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________________ Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva, racanAkAla evaM racayitA Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna kisI bhI dhArmika paramparA kA AdhAra usake dharmagrantha hote haiM, jinheM vaha pramANabhUta mAnakara calatI hai| jisa prakAra musalamAnoM ke liye kurAna, IsAIyoM ke liye bAibila, bauddhoM ke liye tripiTaka aura hinduoM ke liye veda pramANabhUta grantha haiM, usI prakAra jainoM ke liye Agama pramANabhUta grantha haiN| sarvaprathama tattvArthasUtra, nandIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtra meM AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| paramparAgata avadhAraNA yaha hai ki tIrthaGkaroM dvArA upadiSTa aura gaNadharoM dvArA racita grantha aMgapraviSTa Agama kahe jAte haiN| inakI saMkhyA bAraha hai, jo zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai| ina aMga AgamoM ke nAma haiM - 1. AcArAMga, 2, sUtrakRtAMga, 3. sthAnAMga, 4. samavAyAMga, 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti, 6. jJAtAdharmakathAMga, 7. upAsakadazAMga, 8. antakRddazAMga, 9. anuttaraupapAtikadazA 10. praznavyAkaraNadazA, 11. vipAkadazA aura 12. dRssttivaad| inake nAma aura krama ke sambandha meM bhI donoM paramparAoM meM ekarUpatA hai| mUlabhUta antara mAtra yaha hai ki jahA~ zvetAmbara paramparA Aja bhI dRSTivAda ke atirikta zeSa gyAraha aMgoM kA astitva svIkAra karatI hai, vahA~ digambara paramparA Aja mAtra dRSTivAda ke AdhAra para nirmita kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi ke atirikta ina aMga-AgamoM ko vilupta mAnatI hai| aMgabAhya ve grantha haiM jo jinavacana ke AdhAra para sthaviroM ke dvArA likhe gae haiN| nandIsUtra meM aMga-bAhya AgamoM ko bhI prathamataH do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai -- 1. Avazyaka aura 2. Avazyaka vytirikt| Avazyaka ke antargata sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdanA pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna, ye chaH grantha sammilita rUpa se Ate haiM, jinheM Aja AvazyakasUtra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isI grantha meM Avazyaka vyatirikta Agama-granthoM ko bhI puna: do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai - 1. kAlika aura 2. utkaalik| Aja prakIrNakoM meM vargIkRta nau grantha inhIM do vibhAgoM ke antargata ullikhita haiN| isameM kAlika ke antargata RSibhASita aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti, ina do prakIrNakoM
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________________ 148 Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla kA ullekha milatA hai, jabaki utkAlika ke antargata devendrastava, tandulavaicArika, candravedhyaka, gaNividyA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura maraNavibhakti ina sAta prakIrNakoM kA ullekha hai| prAcIna AgamoM meM aisA kahIM bhI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai ki amuka-amuka grantha prakIrNaka ke antargata Ate haiN| nandIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtra donoM meM hI AgamoM ke vibhinna vargoM meM kahIM bhI prakIrNaka-varga kA ullekha nahIM hai| yadyapi ina donoM granthoM meM Aja hama jinheM prakIrNaka mAna rahe haiM, unameM se aneka kA ullekha kAlika evaM utkAlika AgamoM ke antargata huA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki AgamoM kA aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, cUlikA aura prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM ullekha sarvaprathama AcArya jinaprabha ke vidhimArgaprapA ( lagabhaga IsA kI terahavIM zatI ) meM milatA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki terahavIM zatI se pUrva AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa meM kahIM bhI prakIrNaka varga kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai, kintu isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAla lenA cAhiye ki usake pUrva na to prakIrNaka sAhitya thA aura na hI inakA koI ullekha thaa| aMga-AgamoM meM sarvaprathama samavAyAMgasUtra meM prakIrNaka kA ullekha huA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke caurAsI hajAra ziSyoM dvArA racita caurAsI hajAra prakIrNaka the| paramparAgata avadhAraNA yaha hai ki jisa tIrthaGkara ke jitane ziSya hote haiM, usake zAsana meM utane hI prakIrNaka granthoM kI racanA hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA prakIrNaka zabda kA tAtparya hotA hai -vividha grnth| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki prArambha meM AgamoM ke atirikta sabhI grantha prakIrNaka kI koTi meM mAne jAte the| aMga-AgamoM se itara Avazyaka, Avazyaka vyatirikta, kAlika evaM utkAlika ke rUpa meM vargIkRta sabhI grantha prakIrNaka kahalAte the| mere isa kathana kA pramANa yaha hai ki SaTakhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM bAraha aMga-AgamoM se bhinna aMgabAhya granthoM ko prakIrNaka nAma diyA gayA hai| usameM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, RSibhASita Adi ko bhI prakIrNaka hI kahA gayA hai| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita athavA prakIrNaka varga meM samAhita sabhI granthoM ke nAma ke anta meM prakIrNaka zabda nahIM milatA hai| mAtra kucha hI grantha aise haiM jinake nAma ke anta meM prakIrNaka zabda kA ullekha huA hai| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki prakIrNakoM kA astitva ati prAcIna kAla meM bhI rahA hai, cAhe unheM prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA ho athavA na kiyA gayA ho| nandIsatrakAra ne aMgaAgamoM ko chor3akara Agama rUpa meM mAnya sabhI granthoM ko prakIrNaka kahA hai| ata: 'prakIrNaka' zabda Aja jitane saMkucita artha meM hai utanA pUrva meM nahIM thaa|
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________________ Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla 149 umAsvAti aura devavAcaka ke samaya meM to aMga-AgamoM ke atirikta zeSa sabhI AgamoM ko prakIrNakoM meM hI samAhita kiyA jAtA thaa| isase jaina Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA kyA sthAna hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| prAcIna dRSTi se to aMgaAgamoM ke atirikta sampUrNa jaina Agamika sAhitya prakIrNaka varga ke antargata AtA hai| vartamAna meM prakIrNaka varga ke antargata dasa grantha mAnane kI jo paramparA hai, vaha na kevala arvAcIna hai apitu isa sandarbha meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda bhI hai ki ina dasa -prakIrNakoM meM kauna se grantha samAhita kiye jaaeN| pradyumnasari ne vicArasAraprakaraNa ( caudahavIM zatAbdI ) meM paiMtAlIsa AgamoM kA ullekha karate hue kucha prakIrNakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| Agama prabhAkara muni puNyavijayajI ne cAra alaga-alaga sandarbho meM prakIrNakoM kI alaga-alaga sUciyA~ prastuta kI haiN| ata: dasa prakIrNaka ke antargata kina-kina granthoM ko samAhita karanA cAhiye, isa sandarbha meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM kahIM bhI ekarUpatA dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki prakIrNaka granthoM kI saMkhyA dasa hai, yaha mAnyatA na kevala paravartI hai apitu usameM ekarUpatA kA bhI abhAva hai| bhinna-bhitra zvetAmbara AcArya bhinna-bhinna sUciyA~ prastuta karate rahe haiM unameM kucha nAmoM meM to ekarUpatA hotI hai, kintu sabhI nAmoM meM ekarUpatA kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai usameM tattvArthabhASya kA anusaraNa karate hue aMga-AgamoM ke atirikta anya granthoM ko prakIrNaka kahane kI hI paramparA rahI hai| ata: prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA amuka hI hai, yaha kahane kA koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM hai| vastuta: aMga-Agama sAhitya ke atirikta sampUrNa aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya prakIrNaka ke antargata Ate haiN| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya jaina Agama sAhitya ke ati vizAla bhAga kA paricAyaka hai aura unakI saMkhyA ko dasa taka sImita karane kA dRSTikoNa paryApta rUpa se paravartI aura vivAdAspada hai| prakIrNaka sAhitya kA mahattva yadyapi vartamAna meM zvetAmbara jainoM ke sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya prakIrNakoM ko AgamoM ke antargata mAnya nahIM karate haiM kintu prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu kA adhyayana karane se aisA lagatA hai ki aneka prakIrNaka aMga-AgamoM kI apekSA bhI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki AcArya vIrabhadra dvArA IsA kI dasavIM zatI meM racita kucha prakIrNaka arvAcIna haiM, kintu isase sampUrNa prakIrNakoM kI arvAcInatA siddha nahIM hotii| viSayavastu kI dRSTi se .
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________________ 150 Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla prakIrNaka sAhitya meM jainavidyA ke vividha pakSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jahA~ taka devendrastava aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti prakIrNaka kA prazna hai, ve mukhyata: jaina khagola aura bhUgola kI carcA karate haiN| isI prakAra titthogAlI prakIrNaka meM bhI jaina kAlavyavasthA kA citraNa vibhinna bhaugolika kSetroM ke sandarbha meM haA hai| jyotiSkaraNDaka aura gaNividyA-prakIrNaka kA sambandha mukhyatayA jaina jyotiSa se hai| titthogAlI prakIrNaka mukhyarUpa se prAcIna jaina itihAsa ko prastuta karatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM titthogAlI hI ekamAtra aisA prakIrNaka hai jisameM AgamajJAna ke kramika uccheda kI bAta kahI gaI hai| sArAvalI prakIrNaka meM mukhya rUpa se zatruJjaya mahAtIrtha kI kathA aura mahattva ullikhita hai| taMdulavaicArika prakIrNaka jaina jIvavijJAna kA sundara aura saMkSipta paricaya prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra aMgavidyA nAmaka prakIrNaka mAnava zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha unake zubhAzubha lakSaNoM kA bhI citraNa karatA hai aura unake AdhAra para phalAdeza bhI prastuta karatA hai| isa prakAra isa grantha kA sambandha zarIra-racanA evaM phalita jyotiSa donoM viSayoM se hai| gacchAcAra prakIrNaka meM jaina saMgha-vyavasthA kA citraNa upalabdha hotA hai, jabaki candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM guru-ziSya ke sambandha evaM zikSA-sambandhoM kA nirdeza hai| vIrastava prakIrNaka meM mahAvIra ke vividha vizeSaNa ke artha kI vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| catuHzaraNa prakIrNaka meM mukhya rUpa se caturvidha saMgha ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue jaina-sAdhanA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, maraNasamAdhi, saMstAraka, ArAdhanApatAkA, ArAdhanAprakaraNa, bhaktapratyAkhyAna Adi prakIrNaka jaina-sAdhanA ke antima caraNa samAdhimaraNa kI pUrva taiyArI aura usakI sAdhanA kI vizeSa vidhiyoM kA citraNa prastuta karate haiN| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya meM jainavidyA ke vividha pakSoM kA samAveza huA hai, jo jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM unake mUlya aura mahattva ko spaSTa kara detA hai| prakIrNaka sAhitya kA racanAkAla jahA~ taka prakIrNakoM kI prAcInatA kA prazna hai unameM se aneka prakIrNakoM kA ullekha nandIsUtra meM hone se ve usase prAcIna siddha ho jAte haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita granthoM meM se aneka to aMga-AgamoM kI apekSA prAcIna stara ke rahe haiM, kyoMki RSibhASita kA sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga meM ullekha hai|' RSibhASita Adi kucha aise prakIrNaka haiM jo bhASA-zailI, viSayavastu Adi aneka AdhAroM para AcArAMgasUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara zeSa AgamoM kI apekSA bhI prAcIna haiN| RSibhASita usa kAla kA grantha hai, jaba jainadharma sImita sImAoM
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________________ Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla 151 meM Abaddha nahIM huA thA varan usameM anya paramparAoM ke zramaNoM ko bhI AdarapUrvaka sthAna prApta thaa| isa grantha kI racanA usa yuga meM sambhava nahIM thI, jaba jainadharma bhI sampradAya ke kSudra ghere meM Abaddha ho gyaa| lagabhaga I0 pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI se jainadharma meM jo sAmpradAyika abhiniveza dRr3ha ho rahe the, usake saMketa sUtrakRtAMgasUtra aura bhagavatIsUtra jaise prAcIna AgamoM meM bhI mila rahe haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM jisa maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI kaTu AlocanA hai, use RSibhASita arhat RSi kahatA hai| AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, taMdulavaicArika, maraNavibhakti Adi prakIrNaka sAhitya ke aise grantha haiM - jo sampradAyagata AgrahoM se mukta haiN| sUtrakRttAMgasUtra meM RSibhASita ke aneka RSiyoM kA sammAnapUrvaka ullekha aura unheM arhat paramparA dvArA sammata mAnA jAnA bhI yahIM sUcita karatA hai ki RSibhASita ina aMga-AgamoM se bhI prAcIna hai| puna: RSibhASita jaise kucha prAcIna prakIrNakoM kI bhASA kA ardhamAgadhI svarUpa tathA AgamoM kI apekSA unakI bhASA para mahArASTrI bhASA kI alpatA bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ye grantha prAcIna stara ke haiN| nandIsUtra meM prakIrNaka ke nAma se abhihita nau granthoM kA ullekha bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki kama se kama ye nau prakIrNaka to nandIsUtra se pUrvavartI haiN| nandIsUtra kA kAla vidvAnoM ne vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatI mAnA hai, ata: ye prakIrNaka usase pUrva ke haiN| isI prakAra samavAyAMgasatra meM spaSTa rUpa se prakIrNakoM kA nirdeza bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki samavAyAMgasUtra ke racanAkAla arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatI meM bhI aneka prakIrNakoM kA astitva thaa| ___ ina prakIrNakoM meM devendrastava ke racanAkAra RSipAlita haiN| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM RSipAlita kA ullekha hai| inakA kAla IsA-pUrva prathama zatI ke lagabhaga hai| isakI vistRta carcA hamane devendrastava ( deviMdatthao ) prastAvanA meM kI hai (icchuka pAThaka use vahA~ dekha sakate haiM ) / abhI-abhI 'sambodhi' patrikA meM zrI lalita kumAra kA eka zodha-lekha prakAzita huA hai, jisameM unhoMne purAtAttvika AdhAroM para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki devendrastava kI racanA I0 pU0 prathama zatI meM yA usake bhI kucha pUrva huI hogii| prakIrNakoM meM nimalikhita prakIrNaka vIrabhadra kI racanA kahe jAte haiM -- causaraNa, AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNNA aura aaraadhnaaptaakaa| ArAdhanApatAkA kI prazasti meM 'vikkamanivakAlAo aTTatarime-samAsahassammi yA pAThabheda se aTThabheda se samAsahassammi' ke ullekha ke anusAra inakA racanAkAla I0 san 1008 yA 1078 siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita granthoM meM jahA~ RSibhASita I0 pU0 pA~cavIM zatI kI racanA hai, vahIM ArAdhanApatAkA I0 san kI dasavIM yA gyArahavIM zatI ke
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________________ 152 Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla pUrvArddha kI racanA hai| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya meM samAhita grantha lagabhaga pandraha sau varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM nirmita hote rahe haiM, phira bhI causaraNa, paravartI AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNNA, saMthAraMga aura ArAhanApaDAyA ko chor3akara zeSa prakIrNaka I0 san kI pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrva kI racanAe~ haiN| jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita 'paiNNAyasuttAI' meM AurapaccakkhANa ke nAma se tIna grantha upalabdha hote haiM, inameM vIrabhadra racita AurapaccakkhANa paravartI hai kintu nandIsUtra meM ullikhita AurapaccakkhANa to prAcIna hI hai| yahA~ para yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prakIrNakoM kI aneka gAthAe~ zvetAmbara mAnya aMga-AgamoM evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra jaise prAcIna stara ke Agama granthoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| gadya aMga-AgamoM, meM padyarUpa meM ina gAthAoM kI upasthiti bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki unameM ye gAthAe~ prakIrNakoM se avatarita haiN| yaha kArya valabhIvAcanA ke pUrva huA hai, ata: phalita hotA hai ki nandIsUtra meM ullikhita prakIrNaka valabhIvAcanA ke pUrva racita haiN| taMdulavaicArika kA ullekha dazavaikAlika kI prAcIna agastyasiMha cUrNi meM hai| isase usakI prAcInatA siddha ho jAtI hai| yaha cUrNi anya cUrNiyoM kI apekSA prAcIna mAnI gayI hai| digambara paramparA meM mUlAcAra, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM prakIrNakoM kI saikar3oM gAthAe~ apane zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa meM milatI haiN| mUlAcAra ke saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAma adhyAyoM meM to AturapratyAkhyAna evaM mahApratyAkhyAna ina donoM prakIrNakoM kI lagabhaga sattara se adhika gAthAe~ haiN| isI prakAra maraNavibhakti prakIrNaka kI lagabhaga zatAdhika gAthAe~ bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM milatI haiN| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki ye prakIrNaka grantha mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI-ArAdhanA se pUrva ke haiN| mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI-ArAdhanA ke racanAkAla ko lekara cAhe kitanA bhI matabheda ho, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki ye grantha IsA kI chaThI zatI se paravartI nahIM haiN| yadyapi yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki prakIrNakoM meM ye gAthAe~ ina yApanIya/acela paramparA ke granthoM se lI gayI hoMgI, kintu aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha dAvA nirasta ho jAtA hai| jinameM se kucha pramANa isa prakAra haiM - 1. guNasthAna siddhAnta umAsvAti ke tattvArthasatra aura AcArAMganiryakti kI racanA ke pazcAt lagabhaga pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI meM astitva meM AyA hai| cUMki mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI-ArAdhanA donoM granthoM meM guNasthAna kA ullekha milatA hai, ata: ye grantha pA~cavIM zatI ke bAda kI racanAe~ haiM jabaki AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura maraNasamAdhi kA ullekha nandIsUtra meM hone se ye grantha pA~cavIM zatI
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________________ Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla 153 . ke pUrva kI racanAe~ haiN| 2. malAcAra meM saMkSiptapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka adhyayana banAkara unameM AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka donoM granthoM ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ye grantha pUrvavartI hai aura mUlAcAra paravartI hai| 3. bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM bhI maraNavibhakti kI aneka gAthAe~ samAna rUpa se milatI haiN| varNya-viSaya kI samAnatA hote hue bhI bhagavatI-ArAdhanA meM jo vistAra hai, vaha maraNavibhakti meM nahIM hai| prAcIna stara ke grantha mAtra zrutaparamparA se kaNThastha kiye jAte the, ata: ve AkAra meM saMkSipta hote the tAki unheM sugamatA se yAda rakhA jA sake, jabaki lekhana-paramparA ke vikasita hone ke pazcAt vizAlakAya grantha nirmita hone lge| mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI-ArAdhanA donoM vizAla grantha haiM, ata: ve prakIrNakoM se apekSAkRta paravartI haiN| vastuta: prakIrNaka sAhitya ke ve sabhI grantha jo nandIsUtra aura pAkSikasatra meM ullikhita haiM aura vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM, nizcita hI IsA kI pA~cavIM zatI ke pUrva ke haiN| prakIrNakoM meM jyotiSkaraNDaka nAmaka prakIrNaka kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM zramaNa gandhahastI aura pratihastI kA ullekha milatA hai| isameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jisa viSaya kA sUryaprajJapti meM vistAra se vivecana hai, usI ko saMkSepa meM yahA~ diyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki yaha prakIrNaka sUryaprajJapti ke AdhAra para nirmita kiyA gayA hai| isameM kartA ke rUpa meM pAdaliptAcArya kA bhI spaSTa ullekha haA hai| pAdaliptAcArya kA ullekha niyukti sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai (lagabhaga IsA kI prathama shtii)| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki jyotiSkaraNDaka kA racanAkAla bhI I0 san kI prathama zatI hai| aMgabAhya AgamoM meM sUryaprajJapti, jisake AdhAra para isa grantha kI racanA huI, eka prAcIna grantha hai kyoMki isameM jo jyotiSa sambandhI vivaraNa haiM, vaha IsvI pUrva ke haiM, usake AdhAra para bhI isakI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| sAtha hI isakI bhASA meM ardhamAgadhI rUpoM kI pracuratA bhI ise prAcIna grantha siddha karatI hai| ata: prakIrNakoM ke racanAkAla kI pUrva sImA I0 pU0 caturtha-tRtIya zatI se prArambha hotI hai| paravartI kucha prakIrNaka jaise kuzalANubaMdhi adhyayana, catu:zaraNa, bhaktaparijJA Adi vIrabhadra kI racanA mAne jAte haiM, ve nizcita hI IsA kI dasavIM zatI kI racanAe~ haiN| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya kA racanAkAla I0 pU0 catartha zatI se prArambha hokara IsA kI dasavIM zatI taka arthAt lagabhaga pandraha sau varSoM kI sudIrgha avadhi taka vyApta hai|
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________________ 154 Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla prakIrNakoM ke racayitA prakIrNaka sAhitya ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM vicAra karate hue hamane yaha pAyA hai ki adhikAMza prakIrNaka granthoM ke racayitA ke sandarbha meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai| prAcIna stara ke prakIrNakoM meM RSibhASita, candravedhyaka, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, maraNasamAdhi, gaNividyA, saMstAraka Adi meM lekhaka ke nAma kA kahIM bhI nirdeza nahIM hai| mAtra devendrastava aura jyotiSkaraNDaka do hI prAcIna prakIrNaka aise haiM, jinakI antima gAthAoM meM spaSTa rUpa se lekhaka ke nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai|" devendrastava ke karttA ke rUpa meM RSipAlita aura jyotiSkaraNDaka ke kartA ke rUpa meM pAdaliptAcArya ke nAmoM kA ullekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM mahAvIra kI paTTaparamparA meM terahaveM sthAna para AtA hai aura isa AdhAra para ve I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ke siddha hote haiN| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM inake dvArA koTikagaNa kI RSipAlita zAkhA prArambha huI, aisA bhI ullekha hai| isa sandarbha meM aura vistAra se carcA hamane devendrastava prakIrNaka kI bhUmikA meM kI hai / 11 devendrastava ke karttA RSipAlita kA samaya lagabhaga I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdI hai| isa tathya kI puSTi zrI lalita kumAra ne apane eka zodha-lekha meM kI hai, jisakA nirdeza bhI hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| jyotiSkaraNDaka ke karttA pAdaliptAcArya kA ullekha hameM niyukti sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai / AryarakSita ke samakAlika hone se ve lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke hI siddha hote haiN| unake vyaktitva ke sandarbha meM bhI cUrNi sAhitya aura paravartI prabandhoM meM vistAra se ullekha milatA hai| kusalANubaMdhi adhyayana aura bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka ke kartA ke rUpa meM bhI AcArya vIrabhadra kA hI ullekha milatA hai / 14 vIrabhadra ke kAla ke sambandha meM aneka pravAda pracalita haiM jinakI carcA hamane gacchAcAra prakIrNaka kI bhUmikA meM kI hai / " hamArI dRSTi meM vIrabhadra IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke AcArya haiN| isa prakAra niSkarSa rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki IsvI pUrva caturtha zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga pandraha sau varSoM kI sudIrgha avadhi meM prakIrNaka sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki adhikAMza mahattvapUrNa prakIrNaka grantha IsA kI pA~cavIM chaThI zatAbdI taka likhe jA cuke the| ve sabhI prakIrNaka jo nandIsUtra meM ullikhita haiM, vastutaH prAcIna haiM aura unameM jainoM ke sampradAyagata vibheda kI koI sUcanA nahIM hai| mAtra titthogAlI, sArAvalI Adi kucha paravartI prakIrNakoM meM prakArAntara se jainoM ke sAmpradAyika
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________________ Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla 155 matabhedoM kI kiJcit sUcanA milatI hai| prAcIna stara ke ina prakIrNakoM meM se adhikAMza mUlataH AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura vizeSa rUpa se samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ke viSaya meM prakAza DAlate haiN| ye grantha nivRttimUlaka jIvanadRSTi ke prastotA haiN| yaha hamArA durbhAgya hai ki jaina paramparA ke kucha sampradAyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se digambara, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparAoM meM inakI Agama rUpa meM mAnyatA nahIM hai, kintu yadi niSpakSa bhAva se ina prakIrNakoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to inameM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jo ina paramparAoM kI mAnyatA ke virodha meM jAtA ho| Agama saMsthAna, udayapura dvArA ina prakIrNakoM kA hindI meM anuvAda karake jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA jA rahA hai, AzA hai, usake mAdhyama se ye grantha ina paramparAoM meM bhI pahu~ceMge aura unameM inake adhyayana aura paThana-pAThana kI ruci vikasita hogii| vastutaH prakIrNaka sAhitya kI upekSA prAkRta sAhitya ke eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa kI upekSA hai| isa dizA meM Agama saMsthAna, udayapura ne sAmpradAyika AgrahoM se Upara uThakara inake anuvAda ko prakAzita karane kI yojanA ko apane hAtha meM liyA aura inakA prakAzana karake apanI udAravRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| prakIrNaka sAhitya ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke uddezya ko lekara inake dvArA prakAzita 'prakIrNaka sAhitya : adhyayana evaM samIkSA' nAmaka pustaka prakIrNakoM ke viSaya meM vistRta jAnakArI detI hai| AzA hai sudhIjana inake ina prayatnoM ko protsAhita kareMge, jisake mAdhyama se prAkRta sAhitya kI yaha amUlya nidhi jana-jana taka pahu~cakara unake Atma-kalyANa meM sahAyaka bnegii| sandarbha 1. 'aMgabAhiracoddasapaiNNayajjhAyA-dhavalA, pustaka 13, khaNDa 5, bhAga 5, sUtra 48, pR0 267, uddhRta - jainendra siddhAnta koza, pR0 70. 2. vahI, pR0 70. 3. nandIsUtra, sampA0 muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, varSa 1982, sUtra 81. 4. uddhRta - paiNNayasuttAI, sampA0 muni puNyavijaya, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, prathama saMskaraNa 1984, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 21. 5. vahI, prastAvanA, pR0 20-21. 6. (ka) sthAnAGgasUtra, sampA0 munimadhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, varSa 1981, sthAna 10, sUtra 116. ( kha ) samavAyAGgasUtra, sampA0 muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, varSa 1982, samavAya 44, sUtra 258.
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________________ 156 Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva evaM racanAkAla 7. deviMdatthao ( devendrastava ), Agama ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1988, bhUmikA, pR0 18-22 8. Sambodhi, Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, Vol. xVIII, Year 1992-93, pp. 74-76. 9. ArAdhanApatAkA ( AcArya vIrabhadra ), gAthA 987. 10. dazavaikAlika cUrNi, pR0 3, paM0 12 - uddhRta paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 19. 11. ( ka ) devendrastava prakIrNaka, gAthA 310. ( kha ) jyotiSkaraNDaka prakIrNaka, gAthA 403-405. 12. deviMdatthao, bhUmikA, pR0 18-22. 13. piMDaniyukti, gAthA 498. 14. ( ka ) kusalANubaMdhi adhyayana prakIrNaka, gAthA 63. (kha ) bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka, gAthA 172. 15. gacchAyAra paiNNayaM ( gacchAcAra-prakIrNaka), Agama ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura, saMskaraNa 1994, bhUmikA, pR0 20-21.