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________________ AkAza kI avadhAraNA : AgamoM ke vizeSa sandarbha meM DaoN. vijaya kumAra pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.... bhAratIya darzana kI prAyaH sabhI zAkhAoM meM AkAza kI phira deshaatmk| madhyayugIna dArzanikoM meM vizeSataH santa oNgasTAina avadhAraNA dekhI jAtI hai| aMtara kevala mAnyatAoM kA hai| cArvAka ne deza ko vastuoM se svataMtra koI astitva nahIM mAnA hai| use paMcamahAbhUtoM (pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza) ke renedekArta jo buddhivAdI dArzanika hai, ne deza ko vyApti (Extention) rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai to bauddha darzana meM vasubandhu AkAza kA kahakara use jar3a vastuoM kA maulika guNa maanaa| unake anusAra varNana 'tatrAkAzaM anAvRtti' kahakara karate haiN|' arthAt AkAza vistAra jar3a kA bhautika dharma hai| jo jar3a meM nihita hotA hai jar3a na to dUsaroM ko AvRtta karatA hai aura na hI dUsaroM se AvRtta hotA ke vistAra se bhinna athavA alaga nahIM mAnA jA sakatA aura na hai| kisI bhI rUpa (vastu) ko apane meM praveza karane se nahIM hI donoM ko eka-dUsare se alaga kara sakate haiN| hameM kabhI bhI roktaa| ata: AkAza dharma hai tathA nitya aparivartanazIla asaMskRta kisI aisI vastu yA padArtha kA bodha nahIM hotA jo deza meM phailA (jisakA utpAda-vinAza nahIM hotA) dharma hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ke na ho| yahA~ yaha dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki dekArta kI dRSTi meM anusAra AkAza eka sarala (amizrita) niraMtara sthAyI tathA vistAra (Extention) tathA deza (Space) donoM eka hI haiN| ataH ananta dravya hai| yaha zabda kA adhiSThAna hai jo raMga, rasa, gaMdha aura spaSTa hotA hai ki dekArta ke anusAra vistAra jar3a padArtha kA sparza Adi guNoM se rahita hai| apanayana kI kriyA dvArA spaSTa ho maulika dharma hai| lAinija ke anusAra deza aura kAla kI koI jAtA hai ki zabda AkAza kA viziSTa guNa hai| vastutaH yaha apanI svataMtra sattA nahIM hotii| usake anusAra hama loga vastuoM niSkriya hai kintu samasta bhautika padArtha isake sAtha saMyukta ko bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM aura sthitiyoM meM dekhate haiM yathA, yahA~ pAye jAte haiN| sAMkhya-darzana ekamAtra prakRti tattva ko mAnakara vahA~ dUra najadIka ityAdi aura isake AdhAra para hI deza kI usI se prakRti kI sArI vastuoM kI utpatti mAnatA hai| isake kalpanA kara lete haiN| ataH deza kI koI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai| anusAra zabda tanmAtrA se zabda guNavAle AkAza kI utpatti unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai-deza (Space) kAla, gati, sthiratA hotI hai| jaina-darzana meM paMcAstikAya kI avadhAraNA mAnya hai| AkAra Adi pratyayoM kI utpatti mana se hotI hai, kyoMki buddhi dharma, adharma, AkAza jIva aura pudgala paMcAstikAya ke aMtargata hI inakA AdhAra hai, jinakA kisI bhI prakAra bAhya jagata se Ate haiN| inhIM paMcAstikAyoM meM kAla ko samAvezita karake chaha saMbaMdha hotA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki lAinija deza kI dravyoM kI sattA mAnI gaI hai| AkAza inhIM chaha dravyoM meM se eka yathArtha sattA nahIM mAnate, kyoMki ve pUrNa rUpa se ise mAnasika hai| (jaina matAnasAra AkAza ke svarUpa kI carcA Age kI athavA bauddhika mAnate haiN| imAnuela kANTa ke anusAra deza jaaegii)| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhAratIya darzana meM AkAza kevala prAga anubhava aMta:darzana kI upaja hai| unakA mAnanA hai ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM matabhinnatA hai| ki deza koI aisA AnubhAvika pratyaya nahIM jise bAhya anubhUtiyoM - AkAza ke viSaya meM uparyakta matabhinnatAe~ na kevala bhAratIya se pUrNataH asaMbaddha kahA jaae| yaha dikhAne ke lie jo saMvedanAe~ darzana balki pAzcAtya darzana meM bhI dekhane ko milatI hai| arasta hameM prApta hotI haiM, unakA bAhya vastuoM se saMbaMdha hai tathA yaha ke deza (Space) viSayaka vicAroM ke bAre meM kacha vidvAnoM kA jAnane ke lie ki ve vastue~ na kevala hamase bAhara aura aura eka mAnanA hai ki arasta-darzana meM deza vaha hai jisameM vastae~ sthita haiN| dUsare se bhinna haiM balki ve bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para bhI haiM. deza ko anya vidvAnoM ke anusAra arasta ne deza kI sattA ko vastaoM para unake AdhAra rUpa meM mAnanA Avazyaka hai| tAtparya hai ki bAhya nirbhara mAnA hai| plaoNTinasa ne deza kI utpatti ko vastaoM kI anubhUtiyA~ tabhI saMbhava haiM jaba saMvedanAe~ deza rUpI sA~ce meM Dhalakara utpatti ke bAda kI ghaTanA mAnA hai| vastae~ pahale dravyAtmaka haiM. hamArI cetanA meM praveza kreN| ata: siddha hai ki deza saMvedana marithroomirandomorridordroidrordnidminim 53Hairidiodidnidaniodwordbrdairanirandard
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________________ -tIndrasUrismAraka grandha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma - grAhitA ke pUrvAnubhAvika tatva hai| mizAla ke taura para yadi hama (Time) dvArA vyavasthita hokara hI hamArI cetanA meM praveza karatI eka phUla kI kalpanA karate haiM to isake sAtha hI deza kA vicAra haiM to prazna hotA hai ki saMvadena-sAmagriyA~ deza aura kAla ko bhI A jAtA hai, kyoMki gulAba kucha na kucha dik gheratA hai aura sadA hI usI rUpa meM vyavasthita kyoM karatI haiM, jaisA ki hama unheM isI prakAra gulAba kI upasthiti kisI na kisI kAla meM hotI dekhate haiM, ve kyoM nahIM unheM kisI bhinna athavA dUsare rUpa meM hai| ata: kANTa ke anusAra deza aura kAla kI kalpanA to vyavasthita karatI haiN| mizAla ke taura para hama hamezA kyoM yaha vastuoM ke abhAva meM saMbhava hai, paraMtu kisI bhI vastu kI kalpanA dekhate haiM ki manuSya kI AMkheM usake mukha ke Upara haiM, usase bhinna binA deza aura kAla ke saMbhava nahIM hai| ata: deza aura kAla athavA dUsare rUpa meM vyavasthita kyoM nahIM ? yadyapi kANTa ne saMvedanagrAhitA ke pUrvAnubhavika tattva haiN| kANTa ke anusAra deza isakA samAdhAna diyA hai, jisakA vistRta vivecana aura kAla pUrvAnubhAvika haiM, yaha isa bAta se bhI siddha hotA hai ki nahIM kara skte| kintu AkAza kI vAstavika sattA ko to deza aura kAla aparimita (Infinite) haiM, jinheM koI bhI vyakti svIkAra karanA hI pdd'egaa| apanI anubhUtiyoM meM nahIM lA sktaa| lAinija ke anusAra bhI AkAza kI svataMtra sattA bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya ciMtakoM ke vicAroM ko dekhane ke nahIM hotii| vastuoM kI bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM aura sthitiyoM ke pazcAta AkAza ke saMbaMdha meM tIna vicAradhArAe~ spaSTa hotI haiM-- AdhAra para hama deza (Space) kI kalpanA kara lete haiN| isa (i) AkAza prAg-anubhava aMta:darzana kI upaja hai| prakAra lAinija AkAza ko jar3a padArthoM se jor3a dete haiN| prazna hotA hai ki yadi bhautika padArthoM kA abhAva hai to AkAza ke (ii) AkAza jar3a padArthoM se jur3A hai yA unakA guNarUpa yA astitva kA bhI hogA? ata: lAinija kI yaha mAnyatA svIkArane kramarUpa hai| yogya nahIM hai| kyoMki AkAza ananta hai aura bhautika jagat (iii) AkAza jar3a aura cetana se sarvathA bhinna eka svataMtra shaaNt| AkAza amUrta hai jabaki bhautika padArtha muurt| sAtha hI vAstavikatA hai| AkAza ko bhautika padArtha kA guNa bhI mAnanA upayukta nahIM prathama vicAradhArA ke samarthakoM meM kANTa kA nAma pramukha jAna par3atA, jaisA ki DekArta ne mAnA hai| sthAna rokanA yA sthAna hai| inakA mAnanA hai ki AkAza svayaM meM koI vAstavika tattva pAnA bhautika padArtha kA guNa hai kintu jisameM sthAna pAyA jAtA nahIM hai, balki hamAre mastiSka kI upaja hai| cU~ki hama vyavahAra meM hai, vaha to usase bhinna hI hotA hai| eka hI sthAna meM aneka vAstavika padArthoM ke vistAra ko dekhate haiM aura yaha anubhava - padAthA kA Azrita hai padArthoM kA Azrita honA aura eka hI padArtha kA kAlAMtara meM karate haiM ki isakA koI na koI AdhAra honA caahie| usa aneka sthAnoM meM Azrita honA Azraya dene vAle tattva ko Azrita AdhAra rUpa meM hama AkAza kI kalpanA kara lete haiN| arthAt tattva se bhinna kara detA hai| dUsarI bAta ki AkAza amUrta hai tathA AkAza AtmaniSTha hai, jJAtA meM nihita hai| vAstavika padArtha yA bhautika padArtha muurt| phira amUrta AkAza mUrta padArtha kA gaNa padArtha kA guNa nhiiN| prazna hotA hai ki vAstavika padArthoM kA kaise bana sakatA hai? AdhAra yadi vAstavika nahIM hotA hai to kAlpanika Azraya ke jaina darzana ke anusAra AkAza sarvavyApI, eka amUrta dvArA unakA TikAva kaise ho sakatA hai| ataH AkAza ko aura ananta pradeza vAlA hai| 'AkAzasyAvagAhaH' AkAza kA vAstavika mAnanA hI par3atA hai| jahA~ taka AkAza ke pUrvAnubhAvika lakSaNa hai / 10 vaha jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura kAla ko aMta:darzana kA prazna hai, jo vastuoM ke pratyakSa karane ke aparihArya sthAna detA hai| ata: vaha avagAhana guNavAlA hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi AdhAra haiN| hamArI sabhI saMvedana-sAmagriyA~ dezakAla dvArA vyavasthita se avarNa, agaMdha, asparza, arUpI, ajIva zAzvata avasthita va hokara hI hamArI cetanA meM praveza karatI haiN| kANTa ke isa mata kI lokAlokarUpa dravya hai / 19 sthAnAGgasUtra ke anusAra vaha dravya AlocanA karate hue varTeNDarasela ne kahA hai- yadi yaha mAna kI apekSA se eka dravya hai| kSetra kI apekSA se lokAloka liyA jAe ki sabhI saMvedana-sAmagriyA~ deza (Space) aura kAla pramANa arthAt sarvavyApaka hai| kAla kI apekSA se vaha dhruva,
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________________ - yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma nizcita, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avyavasthita aura nitya hai| lokAkAza aura alokAkAza kA vibhAjana sarvaprathama bhAva kI apekSA se avarNa, arasa Adi hai tathA guNa kI apekSA AcArAMgasUtra meM dekhA jAtA hai| dvitIya adhyayana meM loka kI se avagAhana guNavAlA hai / 12 avagAhanA cAra prakAra kI batAI carcA karate hue usake tIna bhAga batAe gae haiM--adhobhAga, UrdhvabhAga gaI hai|13 dravyAvagAhanA, kSetrAvagAhanA, kAlAvagAhanA tathA aura tirygbhaag|15 paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne bhI likhA hai bhaavaavgaahnaa| jisa dravya kA jo zarIra yA AkAra hai, vahI ki AcArAMga ke dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma lokavijaya hai tathA usakI dravyAvagAhanA hai, isI prakAra AkAza rUpa kSetra ko pA~caveM adhyayana kA nAma logasAra hai aura usake bIca tiryaga kSetrAvagAhanA, manuSyakSetra rUpa samaya kI avagAhanA ko loka meM manuSya rahatA hai, yaha mAnyatA bhI sthira ho gaI thii|... kAlAvagAhanA tathA bhAva arthAt paryAyoM vAle dravyoM kI avagAhanA sAtha hI lokoM ke tInoM bhAgoM meM jAne kA nirdeza hai, loka ke bhAvAvagAhanA kahalAtI hai| alAvA aloka kI kalpanA bhI dekhI jAtI hai|6 loka ke AkAza ke do vibhAga haiM-lokAkAza tathA alokaakaash|14 . atirikta aloka kI kalpanA jaina-darzana ko chor3akara anya vizva meM jo rikta sthAna hai. vaha lokAkAza tathA vizva ke ke kisI darzana meM dekhane ko nahIM miltii| yaha jaina-darzana kI bAhara rikta sthAna alokAkAza hai| dUsarI bhASA meM jahA~ puNya apanI viziSTatA kA dyotaka hai| isa sandarbha meM AcArya mahAprajJa aura pApa kA phala dekhA jAtA hai vaha loka hai| paNya pApa kA kA mata hai ki aloka kA artha hai kevala AkAza aura loka phala vahIM dekhA jAtA hai jahA~ dharma, adharma kAla, jIva aura kA artha hai cetana aura acetana tattva se saMyukta AkAza / jaina kA atha padagala rahate haiN| ata: vahI lokAkAza hai jahA~ ye saba rahate haiN| -darzana ke anusAra loka-aloka kA vibhAga naisargika hai. jahA~ ina dravyoM kA abhAva hotA hai. vahA~ alokAkAza hai| tAtparya anAdikAlIna hai| vaha kisI IzvarIya sattA dvArA kRta nahIM hai| hai ki jahA~ AkAza hI AkAza hai vahA~ alokAkAza hai| loka kI svIkRti prAyaH sabhI darzanoM ne kI hai| jagat yA sRSTi AkAza anantapradezI, nitya, ananta tathA niSkriya hai| cU~ki ko saba mAnate haiN| kintu ajagata yA asaSTi ko koI dArzanika loka kI sImA hotI hai, kintu aloka kI koI sImA nahIM hotI svIkAra nahIM krtaa| yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI maulika dena hai|17 isalie AkAza ko ananta pradezI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AcArya mahAprajJajI aura mAlavaNiyAjI ke vicAroM se yaha nahIM AkAza kA yaha vibhAjana vastutaH caudaha rajju U~cA puruSAkAra samajhanA cAhie ki donoM meM aMtara hai| basa dRSTi-bheda hai to kathana loka ke kAraNa huA hai| yadyapi AkAza kI dRSTi se lokAkAza kaa| AcArya kA kathana jaina-darzana kI maulikatA para AdhArita aura alokAkAza meM koI bheda nahIM hai| vaha sarvatra ekarUpa hai, to mAlavaNiyA jI kA kathana AgamoM kI aitihAsikatA pr| arthAt sarvavyApaka hai| lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke isa loka se bAhara alokAkAza hai jise vyAkhyA-prajJapti meM vibhAjana ko nimna AkRti se spaSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai-- suSira gola saMsthAnavAlA batalAyA gayA hai| jaina-darzana meM alokAkAza ko golAkAra zUnya vRtta se darzAyA jAtA hai|99 AkAza loka aura aloka donoM meM vidyamAna hai| loka meM sAta avakAzAntara pAye jAte haiN| avakAzAntara AkAza kA eka paryAyavAcI nAma hai|20 ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAlukAprabhA, paGkaprabhA, bhAratIya sRSTi vidyA se sAbhAra dhUmaprabhA, tama:prabhA aura mahAtamaHprabhA ye sAta bhUmiyA~ haiM jo ghanAmbu, vAta aura AkAza para sthita hai / 21 jaina matAnasAra jagat ke samasta padArtha AkAza para hI sthita haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM lokasthiti kA nirUpaNa karate apne FERENCity amitsNRNpara
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________________ -yatIndasUri smAraka gatya Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharmahue kahA gayA hai vAyu (tanuvAta) AkAza para pratiSThita hai| samudra dvArA samarthita hai| paramANu ke do bhAga haiM--ilekTrona aura protton| (ghanodadhi) vAyu para pratiSThita hai| pRthvI samudra para pratiSThita hai| ina donoM ke bIca meM eka avakAza vidya trasa sthAvara prANI pRthvI para pratiSThita hai| ajIva jIva para pratiSThita samasta padArthoM meM se yadi avakAza ko nikAla diyA jAe to hai| jIva karma para pratiSThita hai| ajIva jIva ke dvArA saMgRhIta hai| usakI ThosatA A~vale ke AkAra se vRhat nahIM hogii|26 jIva karma ke dvArA saMgRhIta hai / yahA~ Apatti uThAI jA sakatI hai jaina-darzana dvArA mAnya lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke ki AkAza saba padArthoM kA AzrayadAtA hai, to AkAza ko bhI viSaya meM eka prazra yaha bhI dekhane ko milatA hai ki pahale Azraya dene vAlA koI hogaa| AkAza ko Azraya dene vAlA lokAkAza kI sattA banI yA alokAkAza kii| sAmAnyatayA koI aura hai, aisA mAnane para anavasthA doSa A jaaegaa| yadi aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki saSTi se pUrva zUnya AkAza thA, jisameM bhautika padArtha ko hI AzrayadAtA mAnate haiM to bhI anavasthAdoSa pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu Adi kI utpatti huii| jaisA ki A sakatA hai| kyoMki kisI bhI prakAra kA bhautika padArtha binA chAndogyopaniSada meM varNana AyA hai ki pravAhaNa jaivali se pachA Azraya Tika nahIM sktaa| ataH abhautika dravya AkAza kI gayA ki padArthoM kI caramagati kyA hai? uttarasvarUpa unhoMne kahA dhAraNA karate haiN| ataH AkAza sva-AdhArita hai aura padArthoM ko jisase samasta padArthoM kA udbhava hotA hai, aura aMta meM AkAza Azraya denA usakA svabhAva hai| bhagavatI vRtti meM kahA gayA hai| meM hI vilIna ho jAtA hai / 27 lekina jaina-darzana ke asAra sRSTi AkAza svapratiSThita hai, isalie usakA kisI para pratiSThita hone anAdi aura ananta hai| ata: usake anusAra lokAkAza aura kA ullekha nahIM hai / 23 prazna hotA hai AkAza yadi svapratiSThita hai alokAkAza meM pUrva aura pazcAt kA krama hone kA prazna hI utpanna to phira sabhI dravyoM ko svapratiSThita kyoM na mAna liyA jAe? nahIM honA caahie| bhagavaI meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki lokAnta isakA uttara dete hue DA. mohanalAla mehatA kahate haiM ki nizcaya aura alokAnta pahale bhI the aura Age bhI hoNge| ye donoM dRSTi se to sabhI dravya AtmapratiSThita haiM, kintu vyavahAra-dRSTi se zAzvatabhAva haiN| roha! yaha anAnupUrvI hai-lokAnta aura alokAnta anya dravya AkAzAzrita haiN| ina dravyoM kA saMbaMdha anAdi hai, meM pUrva - pazcAta kA krama nahIM hai / 28 / / anAdi saMbaMdha hote hue bhI inameM zarIra hastAdi kI taraha AdhArAdheya bhAva ghaTa sakatA hai| AkAza anya dravya se adhika vyApaka hai, vaizeSika-darzana dik ko eka svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM ataH sabakA AdhAra hai|24 AkAza sabakA AdhAra hai yaha svIkAra karatA hai| unakI yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM jAna par3atI vyAkhyAprajJapti meM varNita mahAvIra ke isa kathana se bhI spaSTa hotA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra dizA koI svataMtra dravya nahIM hai| AkAza hai| 'AkAzatattva se jIvoM aura ajIvoM ko kyA lAbha hai' ke pradezoM meM sUryodaya kI apekSA dizAoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai| paM. mahendra kumAra jaina kA mAnanA hai ki AkAza ke predazoM meM gaNadhara kI isa jijJAsA ko zAMta karate hue mahAvIra ne kahA hai'gautama ! AkAza nahIM hotA to ye jIva kahA~ hote? ye dharmAstikAya paMktiyA~ sabhI tarapha kapar3e meM taMtu ke samAna zreNIbaddha hai| eka aura adharmAstikAya kahA~ vyApta hote? kAla kahA~ para baratatA? paramANu jitane AkAza ko rokatA hai, vaha pradeza kahalAtA hai| pudgala kA raMgamaMca kahA~ para banatA? yaha vizva nirAdhAra hI hotaa|25 isa nApa se AkAza ke ananta pradeza haiN| yadi hama pUrva, pazcima jagat sarvavyApaka hai| aisI koI bhI jagaha nahIM jahA~ AkAza kI Adi kA vyavahAra hone se dizA ko eka svataMtra dravya mAneMge to , sattA nahIM ho| sAmAnyatayA jise hama Thosa samajhate haiM, unameM bhI pUrvadeza, pazcimadeza Adi vyavahAroM se dezadravya bhI svataMtra mA nA AkAza arthAt rikta sthAna hotA hai| mUrta dravyoM meM bhI AkAza hogA, phira prAMta, jilA Adi aneka svataMtra dravyoM kI kalpanA nihita rahatA hai| misAla ke taura para lakar3I meM jaba hama kIla karanI hogI jo ucita nahIM hai / 29 isa saMbaMdha meM viziSTAdvaitavAdI ThoMkate haiM to kIla lakar3I ke rikta sthAna meM hI samAhita hotI zrI nivAsAcArya kA mata bhI ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne kahA hai - hai| tAtparya hai ki lakaDI meM bhI AkAza hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ke AkAza ke jisa pradeza se sUrya udita hotA hai, usa pradeza ko pUrva anusAra pratyeka padArtha meM avakAza hotA hai| paramANu bhI avakAza dizA kahA jAtA hai tathA vahA~ ke mUrta padArthoM ko pUrva mAnA jAtA zUnya nahIM hai| avakAzAntara kA yaha siddhAMta Adhunika vijJAna / hai| jahA~ sarya astaMgata hotA hai, AkAza kA vahI pradeza pazcima
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________________ 4. -catIndrasUri smAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma - dizA kahalatA hai| sUryodaya meM sUrya kI ora mu~ha karake khar3A hone 3. nyAyasUtra 4:2, 21-22 para jo dAhinI ora AkAza hotA hai use dakSiNa dizA aura bAyIM / mAnavikI-pAribhASika-koSa (darzanakhaNDa), DA. nagendra, ora ke AkAza ko uttara dizA kahate haiN| ataeva AkAza se pR. 168-169 / atirikta dizA nAmaka koI dravya nahIM hai / 30 dizA kI utpatti ke viSaya meM AcArAMga niyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki tiryak loka 5. 5. vahI se dizA aura anudizA kI utpatti hotI hai| AkAza ke do 6.. Our Idea of Space, fugue, motion, rest their origin pradezoM se dizA kA prAraMbha hotA hai aura vaha dizA do-do pradezoM in the common sense, in the mind itself for they are ideas of pure understaing which however, kI vRddhi karatI huI asaMkhya pradezAtmaka bana jAtI hai| anudizA have reference to the exteral world kevala eka dezAtmaka hotI hai| Urdhva aura adhodizA kA prAraMbha Duncen Philosophical works of Leibnitz, p.150 cAra pradezoM se hotA hai| usameM anta taka cAra hI pradeza haiM kintu vRddhi nahIM hotii| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki dizA AkAza se 7. Space in not an empirical concept abstracted from ex ternal experiences. For in order that certain sensations pRthak koI svataMtra dravya nahIM hai| may be refered to something outside me (i.e. someisa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-darzana meM AkAza kI thing in a different position in space from that in which find myself), and further in order that I may be able to avadhAraNA, lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke rUpa meM vibhakta percieve them in outside and besides each other and hai| alokAkAza, jaina-darzana kI maulika avadhAraNA hai| thus as not merely different but indifferent places, the presentation of space must already give the foundalokAkAza loka taka sImita hai, to alokAkAza asImita hai| tion. DA. mohanalAla mehatA kA kahanA hai ki jaba AkAza koI B. Russell History of western Philosophy, P. 741 bhAvAtmaka tattva nahIM hai, taba AkAza ke AdhAra para lokAkAza That the idea of space stems a priori and not from exaura alokAkAza kI kalpanA na karate hue kevala loka aura perience is clear frow the facm that space is 'infinite aloka rUpa vibhAjana ko hI svIkAra karanA caahie|32 kahA which no one can experience or demonstrate further more, it is possible to conceive the complete absence jA sakatA hai ki lokAkAza aura alokAkAza do bhinna dravya of things from space, but not the absence of phenomnahIM haiM, balki AkAza dravya ke hI do rUpa haiN| jahA~ dharma, adharma, enon from time, but not the absence of time itself, which, therefore is given a priori". jIva pudgala aura kAla kI sthiti hai, vaha loka hai aura jahAM isakA abhAva hai vaha aloka hai| vastutaH aloka, loka ke Klinke, Kant for Everyman, P. 84 - 85 cAroM ora vyApta hai, usameM samAyA huA hai| paNNavaNA meM loka 9. There is here......... a difficulty which he seems to have ko AkAzarUpI vastra kI eka kArI yA thigalI kahA gayA hai never felt. What induces me to arrange objects of per ception as I do rather than otherwise ? why for instant, 33 | bhagavatIvRtti meM kahA gayA hai aloka meM AkAza paripUrNa nahIM do I always see people eyes above their mouths and hai| usakA eka bhAga loka meM hai|34 ataH lokAkAza aura not below them ?..... Kant holds that the mind orders raw material of sensation, but never thinks it necessary alokAkAza do nahIM balki eka hI AkAza ke rUpa haiN| yaha to say why it orders it, it does and not otherwise. satya hai ki AkAza iMdriyagamya nahIM hai| isalie isakI siddhi B. Russell, History of western Philosophy, P.741 laukika pratyakSa dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu Agama pramANa se isakI sattA mAnya hai| 10. tattvArthasUtra 5/18 sandarbha 11. AgAsatthikAe avaNNe agaMdhe arase aphAse aruvI ajIve sAsae avaTrie logaalogdvve| sthAnAMgasUtra 5/3/172 1. bauddha-darzana-mImAMsA, AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya, pR. 175 . 12. vahI 2. vaizeSikasUtra 2: 1,27, 29-31 ansardarsanskarodaidodioraniramidnidian 57 Hamritaminoransarsonsidaritaminodridaosaridrda DIGYANMAMAIKHANIDS.PMS
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________________ --yatIndrasUrismAraka grantha - Adhunika sandarbha meM jainadharma - 13. cauvihA ogAhaNA paNNattA, taM jahA-davvogAhaNA, bhagavatIvRtti 1/310 khettogAhaNA, kAlogAhaNA, bhaavogaahnnaa| vahI 4/1/188 24. jaina dharma-darzana, DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pR. 214-215 14. goymaa| duvihe AgAse paNNatte, taMjahA-loyAkAse ya 25. bhagavatI 13/4. udadhata-zrIdevendramani zAstrI. jaina-darzana aloyAgAse yA vahI 2/10/10 / meM AkAza tattva: eka adhyayana, zramaNopAsaka, apraila 15. AyAtacakkhU logavipassI logassa ahobhAgaM jANati u8 . 78, pR. 16 ___bhAgaM jANati, tiriyaM bhAgaM jaannti| AcArAMgasUtra 1/2/5/91 26. bhagavaI, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR. 135 16. jaina-darzana kA AdikAla, paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, 27. taMha pravAhaNo jaivalir ucAva-asya lokasya kA gatir pR. 241-242 itya AkAza iti hovaac| sarvANi ha vA imAni bhUtAnyA 17. bhagavaI, pR. 134 kAzAd evaM samutpadyante, AkAzaM pratyastam yAntyA kAzohya 18. aloe NaM bhNte| kikhaMThie paNNatte? goyamA jhasiragolasaMDhie evebhyo jyAyAn, AkAzaH praaynnm| chAndogyopaniSad paNNatte / / bhagavatI 11/99 1/818,1/9/1 19. bhAratIya sRSTividyA, DA. prakAza, pR-.10 28. rohA! loyaMte ya aloyayaMte ya puTiva pete, pacchA pete-do vete sAsayAbhAvA, aNANupuvvI esA rohA! bhagavaI, AcArya 20. vyAkhyAprajJapti meM AkAza ke nimnalikhita paryAyavAcI mahAprajJa, 1/6/296 batAe gae haiM- AkAza, AkAzAstikAya, gagana, nabha, sama, viSama,khaha, vihAyasa, vIci, vivara, ambara, ambarasa, 29. jainadarzana, paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, tRtIya saMskaraNa, pR. 133 chidra, zuSira, mArga, vimukha, arda, vyarda, AdhAra, vyoma, 30. sUryaparispandayuktAkAzasyaiva (sUryaparispandAdibhirAkAzasyaiva) bhAjana aMtarikSa zyAma avakAzAntara. agama. sphaTika prAcyAdivyavahAropapattau digiti na pRthgdrvyklpnm| aura annt| vyA. pra. 2/6 yatIndramatadIpikA, vyAkhyAkAra, AcArya zivapraprasAda dvivedI, pR. 78-79 / 21. ratnazarkarAbAlukApaGkadhUmatamomahAtamaHprabhA bhUmayo ghnaaaambuvaataakaashprtisstthaaH| saptAdho'dhaH pRthutraaH| tattvArtha- 31. AcArAMganiyukti, 42/44, uddhRta, zrI devendramunizAstrI, sUtra 3/1 jainadarzana meM AkAza tattva, zramaNopAsaka, apraila 1978, pR. 19 22. aTThavidyA logaTThitI paNNattA, taM jahA-AgasapatiTTite vAte, vAtapaTThite udahI (udadhipatiTThitA puDhavI, puDhavIpatiTThitA 32. jaina dharma-darzana, DA. mohanalAla mehatA, pR. 218 tasA thAvarA pANA, ajIvA jIvapatiTThitA) jIvA 33. AgAsathiggale NaM bhaMte! kiNA phuDe? kaihiM vA kAehiM kammapatiTTitA, ajIvA jIvasaMgahItA, jIvA kmmsNghiitaa| phuDe? paNNavaNA 15/53 sthAnAGgasUtra 8/14, bhagavaI 1.6.310 34. alokAkAzasya dezatvaM lokAlokarUpAkAzadravyasya 23. AkAzaM tu svapratiSThitameveti na tatpratiSThAcintA kRteti| bhaagruuptvaat| bhagavatIvRtti, 2/140 D:\GYANMAMAKHANDS.PMS