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________________ anekatA meM ekatA bhAratavarSa meM dArzanika vicAra-dhArA kA jitanA vikAsa huA hai, utanA anyatra nahIM huaa| bhAratavarSa darzana kI janmabhUmi hai| yahA~ bhinna-bhinna darzanoM ke bhinna-bhinna vicAra, binA kisI pratibandha aura niyantraNa ke, phalate-phalate rahe haiN| yadi bhArata ke sabhI purAne darzanoM kA paricaya diyA jAe, to eka bahuta vistRta grantha ho jaaegaa| ataH adhika vistAra meM na jAkara saMkSepa meM hI bhArata ke bahuta purAne pA~ca dArzanika vicAroM kA paricaya yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI ina darzanoM kA astitva thA aura Aja bhI bahuta se loga ina darzanoM ke vicAra rakhate haiN| pA~coM ke nAma isa prakAra hai-- 1. kAlavAda, 2. svabhAvavAda. 3. karmavAda. 4. paruSArthavAda aura 5. niytivaad| ina pA~coM darzanoM kA Apasa meM bhayaMkara vaicArika saMgharSa hai aura pratyeka darzana paraspara meM eka-dUsare kA khaNDana kara mAtra apane hI dvArA kArya-siddha hone kA dAvA karatA hai| 1. kAlavAda: kAlavAda kA darzana bahuta purAnA hai| vaha kAla ko hI sabase bar3A mahattva detA hai| kAlavAda kA kahanA hai ki saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI kArya ho rahe haiM, saba kAla ke prabhAva se hI ho rahe hai| kAla ke binA svabhAva, karma, puruSArtha aura niyati kucha bhI nahIM kara skte| eka vyakti pApa yA puNya kA kArya karatA hai, parantu usI samaya use usakA phala nahIM miltaa| samaya Ane para hI kArya kA acchA yA burA phala prApta hotA hai| eka bAlaka yadi vaha Aja hI janmA ho, to Apa use kitanA hI calAeMge, lekina vaha cala nahIM sktaa| kitanA hI bulavAie, bola nahIM sktaa| samaya Ane para hI calegA aura bolegaa| jo bAlaka Aja sera-bhara kA patthara nahIM uThA sakatA, vaha kAla-paripAka ke bAda yuvA hAna para manabhara ke patthara ko uThA letA hai| Ama kA vRkSa Aja boyA hai, to kyA Apa aAja hI usake madhura phaloM kA rasAsvAdana kara sakate hai ? varSoM ke bAda kahIM Amraphala ke darzana hoNge| grISmakAla meM hI sUrya tapatA hai| zItakAla meM hI zIta par3atA hai| yuvAvasthA meM hI puruSa ke dAr3hI-muche AtI haiN| manuSya svayaM kucha nahIM kara sktaa| samaya Ane para hI saba kArya hote haiN| yaha kAla kI mahimA hai / 2 svabhAvavAda: svabhAva-vAda kA darzana bhI kucha kama nahIM hai| vaha bhI apane samarthana meM bar3e hI ne tarka upasthita karatA hai| svabhAvavAda kA kahanA hai ki saMsAra meM jo kucha bhI kArya ho rahe haiM, ve saba vastuoM ke apane svabhAva ke prabhAva se hI ho rahe haiN| svabhAva ke binA kAla, karma, niyati Adi kucha bhI nahIM kara sakate / Ama kI guThalI meM grAma kA vRkSa hone kA svabhAva hai, isI kAraNa mAlI kA puruSArtha saphala hotA hai, aura samaya para vRkSa taiyAra ho jAtA hai| yadi kAla hI saba-kucha kara sakatA hai, to kyA kAla nibaulI se Ama kA vRkSa utpanna kara sakatA hai? kabhI nhiiN| svabhAva kA badalanA bar3A kaThina kArya hai| kaThina kyA, asambhava kArya hai| nIma ke vakSa ko varSoM-varSa gur3a aura ghI se sIMcate rahie, kyA vaha madhura ho sakatA hai ? dahI mathane se hI makkhana nikalatA hai, pAnI se nahIM, kyoMki dahI meM hI makkhana dene anekatA meM ekatA Jain Education Interational
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________________ kA svabhAva hai / agni kA svabhAva uSNatA hai, jala kA svabhAva zItalatA hai, sUrya kA svabhAva prakAza karanA hai aura tAroM kA svabhAva rAta meM camakanA hai| pratyeka vastu apane svabhAva ke anusAra kArya kara rahI hai / svabhAva ke samakSa vicAre kAla Adi kyA kara sakate haiM ? 3 karmavAda : karmavAda kA darzana to bhAratavarSa meM bahuta cira-prasiddha darzana hai| yaha eka prabala dArzanika vicAradhArA hai / karmavAda kA kahanA hai ki kAla, svabhAva, puruSArtha Adi saba nagaNya haiN| saMsAra meM sarvatra karma kA ho ekachatra sAmrAjya hai / dekhie -- eka mAtA ke udara se eka sAtha do bAlaka janma lete haiM, unameM eka buddhimAna hotA hai, aura dUsarA vajramUrkha ! Upara kA vAtAvaraNa eka hone para bhI paraspara bheda kyoM hai ? manuSya ke nAte saba manuSya eka samAna hone para bhI unameM karma ke kAraNa hI bheda haiN| bar3e-bar3e buddhimAna catura puruSa bhUkhoM marate haiM aura vajramUkhaM gaddI takiyoM ke sahAre seTha banakara ArAma karate haiM / eka ko mA~gane para bhIkha bhI nahIM milatI, dUsarA roja hajAroM rupaye kharca kara DAlatA ketana para kapar3e ke nAma para cithar3e bhI nahI haiM, aura dUsare ke yahA~ kutte bhI makhamala ke gaddoM para leTA karate haiN| yaha saba kyA hai? apane-apane karma hai / rAjA ko raMka aura raMka ko rAjA banAnA, karma ke bAe~ hAtha kA khela hai| tabhI to eka vidvAn ne kahA hai--' gahanA karmaNo gatiH' arthAt karma kI gati bar3I gahana hai / 1 eka 4 puruSArthavAda : puruSArthavAda kA bhI saMsAra meM kama mahattva nahIM hai| yaha ThIka hai ki logoM ne puruSArthavAda ke darzana ko abhI taka acchI taraha nahIM samajhA hai aura unhoMne karma, svabhAva, kAla Adi ko hI adhika mahattva diyA hai / parantu puruSArthavAda kA kahanA hai ki binA puruSArtha ke saMsAra kA eka bhI kArya saphala nahIM ho sktaa| saMsAra meM jahA~ kahIM bhI, jo bhI kArya hotA dekhA jAtA hai, usake mUla meM kartA kA apanA puruSArtha hI chipA hotA hai / kAlavAda kahatA hai ki samaya Ane para hI saba kArya hotA hai / parantu usa samaya meM bhI yadi puruSArtha ho, to kyA ho jAegA ? zrama kI guThalI meM grAma paidA karane kA svabhAva hai, parantu kyA fart puruSArtha ke yoM hI koThe meM rakhI huI guThalI meM grAma kA per3a laga jAegA ? karma kA phala bhI binA puruSArtha ke yoM hI hAtha dharakara baiThe rahane se mila jAegA ? saMsAra meM manuSya jo bhI unnati kI hai, vaha apane prabala puruSArtha ke dvArA hI kI hai| Aja kA manuSya havA meM ur3a rahA hai, sAgara meM taira rahA hai, pahAr3oM ko miTTI ke Dhele kI taraha tor3a rahA hai, cA~da para evaM anya grahoM para pahu~ca rahA hai, paramANu aura udjana bama jaise mahAn zrAviSkAroM ko taiyAra karane meM saphala ho rahA hai / yaha saba manuSya kA apanA puruSArtha nahIM, to aura kyA hai ? eka manuSya bhUkhA hai, kaI dina kA bhUkhA hai| koI dayAlu sajjana miThAI kA thAla bharakara sAmane rakha detA hai| vaha nahIM khAtA hai| miThAI lekara muMha meM DAla detA hai, phira bhI nahIM cabAtA hai, aura gale se nIce nahIM utAratA hai / aba kahie, binA puruSArtha ke kyA hogA ? kyA yoM hI bhUkha bujha jAegI ? Akhira muMha meM DAlI huI miThAI ko cabAne kA aura cabAkara gale ke nIce utArane kA puruSArthaM to karanA hI hogA ! tabhI to kahA gayA hai -- "puruSa ho, puruSArtha karo, uTho / " 5 niyativAda : niyativAda kA darzana jarA gambhIra hai| prakRti ke aTala niyamoM ko niyati kahate haiM / niyativAda kA kahanA hai - saMsAra meM jitane bhI kArya hote haiM, saba niyati ke adhIna hote haiM / sUrya pUrva meM hI udaya hotA hai, pazcima meM kyoM nahIM ? kamala jala meM hI utpanna ho sakatA hai, zilA para kyoM nahIM ? pakSI prakAza meM ur3a sakate haiM, gadhe ghor3e kyoM nahIM ur3ate ? haMsa zveta kyoM haiM, aura kauvA kAlA kyoM hai ? pazu ke cAra paira hote haiM, manuSya ke 86 pannA samikkha dhammaM
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________________ do hI kyoM ? agnI kI jvAlA jalate hI Upara ko kyoM jAtI hai, vaha nIce ko kyoM nahIM jAtI? ina saba praznoM kA uttara kevala yahI hai ki prakRti kA jo niyama hai, vaha anyathA nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vaha anyathA hone lage, to phira saMsAra meM pralaya hI ho jaae| sUrya pazcima meM ugane lage, agni zItala ho jAe, gadhe-ghoDe AkAza meM uDane lage to phira saMsAra meM koI vyavasthA hI na rhe| niyati ke aTala siddhAnta ke samakSa anya saba siddhAnta tuccha / haiN| koI bhI vyakti prakRti ke aTala niyamoM ke pratikUla nahIM jA sktaa| ataH niyati hI saba se mahAn hai| kucha prAcArya niyati kA artha honahAra bhI kahate haiN| jo honahAra hai, vaha hokara rahatA hai, use koI TAla nahIM sktaa| isa prakAra uparyukta pA~coM vAda apane-apane vicAroM kI khIMcAtAna karate hue, dUsare vicAroM kA khaNDana karate haiN| isa khaNDana-maNDana ke kAraNa sAdhAraNa janatA meM bhrAntiyA~ utpanna ho gaI hai| vaha satya ke mUla marma ko samajhane meM asamartha hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vicAroM ke isa saMgharSa kA bar3I acchI taraha samAdhAna kiyA hai| saMsAra ke sAmane unhoMne vaha satya prakaTa kiyA, jo kisI kA khaNDana nahIM karatA, apitu sabakA samanvaya karake jIvananirmANa ke lie upayogI prAdarza prastuta karatA hai| samanyavAda: bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza hai ki pAMcoM hI vAda apane-apane sthAna para ThIka hai, saMsAra meM jo bhI kArya hotA hai, vaha ina pA~coM ke samanvaya se arthAt mela se hotA hai| aisA kabhI nahIM ho sakatA ki eka hI zakti apane bala para kArya siddha kara de| buddhimAna manuSya ko Agraha chor3akara sabakA samanvaya karanA caahie| binA samanvaya kie, kArya meM saphalatA 'prAzA rakhanA darAzAmAtra hai| ekAnta rUpa se kisI eka hI pakSa kA aAgraha rakhanA ucita nahIM hai| Agraha se kadAgraha aura kadAgraha se vigraha antatogatvA paidA hI hotA hai| yaha ho sakatA hai ki kisI kArya meM koI eka pradhAna ho aura dUsare saba gauNa hoM, parantu yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki koI akelA hI svatantra rUpa se kArya siddha kara de| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza pUrNatayA satya hai| hama ise samajhane ke lie grAma bonevAle mAlI kA udAharaNa le sakate haiN| mAlI bAga meM grAma kI guThalI botA hai, yahA~ pA~coM kAraNoM ke samanvaya se hI vRkSa hogaa| Ama kI guThalI meM Ama paidA hone kA svabhAva hai parantU bone kA aura bokara rakSA karane kA puruSArtha na ho to kyA hogA? bone kA puruSArtha bhI kara liyA, parantu binA nizcita kAla kA paripAka hue, prAma yoM hI jaldI thor3e hI taiyAra ho jAe~ge? kAla kI maryAdA pUrI hone para bhI yadi zubha karma anukUla nahIM hai, to phira bhI Ama nahIM lagane kaa| kabhI-kabhI kinAre aAyA huA jahAja bhI DUba jAtA hai| aba rahI niyati / vaha saba kucha hai hii| Ama se Ama honA prakRti kA niyama hai, isase kauna inkAra kara sakatA hai ? aura Ama honA hotA hai, to hotA hai, nahIM honA hotA hai, to nahIM hotA hai| hA~ yA nA, jo honA hai, use koI TAla nahIM sktaa| par3hane vAle vidyArthI ke lie bhI pA~coM Avazyaka haiN| par3hane ke lie citta kI ekAgratA rUpa svabhAva ho, samaya kA yoga bhI diyA jAe, puruSArtha yAnI prayatna bhI kiyA jAe, azubha karma kA kSaya tathA zabha karma kA udaya bhI ho aura prakRti ke niyama niyati evaM bhavitavyatA kA bhI dhyAna rakhA jAe; tabhI vaha par3ha-likha kara vidvAn ho sakatA hai| anekAntavAda ke dvArA kiyA jAnevAlA yaha samanvaya hI vastutaH janatA ko satya kA prakAza dikhalA sakatA hai| vicAroM ke bha~vara-jAla meM Aja manuSya kI buddhi phaMsa rahI hai| ekAntavAda kA Agraha rakhane ke kAraNa, vaha kisI bhI samasyA kA ucita samAdhAna nahIM pA rahA hai| samasyA kA samAdhAna pAne ke lie use jaina-darzana ke isa anekAntavAda arthAt samanvayavAda ko samajhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| anekatA meM ekatA 87