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________________ anekAntavAda kI maryAdA jainadharma kA mUla___ koI bhI viziSTa darzana ho yA dharma pantha, usakI AdhArabhUta-usake mUla pravartaka puruSa kI-eka khAsa dRSTi hotI hai; jaise ki-zaMkarAcArya kI apane matanirUpaNa meM 'advaita dRSTi' aura bhagavAn buddha kI apane dharma-pantha pravartana meM 'madhyama pratipadA dRSTi' khAsa dRSTi hai / jaina darzana bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka viziSTa darzana hai aura sAtha hI eka viziSTa dharma-pantha bhI hai, isalie usake pravartaka aura pracAraka mukhya puruSoM kI eka khAsa dRSTi unake mUla meM honI hI cAhie aura vaha hai bhI / yahI dRSTi anekAntavAda hai| tAttvika jaina-vicAraNA athavA prAcAravyavahAra jo kucha bhI ho vaha saba anekAnta dRSTi ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai| athavA yoM kahie ki aneka prakAra ke vicAroM tathA zrAcAroM meM se jaina vicAra aura jainA cAra kyA haiM ? kaise ho sakate haiM ? inheM nizcita karane va kasane kI eka mAtra kasauTI bhI anekAnta dRSTi hI hai / anekAnta kA vikAsa aura usakA zreya__ jaina-darzana kA Adhunika mUla-rUpa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI tapasyA kA phala hai / isalie sAmAnya rUpa se yahI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki jaina-darzana kI AdhArabhata anekAnta-dRSTi bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA hI pahale pahala sthira kI gaI yA udbhAvita kI gaI hogii| parantu vicAra ke vikAsa krama aura purAtana itihAsa ke ciMtana karane se sApha mAlUma par3a jAtA hai ki anekAnta duSTi kA mUla bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhI purAnA hai / yaha ThIka hai ki jaina-sAhitya meM anekAnta-dRSTi kA jo svarUpa aAjakala vyavasthita rUpa se aura vikasita rUpa se milatA hai vaha svarUpa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI kisI jaina yA jainatara sAhitya meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, to bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI vaidika-sAhitya meM aura usake samakAlIna bauddhasAhitya meM anekAnta-daSTi-garbhita bikhare hue vicAra thor3e bahuta mila hI jAte haiN| isake sivAya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha hue haiM jinakA vicAra Aja yadyapi unhIM ke zabdoM meM--asala rUpa meM nahIM pAyA jAtA
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________________ 150 jaina dharma aura darzana phira bhI unhoMne anekAnta-dRSTi kA svarUpa sthira karane meM athavA usake vikAsa meM kucha na kucha bhAga jarUra liyA hai, aisA pAyA jAtA hai / yaha saba hote hue bhI upalabdha-sAhitya kA itihAsa spaSTa rUpa se yahI kahatA hai ki 2500 varSa ke bhAratIya sAhitya meM jo anekAnta-dRSTi kA thor3A bahuta asara hai yA khAsa taura se jaina-vADmaya meM anekAnta-dRSTi kA utthAna hokara kramazaH vikAsa hotA gayA hai aura jise dUsare samakAlIna dArzanika vidvAnoM ne apane-apane granthoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM apanAyA hai usakA mukhya zreya to bhagavAn mahAvIra ko hI hai; kyoMki jaba hama Aja dekhate haiM to upalabdha jaina-prAcIna granthoM meM anekAnta dRSTi kI vicAradhArA jisa spaSTa rUpa meM pAte haiM usa spaSTa rUpa meM use aura kisI prAcIna grantha meM nahIM paate| nAlaMdA ke prasiddha bauddha vidyApITha ke prAcArya zAntarakSita apane 'tattvasaMgraha anya meM anekAntavAda kA parIkSaNa karate hue kahate haiM ki vipra-mImAMsaka, nigraMtha jaina aura kApila-sAMkhya ina tInoM kA anekAntavAda samAna rUpa se khaNDita ho jAtA hai| isa kathana se yaha pAyA jAtA hai ki sAtavIM-AThavIM sadI ke bauddha zrAdi vidvAn anekAntavAda ko kevala jaina-darzana kA hI vAda na samajhate the kintu yaha mAnate the ki mImAMsaka, jaina aura sAMkhya tInoM darzanoM meM anekAntavAda kA . zrAzrayaNa hai aura aisA mAnakara hI ve anekAntavAda kA khaNDana karate the / hama jaba mImAMsaka darzana ke zlokavArtika Adi aura sAMkhya yoga darzana ke pariNAmavAda sthApaka prAcIna grantha dekhate haiM to niHsandeha yaha jAna par3atA hai ki una granthoM meM bhI jaina granthoM kI taraha anekAnta-dRSTi malaka vicAraNA hai / ata. eva zAntarakSita jaise vividha darzanAbhyAsI vidvAn ke isa kathana meM hameM tanika bhI sandeha nahIM rahatA ki mImAMsaka, jaina aura kApila tInoM darzanoM meM anekAntavAda kA avalambana hai| parantu zAntarakSita ke kathana ko mAnakara aura mImAMsaka tathA sAMkhya yoga darzana ke granthoM ko dekhakara bhI eka bAta to kahanI hI par3atI hai ki yadyapi anekAnta-vRSTi mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya yoga-darzana meM bhI hai tathApi vaha jaina darzana ke granthoM kI taraha ati spaSTa rUpa aura ati vyApaka rUpa meM una darzanoM ke granthoM meM nahIM pAI jaatii| jaina-vicArakoM ne jitanA jora aura jitanA puruSArtha anekAnta dRSTi ke nirUpaNa meM lagAyA hai, usakA zatAMza bhI kisI darzana ke vidvAnoM ne nahIM lagAyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja jaba koI 'anekAntavAda' yA 'syAdvAda' zabda kA uccAraNa karatA hai taba sunanevAlA vidvAn usase sahasA jaina-darzana kA hI bhAva grahaNa karatA hai| Ajakala ke bar3e-bar3e vidvAn taka bhI yahI samajhate haiM ki 'syAdvAda' yaha to jainoM kA hI eka vAda hai|
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________________ anekAntavAda kI maryAdA 151 isa samajha kA kAraNa hai ki jaina vidvAnoM ne syAdvAda ke nirUpaNa aura samarthana meM bahuta bar3e bar3e grantha likha DAle haiM, aneka yuktiyoM kA AvirbhAva kiyA hai aura anekAntavAda ke zastra ke bala se hI unhoMne dUsare dArzanika vidvAnoM ke sAtha kuztI kI hai| isa carcA se do bAteM spaSTa ho jAtI haiM--eka to yaha ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane upadezoM meM anekAntavAda kA jaisA spaSTa zrAzraya liyA hai vaisA unake samakAlIna aura pUrvavartI darzana pravartakoM meM se kisI ne bhI nahIM liyA hai| dUsarI rAta yaha ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI jaina AcAryoM ne anekAnta dRSTi ke nirUpaNa aura samarthana karane meM jitanI zakti lagAI hai utanI aura kisI bhI darzana ke anugAmI AcAryoM ne nahIM lagAI / anekAnta dRSTi ke mUla tattva jaba sAre jaina vicAra aura prAcAra kI nIMva anekAnta dRSTi hI hai taba pahale yaha dekhanA cAhie ki anekAnta dRSTi kina tattvoM ke AdhAra para khar3I kI gaI hai ? vicAra karane aura anekAnta dRSTi ke sAhitya kA avalokana karane se mAlUma hotA hai ki anekAnta dRSTi satya para khar3I hai / yadyapi sabhI mahAn puruSa satya ko pasanda karate haiM aura satya kI hI khoja tathA satya ke hI nirUpaNa meM apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM, tathApi satya nirUpaNa kI paddhati aura satya kI khoja saba kI eka sI nahIM hotii| buddhadeva jisa zailI se satya kA nirUpaNa karate haiM yA zaGkarAcArya upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para jisa DhaMga se satya kA prakAzana karate haiM usase bha. mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana kI zailI judA hai| bha0 mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana zailI kA hI dUsarA nAma 'anekAntavAda' hai / usake mUla meM do tattva hai-pUrNatA aura yathArthatA / jo pUrNa hai aura pUrNa hokara bhI yathArtha rUpa se pratIta hotA hai vahI satya kahalAtA hai| anekAnta kI khoja kA uddezya aura usake prakAzana kI zarte-- vastu kA pUrNa rUpa meM trikAlAbAdhita yathArtha darzana honA kaThina hai, kisI ko vaha ho bhI jAya tathApi usakA usI rUpa meM zabdoM ke dvArA ThIka-ThIka kathana karanA usa satyadraSTA aura satyavAdI ke lie bhI bar3A kaThina hai / koI usa kaThina kAma ko kisI aMza meM karanevAle nikala bhI Ae~ to bhI deza, kAla, paristhiti, bhASA aura zailI Adi ke anivArya bheda ke kAraNa una saba ke kathana meM kucha na kucha virodha yA bheda kA dikhAI denA anivArya hai / yaha to huI una pUrNadarzI aura satyavAdI ine-gine manuSyoM kI bAta, jinheM hama sirpha kalpanA yA anumAna se
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________________ 152 jaina dharma aura darzana.. samajha yA mAna sakate haiN| hamArA anubhava to sAdhAraNa manuSyoM taka parimita hai aura vaha kahatA hai ki sAdhAraNa manuSyoM meM bhI bahuta se yathArthavAdI hokara bhI pUrNadaza hote haiN| aisI sthiti meM yathArthavAditA hone para bhI apUrNa darzana ke kAraNa aura use prakAzita karane kI apUrNa sAmagrI ke kAraNa satyapriya manuSyoM kI bhI samajha meM kabhI-kabhI bheda yA jAtA hai aura saMskAra bheda unameM aura bhI pArasparika Takkara paidA kara detA hai / isa taraha pUrNadazoM aura apUrNadarza sabhI satyavAdiyoM ke dvArA anta meM bheda aura virodha kI sAmagrI Apa hI Apa prastuta ho jAtI hai yA dUsare loga unase aisI sAmagrI paidA kara lete haiM / aisI vastu sthiti dekhakara bha0 mahAvIra ne socA ki aisA kauna sA rAstA nikAlA jAe jisase vastu kA pUrNa yA apUrNa satya darzana karanevAle ke sAtha anyAya na ho / apUrNa aura apane se virodhI hokara bhI yadi dUsare kA darzana satya hai, isI taraha pUrNa aura dUsare se virodhI hokara bhI yadi apanA darzana satya hai to donoM ko hI nyAya mile isakA bhI kyA upAya hai ? isI ciMtanapradhAna tapasyA ne bhagavAn ko anekAnta dRSTi sujhAI, unakA satya saMzodhana kA saMkalpa siddha huA / unhoMne usa milI huI anekAntadRSTi kI cAbI se vaiyaktika aura sAmaSTika jIvana kI vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika samasyAoM ke tAle khola diye aura samAdhAna prApta kiyA / taba unhoMne jIvanopayogI vicAra aura AcAra kA nirmANa karate samaya usa anekAnta dRSTi ko nimnalikhita mukhya zartoM para prakAzita kiyA aura usake anusaraNa kA apane jIvana dvArA unhIM zartoM para upadeza diyA / ve zarteM isa prakAra haiM 1 - rAga aura dveSajanya saMskAroM ke vazIbhUta na honA arthAt tejasvI madhyastha bhAva rakhanA / 2 --jaba taka madhyastha bhAva kA pUrNa vikAsa na ho taba taka usa lakSya kI ora dhyAna rakhakara kevala satya kI jijJAsA rakhanA / 3 - kaise bhI virodhI bhAsamAna pakSa se na ghabarAnA aura apane pakSa kI taraha usa pakSa para bhI AdarapUrvaka vicAra karanA tathA apane pakSa para bhI virodhI pakSa kI taraha tIvra samAlocaka dRSTi rakhanA / 4 - apane tathA dUsaroM ke anubhavoM meM se jo jo aMza ThIka ja~ca - cAhe ve virodhI hI pratIta kyoM na hoM una satrakA viveka prajJA se samanvaya karane kI udAratA kA abhyAsa karanA aura anubhava bar3hane para pUrva ke samanvaya meM jahA~ galatI mAlUma ho vahA~ mithyAbhimAna chor3a kara sudhAra karanA aura isI krama se Age bar3hanA /
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________________ anekAntavAda kI maryAdA 153 . anekAnta sAhitya kA vikAsa- bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta dRSTi ko pahale apane jIvana meM utArA thA aura usake bAda hI dUsaroM ko isakA upadeza diyA thaa| isalie anekAntadRSTi kI sthApanA aura pracAra ke nimitta unake pAsa kAphI anubhavabala aura tapobala thA / ataeva unake mUla upadeza meM se jo kucha prAcIna avazeSa Ajakala pAe jAte haiM una AgamagranthoM meM hama anekAnta-dRSTi ko spaSTa rUpa se pAte haiM sahI, para usameM tarkavAda yA khaNDana-maNDana kA vaha jaTila jAla nahIM pAte jo ki pichale sAhitya meM dekhane meM AtA hai| hameM una Agama granthoM meM anekAntadRSTi kA sarala svarUpa aura saMkSipta vibhAga hI najara AtA hai| parantu bhagavAn ke bAda jaba unakI dRSTi para saMpradAya kAyama huaA aura usakA anugAmI samAja sthira huA tathA bar3hane lagA, tantra cAroM ora se anekAnta-dRSTi para hamale hone lge| mahAvIra ke anugAmI prAcAryoM meM tyAga aura prajJA hone para bhI, mahAvIra jaisA spaSTa jIvana kA anubhava aura tapa na thA / isalie unhoMne una hamaloM se bacane ke lie naiyAyika gautama aura vAtsyAyana ke kathana kI taraha vAdakathA ke uparAnta jalpa aura kahIM-kahIM vitaNDA kA bhI prAzraya liyA hai| anekAnta-dRSTi kA jo tattva unako virAsata meM milA thA usake saMrakSaNa ke lie unhoMne jaise bana par3A vaise kabhI vAda kiyA, kabhI jalpa aura kabhI vitaNDA / isake sAtha hI sAtha unhone anekAnta dRSTi ko nirdoSa sthApita karake usakA vidvAnoM meM pracAra bhI karanA cAhA aura isa cAhajanita prayala se unhoMne anekAnta-dRSTi ke aneka marmoM ko prakaTa kiyA aura unakI upayogitA sthApita kI / isa khaNDanamaeDana, sthApana aura pracAra ke karIba do hajAra varSoM meM mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ne sirpha anekAnta-dRSTi viSayaka itanA bar3A grantha samUha banA DAlA hai ki usakA eka khAsA pustakAlaya bana sakatA hai| pUrva-pazcima aura dakkhina uttara hindustAna ke saba bhAgoM meM saba samayoM meM utpanna honevAle aneka choTe-bar3e aura pracaNDa AcAryoM ne aneka bhASAoM meM kevala anekAMta-dRSTi aura usameM se phalita hone vAle vAdoM para. daNDakAraNya se bhI kahIM vistRta, sUkSma aura jaTila carcA kI hai| zurU meM jo sAhitya anekAnta-dRSTi ke avalambana se nirmita huA thA usake sthAna para pichalA sAhitya khAsa kara tArkika sAhitya-mukhyatayA anekAnta-dRSTi ke nirUpaNa tathA usake Upara anya vAdiyoM ke dvArA kiye gae AkSepoM ke nirAkaraNa karane ke lie racA gayA / isa taraha saMpradAya kI rakSA aura pracAra kI bhAvanA meM se jo kevala anekAnta viSayaka sAhitya kA vikAsa huzrA hai usakA varNana karane ke lie eka khAsI judI pustikA kI jarUrata hai| tathApi itanA to
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________________ jaina dharma aura darzana 54 yahA~ nirdeza kara denA hI cAhie ki samantabhadra aura siddhasena, haribhadra aura kalaGka, vidyAnanda aura prabhAcandra, abhayadeva aura vAdidevasUri tathA hemacandra aura yazovijayajI jaise prakANDa vicArakoM ne jo anekAnta dRSTi ke bAre meM likhA hai vaha bhAratIya darzana - sAhitya meM bar3A mahattva rakhatA hai aura vicArakoM ko unake granthoM meM se manana karane yogya bahuta kucha sAmagrI mila sakatI hai / phalitavAda - anekAnta-dRSTi to eka mUla haiM, usake Upara se aura usake grAzraya paravividha vAdoM tathA carcAoM kA zAkhA prazAkhAtroM kI taraha bahuta bar3A vistAra huA hai| usameM se mukhya do vAda yahA~ ullikhita kiye jAne yogya haiM--eka nayavAda aura dUsarA saptabhaMgIvAda / anekAnta dRSTi kA zrAvirbhAva AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura dArzanika pradeza meM huA isalie usakA upayoga bhI pahale-pahala vahIM honA nivArya thA / bhagavAn ke irdagirda aura unake anuyAyI AcAryoM ke samIpa jojo vicAra dhArAe~ cala rahI thIM unakA samanvaya karanA anekAnta-dRSTi ke lie. Avazyaka thA / isI prAsa kArya meM se 'nayavAda' kI sRSTi huI / yadyapi kisIkisI naya ke pUrvavartI aura uttaravatIM udAharaNoM meM bhAratIya darzana ke vikAsa ke anusAra vikAsa hotA gayA hai / tathApi darzana pradeza meM se utpanna honevAle nayavAda kI udAharaNamAlA bhI Aja taka dArzanika hI rahI hai / pratyeka naya kI vyAkhyA aura carcA kA vikAsa huA hai para usakI udAharaNamAlA to dArzanikakSetra ke bAhara se AI hI nahIM / yahI eka bAta samajhAne ke lie paryApta hai ki satra kSetroM ko vyApta karane ko tAkata rakhanevAle anekAnta kA prathama zrAvirbhAva kisa kSetra meM huA aura hajAroM varSoM ke bAda taka bhI usakI carcA kisa kSetra taka parimita rahI ? bhAratIya darzanoM meM jaina-darzana ke atirikta, usa samaya jo darzana prati prasiddha ye aura pIche se jo prati prasiddha hue unameM vaizeSika, nyAya, sAMkhya, aupaniSadavedAnta, bauddha aura zAbdika ye hI darzana mukhya haiN| ina prasiddha darzanoM ko pUrNa satya mAnane meM vastutaH tAttvika aura vyAvahArika donoM ApattiyA~ thIM aura unheM bilakula satya kaha dene meM satya kA ghAta thA isalie unake bIca meM rahakara unhIM meM se satya ke gaveSaNa kA mArga sarala rUpa meM logoM ke sAmane pradarzita karanA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki hama upalabdha samagra jaina- vAGmaya meM nayavAda ke bheda-prabheda aura unake udAharaNa taka ukta darzanoM ke rUpa meM tathA unakI vikasita zAkhAoM ke rUpa meM hI pAte haiN| vicAra kI jitanI paddhatiyA~ usa samaya maujUda
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________________ 155 anekAntavAda kI maryAdA thIM, unake samanvaya karane kA Adeza-anekAnta-dRSTi ne kiyA aura usameM se nayavAda phalita huA jisase ki dArzanika mArA-mArI kama ho; para dUsarI tarapha eka-eka vAkya para adhairya aura nAsamajhI ke kAraNa paNDita-gaNa lar3A karate the| eka paNDita yadi kisI cIja ko nitya kahatA to dUsarA sAmane khar3A hokara yaha kahatA ki vaha to anitya hai, nitya nhiiN| isI taraha phira pahalA paNDita dusare ke viruddha bola uThatA thA / sirpha nityatva ke viSaya meM hI nahIM kintu pratyeka aMza meM yaha jhagar3A jahA~-tahA~ hotA hI rahatA thaa| yaha sthiti dekhakara anekAnta dRSTi vAle tatkAlIna zrAcAryoM ne usa jhagar3e kA anta anekAnta-raSTi ke dvArA karanA cAhA aura usa prayatna ke pariNAma svarUpa 'saptamaGgIvAda' phalita huaa| anekAnta-dRSTi ke prathama phalasvarUpa nayavAda meM to darzanoM ko sthAna milA hai aura usI ke dUsare phalasvarUpa sasabhaGgIvAda meM kisI eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM pracalita virodhI kathanoM ko yA vicAroM ko sthAna milA hai| pahale vAda meM samUce saba darzana saMgRhIta haiM aura dUsare meM darzana ke vizakalita mantavyoM kA samanvaya hai| pratyeka phalitavAda kI sUkSma carcA aura usake itihAsa ke lie yahA~ sthAna nahIM hai aura na utanA avakAza hI hai tathApi itanA kaha denA jarUrI hai ki anekAntadRSTi hI mahAvIra kI mUla raSTi aura svatantra dRSTi hai / nayavAda tathA saptabhaGgIvAda Adi to usa dRSTi ke aitihAsika paristhiti anusArI prAsaMgika phala mAtra haiN| ataeva naya tathA saptabhaGgI Adi vAdoM kA svarUpa tathA unake udAharaNa badale bhI jA sakate haiM, para anekAnta-dRSTi kA svarUpa to eka hI prakAra kA raha sakatA haibhale hI usake udAharaNa badala jaaeN| anekAnta-dRSTi kA asara____ jaba dUsare vidvAnoM ne anekAnta-dRSTi ko tattvarUpa meM grahaNa karane kI jagaha sAMpradAyikavAda rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA taba usake Upara cAroM ora se AkSapoM ke prahAra hone lge| bAdarAyaNa jaise sUtrakAroM ne usake khaNDana ke lie sUtra raca DAle aura una sUtroM ke bhASyakAroM ne usI viSaya meM apane bhASyoM kI racanAe~ kI / vasubandhu, diGnAga, dharmakIrti aura zAMtarakSita jaise bar3e bar3e prabhAvazAlI bauddha vidvAnoM ne bhI anekAntavAda kI pUrI khabara lii| idhara se jaina vicAraka vidvAnoM ne bhI unakA sAmanA kiyA / isa pracaNDa saMgharSa kA anivArya pariNAma yaha AyA ki eka ora se anekAnta-dRSTi kA tarkabaddha vikAsa huA aura dUsarI ora se usakA prabhAva dUsare virodhI sAMpradAyika vidvAnoM para bhI par3A / dakSiNa hindustAna meM pracaNDa digambarAcAryoM aura prakANDa mImAMsaka tathA vedAnta ke vidvAnoM ke bIca
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________________ 156 jaina dharma aura darzana. zAstrArtha kI kuztI huI usase anta meM anekAnta-dRSTi kA hI asara adhika phailA / yahA~ taka ki rAmAnuja jaise bilakula jainatva virodhI pakhara zrAcArya ne zaMkarAcArya ke mAyAvAda ke viruddha apanA mata sthApita karate samaya Azraya to sAmAnya upaniSadoM kA liyA para unameM se viziSTAdvaita kA nirUpaNa karate samaya anekAntadRSTi kA upayoga kiyA, athavA yoM kahie ki rAmAnuja ne apane DhaMga se anekAntadRSTi ko viziSTAdvaita kI ghaTanA meM pariNata kiyA aura aupaniSada tatva kA jAmA pahanA kara anekAMta-dRSTi meM se viziSTAdvaitavAda khar3A karake anekAnta-daSTi kI ora AkarSita janatA ko vedAnta mArga para sthira rakhA / puSTi-mArga ke puraskartA vallabha jo dakSiNa hindustAna meM hue, unake zuddhAdva ta-viSayaka saba tattva, haiM to aupaniSadika para unakI sArI vicArasaraNI anekAnta-dRSTi kA nayA vedAntIya svA~ga hai / idhara uttara aura pazcima hindustAna meM jo dUsare vidvAnoM ke sAtha zvetAmbarIya mahAn vidvAnoM kA khaNDanamaNDana-viSayaka dvandva huzrA usake phalasvarUpa anekAntavAda kA asara janatA meM phailA aura sAMpradAyika DhaMga se anekAMtavAda kA virodha karanevAle bhI jAnate anajAnate. anekAMta-dRSTi ko apanAne lge| isa taraha vAda rUpa meM anekAMta-dRSTi aAja taka jainoM kI hI banI huI hai tathApi usakA asara kisI na kisI rUpa meM ahiMsA kI taraha vikRta yA ardhavikRta rUpa meM hindustAna ke haraeka bhAga meM phailA huA hai| isakA sabUta saba bhAgoM ke sAhitya meM se mila sakatA hai| vyavahAra meM anekAnta kA upayoga na hone kA natIjA jisa samaya rAjakIya ulaTa phera kA aniSTa pariNAma sthAyI rUpa se dhyAna meM AyA na thA, sAmAjika burAiyA~ Aja kI taraha asahya rUpa meM khaTakatI na thIM, udyoga aura khetI kI sthiti Aja ke jaisI astavyasta huI na thI, samajhapUrvaka yA binA samajhe loga eka taraha se apanI sthiti meM saMtuSTaprAya the aura asaMtoSa kA dAvAnala Aja kI taraha vyApta na thA, usa samaya prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM se AvirbhUta anekAnta dRSTi kevala dArzanika pradeza meM rahI aura sirpha carcA tathA vAdavivAda kA viSaya banakara jIvana se alaga rahakara bhI usane apanA astitva kAyama rakhA, kucha pratiSThA bhI pAI, yaha saba usa samaya ke yogya thA / parantu Aja sthiti bilakula badala gaI hai| duniyA ke kisI bhI dharma kA tattva kaisA hI gaMbhIra kyoM na ho, para aba vaha yadi usa dharma kI saMsthAoM taka yA usake paNDitoM tathA dharmagurutroM ke pravacanoM taka hI parimita rahegA to isa vaijJAnika prabhAva vAle jagata meM usakI kadara purAnI kabra se adhika nahIM hogii| anekAnta
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________________ anekAntavAda kI maryAdA 157 dRSTi aura AdhArabhUta ahiMsA-ye donoM tattva mahAn se mahAn haiM, unakA prabhAva tathA pratiSThA jamAne meM jaina sampradAya kA bar3A bhArI hissA bhI hai para isa bIsavIM sadI ke viSama rASTrIya tathA sAmAjika jIvana meM una tattvoM se yadi koI khAsa phAyadAna pahu~ce to maMdira, maTha aura upAzrayoM meM hajAroM paNDito ke dvArA cillAhaTa macAe jAne para bhI unheM koI pUchegA nahIM, yaha niHsaMzaya bAta hai / jainaliMgadhArI saikar3oM dharmaguru aura saikar3oM paMDita anekAnta ke bAla kI khAla dina-rAta nikAlate rahate haiM aura ahiMsA kI sUkSma carcA meM khUna sukhAte tathA sira taka phor3A karate haiM, tathApi loga apanI sthiti ke samAdhAna ke lie unake pAsa nahIM phaTakate / koI javAna unake pAsa pahu~ca bhI jAtA hai to vaha turanta unase pUcha baiThatA hai ki "aApake pAsa jaba samAdhAnakArI anekAnta-dRSTi aura ahiMsA tattva maujUda haiM taba Apa loga Apasa meM hI gairoM kI taraha bAtabAta meM kyoM TakarAte haiM ? maMdira ke lie, tIrtha ke lie, dhArmika prathAoM ke lie, sAmAjika rIti rivAjoM ke lie yahA~ taka ki veza rakhanA to kaisA rakhanA, hAtha meM kyA pakar3anA, kaise pakar3anA ityAdi bAlasulabha bAtoM ke lie-Apa loga. kyoM Apasa meM lar3ate haiM ? kyA ApakA anekAntavAda aise viSayoM meM koI mArga nikAla nahIM sakatA 1 kyA Apake anekAntavAda meM aura ahiMsA tattva meM privIkAunsila, hAIkorTa athavA mAmUlI adAlata jitanI bhI samAdhAnakAraka zakti nahIM hai ? kyA hamArI rAjakIya tathA sAmAjika ulajhanoM ko sulajhAne kA sAmarthya Apake ina donoM tattvoM meM nahIM hai ? yadi ina saba praznoM kA acchA samAdhAnakAraka uttara aApa asalI taura se 'hA~' meM nahIM de sakate to Apake. pAsa Akara hama kyA kareMge ? hamAre jIvana meM to pada-pada para aneka kaThinAiyA~ AtI rahatI haiN| unheM hala kiye binA yadi hama hAtha meM pothiyA~ lekara kathaMcit ekAneka. kathaMcit bhedAbheda aura kathaMcit nityAnitya ke khAlI nAre lagAyA kareM to isase hameM kyA lAbha pahu~cegA ? athavA hamAre vyAvahArika tathA AdhyAtmika jIvana meM kyA pharka par3egA ?" aura yaha saba pUchanA hai bhI ThIka, jisakA uttara denA unake lie asaMbhava ho jAtA hai / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki ahiMsA aura anekAnta kI carcAvAlI pothiyoM kI, una pothIvAle bhaNDAroM kI, unake racanevAloM ke nAmoM ko tathA unake racane ke sthAnoM kI itanI adhika pUjA hotI hai ki usameM sirpha phUloM kA hI nahIM kintu sone-cA~dI tathA javAharAta taka kA Dhera laga jAtA hai to bhI usa pUjA ke karane tathA karAnevAloM kA jIvana dUsaroM jaisA prAyaH pAmara hI najara AtA hai aura dUsarI tarapha hama dekhate haiM to yaha spaSTa najara AtA hai ki gAMdhIjI ke ahiMsA
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________________ .158 jaina dharma aura darzana tattva kI ora sArI duniyA dekha rahI hai aura unake samanvayazIla vyavahAra ke kAyala unake pratipakSI taka ho rahe haiN| mahAvIra kI ahiMsA aura anekAnta dRSTi kI DauMDI pITanevAloM kI ora koI dhImAn A~kha uThAkara dekhatA taka nahIM aura gAMdhIjI kI tarapha sArA vicAraka-varga dhyAna de rahA hai| isa antara kA kAraNa kyA hai ? isa savAla ke uttara meM saba kucha A jAtA hai aba kaisA upayoga honA cAhie ? __ anekAnta-dRSTi yadi AdhyAtmika mArga meM saphala ho sakatI hai aura ahiMsA kA siddhAnta yadi AdhyAtmika kalyANa sAdhaka ho sakatA hai to yaha bhI mAnanA cAhie ki ye donoM tattva vyAvahArika jIvana kA zreya avazya kara sakate haiM; kyoMki jIvana vyAvahArika ho yA AdhyAtmika-para usakI zuddhi ke svarUpa meM bhinnatA ho hI nahIM sakatI aura hama yaha mAnate haiM ki jIvana kI zuddhi anekAnta dRSTi aura ahiMsA ke sivAya anya prakAra se ho hI nahIM sakatI. isalie hameM jIvana vyAvahArika yA zrAdhyAtmika kaisA hI pasaMda kyoM na ho para yadi use unnata banAnA iSTa hai to usa jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM anekAnta dRSTi ko tathA ahiMsA tattva ko prasapUrvaka lAgU karanA hI cAhie / jo loga vyAvahArika jIvana meM ina do tatvoM kA prayoga karanA zakya nahIM samajhate unheM sirpha AdhyAtmika kahalAnevAle jIvana ko dhAraNa karanA caahie| isa dalIla ke phalasvarUpa antima prazna yahI hotA hai ki taba isa samaya ina donoM tattvoM kA upayoga vyAvahArika jIvana meM kaise kiyA jAe ? isa prazna kA uttara denA hI anekAntavAda kI maryAdA hai| jaina samAja ke vyAvahArika jIvana kI kucha samasyAe~ ye haiM 1---samagra vizva ke sAtha jaina dharma kA asalI mela kitanA aura kisa prakAra kA ho sakatA hai ? 2-rASTrIya Apatti aura saMpatti ke samaya jaina dharma kaisA vyavahAra rakhane kI ijAjata detA hai ? 3-sAmAjika aura sAmpradAyika bhedoM tathA phUToM ko miTAne kI kitanI zakti jaina dharma meM hai ? __ yadi ina samasyAoM ko hala karane ke lie anekAnta danTi tathA ahiMsA kA upayoga ho sakatA hai to vahI upayoga ina donoM tattvoM kI prANapUjA hai aura yadi aisA upayoga na kiyA jA sake to ina donoM kI pUjA sirpha pASANapUjA yA zabda pUjA mAtra hogii| paraMtu maiMne jahA~ taka gaharA vicAra kiyA hai usase
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________________ kAntavAda kI maryAdA . 156 yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki ukta tInoM kA hI nahIM kintu dUsarI bhI vaisI saba samasyAoM kA vyAvahArika samAdhAna, yadi prajJA hai to anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA tathA ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ke dvArA pUre taura se kiyA jA sakatA hai / udAharaNa ke taura para jainadharma pravRtti mArga hai yA nivRtti mArga ? isa prazna kA uttara, anekAntadRSTi kI yojanA karake, yoM, diyA jA sakatA hai - " jainadharma pravRtti aura nirRtti ubhaya mArgAvalambI hai / pratyeka kSetra meM jahA~ sevA kA prasaMga ho vahA~ arpaNa kI pravRtti kA Adeza karane ke kAraNa jaina-dharma pravRttigAmI hai aura jahA~ bhoga-vRtti kA prasaMga ho vahA~ nivRtti kA pradeza karane ke kAraNa nivRttagAmI bhI hai / " parantu jaisA Ajakala dekhA jAtA hai, bhoga meM arthAt dUsaroM se suvidhA grahaNa karane meM--pravRtti karanA aura yoga meM arthAt dUsaroM ko apanI suvidhA dene meM - nivRtti dhAraNa karanA, yaha anekAnta tathA hiMsA kA vikRta rUpa athavA unakA spaSTa maMga hai / zvetAmbarIya digambarIya jhagar3oM meM se kucha ko lekara una para bhI anekAntadRSTi lAgU karanI cAhie / nagnatva aura vastradhAritva ke viSaya meM dravyArthika paryAyArthika-ina do nayoM kA samanvaya barAbara ho sakatA hai / jainatva arthAt vItarAgatva yaha to dravya ( sAmAnya hai aura nagnatva tathA vastradhAritva, evaM nagnatva tathA vastradhAraNa ke vividhasvarUpa - ye satra paryAya (vizeSa) haiM / ukta dravya zAzvata hai| para usake ukta paryAya sabhI azAzvata tathA vyApaka haiM / pratyeka paryAya yadi dravyasambaddha hai- dravya kA bAdhaka nahIM hai to vaha satya hai anyathA sabhI satya haiM / isI taraha jIvanazuddhi yaha dravya haiM aura strItva yA puruSatva donoM paryAya haiM / yahI bAta tIrtha ke aura mandira ke hakoM ke viSaya meM ghaTAnI cAhie / nyAta, jAta aura phikoM ke bAre meM bhedAbheda bhaGgI kA upayoga karake hI jhagar3A nipaTAnA cAhie | utkarSa ke sabhI prasaMgoM meM abhinna arthAt eka ho jAnA aura apakarSa ke prasaMgoM meM bhinna rahanA arthAt dalabandI na karanA / isI prakAra vRddha lagna, aneka patnIgrahaNa, punarvivAha jaise vivAdAspada viSayoM ke lie bhI kathaMcit vidheya-vidheya kI bhaMgI prayukta kiye binA samAja samaMjasa rUpa se jIvita raha nahIM sakatA / cAhe jisa prakAra se vicAra kiyA jAe para Ajakala kI paristhiti meM to yaha sunizcita hai ki jaise siddhasena, samaMtabhadra Adi pUrvAcAryoM ne apane samaya ke vivAdAspada pakSa pratipakSoM para anekAnta kA aura tajjanita naya Adi vAdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai vaise hI hameM bhI upasthita praznoM para unakA prayoga karanA hI cAhie / yadi hama aisA karane ko taiyAra nahIM haiM to utkarSa kI abhilASA rakhane kA bhI hameM koI adhikAra nahIM hai /
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________________ 160 jaina dharma aura darzana anekAnta kI maryAdA itanI vistRta aura vyApaka hai ki usameM se saba viSayoM para prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai| isalie koI aisA bhaya na rakheM ki prastuta vyAvahArika viSayoM para pUrvAcAryoM ne to carcA nahIM kI, phira yahA~ kyoM kI gaI ? kyA yaha koI ucita samajhegA ki eka tarapha se samAja meM avibhaktatA kI zakti kI jarUrata hone para bhI vaha choTI-choTI jAtiyoM athavA upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta hokara barabAda hotA rahe, dUsarI tarapha se vidyA aura upayoga kI jIvanaprada saMsthAoM meM bala lagAne ke bajAya dhana, buddhi aura samaya kI sArI zakti ko samAja tIrthoM ke jhagar3oM meM kharca karatA rahe aura tIsarI tarapha jisa vidhavA meM saMyama pAlana kA sAmarthya nahIM hai usa para saMyama kA bojha samAja balapUrvaka lAdatA rahe tathA jisameM vidyAgrahaNa evaM saMyamapAlana kI zakti hai usa vidhavA ko usake lie pUrNa maukA dene kA koI prabaMdha na karake usase samAja kalyANa kI abhilASA rakheM aura hama paNDitagaNa sanmatitarka tathA prAptamImAMsA ke anekAnta aura nayavAda viSayaka zAstrArthoM para dina rAta sirapaccI kiyA kareM ? jisameM vyavahAra buddhi hogI aura prazA kI jAgRti hogI vaha to yahI kahegA ki anekAnta kI maryAdA meM se jaise kabhI AsamImAMsA kA janma aura sanmatitaka kA AvirbhAva huA thA vaise hI usa maryAdA meM se Ajakala 'samAja mImAMsA' aura 'samAja tarka' kA janma honA cAhie tathA usake dvArA anekAMta ke itihAsa kA upayogI pRSTha likhA jAnA caahie| I0 1630] 'anekAnta'