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________________ DaoN0 nemIcanda jaina ahiMsA kA arthazAstra ahiMsA kA arthazAstra tIna pramukha pravRttiyoM para avasthita hai, ye haiMsvAvalambana, aparigraha, vikendriikrnn| usakA mAnanA hai ki jahAM parAdhInatA, parigraha aura kendrIkaraNa hai, vahAM damana, dohana aura hiMsA aparihAryataH haiN| isa saMdarbha meM gujarAtI bhASA meM eka pustaka prakAzita huI hai- 'suMdara duniyA mATe suMdara saMgharSa'* (1993/ zrImatI naMdinI joshii)| isa kitAba ke adhyAya 34 aura 35 ahiMsA-ke-arthatantra ko bar3I spaSTatA se pratipAdita/paribhASita karate haiN| ina adhyAyoM meM pro0 kAorU yAmAgucI jApAna ke grAma-arthatantra (myurATopiana arthatantra) kI carcA kI gayI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki yahI eka aisA arthatantra hai jo hamArI AgAmI samAja racanA kA sabala AdhAra bana sakatA hai| ho sakatA hai kucha logoM ko yaha rUr3ha aura paramparita dIkha par3e, kintu aba jaba taka manuSya isa ora vApasa nahIM hogA, usake bIca ke phAsale bar3heMge aura parigraha tathA pUMjI kA ajagara use AmUlacUla nigala jaaegaa| jo bhArata hiMsA aura parigraha ke z2ahara se aba taka bacA huA thA, Aja vahI udArIkaraNa kI phAMsI ke phaMde meM laTakA jIvana-maraNa kA saMgharSa kara rahA hai| durbhAgya se bahurASTrIya kaMpaniyoM ke nAma para deza kA jo bacAkhucA grAmatantra thA vaha bhI sarvanAza kI ora kUca kara gayA hai| aise bhayAvaha kSaNoM meM yadi hamane haqa aura hakIqata kI ora se apanI AMkheM mUMdI to vaha AdamI jo pUMjI kA mAlika thA, eka saMpUrNa gulAma bana jAegA (bana cukA hai)| Aja jagatvartI grAma (globala vileja) kI bAta to kI jAtI hai, kintu isa bAta ke pIche kapaTa kA eka bhrama-jAla bichA huA hai| yahAM 'globala vileja' kA matalaba pUrI duniyA ko eka grAma (vileja) ke rUpa meM vikasita karane kA hai yAnI sUcanA-yuga (inpharmezana eja) kI tIvratA kA aDDA banAnA hai arthAt yaha kahanA hai ki duniyA itanI sUcanA-parAdhIna ho par3egI ki jaise koI bAta gAMva meM jaMgala kI Aga kI taraha phailatI-vyApatI hai, vaise duniyA meM vaha vyApa jaaegii| gAMva sUcanAoM meM karAhane lgegaa| vaha dalAla sTrITa bana jaaegaa| yaha kalpanA yA khvAba nahIM balki eka bhayAnaka duHsvapna hai, jo manuSya ke astitva aura usakI asmitA ke lie pralayaMkArI siddha hogaa| isase duniyA choTI nahIM hogI aura na hI loga eka par3osI kI taraha eka-dUsare se pyAra, aura eka-dUsare para bharosA karane lageMge, balki 'pAsa' kahalA kara bhI ve eka-dUsare se kosoM dUra' par3a jaaeNge| mAniye, hiMsA, sattA aura pUMjI para khar3A yaha arthatantra manuSya aura manuSya tathA manuSya evaM prakRti ke bIca aise phAsale khar3e kara rahA hai, jinheM kabhI bhI pATanA saMbhava nahIM hogaa| Aja manuSya ne prakRti ko pUMjI kamAne kA sAdhana/mAdhyama banA liyA hai, ata: vaha usake adhikatama zoSaNa meM laga gayA hai| adhikatama ke makar3ajAla meM phaMsA AdamI aba saba ora se vinAza ke khaufanAka zikaMje kA dabAva-kasAva mahasUsa karane lagA hai| usake hAtha-pAMva eka aise Arthika jAla meM phaMsa gaye haiM, jisase ubharanA asaMbhava-jaisA ho gayA hai| aise meM 'globala vileja' kA matalaba yadi hama vahI lete haiM jo Upara diyA gayA hai to manuSya ko eka abhizapta bhaviSya kI ora le jAte haiM aura yadi usakA artha hama yaha karate haiM ki jo kucha jagat meM hai vaha usake hara gAMva meM ho to hama jagat ko eka aise nandana vana ke rUpa meM parikalpita karate haiM, jisakA zilpana gAMdhI ne kabhI kiyA thA aura jo kabhI bhAratIya arthatantra kI rIr3ha thaa| ahiMsA ke arthatantra kA prathama aura sarvopari lakSya hai eka ahiMsaka aparigrahamUlaka grAma ikAI ko AviSkRta/AvirbhUta krnaa| ___ hameM yaha bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA hogA ki bhArata sirpha arthatantra hI nahIM hai, balki vaha saMskRti, sadviveka, adhyAtma evaM dharma kA samaveta suvikasita tIrthadhAma bhI hai| bhArata eka aisA vizva-sthala hai, jisane atIta meM kaI Arthika, rAjanItika, sAMskRtika, naitika, AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika saphala prayoga kiye haiM aura vizva-mAnava kI eka svastha chavi pradAna kI hai| usake arthatantra kI sabase prANavAn, bala evaM UrjAvAn ikAI thI grAma, vaha grAma jise Aja anajAne meM pazcima ke nirarthaka Aveza meM tahasa-nahasa kiyA jA rahA hai| Aja hama eka aise khataranAka kSaNa se gujara rahe haiM, jahAM artha aura rAjanIti ke dabAva se hamAre grAmatantra kA ceharA nisteja aura phIkAphassa huA jA rahA hai- hama badaleM, kintu isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhate hue ki hamArI maulikatAeM barakarAra raheM aura hamArA grAma paratantra/paramukhApekSI na bne| yaha saba-sArA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba rAjanIti, samAja-vyavasthA, nyAya-prabaMdha, zikSA evaM cikitsA Adi tadanurUpa parivartana lAyA jAe aura samAviSTa vikRtiyoM ko dUra kiyA jaae| zrImatI naMdinI jozI likhatI haiM ki 'Aja se lagabhaga do sadI pUrva hamAre deza ke grAma itane sakSama/svAvalambI/samRddha the ki pratyeka grAma svayaM pUre jagat kA pratirUpa thaa| maiMne apane pitAjI se sunA thA ki hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 39
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________________ saMyukta rASTra saMgha meM jina praznoM kI carcA hotI hai, una tamAma praznoM para hamAre eka choTe gAMva ke cabUtare para bhI carcA hotI hai| mAtra ina praznoM kA phalaka choTA hai anyathA unakA svarUpa to eka-jaisA hI hai| isakA matalaba hai ki ahiMsA kA arthatantra pratyeka bhAratIya grAma ko eka aise 'sva-kSama jagatvartI grAma ke rUpa meM vikasita dekhanA cAhatA hai jA laghu saMyukta rASTra saMgha (minI yUno) ho| aise grAma pUMjI ko RNa karake hI ubhara sakate haiN| jaba taka hama vinimaya-paddhati (bArTara-sisTama) ko nahIM lauTAyeMge, jIvana kI guNavattA (kvAliTI) ko lauTAnA saMbhava nahIM hogaa| jaba vastuoM kA vinimaya hogA, taba unakI guNavattA ke sAtha koI badasalUkI nahIM kara paayegaa| mUla vastu ke sAtha mUla vastu kA vinimaya hogaa| aise meM ve sAre vyaya aura vikAra ApoApa ghaTa yA haTa jAeMge jo vastu kI maulikatA ko avamizrita karate haiM aura usake sAtha andhI vyApArikatA ko jor3ate haiN| gAMdhIjI ne aise grAmatantra ke antargata vikasita grAma ko 'svarga-kA-bagIcA' kahA hai| ___ hamArA yaha mAnanA hai ki bhAratIya grAma taka vikAsa-kI-jhirI zaharoM se yA duniyA ke vikasita mulkoM se phuNcegii'| yaha galata hai| aisA karane yA kahane se hamArI buniyAda kamajora hogii| saba jAnate haiM ki jaba taka samAja meM samAnatA aura amana AvirbhUta nahIM hoMge, AtaMka aura hiMsA bane raheMge, taba taka vikAsa ke ruddha srota khula nahIM paayeNge| hama do kadama Age bar3heMge aura cAra kadama pIche aayeNge| yaha gaNita avanati aura vinAza kA gaNita hai, ise hama utthAna aura vikAsa kA gaNita nahIM kaha skte| jaba taka hama choTe paimAne para, baiMkoM-ke-jAla se mukta ho kara - utpAdana kI prakriyA meM nahIM AyeMge, yaha asaMbhava hI hogA ki hama manuSya aura manuSya ke madhyavartI phAsaloM ko ghaTA paayeN| jaba taka naphe kI jagaha samAja/janahita ke lie utpAdana kI zuruAta nahIM hogI, nayI samAja-racanA kA zilAnyAsa saMbhava nahIM hogaa| yaha mAna kara calanA ki arthatantra ke bIja vikasita dezoM se AyeMge aura unakI svastha phasaleM bhAratIya grAmoM meM panapeMgI, buniyAdI taura para hI g2alata hai| hamAre gAMvoM meM vikAsa kI anaginata urvara saMbhAvanAeM (poTeMziyalya) haiM, hama asala meM unakA qada choTA karake unake bAre meM socane lage haiM aura usa 'analikhe jJAna' (grAma-vijJAna) ko bhUla rahe haiM, jo maidAna ke jala ko siMcAI ke lie bagaira kisI yantra kI madada ke pahAr3oM para car3hA le jAtA rahA hai| madhyapradeza ke nimAr3a aMcala meM isa taraha kI siMcAI-vyavasthA ko Aja bhI pratyakSa dekhA jA sakatA hai| Aja kA udyogavartI arthatantra prakRti ko kamAI kA sAdhana mAnakara calatA hai, usake lie per3a-paudhe, nadI-jharane, parvata-pahAr3a, varAha-hAthI, machalI-murgI, keMcue-kharagoza saba kamAI ke jarie haiM, isIlie vaha ina sabakA krUratama dohana karatA hai aura unake prati jo bhI krUratApUrNa aura asammAnajanaka saMbhava hai, use karane se nahIM cuuktaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja ke arthatantra ne jIvana-ke-prati-sammAna kI bhAvanA ko naSTa kara diyA hai aura vaha sirpha pUMjI ke pIche pizAca kI bhAMti par3a gayA hai| ahiMsA-kA-arthatantra hiMsA ko choTA/vyartha karane kA arthatantra hai| vaha duniyA ke kone-kone meM hiMsA aura krUratA ke kada ko choTA karanA cAhatA hai aura cAhatA hai ki sarvatra samatA kI saMbhAvanAeM phle-phuuleN| hamArI vinamra rAya meM jaba duniyA kA hara gAMva sva-kSama jagatvartI gAMva banegA tabhI vizva-zAnti kI kalpanA sAkAra hogI anyathA vaha yAvaccandradivAkarau svapna banI rhegii| ___jApAna eka aisA deza hai, jisane audyogika krAnti kA adhikatama dohana karate hue bhI pro0 kAorU yAmAgucI kI 'sakSama jagatvartI grAma' (sasTenebala glebala vileja) kI avadhAraNA ko janma diyA hai| pro0 yAmAgucI ne isa grAma-arthatantra ko 'myurATopiana arthatantra' kA nAma diyA hai| 'myurA' jApAnI kA zabda hai, jisakA artha hai 'grAma'- eka aisA grAma hai, jahAM ke loga Atmanirbhara hoM, paramparita rIti-rivAz2oM meM AsthA rakhate hoM, prakRti ke prati jinake mana meM sammAna kI bhAvanA ho aura jo avakAza meM eka-dUsare kI madada ke lie kamara kase hoN| jaba hama 'myurA' zabda kA vikhaNDana karate haiM, taba hameM 'myurATopiana' arthatantra kI khUbiyoM kA aura adhika gaharAI se patA calatA hai| 'myu' kA artha hai 'na honA' (nathiMganesa) tathA 'rA' kA artha hai 'aparigraha' yAnI 'svAmitva-kI-anupasthiti' / yahAM isa taraha 'myurA' kA artha huA 'kucha na honA' arthAt mAlikI kA visarjana, usakI gairhaajirii| 'TopiA' grIka zabda hai, jisakA artha hai 'jgh'| isa taraha kula milAkara 'myurA' eka aisI jagaha huA jahAM AgAmI yuga kI nayI samAja-racanA kA sUtrapAta hogaa| sahaja hI savAla uThatA hai ki isa nayI samAja-racanA ke AdhAra kyA hoMge? Aja hama dekha rahe haiM ki yantrodyoga-pradhAna samAja-racanA saphala nahIM huI hai| cAroM ora pradUSaNa hai, mahAmAriyAM haiM, bhUkhamarI aura garIbI hai, kRtrima abhAva bane hue haiN| pUMjIkhora-bAz2Aronmukha-saTTebAz2a arthatantra ne vizva-kI-rIDha kSata-vikSata kara dI hai| sAmyavAdI arthatantra parAsta ho cukA hai| jo arthatantra Aja hai, zrImatI naMdinI jozI ke anusAra, usake mukhyata: chaha AdhAra haiN| 1. eka-jaisA mAla (sTaiMDarDAiz2ezana), 2. manuSya kA ekAMgI vikAsa (speziyalAiz2ezana), 3. pracaNDa vyavasthA-tantra (siMkronAijezana), 4. kendrIkRta vikAsa (kaMsenTrezana), 5. adhikatama kamAI kA dhyeya (mekjhemAiz2ezana), 6. Arthika tathA rAjakIya sattAoM kA kendrIkaraNa (seNttrlaaij'eshn)| lekina jo grAma-tantra kSitija para AnA cAhatA hai, usake mukhya do AdhAra haiM- 1. svAvalambana, 2. paropakAra yA parasparaupagraha (eka-dUsare kI madada athavA eka-dUsare ke satha jIvanta hissedaarii)| uparyukta arthatantra ke mukhya lakSaNa hoMge- utpAdaka aura grAhaka eka, mAlika-majadara eka, bacata karane vAlA aura kharca karane vAlA eka, makAna-mAlika aura kirAyedAra eka, prakRti ke prati paripUrNa sammAna arthAt use kamAI kA sAdhana na mAnanA, na bnaanaa| isa taraha Ane vAlA mAnava-samAja vaha nahIM hogA jo Aja mRga-marIcikA kI taraha hamAre jIvana meM praveza kara gayA hai, balki vaha 'myurATopiana arthatantra' hogA jo duniyA ko ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke jarie adhika suMdara aura behatara bnaayegaa| * suMdara duniyA mATe suMdara saMgharSa (gujarAtI), naMdinI jozI, unnati prakAzana, ahamadAbAda380 006, 1993 hIraka jayantI smArikA vidvat khaNDa / 40