, jo digambara paramparAke prasiddha Agama 'SaTkhaNDAgama (3-14) ke anusAra haiM aura unakA vahI krama tathA ve hI nAma haiN|' ___ isakI bhI unhoMne samIkSA kI hai| likhA hai ki 'prathama to yaha ki tattvArtha eka sUtragrantha hai, usakI zailI saMkSipta hai / dUsare,tattvArthasUtrakArane 16 kI saMkhyAkA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai, yaha likhaneke bAda tattvArthasUtra meM sacela zrutapanA siddha karane ke lie punaH likhA hai ki 'Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtRdharmakathAmeM jina bIsa boloMkA ullekha hai unameM jo 4 bAteM adhika haiM ve haiM-dharmakathA, siddhabhakti, sthavirabhakti (vAtsalya), tapasvI-vAtsalya aura apuurvjnyaangrhnn| inameM se koI bhI bAta aisI nahIM hai, jo digambara paramparAko asvIkRta rahI ho, isalie choDa diyA ho, yaha to mAtra usakI saMkSipta zailIkA pariNAma hai|' isa sambandhameM hama samIkSakase pUchate haiM ki jJAtRdharmakathAsUtra bhI sUtragantha hai, usameM bIsa kAraNa kyoM ginAye, tattvArthasUtrakI taraha usameM 16 hI kyoM nahIM ginAye, kyoMki sUtragrantha hai aura sUtragrantha honese usakI bhI zailI saMkSipta hai / tattvArthasUtrameM 16 kI saMkhyAkA nirdeza na honekI taraha jJAtRdharmakathAsUtrameM bhI 20 kI saMkhyAkA nirdeza na honese kyA usameM 20 ke sivAya aura bhI kAraNoMkA samAveza hai ? isakA uttara kake pAsa nahIM hai| vastutaH tattvArthasatrameM sacelazratake AdhArapara tIrthakara prakRtike bandhakAraNa nahIM batalAye, anyathA AvazyakaniyuktikI taraha usameM jJAtRdharmakathAsUtra ke anusAra ve hI nAma aura ve hI 20 saMkhyaka kAraNa pratipAdita hote / kintu usameM digambara paramparAke SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra ve hI nAma aura utanI hI 16 kI saMkhyAko lie hue bandhakAraNa nirUpita haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki tattvArthasUtra digambara 1. ta0 sU0, vivecana sahita, 9-9, pR0 348 / 2. jaina darzana aura pramANazAstra pari0, pR0 79-80 / 3. SaTkhaM0, 3-40, 41 pustaka 8, pR0 78-79 / - 392 -
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________________ zratake AdhArapara racA gayA hai aura isalie vaha digambara paramparAkA grantha hai aura usake kartA digambarAcArya haiN| utsatra aura utsUtra lekhaka zvetAmbara paramparAkA anusArI nahIM ho sakatA, yaha samIkSakake lie avazya cintya hai| aba rahI tattvArthasUtrameM 16 kI saMkhyAkA nirdeza na honekI bAta / so prathama to vaha koI mahattva nahIM rakhatI, kyoMki tattvArthasUtrameM jisake bhI bheda pratipAdita hai, usakI saMkhyAkA kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM hai / cAhe tapoMke bheda hoM, cAhe parISahoM Adike bheda hoN| sUtrakArakI yaha paddhati hai, jise sarvatra apanAyA gayA hai / ataH tattvArthasUtrakArako tIrthakara-prakRtike bandhakAraNoMko ginAneke bAda saMkhyAvAcI 16 (solaha)ke padakA nirdeza anAvazyaka hai| tatsaMkhyaka kAraNoMko ginA denese hI vaha saMkhyA sutarAM phalita ho jAtI hai / 16 ko saMkhyA na denekA yaha artha nikAlanA sarvathA galata hai ki usake na denese tattvArthasUtrakArako 20 kAraNa abhipreta haiM aura unhoMne siddhabhakti Adi una cAra bandhakAraNoMkA saMgraha kiyA hai, jinheM Avazyakaniyukti aura jJAtadharmakathAmeM 20 kAraNoM (boloM) ke antargata batalAyA gayA hai / sampAdakajIkA usase aisA artha nikAlanA nitAnta bhrama hai / unheM tattvArthasUtra kI zailIkA sUkSma adhyayana karanA cAhie / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki tIrthakara prakRtike 16 bandhakAraNoMkA prarUpaka sUtra (ta0 sU06-24) jisa digambara zruta SaTkhaNDAgamake AdhArase racA gayA hai usameM spaSTatayA 'daMsaNavisujjhadAe-iccedehi solasehi kAraNehiM jIvA titthayaraNAmagodaM kammaM baMdhati / '-(3-41, pustaka 8) isa sUtrameM' tathA usake pUrvavartI sUtra2 (3-40)meM bhI 16 kI saMkhyAkA nirdeza hai| ataH SaTkhaNDAgamake ina do sUtroM ke AdhArase race tattvArthasUtrake ullikhita (6-24) sUtra meM 16 kI saMkhyAkA nirdeza anAvazyaka hai| usakI anuvRtti vahA~se sutarAM ho jAtI hai| siddhabhakti Adi adhika 4 bAteM digambara paramparAmeM svIkRta haiM yA nahIM, yaha alaga prazna hai| kiMtu yaha satya hai ki ve tIrthaMkara prakRtikI alaga bandhakAraNa nahIM mAnI gyiiN| siddhabhakti karmadhvaMsakA kAraNa hai taba vaha karmabandhakA kAraNa kaise ho sakatI hai| isIse use tIrthakara prakRtike bandhakAraNoMmeM sammilita nahIM kiyA / anya tIna bAtoMmeM sthavirabhakti aura tapasvivAtsalyakA AcAryabhakti evaM sAdhu-samAdhimeM tathA apUrvajJAnagrahaNakA abhIkSNa-jJAnopayogameM samAveza kara lenese unheM pRthaka grahaNa karanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| samIkSakako gambhIratA aura sUkSma anusandhAnake sAtha hI samIkSA karanI cAhie, tAki nIra-kSIra nyAyakA anusaraNa kiyA jA sake aura eka pakSameM pravAhita honese bacA jA sake / tattvArthasUtrameM strIparISaha aura daMza-mazakaparISaha hamane apane ukta nibandhameM digambaratvakI samarthaka eka bAta yaha bhI kahI hai ki tattvArthasUtra meM strIparISaha aura daMzamazaka ina do parISahoMkA pratipAdana hai, jo acelazrutake anukUla hai| usakI sacela zrutake AdhArase racanA mAnanepara ina do parISahoMkI taraha puruSaparoSahakA bhI usameM pratipAdana hotA, kyoMki sacela 1. daMsaNavisujjhadAe viNayasaMpaNNadAe sIlavvadesu NiradicAradAe AvAsaesu aparihINadAe khaNalavabujjhaNa dAe laddhisaMvegasaMpaNNadAe jadhAthAme tadhA tave sAhUNaM pAsuaparicAgadAe sAhUNaM samAhisaMdhAraNAe sAhaNaM vajjAvacca jogajuttadAe arahaMtabhattIe bahusudabhattIe pavayaNabhattIe pavayaNavacchaladAe pavayaNappabhAvaNadAe abhikkhaNaM abhikkhaNaM NANovajogajuttadAe iccedehi solasehi kAraNehi jIvA titthayaraNAmagodaM kamma baMdhaMti / / 49 / / 2. tatya imehi solasehi kAraNehi jIvo titthakaraNAmagodakammaM baMdhati // 40 // ina donoM sUtroMmeM 16 kI saMkhyAkA spaSTa nirdeza hai / -393
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________________ zrutameM strI aura puruSa donoMko mokSa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA donoM eka-dUsareke mokSameM upadravakArI haiM / koI kAraNa nahIM ki strIparISaha to abhihita ho aura puruSaparISaha abhihita na ho, kyoMki sacela zrutake anusAra una donoM meM muktike prati koI vaiSamya nahIM / kintu digambara zrutake anusAra puruSameM vajravRSabhanArAcasaMhananatraya haiM, jo muktimeM sahakArI kAraNa haiM / parantu stroke unakA abhAva honese use mukti saMbhava nahIM hai aura isIse tattvArthasUtra meM mAtra strIparISahakA pratipAdana hai, puruSaparISahakA nahIM / isI prakAra daMzamazaka parISaha sacelasAdhuko nahIM ho sakatI-nagna-digambara-pUrNatayA acela sAdhuko hI saMbhava hai / samIkSakane ina donoM bAtoMkI bhI samIkSA karate hue hamase prazna kiyA hai ki 'jo grantha ina do parISahoMkA ullekha karatA ho, vaha digambara paramparAkA hogA, yaha kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai / phira to unheM zve0 AcAryoM evaM granthoMko digambara paramparAkA mAna lenA hogA, kyoMki ukta donoM parISahoM kA ullekha to sabhI zve0 AcAryoMne evaM zve. AgamoMmeM kiyA gayA aura kisI zve0 granthameM puruSaparISahakA ullekha nahIM hai|' samIkSakakA yaha ApAdana usa samaya bilkula nirarthaka siddha hotA hai jaba jaina saMdha eka avibhakta saMgha thA aura tIthaMkara mahAvIrakI taraha pUrNatayA acela (sarvathA vastra rahita) rahatA thaa| usameM na eka, do Adi vastroMkA grahaNa thA aura na strImokSakA samarthana thA / giri-kandarAoM, vRkSakoTaroM, guphAoM, parvatoM aura vanoMmeM hI usakA vAsa thaa| sabhI sAdhu acelaparISahako sahate the / A0 samantabhadra (2 ro-3 rI zatI) ke anusAra unake kAlameM bhI RSigaNa parvatoM aura unakI guphAoM meM rahate the / svayambhastotrameM 22va tIrthaMkara ariSTanemike tapogiri evaM nirvANagiri Urjayanta parvatako 'tIrtha-saMjJAko vahana karanevAlA batalAte hae unhoMne use RSigaNoMse parivyApta kahA hai / aura unake kAlameM bhI vaha vaisA thaa| bhadrabAhuke bAda jaba saMgha vibhakta haA to usameM pArthakyake bIja Arambha ho gaye au ve uttarottara bar3hate gye| ina bIjoMmeM mukhya vastragrahaNa thA / vastrako svIkAra kara lenepara usakI acela parISahake sAtha saMgati biThAneke lie usake arthameM parivartanakara use alpacelakA bodhaka mAna liyA gyaa| tathA savastra sAdhukI mukti mAna lI gayI / phalataH savastra strIkI mukti bhI svIkAra kara lI gayI / sAdhuoMke lie striyoM dvArA kiye jAnevAle upadravoMko sahana karane kI AvazyakatApara bala dene hetu saMvarake sAdhanoM meM strIparISahakA pratipAdana to jyoM-kA-tyoM barakarAra rakhA gyaa| kintu striyoM ke lie puruSoM dvArA kiye jAnevAle upadravoMko sahana karane hetu saMvarake sAdhanoMmeM puruSaparISahakA pratipAdana sacela zrutameM kyoM chor3a diyA gayA, yaha vastutaH anusandheya evaM cintya hai / acela zrutameM aisA koI vikalpa nahIM hai| ataH tattvArthasUtra meM mAtra strIparISahakA pratipAdana honese vaha acela zrutakA anusArI hai| strImukti ko svIkAra na karanese usameM puruSaparISahake pratipAdanakA prasaMga hI nahIM AtA / strIparISaha aura daMzamazakaparISaha ina do parISahoMke ullekhamAtrase hI tattvArtha sUtra digambara grantha nahIM hai, jisase unakA ullekha karane vAle sabhI zve0 AcArya aura grantha digambara paramparAke ho jAne yA mAnanekA prasaMga AtA, kintu uparinirdiSTa ve aneka bAteM haiM, jo sacela zrutase viruddha haiM aura acela zrutake anukUla haiM / ye anya saba bAteM zve0 AcAryoM aura unake granthoMmeM nahIM haiN| inhIM saba bAtoMse do paraMparAoMkA janma huA aura mahAvIra tIrthakarase bhadrabAha zrutakevalI taka eka rUpameM calA AyA jaina saMgha Tukar3oMmeM ba~Ta gyaa| tIvra evaM mUlake ucchedaka vicAra-bhedake aise hI pariNAma nikalate haiN| daMzamazakaparoSaha vastutaH nirvastra (nagna) sAdhuko hI honA sambhava hai, savastra sAdhuko nahIM, yaha sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI samajha sakatA hai| jo sAdha ekAdhika kapar3oM sahita ho, use DAMsa-macchara kahAMse
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________________ kATeMge, taba usa parISahake sahana karanekA usake lie prazna hI nahIM uThatA / sacela zrutameM usakA nirdeza mAtra pUrvaparamparAkA smAraka bhara hai| usakI sArthakatA to acela zrutameM hI saMbhava hai| ataH ye (nAganyaparISaha, daMzamazakaparISaha aura strI-parISaha) tInoM parISaha tattvArthasUtrameM pUrNa nirgrantha (nagna) sAdhukI dRSTise abhihita hue haiM / ataH 'tattvArthasUtrako paraMparA' nibandhameM jo tathya diye gaye haiM ve nidhi hai aura ve use digambara paramparAkA grantha prakaTa karate haiN| usameM samIkSaka dvArA uThAyI gayI ApattiyoMmeMse eka bhI Apatti bAdhaka nahIM hai, pratyuta ve sArahIna siddha hotI haiM / samIkSAke antameM hameM kahA gayA hai ki 'apane dharma aura saMpradAyakA gaurava honA acchI bAta hai, kintu eka vidvAnse yaha bhI apekSita hai ki vaha nIra-kSIra vivekase bauddhika ImAnadArI pUrvaka satyako satyake rUpameM prakaTa kre| kai acchA hotA, samIkSaka samIkSya granthakI samIkSAke samaya svayaM bhI usakA pAlana karate aura 'umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparAmeM the aura unakA sabhASya tattvArtha sacela pakSake zrutake AdhArapara hI banA hai|' 'vAcaka umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparAmeM hae, digambarameM nhiiN|' aisA kahanevAloMke sambandhameM bhI kucha likhate aura unake satyakI jAMca kara dikhAte ki usameM kahA~ taka sacAI, nIra-kSIra viveka evaM bauddhika ImAnadArI hai| upasaMhAra vAstavameM anusaMdhAnameM pUrvAgrahakI mukti Avazyaka hai| hamane ukta nibandhameM ve tathya prastuta kiye haiM jo anusandhAna karanepara upalabdha hue haiN| -395 -