Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM ahiMsA kA sthAna ahiMsA jainadarzana kA prANa hai| jainadarzana meM ahiMsA vaha dhurI hai jisa para samagra jaina AcAra vidhi ghUmatI hai| jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA bhagavatI hai| usakI viziSTatA kA varNana karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM'bhayabhItoM ko jaise zaraNa, pakSiyoM ko jaise gagana, tRSitoM ko jaise jala, bhUkhoM ko jaise bhojana, samudra ke madhya jaise jahAja, rogiyoM ko jaise oSadhi aura vana meM jaise sArthavAha kA sAtha, AdhArabhUta hai vaise hI ahiMsA prANiyoM ke lie AdhArabhUta hai ahiMsA ghara evaM acara sabhI prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai|" vahI mAtra eka aisA zAzvata dharma hai, jisakA jaina tIrthakara upadeza karate haiN| AcAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai--bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna ke sabhI arhat yahI upadeza karate haiM ki sabhI prANiyoM, sabhI bhUtoM, sabhI jIvoM aura sabhI satvoM ko kisI prakAra kA paritApa, udvega yA duHkha nahIM denA cAhie aura na kisI kA hanana karanA caahie| yahI zuddha nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai, jisakA samasta loka ke duHkha ko jAnakara arhatoM ke dvArA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai|" sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke anusAra jJAnI hone kA sAra yaha hai ki hiMsA na kareM, ahiMsA hI samagra dharma kA sAra hai. ise sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA caahie|' dazavaikAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM ke prati saMyama meM ahiMsA ke sarvazreSTha hone ke kAraNa mahAvIra ne isako 'prathama sthAna' para kahA hai / bhaktaparijJA nAmaka grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsA ke samAna dUsarA dharma nahIM hai|" AcArya amRtacandra sUri ke anusAra to jaina AcAra vidhi kA sampUrNa kSetra ahiMsA se vyApta hai, usake bAhara usameM kucha hai hI nhiiN| sabhI naitika niyama aura maryAdAeM isake antargata hai; AcAra ke niyamoM ke dUsare rUpa jaise asatyabhASaNa nahIM karanA, corI nahIM karanA Adi to janasAdhAraNa ko sulabha rUpa se samajhAne ke lie bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se kahe jAte haiN| vastutaH ve sabhI ahiMsA ke hI vibhinna pakSa hai|" jaina AcAra- darzana meM ahiMsA vaha AdhAra - vAkya hai jisase AcAra ke sabhI niyama nirgamita hote haiN| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai ki ahiMsA saba AzramoM kA hRdaya hai, saba zAstroM kA garbha (utpatti sthAna) hai|" ahiMsA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana bauddha AcAra darzana meM ahiMsA kA sthAna bauddha darzana ke dasa zIloM meM ahiMsA kA sthAna prathama hai catuHzataka meM kahA gayA hai-- tathAgata ne saMkSepa meM kevala 'ahiMsA' ina akSaroM meM dharma kA varNana kiyA hai| dhammapada meM buddha ne hiMsA ko anArya karma kahA hai| ve kahate haiM jo prANiyoM kI hiMsA karatA hai vaha Arya nahIM hotA, sabhI prANiyoM ke prati ahiMsA kA pAlana karane vAlA hI Arya kahA jAtA hai|" - buddha hiMsA eva yuddha ke nItizAstra ke tIvra virodhI haiM, dhammapada meM kahA gayA hai ki vijaya se vaira utpanna hotA hai, parAjita duHkhI hotA hai jo jaya parAjaya ko chor3a cukA hai use hI sukha hai, use hI zAMti hai|" aMguttaranikAya meM buddha isa bAta ko adhika spaSTa kara dete haiN| ki hiMsaka vyakti isI jagata meM nArakIya jIvana kA sRjana kara letA hai jabaki ahiMsaka vyakti isI jagat meM svargIya jIvana kA sRjana kara letA hai| ve kahate haiM-- 'bhikSuo, tIna dharmoM se yukta prANI aisA hotA hai jaise lAkara svarga meM DAla diyA gayA ho kauna se tIna ? 'svayaM prANI-hiMsA se virakta rahatA hai, dUsare ko prANI-hiMsA kI ora nahIM ghasITatA aura prANI-hiMsA kA samarthana nahIM karatA / " mahAyAna sampradAya meM karuNA aura maitrI kI bhAvanA kA jo carama utkarSa dekhA jAtA hai, usakI pRSThabhUmi meM yahI ahiMsA kA siddhAnta rahA huA hai| hindU darzana aura gItA meM ahiMsA kA sthAna gItA meM ahiMsA kA mahattva svIkRta karate hue use bhagavAn kA hI bhAva kahA gayA hai, usako devI- sampadA evaM sAtvika tapa batAyA hai / 12 mahAbhArata meM to jaina vicAraNA ke samAna hI ahiMsA meM sabhI dharmoM ko antarbhUta mAna liyA gayA hai| 13 mAtra yahI nahIM usameM bhI dharma ke upadeza kA uddezya prANiyoM ko hiMsA se virata karanA mAnA gayA hai| 'ahiMsA hI dharma kA sAra hai' ise spaSTa karate hue mahAbhArata ke lekhaka kA kathana hai- "prANiyoM kI hiMsA na ho isalie dharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai ataH jo ahiMsA se yukta hai vahI dharma hai " 94 / lekina yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki gItA meM to bAra-bAra arjuna 'yuddha karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai, usakA yuddha se vimukha honA nindanIya evaM kAyaratApUrNa mAnA gayA hai| phira gItA ko ahiMsA kI vicAraNA kI samarthaka kaise mAnA jAe? isa sambandha meM maiM apanI ora se kucha kahU~, isake pahale hameM gItA ke vyAkhyAkAroM kI dRSTi se hI isakA samAdhAna pA lene kA prayAsa karanA caahiye| gItA ke Adya TIkAkAra AcArya zaMkara 'yuddhasya' (yuddhakara) zabda kI TIkA meM likhate haiM ki yahA~ yuddha kI kartavyatA kA vidhAna nahIM hai|" mAtra yahI nahIM AcArya gItA ke 'Atmopamyena sarvatra' ke adhAra para gItA meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI puSTi karate haiM" jaise mujhe sukha priya hai, vaise hI sabhI prANiyoM ko sukha anukUla hai aura jaise duHkha mujhe apriya evaM pratikUla haiM vaise saba prANiyoM ko bhI duHkha apriya va pratikUla hai| isa prakAra jo saba prANiyoM meM apane samAna hI sukha aura duHkha ko tulyabhAva se anukUla aura pratikUla dekhatA hai, kisI ke bhI pratikUla AcaraNa nahIM karatA vaha ahiMsaka hai aisA ahiMsaka puruSa pUrNajJAna .
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ahiMsA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 315 meM sthita hai vaha saba yogiyoM meM para utkRSTa mAnA jAtA hai"16 nirgrantha prANavadha (hiMsA) kA niSedha karate haiN|20 vastutaH prANiyoM ke mahAtmA gAMdhI bhI gItA ko ahiMsA kI pratipAdaka mAnate haiM unakA jIvita rahane kA naitika adhikAra hI ahiMsA ke kartavya kI sthApanA kathana hai "gItA kI mukhya zikSA hiMsA nahIM, ahiMsA hai-hiMsA binA karatA hai| jIvana ke adhikAra kA sammAna hI ahiMsA hai| uttarAdhyayana krodha, Asakti evaM ghRNA ke nahIM hotI aura gItA hameM satva, rajas sUtra meM samatva ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA karate aura tamas guNoM ke rUpa meM ghRNA, krodha Adi kI avasthAoM se Upara hue kahA gayA hai ki 'bhaya aura vaira se mukta sAdhaka, jIvana ke prati uThane ko kahatI hai phira hiMsA kaise ho sakatI hai| DA0 rAdhAkRSNana prema rakhane vAle sabhI prANiyoM ko sarvatra apanI AtmA ke samAna jAnakara, bhI gItA ko ahiMsA kI pratipAdaka mAnate haiM, ve likhate haiM "kRSNa unakI kabhI bhI hiMsA na kreN|21 yaha maikenjI kI bhaya para adhiSThita arjuna ko yuddha karane kA parAmarza dete haiM, to isakA artha yaha nahIM ahiMsA kI dhAraNA kA sacoTa uttara hai| jaina Agama AcArAMgasUtra meM hai ki ve yuddha kI vaidhatA kA samarthana kara rahe haiN| yuddha to eka aisA to AtmIyatA kI bhAvanA ke AdhAra para hI ahiMsA siddhAnta kI prastAvanA avasara A par3A hai, jisakA upayoga guru usa bhAvanA kI ora saMketa kI gaI hai| jo loka (anya jIva samUha) kA apalApa karatA hai vaha karane ke lie karatA hai, jisa bhAvanA ke sAtha saba kArya, jinameM yuddha svayaM apanI AtmA kA bhI apalApa karatA hai|22 isI grantha meM Age bhI sammilita hai, kiye jAne caahiye| yahA~ hiMsA yA ahiMsA kA prazna pUrNa-AtmIyatA kI bhAvanA ko paripuSTa karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate nahIM hai, apitu apane una mitroM ke viruddha hiMsA ke prayoga kA prazna haiM--jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai, jise tU zAsita karanA hai, jo aba zatru bana gaye haiN| yuddha ke prati usakI hicaka AdhyAtmika cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai aura jise tU paritApa denA cAhatA hai vaha bhI vikAsa yA satva guNa kI pradhAnatA kA pariNAma nahIM hai, apitu ajJAna tU hI hai|23 bhaktaparijJA se bhI isI kathana kI puSTi hotI hai usameM aura vAsanA kI upaja hai| arjuna isa bAta ko svIkAra karatA hai ki likhA hai kisI bhI anya prANI kI hatyA vastuta: apanI hI hatyA vaha durbalatA aura ajJAna ke vazIbhUta ho gayA hai| gItA hamAre sammukha hai aura anya jIvoM para dayA apanI hI dayA hai|24 jo Adarza upasthita karatI hai, vaha hiMsA kA nahIM apitu ahiMsA kA bhagavAna buddha ne bhI ahiMsA ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM isI 'Atmavat hai| kRSNa arjuna ko Aveza yA durbhAvanA ke binA, rAga aura dveSa ke sarvabhUteSu' kI bhAvanA ko grahaNa kiyA thaa| suttanipAta meM ve kahate binA yuddha karane ko kahatA hai aura yadi hama apane mana ko aisI sthiti haiM ki jaisA maiM hU~ vaise hI ye saba prANI haiM, aura jaise ye saba prANI meM le jA sakeM, to hiMsA asambhava ho jAtI hai|18 haiM vaisA hI maiM hU~ isa prakAra apane samAna saba prANiyoM ko samajhakara isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki gItA bhI ahiMsA kI samarthaka hai| na svayaM kisI kA vadha kare aura na dUsaroM se kraaye|25 / mAtra anyAya ke pratikAra ke lie adveSa-buddhi pUrvaka vivazatA meM karanA gItA meM bhI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM 'Atmavat par3e aisI hiMsA kA jo samarthana gItA meM dikhAI par3atA hai usase yaha sarvabhUteSu' kI udAtta dhAraNA hI hai| yadi hama gItA ko advaitavAda kI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki gItA hiMsA kI samarthaka hai| apavAda ke rUpa samarthaka mAne to ahiMsA ke AdhAra kI dRSTi se jaina darzana aura advaitavAda meM hiMsA kA samarthana niyama nahIM bana jaataa| aisA samarthana to hameM jainAgamoM meM yaha antara ho sakatA hai ki jahA~ jaina paramparA meM sabhI AtmAoM meM bhI upalabdha ho jAtA hai| kI tAttvika samAnatA ke AdhAra para ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kI gaI hai vahAM advaitavAdI vicAraNA meM tAttvika abheda ke AdhAra para ahiMsA ahiMsA kA AdhAra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| koI bhI siddhAnta ho, ahiMsA ke udbhava kI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ke mUlAdhAra ke sambandha meM vicArakoM meM kucha dRSTi se mahattva kI bAta yahI hai ki anya jIvoM ke sAtha samAnatA bhrAnta-dhAraNAoM ko prazraya milA hai| ata: una para samyakarUpeNa vicAra yA abheda kA vAstavika saMvedana hI ahiMsA kI bhAvanA kA mUla udgama kara lenA avazyaka hai| maikenjI ne apane 'hindU ethiksa' meM isa bhrAnta hai|26 jaba vyakti meM isa saMvedanazIlatA kA sacce rUpa meM udaya ho vicAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai ki ahiMsA ke pratyaya kA nirmANa bhaya jAtA hai, to hiMsA kA vicAra asambhava ho jAtA hai| ke AdhAra para huA hai| ve likhate haiM- asabhya manuSya jIva ke vibhinna rUpoM ko bhaya kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM aura bhaya kI yaha dhAraNA hI ahiMsA jainAgamoM meM ahiMsA kI vyApakatA kA mUla hai| lekina maiM samajhatA hU~ koI bhI prabuddha vicAraka maikenjI jaina vicAraNA meM ahiMsA kA kSetra kitanA vyApaka hai, isakA kI isa dhAraNA se sahamata nahIM hogaa| jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para bhI bodha hameM praznavyAkaraNasUtra se ho sakatA hai, jisameM ahiMsA ke isa dhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kA mUlAdhAra nimna sATha paryAyavAcI nAma diye gaye haiM-27 1. nirvANa, 2. nirvRtti, jIvana ke prati sammAna evaM samatvabhAvanA hai| samatvabhAva se sahAnubhUti, 3. samAdhi, 4. zAnti, 5. kIrti, 6. kAnti, 7. prema 8. vairAgya, samAnubhUti evaM AtmIyatA utpanna hotI hai aura inhIM se ahiMsA kA 9. zrutAMga, 10. tRpti, 11. dayA, 12. vimukti, 13. kSAnti, 14. vikAsa hotA hai| ahiMsA jIvana ke prati bhaya se nahIM, jIvana ke prati samyak ArAdhanA, 15. mahatI, 16. bodhi, 17. buddhi, 18. dhRti, sammAna se vikasita hotI hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- 19. samRddhi, 20. Rddhi, 21. vRddhi, 22. sthiti (dhAraka), sabhI prANI jIvita rahanA cAhate haiM, koI maranA nahIM cAhatA, ata: 23. puSTi (poSaka), 24. nanda (Ananda) 25. bhadrA, 26. vizuddhi,
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 316 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 27. labdhi, 28. vizeSa dRSTi, 29. kalyANa, 30. maMgala, mana, vANI aura zarIra ina kA vividha bala tathA zvasana-kriyA evaM 31. pramoda, 32. vibhUti, 33. rakSA, 34. siddhAvAsa, 35. anAsrava, AyuSya, ye dasa prANa haiM aura ina prANa-zaktiyoM ke viyojIkaraNa ko 36. kaivalyasthAna, 37. ziva, 38. samiti, 39. zIla, 40. saMyama, hI dravya dRSTi se hiMsA kahA jAtA hai| yaha hiMsA kI dravya dRSTi 41. zIla-parigraha, 42. saMvara, 43. gupti, 44. vyavasAya, se kI gaI paribhASA hai| jo ki hiMsA ke bAhya pakSa para bala detI hai| 45. utsava, 46. yajJa, 47. Ayatana, 48. yatana, 49. apramAda, bhAva-hiMsA hiMsaka vicAra hai, jabaki dravya-hiMsA hiMsaka-karma hai| 50. AzvAsana, 51. vizvAsa, 52. abhaya, 53. sarva anAghAta (kisI bhAva-hiMsA mAnasika avasthA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne bhAvAnAtmaka ko na mAranA) 54. cokSa (svaccha) 55. pavitra, 56. zuci, pakSa para bala dete hue hiMsA-ahiMsA kI paribhASA kI hai| unakA kathana 57: pUtA, 58. vimalA, 59. prabhAta aura 60. nirmltr| hai ki rAgAdi kaSAyoM kA abhAva ahiMsA hai aura unakA utpanna honA isa prakAra jaina AcAra darzana meM ahiMsA zabda eka vyApaka dRSTi hiMsA hai|31 hiMsA kI eka pUrNa paribhASA tattvArtha sUtra meM milatI hai| ko lekara upasthita hotA hai, usake anusAra sabhI sadguNa ahiMsA ke tatvArtha sUtra ke anusAra rAga, dveSa, aviveka Adi pramAdoM se yukta hI vibhinna rUpa haiM aura ahiMsA hI ekamAtra sadguNa hai| hokara kiyA jAne vAlA prANa-vadha hiMsA hai| 22 ahiMsA kyA hai? hiMsA ke prakAra hiMsA kA pratipakSa ahiMsA hai,28 yaha ahiMsA kI niSedhAtmaka jaina vicArakoM ne dravya aura bhAva ina do AdhAroM para hiMsA ke paribhASA hai| lekina mAtra hiMsA kA chor3anA ahiMsA nahIM hai| niSedhAtmaka cAra vibhAga kiye haiM-1. mAtra zArIrika hiMsA 2. mAtra vaicArika hiMsA ahiMsA jIvana ke samagra pakSoM kA sparza nahIM krtii| vaha eka 3. zArIrika evaM vaicArika hiMsA aura 4. zAbdika hiNsaa| mAtra zArIrika AdhyAtmika upalabdhi nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| niSedhAtmaka ahiMsA hiMsA-yaha aisI dravya hiMsA hai, jisameM hiMsaka-kriyA to sampanna huI mAtra bAhya banakara raha jAtI hai, jabaki AdhyAtmikatA to Antarika ho lekina hiMsA ke vicAra kA abhAva ho| udAharaNArtha sAvadhAnI pUrvaka hotI hai| hiMsA nahIM karanA yaha ahiMsA kA zarIra ho sakatA hai ahiMsA calate hue bhI dRSTidoSa yA sUkSma jantu ke nahIM dikhAI dene para hiMsA kI AtmA nhiiN| kisI ko nahIM mAranA, yaha ahiMsA ke sambandha meM ho jaanaa| mAtra vaicArika hiMsA-yaha bhAva hiMsA hai isameM hiMsA kI mAtra sthUla dRSTi hai| lekina yaha mAnanA bhrAntipUrNa hogA ki jaina vicAraNA kriyA to anupasthita hote hai lekina hiMsA kA saMkalpa upasthitI hotA ahiMsA kI isa sthUla evaM bahirmukhI dRSTi taka sImita rahI hai| jaina hai| arthAt kartA hiMsA ke saMkalpa se yukta hotA hai lekina bAhya paristhiti AcAra darzana kA kendrIya tattva ahiMsA zAbdika rUpa meM yadyapi nakarAtmaka vaza use kriyAnvita karane meM saphala nahIM ho pAtA hai| jaise kaidI kA hai, lekina usakI anubhUti nakArAtmaka nahIM hai| usakI anubhUti sadaiva nyAyAdhIza kI hatyA karane kA vicAra (paramparAgata dRSTi ke anusAra hI vidhAyaka rahI hai| sarva ke prati AtmabhAva, karuNA aura maitrI kI taMdulamaccha evaM kAlakausarika kasAI ke udAharaNa isake lie diye vidhAyaka anubhUtiyoM se hI ahiMsA kI dhArA pravAhita huI hai| hiMsA jAte haiN)| vaicArika evaM zArIrika hiMsA-jisameM hiMsA kA vicAra nahIM karanA, yahI mAtra ahiMsA nahIM hai| ahiMsA kriyA nahIM, sattA hai, aura hiMsA kI kriyA donoM hI upasthita hoM jaise saMkalpa pUrvaka kI vaha hamArI AtmA kI eka avasthA hai| AtmA kI pramatta avasthA hI gaI htyaa| zAbdika hiMsA-jisameM na to hiMsA kA vicAra ho aura hiMsA hai aura apramatta avasthA hI ahiMsA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu oghaniyukti na hiMsA kI kriyA, mAtra hiMsaka zabdoM kA uccAraNa ho, jaise meM likhate haiM-pAramArthika dRSTikoNa se AtmA hI hiMsA hai aura sudhAra-bhAvanA kI dRSTi se mAtA-pitA kA bAlakoM para yA guru kA AtmA hI ahiMsA hai; pramatta AtmA hiMsaka hai aura apramatta AtmA hI ziSya para kRtrima rUpa se kupita honaa|32 naitikatA yA baMdhana kI tIvratA ahiMsA hai|29 kI dRSTi se hiMsA ke ina cAra rUpoM meM kramaza: zAbdika hiMsA kI apekSA saMkalparahita mAtra zArIrika hiMsA, saMkalparahita zArIrika hiMsA dravya evaM bhAva-hiMsA kI apekSA mAtra vaicArika hiMsA aura mAtra vaicArika hiMsA kI apekSA ahiMsA ko samyak rUpa se samajhane ke lie pahale yaha jAna lenA saMkalpa yukta zArIrika hiMsA adhika nikRSTa mAnI gaI hai| Avazyaka hai ki jaina vicAraNA hiMsA ke do pakSoM para vicAra karatI hai, eka hiMsA kA bAhya pakSa hai, jise jaina pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM hiMsA kI vibhinna sthitiyA~ dravya hiMsA kahA gayA hai| dravya hiMsA ke sambandha meM eka sthUla evaM vastuta: hiMsA kI tIna avasthAe~ ho sakatI haiM- 1. hiMsA bAhya dRSTikoNa hai| yaha eka kriyA hai jise prANAtipAta, prANavadha, kI gaI ho, 2. hiMsA karanA par3I ho aura 3. hiMsA ho gaI ho| prANahanana Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| jaina vicAraNA AtmA ko pahalI sthiti meM yadi hiMsA cetana rUpa se kI gaI ho to vaha saMkalpa apekSAkRta rUpa se nitya mAnatI hai| ata: hiMsA ke dvArA jisakA hanana yukta hai aura yadi acetana rUpa se kI gaI ho to vaha pramAda yukta hotA hai vaha AtmA nahIM, varan 'prANa' hai- prANa jaivika zakti hai| hai| hiMsaka- kriyA cAhe saMkalpa se utpanna huI vahA~ yA pramAda ke kAraNa jaina vicAraNA meM prANa dasa mAne gaye haiN| pAMca indriyoM kI pA~ca zaktiyAM, huI ho kartA doSI hai| dUsarI sthiti meM hiMsA cetana rUpa se kintu
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ahiMsA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana 317 vivazatA vaza karanI par3atI hai, yaha bAdhyatA zArIrika ho sakatI hai evaM vanaspati hI jIvanayukta haiM, varan samagra loka hI sUkSma jIvoM se athavA bAhya paristhitijanya, yahAM bhI kartA doSI hai, karma kA baMdhana bharA huA hai| kyA aisI sthiti meM koI vyakti pUrNa ahiMsaka ho sakatA bhI hotA hai lekina pAzcAttApa yA glAni ke dvArA vaha usase zuddha ho hai? mahAbhArata meM bhI jagat ko sUkSma jIvoM se vyApta mAnakara yahI jAtA hai| bAdhyatA kI avasthA meM kI gaI hiMsA ke lie kartA ko prazna uThAyA gayA hai| jala meM bahutere jIva haiM, pRthvI para tathA vRkSoM doSI mAnane kA AdhAra yaha hai ki samagra bAdhyatAeM svayaM ke dvArA Aropita ke phaloM meM bhI aneka jIva (prANa) hote haiN| aisA koI bhI manuSya haiN| bAdhyatA ke lie kartA svayaM uttaradAyI hai| bAdhyatAoM kI svIkRti nahIM hai jo inameM se kisI ko kabhI nahIM mAratA ho, puna: kitane hI kAyaratA evaM zarIra-moha kI pratIka hai| baMdhana meM honA aura baMdhana ko aise sUkSma prANI haiM jo indriyoM se nahIM, mAtra anumAna se hI jAne mAnanA yaha donoM hI kartA kI vikRtiyA~ haiM aura jaba taka ye vikRtiyAM jAte haiN| manuSya ke palakoM ke girane mAtra se hI jinake kaMdhe TUTa jAte haiM kartA svayaM doSI hai hii| tIsarI sthiti meM hiMsA na to pramAda ke haiM arthAt mara jAte haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jIvoM kI hiMsA se nahIM kAraNa hotI hai aura na vivazatA vaza hI, varan sampUrNa sAvadhAnI ke bacA jA sakatA hai| prAcIna yuga se hI jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi bhI bAvajUda bhI ho jAtI hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra hiMsA kI yaha isa prazna kI ora gaI hai| oghaniyukti meM AcArya bhadrabAhu isa prazna tIsarI sthiti kartA kI dRSTi se nirdoSa mAnI jA sakatI hai| ke sandarbha meM jaina dRSTikoNa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM-jinezvara bhagavAn kA kathana hai ki anekAneka jIva samUhoM se parivyApta vizva hiMsA ke vibhinna rUpa meM sAdhaka kA ahiMsakatva anta: meM AdhyAtma-vizuddhi kI dRSTi se hiMsaka-karma kI uparokta tIna vibhinna avasthAoM meM yadi tIsarI hI hai, bAhya hiMsA yA ahiMsA kI dRSTi se nhiiN|35 jaina vicAraNA ke hiMsA ho jAne kI avasthA ko chor3a diyA jAve to hamAre samakSa hiMsA anusAra bhI bAhya hiMsA se pUrNatayA baca pAnA sambhava nhiiN| jaba taka ke do rUpa bacate haiN| 1. hisA kI gaI ho aura 2. hiMsA karanI par3I zarIra tathA zArIrika kriyAyeM haiM taba taka koI bhI vyakti bAhya dRSTi ho| ve dazAeM jinameM hiMsA karanA par3atI hai, do prakAra kI haiN| se pUrNa ahiMsaka nahIM raha sktaa| 1. rakSaNAtmaka aura 2. AjIvikAtmaka-jisameM bhI do bAteM sammilita haiM jIvana jIne ke sAdhanoM kA arjana aura unakA upabhoga, hiMsA, ahiMsA kA sambandha vyakti ke antaHkaraNahai - jaina AcAra-darzana meM isI AdhAra para hiMsA ke cAra varga mAne hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA pratyaya bAhya ghaTanAoM para utanA nirbhara gaye hai nahIM hai jitanA vaha sAdhaka kI Antarika avasthA para AdhArita hai| 1. saMkalpajA-saMkalpa yA vicAra pUrvaka hiMsA krnaa| yaha hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke viveka kA AdhAra pramukha rUpa se Antarika AkramaNAtmaka hiMsA hai| hai| hiMsA-vicAra meM saMkalpa kI pramukhatA jaina AgamoM meM svIkAra kI 2. virodhajA-svayaM aura dUsare logoM ke jIvana evaM svatvoM gaI hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM eka saMvAda ke dvArA ise spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| (adhikAroM) ke ArakSaNa ke lie vivazatA vaza hiMsA krnaa| yaha gaNadhara gautama, mahAvIra se prazna karate haiM- he bhagavan! kisI rakSaNAtmaka hiMsA hai| zramaNopAsaka ne trasa prANI ke vadha nahIM karane kI pratijJA lI ho lekina 3. udyogajA-AjIvikA ke upArjana athavA udyoga evaM vyavasAya pRthvIkAya kI hiMsA kI pratijJA nahIM grahaNa kI ho| yadi bhUmi khodate ke nimitta hone vAlI hiNsaa| yaha upArjanAtmaka hiMsA hai| hue usase kisI prANI kA vadha ho jAe to kyA usakI pratijJA bhaMga 4. ArambhajA-jIvana-nirvAha ke nimitta hone vAlI hiMsA-jaise / huI? isa prazna ke uttara meM mahAvIra kahate haiM ki yaha mAnanA ucita bhojana ke pakAne meN| yaha nirvAhAtmaka hiMsA hai| nahIM hai, usakI pratijJA bhaMga nahIM huI hai|36 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki saMkalpa kI upasthiti athavA sAdhaka kI mAnasika sthiti hI hiMsA hiMsA ke kAraNa ahiMsA ke vicAra meM pramukha tattva hai| paravartI jaina sAhitya meM bhI yaha jaina AcAryoM ne hiMsA ke kAraNa mAne haiM- 1. rAga, 2. dveSa, dhAraNA puSTa hotI rahI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu kA kathana hai ki 'sAvadhAnI 3. kaSAya aura 4. prmaad| pUrvaka calane vAle sAdhu ke paira ke nIce bhI kabhI-kabhI kITa, pataMga Adi kSudra prANI A jAte haiM aura dabakara mara bhI jAte haiM, lekina hiMsA ke sAdhana ukta hiMsA ke nimitta se use sUkSma karmabandha bhI nahIM batAyA gayA hai, jahA~ taka hiMsA ke mUla sAdhanoM kA prazna hai, ve tIna haiM-mana, kyoMki vaha antaH meM sarvatobhAvena usa hiMsA-vyApAra se nirlipta hone vacana aura shriir| vyakti sabhI prakAra kI hiMsA inhIM tIna sAdhanoM ke ke kAraNa niSpApa hai| jo vivekavAn, apramatta sAdhaka hRdaya se niSpApa dvArA karate haiN| hai aura Agamavidhi ke anusAra AcaraNa karatA hai, usake dvArA ho jAne vAlI hiMsA bhI karma-nirjarA kA kAraNa hai38 lekina jo pramatta kyA pUrNa ahiMsaka honA saMbhava hai? vyakti hai usakI kisI bhI ceSTA se jo bhI prANI mara jAte haiM vaha jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra na kevala pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu, agni nizcita rUpa se una sabakA hiMsaka hotA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM varana jo
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 318 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 prANI nahIM mAre gaye haiM, pramatta unakA bhI hiMsaka hai kyoMki vaha antara meM sarvatobhAvena pApAtmA hai|9 isa prakAra AcArya kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki kevala dRzyamAn pApa rUpa hiMsA se hI koI hiMsaka nahIM ho jaataa| AcArya kundakunda pravacanasAra meM likhate haiM ki bAhara meM prANI mare yA jIye ayatAcArI-pramatta ko andara meM hiMsA nizcita hai| parantu jo ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke lie prayatnazIla hai, saMyatAcArI hai usako bAhara se hone vAlI hiMsA se karma-bandha nahIM hai|" AcArya amRtacandra sUri likhate haiM ki rAgAdi kaSAyoM se mukta niyamapUrvaka AcAraNa karate hue bhI yadi prANAghAta ho jAve to vaha hiMsA hiMsA nahIM hai| nizItha cUrNi meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki prANAtipAta (hiMsA) hone para bhI apramatta sAdhaka ahiMsaka hai aura prANAtipAta na hone para bhI pramatta vyakti hiMsaka hai|43 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM hiMsA ahiMsA kA prazna mukhya rUpa se Antarika rahA hai| jaina AcAryoM ke isa dRSTikoNa ke pIche jo pramukha vicAra hai, vaha yaha hai ki vyavahArika rUpa meM pUrNa ahiMsA kA pAlana aura jIvana meM sadguNa ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se jIvana ko banAe rakhane kA prayAsa ye do aisI sthitiyAM haiM jinako sAtha-sAtha calAnA saMbhava nahIM hotA hai, ata: jaina vicArakoM ko anta meM yahI svIkAra karanA par3A ki hiMsA ahiMsA kA sambandha bAharI ghaTanAoM kI apekSA Antarika vRttiyoM se hai| isa dRSTikoNa kA samarthana hameM gItA aura dhammapada meM bhI milatA hai| gItA kahatI hai-jo ahaMkAra kI bhAvanA se mukta hai, jisakI buddhi malina nahIM hai, vaha ina saba manuSyoM ko mAratA huA bhI mAratA nahIM hai aura vaha [ apane karmoM ke kAraNa ] bandhana meM nahIM pdd'taa|45 dhammapada meM bhI kahA gayA hai 'vItatRSNa vyakti brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAoM ko eva prajA-sahita rASTra ko mAra kara bhI niSpApa hokara jItA hai kyoMki vaha pApa-puNya se Upara uTha jAtA hai'46| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI vivecanA ke mUla meM pramAda yA rAgAdi bhAva hI pramukha tathya haiN| sandarbha : 1. ahiMsAe bhagavatIe-esA sA bhagavatI ahiNsaa|-prshnvyaakrnnsuutr 2/1/21-22 / je aIyA, je ya paDuppannA, je AgamissA arahaMtA bhagavaMto te savve evamAikkhaMti, evaM bhAsaMti, evaM paNNaviMti evaM paruviMti-savve pANA, savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA, na haMtavvA, na ajjAveyavvA, na paridhittavvA; na paritAveyavvA, na uddaveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe, niie, sAsae samicca loye kheyaNNAhiM pveie| -AcArAMga, (saM0 AtmArAmajI, jaina sthAnaka ludhiyAnA, 1964) 4/127 // 3. evaM khu NANiNo sAraM jaM Na hiMsai kiNcnN| __ ahiMsA samaya ceva etAMvataM viyaanniyaa| -sUtrakRtAGga 1/4/10 tatthimaM par3hamaM ThANaM mahAvIreNa desiyN| ahiMsA niuNA diTThA savvabhUe susNjmo| -dazavaikAlika, 6/9 / 5. dhammamahiMsA samaM ntthi| bhaktaparijJA 9 / anRtavacanAdikevalamudAhRtaM shissybodhaay| puruSArthasiddhayupAya 42 // 7. savvesimAsamANaM hidayaM gabbho va savva satthANaM-bhagavatI ArAdhanA,90 8. dharma samAsato'hiMsA varNayanti tathAgatA -catuHzataka 9. na tena ariyA hoti yena pANAni hiNsti| ahiMsA savvapANAnaM, ariyo ti pvuccaati| -dhammapada 270 10. jayaveraM pasavati duHkha seti parAjito upasanto sukhaM seti jypraajyo||-dhmmpd 201 / 11. aMgutaranikAya, tIsarA nipAta 153 12. gItA 10/5-7, 16/2, 7/14 13. evaM sarvamahiMsAyAM dhrmaarthmpidhiiyte| -mahAbhArata,zAntiparva, gItApresa, gorakhapura, 245/19 14. ahiMsArthAya bhUtAnAM dharmapravacanaM kRtm| yaH syAdahiMsAsampRktaH sa dharma iti nishcyH| -mahAbhArata,zAntiparva 109/12 / 15. na hi atra yuddhaH kartavyo vidhiiyte| -gItA, zAMkarabhASya 2/18 / 16. gItA, zAMkarabhASya 6/32 17. dI bhagavadgItA eNDa ceMjiMga varlDa, pRSTha 122 18. bhgvdgiitaa-raadhaakRssnnn| -pRSTha 74-75 19. Hidnu Ethics 20. savve jIvA vi icchati jIviuM na marijjiuM tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM niggaMthA vajjayaMtiNaM-dasavaikAlika 6/11 21. ajjhatthaM savvao savvaM dissa paannepiyaaye| Na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayaverAo uvre|| uttarA 6/7 22. je logaM abbhAikkhati se attANaM abbhaaikkhti| -AcArAMga 13/3 / 23. tumaMsi nAma taM ceva jaM hantavvaM ti manasi, tumaMsi nAma taM ceva jaM ajjAveyavvati mannasi, tumaMsi nAma ta ceva jaM pariyAveyavvati mntrsi| -AcArAMga 1/5-4 24. jIvavaho appavaho jIvadayA appaNo dayA hoii| bhaktaparijJA 93 25. yathA ahaM tathA ete, yathA ete tathA ahN| attAnaM upamaM katvA, na haneyya na ghaatye|| -suttanipAta 3/37/27 26. darzana aura cintana, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 125 / 27. prazna vyAkaraNasUtra, 2/21 / 28. hiMsAe paDivakkho hoI ahiMsA -dazavaikAlika,niyukti 60 29. AyA ceva ahiMsA AyA hiMsatti nicchayo eso| jo hoi appamatto ahiMsao iyro|| oghaniyukti 754 30. paMcendriyANi trividhaM balaM cucchvaasnishvaasmthaanydaayuH| prANA: dazaitebhagavadbhiruktAsteSAM viyojIkaraNaM tu hiNsaa|| - abhidhAnarAjendra, khaNDa 7, pRSTha 1228 / 31. aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhvtyhiNseti| teSAmevotpatti hiMseti jinAgamasya saMkSepaH / / -puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 44
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA aparigraha siddhAnta aura usakI upAdeyatA 319 32. pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA-tattvArthasUtra 7/8 33. abhidhAnarAjendra, khaNDa 7, pRSTha 1231 39. je ya pamatto puriso, tassa ya joga paDucca je sttaa| 34. udake bahavaH prANAH pRthivyAM ca phaleSu c| vAvajjate niyamA, tesiM so hiMsao hoii||| na ca kazcinna tAn hanti kimanyat praannyaapnaat| je vi na vAvajjaMtI, niyamA tesiM pi hiMsao sou| sUkSmayonIni bhUtAni tarkagamyAni kaanicit| sAvajjo u paogeNa, savvabhAveNa so jmhaa|| pakSmaNo'pi nipAtena yeSAM syAt skndhpryyH|| -oghaniyukti 752-53 / - mahAbhArata zAntiparva 15/25-26 / 40. na ya hiMsAmetteNaM, sAvajjeNAvi hiMsao hoii| -oghaniyukti 758 35. ajjhattha visohIe jIvanikAehiM saMthaDe loe| 41. maradu va jiyadu va jIvo, ayadAcArassaNicchidA hiNsaa| desiyamahiMsagaMtta jinnehiNtiloydrisiihiN|| -ogha niyukti, 747 / payadassa natthi baMdho hisAmetteNa smidss|| -pravacanasAra 217 36. smnnovaagssnnNbhte| puvvAmeva tasa pANa samArambhe paccakhAe bhavaI, 42. yuktAcaraNasya sato raagaadyaavshmntrennaa'pi| puDhavI samArambheNa paccakhAe bhavai, se ya puDhavi khaNamANe aNNayaraM na hi bhavati jAtu hiMsA praannvypropnnaadev|| tasapANaM vihiMsejjA seNaM bhaMte taM vayaM aticarita? no iNaDhe samaDhe -puruSArthasiddhyupAya 45 no khalu se tasa aivAyAe aautttthii| -bhagavatI 7/1 43. sati pANAtivAe appamatto avahago bhvti| 37. uccAliyaMmi pAe, IriyAsamiyassa sNkmtttthaae| evaM asati pANAtivAe pammattAe vahago bhvti|| vAvajjejja kuliMgI, marijja taM jogmaasjj| -nizIthacUrNi 92 / na ya tassa tannimitto, baMdho suhumo vi desio sme| 44. dekhie-darzana aura cintana, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 414 aNAvajjo u paogeNa, savvabhAveNa so jmhaa|| 45. yasya nAhaMkRto bhAvo buddhiryasya na lipyte| -oghaniyukti 748-49 hatvApi sa imAllokAnna hanti na nibdhyte|| -gItA 18/17 38. jA jayamANassa bhave, virAhaNA suttvihismggss| ___46. mAtaraM pitaraM hantvA rAjAno dve ca khttiye| sA hoI nijjaraphalA, ajjhtthvisohijuttss|| raTuM sAnucaraM hantvA anidho yAti braahmnno| -dhammapada 294 - oghaniyukti 559 / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA aparigraha-siddhAnta aura usakI upAdeyatA saMgrahavRtti kA udbhava evaM vikAsa aparigraha kA prazna sampatti ke svAmitva se jur3A huA hai aura sampatti kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa mAnava jAti ke vikAsa kA sahagAmI hai| mAnava isa pRthvI para kaise aura kaba astitva meM AyA? yaha prazna Aja bhI vaijJAnikoM ke lie eka gUr3ha pahelI banA huA hai| vikAsavAdI dArzanika mAnava-sRSTi ko vikAsa kI prakriyA kA hI eka aMga mAnate haiM aura amIbA jaise eka koSIya prANI se prANiyoM kI vibhinna jAtiyoM kI vikAsa prakriyA ke mAdhyama se manuSya kI utpatti kI vyAkhyA karate vicAra hI utpanna nahIM huA thA kyoMki usa yuga meM na to sampatti hI thI aura na usake svAmitva kA vicAra hI thaa| mAnava udAra prakRti kI goda meM palatA aura poSita hotA thaa| jaina paramparA meM ise yaugalika yuga (akarma-yuga) kahA jAtA hai| sAmyavAdI vicAradhArA kI dRSTi se yaha prArambhika sAmyavAda(PrimitiveSocialism) kI avasthA thii| sAmAnyatayA isa yuga meM mAnava kI AkAkSAyeM itanI bar3hI-car3hI nahIM thIM, aura eka dRSTi se vaha sukhI aura santuSTa thaa| kintu dhIre-dhIre eka ora janasaMkhyA bar3hI tathA dUsarI ora prakRti prakriyA (kanTInyUiMga prosesa) batAtA hai aura mAnava jAti ke astitva yahIM se zrama kI udbhAvanA huii| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra aisI avasthA ko bhI isa Aroha aura avaroha-krama ke sandarbha meM hI vivecita karatA meM sarvaprathama bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne mAnava jAti ko kRSi kI zikSA hai| phira bhI nRtatvavijJAna, vikAsavAdI darzana aura jaina darzana isa dii| kRSi meM jahA~ eka ora mAnava-zrama lagane lagA vahIM dUsarI ora sambandha meM eka mata haiM ki mAnava kI vartamAna sabhyatA kA vikAsa usa zrama ke pariNAma svarUpa utpanna anna-sAmagrI ke saMcayana aura svAmitva usake prAkRtika jIvana se huA hai| eka samaya thA jabaki manuSya vizuddha kA prazna bhI uTha khar3A huaa| vastutaH kRSi se utpanna sAmagrI aisI rUpa se eka prAkRtika jIvana jItA thA aura prakRti bhI itanI samRddha nahIM, jo varSa meM hara samaya sulabha ho sake, kevala varSA para Azrita thI ki use apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie na to koI viziSTa vaha kRSi niyata samaya para hI apanI upaja de pAtI thI aura isalie zrama karanA hotA thA aura na saMgraha hii| ata: usa yuga meM parigraha kA sampUrNa varSa bhara ke liye anna kA saMcayana Avazyaka thaa| jIvana-rakSaNa