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________________ aJjanA : vAlmIki aura vimalasUri ke rAmAyaNoM meM varNita DaoN. kaumudI baladoTA prastAvanA prAkRta sAhitya ke itihAsa kA adhyApana karate samaya jaina mahAkavi vimalasUri kA 'paumacariyaM' nAma kA pahalA jaina rAmAyaNa sAmane AyA / 'aJjanApavanaJjayavRttAnta' sUkSmatA se paDhA / aJjanA ke jIvana meM Aye hue sthityaMtara dekhakara mana meM yaha jijJAsA utpanna huI ki vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM yaha kathA kisa prakAra AyI hogI ? donoM rAmAyaNoM meM aJjanA kI vyaktirekhA kA prastutIkaraNa alaga alaga dikhAI diyA / kAlakrama kI dRSTi se vAlmIki rAmAyaNa prathama hai / vimalasUri ne lagabhaga 200-300 varSa ke pazcAta jaina rAmAyaNa likho aisA itihAsakAra mAnate haiM / vimalasUri ne aJjanA kI vyaktirekhA meM jo badalAva kiye haiM, usakI pRSThabhUmi jaina tattvajJAna tathA AcAra meM nihita hai / isI kA spaSTIkaraNa isa zodhalekha meM dene kA prayAsa kiyA 1. donoM kathAoM kA sthAna aJjanA kI kathA kiSkindhAkANDa meM vistAra se tathA uttarakANDa meM atisaMkSepa se AyI hai| kiSkindhAkANDa meM vAna zreSTha jAmbavAna, hanumanta ko preraNA dete samaya hanumAna ko janmavRttAnta kahate haiM / uttarakANDa meM agastya RSi rAma ko hanumAna ke bacapana kA vRttAnta kahate haiM / 'paumacariyaM' meM anantavIrya muni ke dharmopadeza ke antargata aJjanA 1. vAlmIkirAmAyaNa, kiSkindhA-kANDa, sarga 66 vAlmIkirAmAyaNa, uttarakANDa, sarga 35-36 2. anekazatasAhasrI viSaNNAM harivAhinIm / / jAmbavAnsamudIkSyaivaM hanumantamathAbravIt // kiSkindhAkANDa, sarga 66, zloka 1 3. yadi vAsti tvabhiprAyaH saMzrotuM tava rAghava / samAdhAya mati rAma nizAmaya varAmyaham // uttarakANDa, sarga 35, zloka 18
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________________ Disembara 2007 kA vRttAnta prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 15, 16, 17 tathA 18 ina cAra uddezoM meM aJjanAsuMdarI kA upakathAnaka lAlityapUrNa rIti se prastuta kiyA hai / donoM rAmAyaNoM meM hanumAna ke janma tathA bacapana kA vRttAnta hai| vAlmIki 'aJjanA' ko hanumAna kI mAtA ke rUpa meM hI varNita karate haiM / aJjanA ke jIvana kA vRttAnta savistara nahIM dete / vimalasUri aJjanA ke jIvana meM ghaTI huI aneka vyAmizra ghaTanAoM kA bayAna karate haiM / 2. donoM rAmAyaNoM meM varNita aJjanA kA kula, mAtA-pitA, janma tathA varasaMzodhana vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke anusAra aJjanA pUrvabhava meM 'puJjikasthalA' nAma kI vikhyAta apsarA thI / RSi kI zApavANI se vaha isa janma meM vAnara kula meM janmI thI / tathApi usameM svecchAnusAra rUpa dhAraNa karane kA sAmarthya thA / aJjanA 'kuJjara' nAmaka vAnarAdhipati kI kanyA thI / vaha atyaMta rUpavAna thI / vimalasUri ke anusAra vaha mahendra aura hRdayasundarI ina vidyAdhara yugala kI sabase choTI rUpavatI kanyA thI / mahendra rAjA ke mantriyoM ne aJjanA 4. aMjaNAsuMdarI vIvAhavihANAhiyAro, paumacariyaM, uddeza 15 pavaNaMjayaaMjaNAsundarIbhogavihANAhiyAro, paumacariyaM, uddeza 16 aMjaNANivyAsaNa-haNuuppattiahiyAro, paumacariyaM, uddeza 17 pavaNaMjaya-aMjaNAsuMdarIsamAgamavihANaM, paumacariyaM, uddeza 18 apsarApsarasAM zreSThA vikhyAtapuJjikasthalA / aJjanetiparikhyAtA patrI kesariNo hareH // vikhyAtA triSu lokeSu rupeNApratimA bhuvi / abhizApAdabhUttAta kapitve kAmarUpiNI // duhitA vAnarendrasya kuJjarasya mahAtmanaH / kiSkindhA-kANDa, sarga 66, zloka kra. 8, 9, 10 ko pahalI paMkti aha hiyayasuMdarIe, mahindabhajjAe~ pavaraputtANaM / jAyaM sayaM kameNaM, arindamAI surUvANaM / bhaiNI tANa kaNiTThA, varaaJjaNasundari ti nAmeNaM / rUvANi rUviNINaM, hoUNa va hojja nimmaviyA // paumacariyaM, uddeza 15, gAthA kra. 11-12
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________________ 66 anusandhAna 42 ke vivAha ke vividha prastAva rakheM / yadyapi mahendra vidyAdhara rAvaNa kA sAmanta thA, tathApi rAvaNa tathA usake putra aneka yuvatiyoM ke svAmI hone ke kAraNa usane yaha prastAva ThukarAyA / vidyutprabha-kumAra vidyAdhara the / tathApi unakI sAMsArika virakti ke kAraNa mahendra ne yaha prastAva bhI nahIM svIkArA / pralhAda aura kIrtimatI isa vidyAdhara-yugala kA putra 'pavanaJjaya' rAjA mahendra ko aJjanA ke lie anurUpa lagA / vivAha kA prastAva mAnya huA / vAlmIki tathA vimalasUri donoM ne aJjanA ke anupameya sauMdarya kA ullekha kiyA hai| vimalasUri ne use 'zApita kanyA' nahIM kahA hai ! kathAnaka rasapUrNa hone ke lie aJjanA ke mAtApitA, varasaMzodhana Adi ke bAre meM vistAra se kahA hai / aJjanA ko 'vAnarI' na mAnakara vAnaravaMza kI vidyAdhara kanyA kahA hai| vimalasUri ke anusAra rAmAyaNa ke vAnara pU~chavAle vAnara prANI nahIM hai| 'vAnara' unake vaMza kA nAma hai aura unake dhvajapara 'vAnara' kA cinha' hai| hanumAna ke vAnaravaMza kI samIkSA karate hue paM. zrI. dA. sAtavalekarajI ne bhI apanI kitAba meM vimalasari ke isa mata kI paSTi kI hai| yadyapi vAlmIki ne 'aJjanA' ko rUpaparivartanavidyA kI dhAriNI mAnA hai tathApi 7. paumacariyaM, uddeza 15, gAthA kra. 15-27 8. jaM jassa havai niyayaM narassa logammi lakkhaNAvayavaM / taM tassa hoi nAmaM, guNehi guNapaccayanimittaM / / ikkhUNa ya ikkhAgo, jAo vijjAharANa vijjAe / taha vANarANa vaMso,vANaraciMdheNa nivvaDio // vANaraciMdheNa ime, chattAinivesiyA kaI jeNa / vijjAharA jaNeNaM, vuccaMti u vANarA teNa // paumacariyaM, 6.86, 89-90 vAnarajAti kA bandaroM jaisA veSa thA / hanumAna jaba rAmalakSmaNa se milane ke lie RSyamUka parvata se nIce utarA taba usane tapasvI kA veSa dhAraNa kiyA / bAda meM puna: bhikSu rUpa chor3akara vAnara rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA / pR. 404, zrIrAmAyaNa mahAkAvya (paMcamabhAga), kiSkindhA-kANDa, paM. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara, san 1952
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________________ Disembara 2007 vimalasUri ne use vidyAdharI mAnanA hI samucita samajhA hai / 3. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM 'kesarI' tathA jaina rAmAyaNa meM 'pavanaJjaya' vAlmIki kahate haiM, 'kuMjara nAmaka vAnara kI kanyA aJjanA 'kesarI' nAmaka vAnarayuvaka kI patnI banI / eka bAra aJjanA suMdara strI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara ke girivihAra kara rahI thI / 'vAyu' ne use dekhA / usa para mohita huA / usane aJjanA ko AliMgana diyA / aJjanA saMbhrAnta hokara bolI, 'mujha pativratA kA pAtivratya yaha kauna bhraSTa kara rahA hai ?' vAyu bolA, 'he yazasvinI, maiMne mAnasika upabhoga lekara merA teja tujhameM rakhA hai / tujhe vIrya, dhairya, buddhisampanna, tejasvI putra hogA / vega meM tathA laMbI chalAMga lagAne meM vaha mere jaisA hogaa|' aJjanA santuSTa huI / eka guphA meM hanumAna ko janma diyaa| isa prakAra hanumAna vAyu kA aurasa putra (Biological father) tathA kesarI kA kSetraja (legal father) putra thA / yaha pUrA ghaTanAkrama vimalasUri ko tArkika dRSTi se asambhavanIya lgaa| jaise ki (1) vAnarI aJjanA dvArA sundara strI kA rUpa grahaNa karanA, (2) paMcamahAbhUtoM meM se eka honevAle vAyu ne AliGgana denA, (3) mAnasika upabhoga ke dvArA aJjanA ke garbha kA AdhAna karanA, (4) aJjanA ne khuda ko 'pativratA' kahanA tathA garbha ke AdhAna se saMtuSTa honA, (5) kesarI ke ghara na jAkara ekAnta guphA meM prasUta honA, (6) kesarI ne vAyu ke aurasa putra ko khuda ke kSetraja jyeSTha putra ke svarUpa meM svIkAranA / vimalasari ne apane DhaMga se kathA kI atArkikatA dUra karake aJjanA aura pavanaJjaya kA vRttAnta isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai / aJjanA aura pavanaJjaya kA vivAha unake mAtApitA ne taya kiyA / vivAha tIna dina ke bhItara hI karanA thA / saundaryavatI aJjanA kA viraha 10. kiSkindhA-kANDa, sarga 66 zloka kra. 10-30
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________________ 68 anusandhAna 42 pavanaJjaya ko sahana nahIM huaa| vaha usako milane gayA / vahA~ aJjanA aura sakhiyoM meM vidyutprabhakumAra kI bAteM calI thii| aJjanA ne prativAda na karane ke kAraNa caMcala vRtti kA pavanaJjaya krodhita huA rUTha kara sainyasahita kUca karane lagA / mAtApitA ne samajhA-bujhAkara vivAha racAyA / pahalI hI rAta meM vaha aJjanA kA tiraskAra karake calA gyaa| bAIsa sAla taka aJjanA zIlapAlana karatI huI usakI rAha dekhatI rahI / kisI kAraNavaza acAnaka virahavyathA se vyAkula pavanaJjaya sirpha eka rAta ke lie aJjanA ke pAsa AyA / unakA milana huaa| kisI ko sUcita kiye binA pavanaJjaya calA gyaa| garbhavatI aJjanA para pavanaJjaya ke kisI svajana ne vizvAsa nahIM kiyA / cAritrahInatA kA Aropa lagAkara use ghara se nikAla diyA / aJjanA ke mAtApitA ne bhI dhikkArA / apanI priya sakhI ke sAtha ghUmatI huI aJjanA ne eka guphA meM bAlaka ko janma diyaa| guphA meM padhAre amitagati muni ke sAtha aJjanA ne bAtacIta kii| apanA duHkha batAyA / muni ne pUrvajanma ke bAre meM kahakara sAntvanA dI / aJjanA ke mAmA aJjanA kI khoja karate hue vahA~ pahu~ce / mAmA una tInoM ko apane hanuruhapura nAmaka nagara meM le gaye / pavanaJjaya bhI phira se aJjanA kI viraha vyathA se vyAkula hokara use DhU~Dhane - khojane lagA / pavanajaMya kI khoja meM nikale hue mAmA ne use dekhA / donoM hanuruhapura vApasa gaye / aJjanA aura pavanaJjaya kA milana huA / 1 aJjanApavanaJjayavRttAnta kA prastutIkaraNa karate samaya vimalasUri ne nimnalikhita bAteM dhyAna meM rakhIM hogIM * 11. 'vAyu aura 'kesarI' ina donoM vyaktirekhAoM ke svabhAvavizeSa ekatrita karake vimalasUri ne 'pavanaJjaya' kA vyakticitraNa kiyA hai / aJjanA para mohita honA, acAnaka usake kakSa meM padhAranA, bAteM sunakara krodhita hokara nikala jAnA, vivAha kara ke tatkAla parityAga karanA, bAIsa sAla dUra rahanA, sirpha eka rAta ke lie vApasa AnA, usakI virahavyathA se vyAkula hokara annatyAga karanA / ina saba ghaTanAoM kI utpatti lagAne ke lie vimalasUrine 'caMcalatA' ko pavanaJjaya ke svabhAva kA paumacariyaM, uddeza 15, 16, 17, 18
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________________ Disembara 2007 sthAyIbhAva mAnA / pavanaJjaya ke lie 'pavanagati' tathA 'pavanavega' ina donoM nAmoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| puruSoM ke caMcala svabhAva ke kAraNa striyoM ko jo bhugatanA par3atA hai, use mAnoM pratIkasvarUpa hI 'aJjanA' kA AyuSya citrita kiyA hai / aJjanA ko 'pativratA' mAnanA aura usane vAyu ke dvArA putra hone para saMtuSTa honA, ye donoM ghaTanAyeM aJjanA ke cAritrya ke bAre meM prazna upasthita karate haiM / pati ke rUpa meM sirpha 'pavanaJjaya' ko prastuta karake vimalasUri ne aJjanA kA kalaMka dUra kiyA hai| * pati ke dvArA parityaktA strI kI nirAdhAra avasthA ko bhI unhoMne tatkAlIna sAmAjikatA se adhorekhita kiyA hai / niraparAdha aJjanA ke duHkha kA spaSTIkaraNa pUrvakarma tathA karmasiddhAMta ke dvArA kiyA hai| * 'mAmA' ke rUpa meM mAnavIya svabhAva ke acche aMza para bhI prakAza DAlA vAlmIki ne hanumAna ko vAyu kA 'aurasa' tathA kesarI kA kSetraja' putra mAnakara yaha bAta vahIM choDa dI / usakA koI spaSTIkaraNa nahIM diyaa| vimalasUri ne 'kesarI' aura 'vAyu' donoM alaga vyaktirekhAyeM na mAnakara isa kalaMka ko haTAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vimalasUri kA striyoM ke prati dRSTikoNa mAnavIya tathA sahRdayatA kA thaa| * vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM kesarI aura aJjanA ke jIvanavRttAnta ke saba chUTe hue kacce dhAge ekatrita karake vimalasUri ne eka upakathAnaka ThIka taraha se prastuta kiyA / isa kathA se vimalasUri ne aJjanA kA satItva ujAgara kiyA / ___ apabhraMza meM kavi svayambhUdvArA viracita 'paumacariu' meM aMjanAkathA ke prastutIkaraNa meM prAya: vimalasUri kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai / kavi svayambhUdeva kA kAla dasavIM zatAbdI hai|
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________________ 70 anusandhAna 42 upasaMhAra vAlmikI rAmAyaNa meM upasthita asambhAvya ghaTanAyeM tathA adbhuta aura atArkika aMzoM ko dUra karake tArkika AdhAra para usakI pratiSThA karanA yahI vimalasUrikRta jaina rAmAyaNa kA uddiSTa hai / isI uddiSTa kA anusaraNa karake vimalasUri ne aJjanA kI kathA prastuta kI hai / vimalasUri ke aJjanApavanaJjayavRttAnta kI vizeSatAe~ isa prakAra haiM* kisI adbhuta vara yA zApa kA AdhAra na lenA / * kathAnaka pravAhita hone ke lie kRtrimatA kA AdhAra na lekara mAnavIya svabhAva ke vizeSoM kA upayojana karanA / satI aJjanA kA caritra niSkalaGkatA se prastuta karanA / * niraparAdha aJjanA ke duHkhoM kA karmasiddhAnta ke AdhAra se spaSTIkaraNa denA / * striyoM ke prati mAnavIya tathA sahRdaya dRSTikoNa apanAnA / * prasaMgopAtta sAmAjika tathyoM para prakAza DAlanA / uparyukta bAtoM kA AdhAra lekara vimalasUri ne vAlmIki dvArA prastuta saMkSipta evaM truTita, aJjanAkathA ko eka paripUrNa upakathAnaka ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| sandarbha grantha 1. paumacariyaM, vimalasUri, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI, ahamadAbAda 2. zrImadvAlmIkoyarAmAyaNam, gItApresa, gorakhapura 3. zrIrAmAyaNa mahAkAvya, kiSkindhA-kANDa, paM. zrIpAda dAmodara sAtavalekara pAraDI (ji. sUrata), 1952 4. bhAratIya saMskRti-koza Research Assistant, Sanmati-Teerth, Research Institute of Prakrit & Jainology, Recognised by Pune University, Firodiya Hostel, BMCC Road, Pune-4.