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________________ 'akalaMkagranthatraya' prAkRtayuga aura saMskRtayuga kA antara-- jaina paramparA meM prAkRtayuga vaha hai jisameM ekamAtra prAkRta bhASAoM meM hI sAhitya racane kI pravRtti thii| saMskRta yuga vaha hai jisameM saMskRta bhASA meM bhI sAhityanirmANa kI pravRtti va pratiSThA sthira huii| prAkRtayuga ke sAhitya ko dekhane se yaha to spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki usa samaya bhI jaina vidvAn saMskRta bhASA, tathA saMskRta dArzanika sAhitya se paricita avazya the| phira bhI saMskRtayuga meM saMskRta bhASA meM hI zAstra racane kI ora jhukAva hone ke kAraNa yaha anivArya thA ki saMskRta bhASA tathA dArzanika sAhitya kA anuzIlana adhika gaharA tathA adhika vyApaka ho| vAcaka umAsvAti ke pahile kI saMskRta-jaina racanA kA hameM pramANa nahIM miltaa| phira bhI saMbhava hai unake pahale bhI vaisI koI racanA jaina-sAhitya meM huI ho / kucha bhI ho saMskRta jaina sAhitya nIce likhI kramika bhUmikAoM meM vikasita tathA puSTa huA jAna par3atA hai| 1-tattvajJAna tathA prAcAra ke padArthoM kA sirpha Agamika zailI meM saMskRta bhASA meM rUpAntara, jaise ki tattvArthabhASya, prazamarati zrAdi / 2- usI zailI ke saMskRta rUpAntara meM kucha dArzanika chAyA kA praveza, jaise srvaarthsiddhi| 3-ine gine Agamika padArtha (khAmakara jJAnasaMbandhI ) ko lekara usa para mukhyatayA tArkikadRSTi se anekAntavAda kI hI sthApanA, jaise samantabhadra aura siddhasena kI kRtiyoN| 4- jJAna aura tatsaMbandhI Agamika padArthoM kA darzanAntarIya pramANa zAstra kI taraha tarkabaddha zAstrIkaraNa, tathA darzanAntarIya cintanoM kA jaina vAGmaya meM adhikAdhika saMgatIkaraNa, jaise akalaMka aura haribhadra Adi kI kRtiyA~ / 5-pUrvAcAryoM kI tathA nijI kRtiyoM ke Upara vistRta-vistRtara TIkAe~ likhanA aura unameM dArzanikavAdoM kA adhikAdhika samAveza karanA, jaise vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, prabhAcandra, abhayadeva, vAdideva Adi kI kRtiyA~ /
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________________ siddhasena aura samantabhadra 6-zvetAmbarIya-digambarIya donoM prAcIna kRtiyoM kI vyAkhyAoM meM tathA nijI maulika kRtiyoM meM navyanyAya kI pariSkRta zailI kA saMcAra tathA usI zailI kI aparimita kalpanAoM ke dvArA purAne hI jaina-tattvajJAna tathA prAcArasaMbandhI padArthoM kA abhUtapUrva vizadIkaraNa, jaise upAdhyAya yazovijayajI kI kRtiyA~ / ___ uparyukta prakAra se jaina sAhitya kA vikAsa va parivarddhana huA hai, phira bhI usa prabala tarkayuga meM kucha jaina padArtha aise hI rahe haiM jaise ve prAkRta tathA Agamika yuga meM rahe / una para tarkazailI yA darzanAntarIya cintana kA koI prabhAva Aja taka nahIM par3A hai| udAharaNArtha-sampUrNa karmazAstra, guNasthAnavicAra, SaDadravyavicAraNA, khAsakara loka tathA jIva vibhAga Adi / sArAMza yaha hai ki saMskRta bhASA kI vizeSa upAsanA tathA dArzanika granthoM ke vizeSa parizIlana ke dvArA jaina AcAryoM ne jaina tatvacintana meM jo aura jitanA vikAsa kiyA hai, vaha saba mukhyatayA jJAna aura tatsaMbandhI naya, anekAnta Adi padArthoM ke viSaya meM hI kiyA hai| dUsare prameyoM meM jo kucha naI carcA huI bhI hai vaha bahuta hI thor3I hai aura prAsaMgika mAtra hai| nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-mImAMsaka bauddha Adi darzanoM ke pramANazAstroM kA avagAhana jaise-jaise jaina paramparA meM bar3hatA gayA vaise-vaise jaina AcAryoM kI nijI pramANazAstra racane kI cintA bhI tIvra hotI calI aura isI cintA meM se purAtana paMcavidha jJAna vibhAga kI bhUmikA ke Upara nae pramANazAstra kA mahala khar3A huaa| siddhasena aura samantabhadra____ jaina paramparA meM tarkayuga kI yA nyAya pramANa vicAraNA kI nIMva DAlanevAle ye hI do AcArya haiN| inameM se kauna pahale yA kauna pIche hai ityAdi abhI sunizcita nahIM hai| phira bhI isameM to sandeha hI nahIM hai ki ukta donoM prAcArya IsA kI pA~cavI zatAbdI ke anantara hI hue haiN| nae sAdhanoM ke AdhAra para siddhasena divAkara kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI kA anta bhI saMbhavita hai| jo kucha ho para svAmI samantabhadra ke bAre meM anekavidha UhApoha ke bAda mujhako aba ati spaSTa ho gayA hai ki-ve "pUjyapAda devanandI ke pUrva to hue hI nhiiN| pUjyapAda ke dvArA stuta Asa ke samarthana meM hI unhoMne AptamImAMsA likhI hai, yaha bAta vidyAnanda ne prAptaparIkSA tathA aSTasahasrI meM sarvathA spaSTa rUpa se likhI hai| svAmI samantabhadra kI saba kRtiyoM kI bhASA, unameM pratipAdita darzanAntarIya mata, unakI yuktiyA~ unake nirUpaNa kA daMga aura unameM vidyamAna vicAra vikAsa, yaha saba vastu pU.yapAda ke pahale to jaina paraMparA meM na AI hai na Ane kA saMbhava hI
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________________ vist * jaina dharma aura darzana thA / jo diGnAga, bhartRhari, kumArila aura dharmakIrti ke granthoM ke sAtha samantabhadra kI kRtiyoM kI bAhyAntara tulanA karegA aura jaina saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsakrama kI ora dhyAna degA vaha merA uparyukta vicAra bar3I saralatA se samajha legA / adhika saMbhava to yaha hai ki samantabhadra aura akalaMka ke bIca sAkSAt vidyA kA saMbandha ho; kyoMki samantabhadra' kI kRti ke apara sarvaprathama akalaMka kI vyAkhyA hai| yaha ho nahIM sakatA ki anekAnta dRSTi ko asAdhAraNa rUpa se spaSTa karanevAlI samantabhadra kI vividha kRtiyoM meM ativistAra se aura AkarSaka rUpa se pratipAdita saptabhaMgiyoM ko tattvArtha kI vyAkhyA meM akalaMka to sarvathA apanAe~, jaba ki pUjyapAda apanI vyAkhyA meM use chue~ taka nhiiN| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki---zAntarakSita ke tattvasaMgraha-gata pAtrasvAmI zabda svAmI samantabhadra kA hI sUcaka ho| kucha bhI ho para itanA nizcita hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM siddhasena ke bAda turanta jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa hue aura digambara paramparA meM svAmI samantabhadra ke bAda turanta hI akalaMka aae| jinabhadra aura akalaMka yadyapi zvetAmbara digambara donoM paramparA meM saMskRta kI pratiSThA bar3hatI calI / phira bhI donoM meM eka antara spaSTa dekhA jAtA hai, vaha yaha ki digambara paramparA saMskRta kI ora jhukane ke bAda dArzanika kSetra meM apane prAcAryoM ko kevala saMskRta meM hI likhane ko pravRtta karatI hai jaba ki zvetAmbara paramparA apane vidvAnoM ko usI viSaya meM prAkRta racanAe~ karane ko bhI pravRtta karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zvetAmbarIya sAhitya meM siddhasena se yazovijayajI taka kI dArzanika cintanavAlI prAkRta kRtiyA~ bhI milatI hai| jaba ki digambarIya sAhitya meM mAtra saMskRtanibaddha hI vaisI katiyA~ milatI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA kA saMskRta yuga meM bhI prAkRta bhASA ke sAtha jo nikaTa aura gaMbhIra paricaya rahA hai, vaha digambarIya sAhitya meM virala hotA gayA hai| kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra ne apanI kRtiyA~ prAkRta meM racI jo tarkazailI kI hokara bhI Agamika hI haiN| bhaTTAraka akalaMka ne apanI vizAla aura anupama kRti rAjavArtika saMskRta meM likhI, jo vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI taraha tarkazailI kI hokara bhI Agamika hI hai| parantu jinabhadra kI kRtiyoM meM aisI koI svatantra saMskRta kRti nahIM hai jaisI akalaMka kI hai| akalaMka ne Agamika grantha rAjavArtika likhakara digambara sAhitya meM eka prakAra se vizeSAvazyaka ke sthAna kI pUrti to kI, para unakA dhyAna zIghra hI aise prazna para gayA jo jaina paramparA ke sAmane joroM se upasthita thA / bauddha aura brAhmaNa pramANazAstroM kI kakSA meM khar3A raha sake
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________________ jinabhadra, kalaka, haribhadra 472 aisA nyAya pramANa kI samagra vyavasthA vAlA koI jaina pramANa grantha zrAvazyaka thA / kalaMka, jinabhadra kI taraha pA~ca jJAna, naya zrAdi zrAgamika vastuoM kI kevala tArkika carcA karake hI cupa na rahe, unhoMne usI paMcajJAna satanaya Adi zrAgamika vastu kA nyAya aura pramANa-zAstra rUpa se aisA vibhAjana kiyA, aisA lakSaNa praNayana kiyA, jisase jaina nyAya aura pramANa granthoM ke svatantra prakaraNoM kI mA~ga pUrI huI | unake sAmane vastu to zrAgamika thI hI, dRSTi aura tarka kA mArga bhI siddhasena tathA samantabhadra ke dvArA pariSkRta huA hI thA, phira bhI prabala darzanAntaroM ke vikasita vicAroM ke sAtha prAcIna jaina nirUpaNa kA tArkika zailI meM mela biThAne kA kAma jaisA taisA na thA jo ki kalaMka ne kiyA / yahI sababa hai ki kalaMka kI maulika kRtiyA~ bahuta hI saMkSipta haiM, phira bhI ve itanI arthaghana tathA suvicArita haiM ki Age ke jaina nyAya kA ve AdhAra bana gaI haiM / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki bhaTTAraka kalaMka kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra kI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyoM se paricita hoNge| pratyeka mudde para anekAnta dRSTi kA upayoga karane kI rAjavArtika gata vyApaka zailI ThIka vaisI hI hai jaisI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM pratyeka carcA meM anekAnta dRSTi lAgU karane kI zailI vyApaka hai / akalaMka aura haribhadra Adi- tattvArtha bhASya ke vRttikAra siddhasenagaNi jo gandhahastI rUpa se sunizcita haiM, unake aura yAkinIsUnu haribhadra ke samakAlInatva ke saMbandha meM apanI saMbhAvanA tattvArtha ke hindI vivecana ke paricaya meM batalA cukA hU~ / haribhadra kI kRtiyoM meM abhI taka aisA koI ullekha nahIM pAyA gayA jo nirvivAda rUpa se haribhadra ke dvArA akalaMka kI kRtiyoM ke avagAhana kA sUcaka ho / siddhasenagaNi kI tattvArtha bhASya vRtti meM pAyA jAnevAlA siddhivinizcaya kA ullekha agara kalaMka ke siddhi * vinizcaya kA hI bodhaka ho to yaha mAnanA par3egA ki gandhahasti siddhasena kama se kama kalaMka ke siddhivinizcaya se to paricita the ho / haribhadra aura gandhahastI kalaMka kI kRtiyoM se paricita hoM yA nahIM phira bhI adhika saMbhAvanA isa bAta kI hai ki kalaMka aura gandhahastI tathA haribhadra ye apane dIrgha jIvana meM thor3e samaya taka bhI samakAlIna rahe hoNge| agara yaha saMbhAvanA ThIka ho to vikrama kI AThavIM aura navIM zatAbdI kA amuka samaya akalaMka kA jIvana tathA kAryakAla honA cAhie / merI dhAraNA hai ki vidyAnanda aura anantavIrya jo kalaMka kI kRtiyoM ke sarvaprathama vyAkhyAkAra haiM ve kalaMka ke sAkSAt vidyA ziSya nahIM to zranantaravartI
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________________ 480 jaina dharma aura darzana avazya haiM, kyoMki inake pahile akalaMka kI kRtiyoM ke Upara kisI ke vyAkhyAna kA patA nahIM cltaa| isa dhAraNA ke anusAra donoM vyAkhyAkAroM kA kAryakAla vikrama ko navamIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha to avazya honA cAhie, jo abhI taka ke unake granthoM ke aAntarika avalokana ke sAtha mela khAtA hai / gandhahasti bhASya digambara paramparA meM samantabhadra ke gandhahasti. mahAbhASya hone kI carcA kabhI cala par3I thii| isa bAre meM merA asaMdigdha nirNaya yaha hai ki tattvArtha sUtra ke Upara yA usakI kisI vyAkhyA ke Upara svAmI samantabhadra ne prAptamImAMsA ke atirikta kucha bhI likhA hI nahIM hai| yaha kabhI saMbhava nahIM ki samantabhadra kI aisI viziSTa kati kA eka bhI ullekha yA avataraNa akalaMka aura vidyAnanda jaise unake padAnuvartI apanI kRtiyoM meM binA kiye raha skeN| bezaka akalaMka kA rAjavArtika guNa aura vistAra kI dRSTi se aisA hai ki jise koI bhASya hI nahIM mahAbhASya bhI kaha sakatA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM gandhahastI kI vRtti jaba gandhahasti mahAbhASya nAma se prasiddha huI taba karIba gandhahastI ke hI samAnakAlIna akalaMka kI usI tattvArtha para banI huI viziSTa vyAkhyA agara digambara paramparA meM gandhahasti bhASya yA gandhahasti mahAbhASya rUpa se prasiddha yA vyavahRta hone lage to yaha krama donoM phirakoM kI sAhityika paramparA ke anukUla hI hai| parantu hama rAjavArtika ke viSaya meM gandhahasti mahAbhASya vizeSaNa kA ullekha kahIM nahIM paate| terahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda aisA virala ullekha milatA hai jo samantabhadra ke gandhahasti mahAbhASya kA sUcana karatA ho / merI dRSTi meM pIche ke saba ullekha nirAdhAra aura kiMvadantImUlaka haiN| tathya yaha hI ho sakatA hai ki agara tatvArtha-mahAbhASya yA tatvArtha-gandhasti mahAbhASya nAma kA digambara sAhitya meM mela baiThAnA ho to vaha akalaMkIya rAjavArtika ke sAtha hI baiTha sakatA hai| prastuta saMskaraNa prastuta pustaka meM akalaMkIya tIna maulika kRtiyA~ eka sAtha sarvaprathama saMpAdita huI haiN| ina kRtiyoM ke saMbaMdha meM tAttvika tathA aitihAsika dRSTi se jitanA sAdhana upalabdha hai use vidvAn saMpAdaka ne TippaNa tathA aneka upayogI pariziSToM ke dvArA prastuta pustaka meM sanniviSTa kiyA hai, jo jaina, bauddha, brAhmaNa sabhI paraMparA ke vidvAnoM ke lie mAtra upayogI nahIM balki mArgadarzaka bhI hai| bezaka akalaMka kI prastuta kRtiyA~ abhI taka kisI pAThyakrama meM nahIM haiM tathApi unakA mahatva aura upayogitva dUsarI dRSTi se aura bhI adhika hai|
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________________ 31 'akalaMkamanyatraya 481 akalaMkaanyatraya ke saMpAdaka paM. mahendrakumArajI ke sAtha merA paricaya chaha sAla kA hai| itanA hI nahIM balki itane arase ke dArzanika cintana ke akhAde meM hamaloga samazIla sAdhaka haiN| isase maiM pUrA tATasthya rakhakara bhI niHsaMkoca kaha sakatA hU~ ki paM0 mahendrakumArajIkA vidyAvyAyAma kama se kama baina paraMparA ke lie to satkArAspada hI nahIM anukaraNIya bhI hai| prastuta graMtha kA bahuzrutasaMpAdana ukta kathana kA sAkSI hai| prastAvanA meM vidvAn saMpAdaka ne akalaMka deva ke samaya ke bAre meM jo vicAra prakaTa kiyA hai merI samajha meM anya samartha pramANoM ke abhAva meM vahI vicAra aAntarika yathArtha tulanAmUlaka hone se satya ke vizeSa nikaTa hai| samayavicAra meM saMpAdaka ne jo sUkSma aura vistRta tulanA kI hai vaha tattvajJAna tathA itihAsa ke rasikoM ke lie bahumUlya bhojana hai / grantha ke paricaya meM saMpAdaka ne una sabhI padArthoM kA hindI meM varNana kiyA hai jo akalaMkIya prastuta granthatraya meM grathita haiN| yaha varNana saMpAdaka ke jaina aura jainetara zAstroM ke AkaMThapAna kA udgAra mAtra hai| saMpAdaka kI dRSTi yaha hai ki jo abhyAsI jaina pramANa zAstra meM AnevAle padArthoM ko unake asalI rUpa meM hindI bhASA ke dvArA hI alpazrama meM jAnanA cAhe unheM vaha varNana upayogI ho| para use sAdyanta suna lene ke bAda mere dhyAna meM to yaha bAta zrAI hai ki saMskRta ke dvArA hI jinhoMne jaina nyAya-pramANa zAstra kA parizIlana kiyA hai vaise jijJAsu adhyApaka bhI agara usa varNana ko paTa jAya~ge to saMskRta mUla anthoM ke dvArA bhI spaSTa evaM vAstavika rUpa meM ajJAta kaI prameyoM ko ve sujJAta kara skeNge| udAharaNArtha kucha prameyoM kA nirdeza bhI kara detA hU~-~pramANasaMplava, dravya aura santAna kI tulanA aadi| sarvajJatva bhI unameM se eka hai, jisake bAre meM saMpAdaka ne aisA aitihAsika prakAza DAlA hai jo sabhI dAzanikoM ke lie jJAtavya hai| vizeSajJoM ke dhyAna meM yaha bAta binA pAe nahIM raha sakatI ki kama se kama jaina nyAyapramANa ke vidyArthiyoM ke vAste to sabhI jaina saMsthAoM meM yaha hindI vibhAga vAcanIya rUpa se avazya siphAriza karane yogya hai / prastuta graMtha usa pramANamImAMsA kI eka taraha se pUrti karatA hai jo thor3e hI dinoM pahale siMghI jaina sirIja meM prakAzita huI hai| pramANamImAMsA ke hindI TippaNoM meM tathA prastAvanA meM nahIM pAe aise prameyoM kA bhI prastuta graMtha ke hindI varNana meM samAveza hai| aura usameM Ae hue aneka padArthoM kA sirpha dUsarI bhASA tathA zailI meM hI nahIM balki dUsarI dRSTi tathA dUsarI sAmagrI ke sAtha samAveza hai| ataeva koI bhI jaina tattvajJAna kA evaM nyAya-pramANa zAstra kA gambhIra abhyAsI siMghI jaina sirIja ke ina donoM graMthoM se bahuta kucha jAna skegaa|
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________________ 462. jaina dharma aura darzana .: prasaMgavaza maiM apane pUrva lekha kI sudhAraNA bhI kara letA huuN| maiMne apane pahale lekhoM meM anekAnta kI vyApti batalAte hue yaha bhAva sUcita kiyA hai ki pradhAnatayA anekAnta tAttvika prameyoM kI hI carcA karatA hai / alabattA isa samaya merA vaha bhAva takapradhAna graMthoM ko lekara hI thaa| para isake sthAna meM . yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hai ki tarkayuga meM anekAnta kI vicAraNA bhale hI pradhAnatathA tattvika prameyoM ko lekara huI ho phira bhI anekAnta dRSTi kA upayoga to AcAra ke pradeza meM AgamoM meM utanA hI huzrA hai jitanA ki tattvajJAna ke pradeza meN| tarkayugIna sAhitya meM bhI aneka aise aMtha bane haiM jinameM pradhAnatayA AcAra ke viSayoM ko lekara hI anekAnta dRSTi kA upayoga huA hai| ataeva samuccaya rUpa se yahI kahanA cAhie ki anekAnta dRSTi AcAra aura vicAra ke pradeza meM eka sI lAgU kI gaI hai| siMghI jaina sirIja ke lie yaha suyoga hI hai ki jisameM prasiddha digaMbarAcArya kI kRtiyoM kA eka viziSTa digaMbara vidvAn ke dvArA hI sampAdana huA hai| yaha bhI eka Akasmika suyoga nahIM hai ki digaMbarAcArya kI anyatra alabhya paraMtu zvetAmbarIya-bhANDAra se hI prApta aisI virala kRti kA prakAzana zvetAmbara paraMparA ke prasiddha bAbU zrI bahAdurasiMha jI siMghI ke dvArA sthApita aura prasiddha aitihAsika muni zrI jina vijaya jI ke dvArA saMcAlita siMghI jaina sirIja meM ho rahA hai / jaba mujhako vidvAn muni zrI puNyavijaya jI ke dvArA pramANasaMgraha upalabdha huA taba yaha patA na thA ki vaha apane dUsare do sahodaroM ke sAtha itanA adhika susajita hokara prasiddha hogaa| I0 1636] [ 'akalaMkamanthatraya' kA prAkathana