Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Agama-sAhitya meM prakIrNako kA sthAna, mahatta], racanAkAla evaM racayitA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Agama: --vibhAjana meM aMg, upara cheda evaM mUlasUtra ko prasiddha hA haiM. 'kantu inake atirikA zvetAmbara, manipRjaka paramparA meM prakIrgakoM ko bhI Agama- zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| prakIrNakoM meM se nau kA ullerata nandostra meM kAlika... utkAlika satra-vibhAjana meM kiyA gayA hai| vetAmbara mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM 45 Agama-mAnyatA ke anAgA 10 prakIrgaka rasUtra ko gaNanA kI jAna hai, kintu prAcIna evaM arvAcIna prakIrNakoM kI kula saMkhyA 30 ke AsapAsa ho gaI hai| jaina darzana ke mUrdhanya manISI vidvAn hAra sAgaramala jI jaina ne prastuta lekha meM kaI prakIrNake ko prAcIna evaM sampradAya gata AgrahoM se nukta batAte hue inake adhyayana ko upayogitA para ba diyA hai| prakIrNako ke racanAkAla, racayitA evaM mahatva para saMzipta kintu mahatvapUNa jAnakArI isa Alekha meM samAviSTa hai| -sampAdaka kisI bhI dhArmika paramparA kA AdhAra usake dharmagrantha hote haiM, jinheM vaha pramANabhUta mAnakara calatI hai| jisa prakAra musalamAnoM ke liye kurAna, IsAiyoM ke liye bAibila, bauddhoM ke liye tripiTaka aura hinduoM ke liye veda pramANUbhUna grantha haiM, usI prakAra jainoM ke liye Agama pramANabhUta grantha hai| sarvaprathama tattvArthasUtra, nandIsUtra aura pAkSikasUtra meM AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| paramparAgata avadhAraNA yaha hai ki tIrthakaroM dvArA upadiSTa aura gaNadharoM dvArA racita grantha aMgapraviSTa Agama kahe jAte haiN| inakI saMkhyA bAraha hai. jo zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM parAparAoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai| ina aMga AgamoM ke nAma haiM-- 1. AcArAMga, 2. sUtrakRtAMga 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti 6. jJAtAdharmakathAMga 7. upAsakadazAMga 8. antakRddazAMga 9. anuttarapapAtikadazA 10. praznavyAkaraNadazA 11. vipAkadazA aura 12. dRssttivaad| inake nAna aura krama ke saMbaMdha meM bhI donoM paramparAoM meM ekarUpatA hai| mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki jahAM zvetAmbara paramparA Aja bhI dRSTibATa ke atirikta zeSa gyAraha aMgoM kA astitva svIkAra karatI hai, vahAM digambara paramparA Aja mAtra dRSTivAda ke AdhAra para nirmita kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama Adi ke atirikta ina aMga-AgamoM ko vilupta mAnatI hai| aMgbAhya grantha ve haiM jo jinavacana ke AdhAra para szaviroM ke dvArA likhe gaye haiN| nandIsUtra meM aMgabAhya AgamoM ko bhI prathamata: do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai- 1. avazyaka 2. Avazyaka vyatirikta / avazyaka ke antargata sAmAyika, bArvizatistava, vaMdanaH . pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna. ye cha: grantha sammilita rUpa se Ate haiM, jinheM Aja AvazyakasUtra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isI grantha meM Avazyaka
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ [452 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka vyatirikta Agama granthoM ko bhI puna: do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai --- 1. kAlika aura 2. utkaalik| Aja prakIrgakoM meM vargIkRta nau grantha inhIM do bhAgoM ke antargata ullikhita haiN| isameM kAlika ke antargata RSibhASita aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti, ina do prakIrNakoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jabaki utkAlika ke antargata devendrastava, tandulavaicArika, candravedhyaka, gaNividyA, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura maraNavibhakti ina sAta pratIkoM kA ullekha hai| prAcIna AgamoM meM aisA kahIM bhI sATa ullekha nahIM hai ki amuka-amuka grantha prakIrNaka ke antargata Ate haiN| nandIsUtra aura pAkSika sUtra donoM meM hI AgamoM ke vibhinna vargoM meM kahIM bhI prakIrNaka varga kA ullekha nahIM hai| yadyapi ina donoM granthoM meM Aja hama jinheM prakIrNaka mAna rahe haiM, unameM se aneka kA ullekha kAlika evaM utkAlika AgamoM ke antargata huA hai| yahAM yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki AgamoM kA aMga, upAMga, cheTa, mUla, cUlikA aura prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM ullekha sarvaprathama AcArya jinaprabha ke vidhimArgaprapA (lagabhaga IsA kI terahavIM zatI) meM milatA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki terahavIM zatI se pUrva AgamoM ke vargIkaraNa meM kahIM bhI prakIrNaka varga kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai, kintu isase yaha niSkarSa nahIM nikAla lenA cAhiye ki usake pUrva na to prakIrNaka sAhitya thA aura na hI unakA koI ullekha thaa| aMga AgamoM meM sarvaprathama samavAyAMga sUtra meM prakIrNaka zabda kA ullekha huA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke caurAsI hajAra ziSyoM dvArA racita caurAsI hajAra prakIrNaka the| paramparAgana avadhAraNa yaha hai ki jisa tIrthakara ke jitane ziSya hote haiM, usake zAsana meM utane hI prakIrNaka granthoM kI racanA hotI hai| sAmAnyatayA prakIrNaka zabda kA tAtparya hotA hai- vividha grnth| mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki prArambha meM AgamoM ke atirikta sabhI grantha prakIrNaka kI koTi meM mAne jAte the| aMga-AgamoM se itara Avazyaka, Avazyaka vyatirikta, kAlika evaM utkAlika ke rUpa meM vargIkRta sabhI grantha prakIrNaka kahalAte the| mere isa kathana kA pramANa yaha hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA meM bAraha aMga-AgamoM se bhinna aMgabAhA granthoM ko prakIrNaka kA nAma diyA gayA hai| usameM uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika. RSibhASita Adi ko bhI prakIrNaka hI kahA gayA hai| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita athavA prakIrNaka varga meM samAhita sabhI granthoM ke nAma ke anta meM prakIrNaka zabda nahIM milatA hai| mAtra kucha hI grantha aise haiM jinake nAma ke anta meM prakIrNaka zabda kA ullekha huA hai| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki prakoNaMkoM kA astitva ati prAcIna kAla meM bhI rahA hai, cAhe
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Agama- sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva, racanAkAla evaM racayitA 453 unheM prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA ho athavA na kiyA gayA ho / nandI sUtrakAra ne aMga-AgamoM ko chor3akara Agama rUpa meM mAnya sabhI granthoM ko prakIrNaka kahA hai| ataH prakIrNaka zabda Aja jitane saMkucita artha meM hai utanA pUrva meM nahIM thaa| umAsvAti aura devavAcaka ke samaya meM to aMga-AgamoM ke atirikta zeSa AgamoM ko prakIrNaka meM hI samAhita kiyA jAtA thA / isase jaina Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNaka kA kyA sthAna hai, yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| prAcIna dRSTi se to aMga- AgamoM ke atirikta sampUrNa jaina Agamika sAhitya prakIrNaka varga ke antargata AtA hai| vartamAna meM prakIrNaka varga ke antargata dasa grantha mAnane kI jo paramparA hai, vaha na kevala arvAcIna hai, apitu isa saMdarbha meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM paraspara matabheda bhI haiM ki ina dasa prakIrNakoM meM kauna se grantha samAhita kiye jaae| pradyumnasUra ne vicArasAraprakaraNa (caudahavIM zatAbdI) meM paitAlIsa AgamoM kA ullekha karate hue kucha prakIrNakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| Agama prabhAkara munipuNyavijayajI ne cAra alaga-alaga saMdarbhoM meM prakIrNakoM kI alaga-alaga sUciyAM prastuta kI haiN|" ataH dasa prakIrNakoM ke antargata kina - kina granthoM ko samAhita karanA cAhiye, isa saMdarbha meM zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM kahIM bhI ekarUpatA dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki prakIrNaka granthoM kI saMkhyA dasa hai, yaha mAnyatA na kevala paravartI hai apitu usameM ekarUpatA kA abhAva hai| bhinna-bhinna zvetAmbara AcArya bhinna-bhinna sUciyAM prastuta karate rahe haiN| unameM kucha nAmoM meM to ekarUpatA hotI hai, kintu sabhI nAmoM meM ekarUpatA kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| jahAM taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai usameM tattvArthabhASya kA anusaraNa karate hue aMga- AgamoM ke atirikta anya granthoM ko prakIrNaka kahane kI hI paramparA rahI hai| ataH prakIrNakoM kI saMkhyA amuka hI hai, yaha kahane kA koI prAmANika AdhAra nahIM hai| vastutaH aMga-Agama sAhitya ke atirikta sampUrNa aMgabAhya Agama sAhitya prakIrNaka ke antargata Ate haiN| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya jaina Agama sAhitya ke ati vizAla bhAga kA paricAyaka hai aura unakI saMkhyA ko dasa taka sImita karane kA dRSTikoNa paryApta rUpa se paravartI aura vivAdAspada hai| prakIrNaka sAhitya kA mahattva yadyapi vartamAna meM zvetAmbara jainoM ke sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI sampradAya prakIrNakoM ko AgamoM ke antargata mAnya nahIM karate haiM, kintu prakIrNakoM kI viSayavastu kA adhyayana karane se aisA lagatA hai ki aneka prakIrNaka aMga AgamoM kI apekSA bhI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiN| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki AcArya vIrabhadra dvArA IsA kI dasavIM zatI meM racita
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 454 jinavANI - jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka kucha prakIrNaka arvAcIna haiM, kintu isase sampUrNa prakIrNakoM kI arvAcInatA siddha nahIM hotI / viSaya vastu kI dRSTi se prakIrNaka sAhitya meM jaina vidyA ke vividha pakSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jahAM taka devendrastava aura dvIpasAgaraprajJapti prakIrNaka kA prazna hai, ve mukhyata: jaina khagola aura bhUgola kI carcA karate haiN| isI prakAra titthogAlI prakIrNaka meM bhI jaina kAla vyavasthA kA citraNa vibhinna bhaugolika kSetroM ke saMdarbha meM huA hai jyotiSkaraNDaka aura gaNividyA prakIrNaka kA saMbaMdha mukhyatayA jaina jyotiSa se hai / titthogAlI prakIrNaka mukhyarUpa se prAcIna jaina itihAsa ko prastuta karatA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM titthogAlI hI ekamAtra aisA prakIrNaka hai| jisameM AgamajJAna ke kramika uccheda kI bAta kahI gaI hai| sArAvalI prakIrNaka meM mukhya rUpase zatruMjaya mahAtIrtha kI kathA aura mahattva ullikhita hai / duvaicArika prakIrNaka jaina jIvavijJAna kA sundara aura saMkSipta paricaya prastuta karatA hai| isI prakAra aMgavidyA nAmaka prakIrNaka mAnava zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMgoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha unake zubhAzubha lakSaNoM kA bha citraNa karatA hai aura unake AdhAra para phalAdeza bhI prastuta karatA hai| isa prakAra isa grantha kA saMbaMdha zarIra racanA evaM phalita jyotiSa donoM viSayoM se hai / gacchAcAra prakIrNaka meM jaina saMgha vyavasthA kA citraNa upalabdha hotA hai| jabaki candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM guru-ziSya ke saMbaMdha evaM zikSA - saMbaMdhoM ka nirdeza hai| vIrastava prakIrNaka meM mahAvIra ke vividha vizeSaNoM ke artha ka vyutpattiparaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| catuH zaraNa prakIrNaka meM mukhya rUpa se caturvidha saMgha ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue jaina sAdhanA kA paricaya diyA gaya I AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, maraNasamAdhi, saMstAraka ArAdhanApatAkA, ArAdhanAprakaraNa, bhaktapratyAkhyAna Adi prakIrNaka jaina sAdhanA ke antima caraNa samAdhimaraNa kI pUrva taiyArI aura usakI sAdhanA kI vizeSa vidhiyoM kA citraNa prastuta karate isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya meM jaina vidyA ke vividha pakSoM kA samAveza huA hai, jo jaina sAhitya ke kSetra meM unake mUlya aura mahattva ko spaSTa kara detA hai| prakIrNaka sAhitya kA racanAkAla jahAM taka prakIrNakoM kI prAcInatA kA prazna haiM unameM se aneka prakIrNakoM kA ullekha nandIsUtra meM hone se ve usase prAcIna siddha ho jAte haiM mAtra yahI nahIM, prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita granthoM meM se aneka taM aMga- Agama kI apekSA prAcIna stara ke rahe haiM, kyoMki RSibhASita ka sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga meM ullekha hai / " RSibhASita Adi kucha aise prakIrNaka haiM jo bhASA - zailI, viSaya vastu Adi aneka AdhAroM para AcArAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ko chor3akara zeSa AgamoM kI apekSA bhI prAcIna hai
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Agama sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna,mahatva,racanAkAla evaM racayitA ... 455 RSibhASita usa kAla kA grantha hai, jaba jainadharma sImita sImAoM meM Abaddha nahIM huA thA varan usameM anya paramparAoM ke zramaNoM ko bhI AdarapUrvaka sthAna prApta thaa| isa grantha kI racanA usa yuga meM saMbhava nahIM thI, jaba jainadharma bhI sampradAya ke zudra ghere meM Abaddha ho gyaa| lagabhaga I.pU. tIsarI zatAbdI se jainadharma meM jo sAmpradAyika abhiniveza dRr3ha ho rahe the, usake saMketa sUtrakRtAMga aura bhagavatIsUtra jaise prAcIna AgamoM meM mila rahe haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM jisa nakhaliputra gozAlaka kI kaTa AlocanA hai, use RSibhASita arhat RSi kahatA hai| AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, taMdulavaicArika, maraNavibhakti Adi prakIrNaka sAhitya ke aise grantha hai-- jo sampradAyagata AgrahoM se mukta hai| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM RSibhASita ke aneka RSiyoM kA sammAnapUrvaka ullekha aura unheM arhat paramparA dvArA sammata mAnA jAnA bhI yahI sUcita karatA hai ki RSibhASita jaise kucha prAcIna prakoNakoM kI bhASA kA ardhamAgadhI svarUpa tathA AgamoM ko apekSA unakI bhASA meM mahArASTrI bhASA kI alpatA bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki ye grantha prAcIna stara ke haiN| nandIsUtra meM prakIrNaka ke nAma se abhihita nau granthoM kA ullekha bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki kama se kama ye nau prakIrNaka to nandIsUtra se pUrvavartI haiN| nandIsUtra kA kAla vidvAnoM ne vikrama kI pAMcavI zatI mAnA hai, ata: ye prakIrNaka usase pUrva ke haiN| isI prakAra samavAyAMga sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se prakIrNakoM kA nirdeza bhI yahI siddha karatA hai ki samavAyAMgasUtra ke racanAkAla arthAt vikrama kI tIsarI zatI meM bhI aneka prakIrNakoM kA astitva thaa| ina prakIrNakoM meM devendrastava ke racanAkAra RSipAlita hai| kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM RSipAlita kA ullekha hai| inakA kAla IsA pUrva prathama zatI ke lagabhaga hai| isakI vistRtacarcA hamane devendrastava kI prastAvanA meM kI hai| abhI-abhI saMbodhi patrikA meM zrI lalita kumAra kA eka zodha lekha prakAzita huA hai, jisameM unhoneM purAtAtvika AdhAroM para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki devendrastava kI racanA I.pU. prathama zatI meM yA usake bhI kucha pUrva huI hogii| prakIrNakoM meM nimnalikhita prakIrNaka vIrabhadra kI racanA kahe jAte haiMcausaraNa, AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNa aura aaraadhnaaptaakaa| ArAdhanApatAkA kI prazasti meM vikkamanivakAlAo aTTuttarima-samAsahassammi' yA pAThabheda se aluttarottarasamAsahassammi' ke ullekha ke anusAra inakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1008 yA 1079 siddha hotA hai| isa prakAra prakIrNaka nAma se abhihita granthoM meM jahAM RSibhASita I.pU. pAMcavI zatI kI racanA hai, vahIM ArAdhanApatAkA I san kI dasavIM yA gyArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha kI racanA hai| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya meM samAhita grantha lagabhaga pandraha sau vArTI kI sUdIrgha avadhi meM nirmita hote rahe haiM, phira bhI causaraNa, paravartI
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 1456 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGakA AurapaccakkhANa, bhattapariNApA, saMthAraga aura ArAGgApaDAyA ko chor3akara zeSa prakIrNaka I. san kI pAMcavI zatI ke pUrva kI racanAe~ haiN| jJAtavya hai ki mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita 'paiNNayasuttAi' meM ArapaccakkhANa paravartI hai. kintu nandIsUtra meM ullikhata ArapaccakkhANa to prAcIna hI hai| yahAM para yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prakIrNakoM kI aneka gAthAe~ zvetAmbara mAnya aMga--AgamoM evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra, dazavaikAlikasUtra jaise prAcIna stara ke Agama granthoM meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai| gadya aMga AgamoM, meM padyarUpa meM ina gAthAoM kI upasthiti bhI yahI siddha karatI hai ki unameM ye gAthAe~ prakIrNakoM se avaMtarita hai| yaha kArya valabhIvAcanA ke pUrva huA hai, ata: phalita hotA hai ki nandIsUtra meM ullikhata prakIrNaka valabhIvAcanA ke pUrva racita hai| taMdulavaicArika 'kA ullekha dazavaikAlika kI prAcIna agastyasiMha cUrNi meM hai| isase usakI prAcInatA siddha ho jAtI hai| yahacUrNi anya cUrNiyoM kI apekSA prAcIna mAnI gayI hai| digambara paramparA meM mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura kundakunda ke granthoM meM prakIrNakoM kI saikar3oM gAthAeM apane zaurasenI rUpAntaraNa meM milatI hai| mUlAcAra ke saMkSipta pratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna ina donoM prakIrNakoM kI lagabhaga sattara se adhika gAthAe~ haiN| isI prakAra maraNavibhakti prakIrNaka ko lagabhaga zatAdhika gAthAe~ bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM milatI hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki ye prakIrNaka grantha mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke pUrva ke haiN| mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke racanAkAla ko lekara cAhe kitanA bhI matabheda ho, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki ye grantha IsA kI chaThI zatI se paravartI nahIM hai| yadyapi yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki prakIrNaka meM ye gAthAeM ina yApanIya/acela paramparA ke granthoM se lI gayI hoMgI, kintu aneka pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha dAvA nirasta ho jAtA hai| jinameM se kucha pramANa isa prakAra 1. guNasthAna siddhAnta umAsvAti ke tattvArtha sUtra aura AcArAMga niyukti kI racanA ke pazcAt lagabhaga pAMcavI chaThI zatI meM astitva meM AyA hai| cUMki mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAAdhanA donoM granthoM meM guNasthAna kA ullekha milatA hai, ata: ye grantha pAMcavI zatI ke bAda kI racanAe~ hai jabaki AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna aura maraNasamAdhi kA ullekha nandIsUtra meM hone se ye grantha pAMcavI zatI ke pUrva kI racanAeM hai|, 2. mUlAcAra meM saMkSiptapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka adhyayana banAkara unameM AturapratyAkhyAna aura mahApratyAkhyAna nAmaka donoM granthoM ko samAhita kiyA gayA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki ye grantha
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Agama- sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna, mahattva, racanAkAla evaM racayitA 457 pUrvavartI hai aura mUlAcAra paravartI hai| 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhI maraNavibhakti kI aneka gAthAe samAna rUpa se milatI hai| varNya viSaya kI samAnatA hote hue bhI bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jo vistAra hai, vaha maraNavibhakti meM nahIM hai| prAcIna stara ke grantha mAtra zrutaparamparA se kaNThastha kiye jAte the, ataH ve AkAra mekaM saMkSipta hote the tAki unheM sugamatA se yAda rakhA jA sake, jabaki lekhana paramparA ke vikasita hone ke pazcAt vizAlakAya grantha nirmita hone lage / mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA donoM vizAla grantha hai, ataH ve prakIrNakoM se apekSAkRta paravartI hai| vastutaH prakIrNaka sAhitya ke ve sabhI granatha jo nandIsUtra aura pAkSika sUtra meM ullikhita haiM aura vartamAna meM upalabdha haiM, nizcita hI IsA kI pAMcavI zatI pUrva ke haiN| prakIrNakoM meM jyotiSakaraNDaka nAmaka prakIrNaka kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM zramaNa gandhahastI aura pratihastI kA ullekha milatA hai| isameM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jisa viSaya kA sUryaprajJati meM vistAra se vivecana hai, usI ko saMkSepa meM yahAM diyA gayA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki yaha prakIrNaka sUryaprajJapti ke Adhara para nirmita kiyA gayA hai| isameMkartA ke rUpa meM pAdaliptAcArya kA bhI yaha spaSTaullekha huA hai / pAdaliptAcArya kA ullekha niryukti sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai (lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatI) isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki jyotiSkaraNDaka kA racanAkAla bhI I. san kI prathama zatI hai / aMgabAhya AgamoM meM sUryaprajJapti, jisake AdhAra para isa grantha kI racanA huI, eka prAcIna grantha hai kyoMki isameM jo jyotiSa saMbaMdhI vitaraNa haiM, vaha IsvI pUrva ke haiM, usake AdhAra para bhI isakI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai / sAtha hI isakI bhASA meM ardhamAgadhI rUpoM kI pracuratA bhI ise prAcIna grantha siddha karatI hai / ataH prakIrNakoM ke racanAkAla kI pUrva sImA I. pU. caturtha - tRtIya zatI se prArambha hotI hai| paravartI kucha prakIrNaka jaise kuzalAnubaMdhi adhyayana, catuHzaraNa, bhaktaparijJA Adi vIrabhadra kI racanA mAne jato haiM, ve nizcita hI IsA kI dazavI zatI kI racanAeM haiN| isa prakAra prakIrNaka sAhitya kA racanAkAla I. pU. caturtha zatI se prArambha hokara IsA kI dasavI zatI taka arthAt lagabhaga pandraha sau varSo kI sudIrgha avadhi taka vyApta hai| prakIrNaka ke racayitA prakIrNaka sAhitya ke racanAkAla ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate hue hamane yaha pAyA ki adhikAMza prakIrNaka granthoM ke racayitA ke saMdarbha meM kahI koI ullekha nahIM hai| prAcIna stara ke prakIrNakoM meM RSibhASita, candravedhyaka, AturapratyAkhyAna, mahApratyAkhyAna, maraNasabhAdhi, gaNivadyA, devendrastava aura jyotiSkaraNDaka do hI prAcIna prakIrNaka aise haiM, jinakI antima gAthAoM meM
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 458 jinavANI- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGka spaSTa rUpa se lekhaka ke nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai|" devendrastava ke kartA ke rUpa meM RSipAlita aura jyotiSkaraNDaka ke kartA ke rUpa meM pATaliptAcArya ke nAmoM kA ulalekha kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM mahAvIra kI paTTaparamparA meM terahaveM sthAna para AtA hai aura isa AdhAra para ve I.pU. prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga ke siddha hote haiM / kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM inake dvArA koTikagaNa kI RSipAlita zAkhA prArambha huI, aisAbhI ullekha hai| isa saMdarbha meM aura vistAra se caccA hamane devendrastava prakIrNaka kI bhUmikA meM kI hai| devendrastava ke kartA RSipAlita kA samaya lagabhaga I.pU. prathama zatAbdI hai / isa tathya kI puSTi zrI lalita kumAra ne apane eka zodha lekha meM kI hai, jisakA nirdeza bhI hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiM jyotiSakaraNDaka ke kartA pAdaliptAcArya kA ullekha hameM niryukta sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai / " AryarakSita ke samakAlika hone se ve lagIga IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke hI siddha hote haiN| unake vyaktitva ke saMdarbha meM bhI cUrNi sAhitya aura paravartI prabandhoM meM vistAra se ullekha milatA hai| : kusalANubaMdhi adhyayana aura bhakta parijJA ke karttA ke rUpa meM bhI AcArya vIrabhadra kA hI ullekha milatA hai| vIrabhadra ke kAla ke saMbaMdha meM aneka pravAda pracalita haiM jinakI carcA hamane gacchAcAra prakIrNaka kI bhUmikA meM kI hai|" hamArI dRSTi meM vIrabhadra IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura gyArahavI zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke AcArya hai| isa prakAra niSkarSa rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate hai ki IsvI pUrva caturtha zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI dasavI zatAbdI taka lagabhaga pandraha sau varSoM kI sudIrgha avadhi meM prakIrNaka sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki adhikAMza mahattvapUrNa grantha IsA kI pAMcavI chaThI zatAbdI taka likhe jA cuke the| ve sabhI prakIrNaka jo nandIsUtra meM ullikhata haiM. vastuta: prAcIna haiM aura unameM jainoM ke sampradAyagata vibheda kI koI sUcanA nahIM hai| mAtra titthogAlI, sArAvalI Adi kucha paravartI prakIrNakoM meM prakArAntara se jainoM ke sAmpradAyika matabhedoM kI kiMcita sUcanA milatI hai| prAcIna stara ke ina prakIrNakoM meM se adhikAMza mUlataH AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura vizeSa rUpa se samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ke viSaya meM prakAza DAlate haiN| ye grantha nivRttimUlaka jIvanadRSTi ke prastotA haiN| yaha hamArA durbhAgya hai ki jaina paramparA ke kucha sampradAyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se digambara, sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI paramparAoM meM inakI Agama rUpa mAnyatA nahIM hai, kintu yadi niSpakSa bhAva se ina prakIrNakoM kA adhyayana kiyA jAya to inameM aisA kuchabhI nahIMhai jo ina paramparAoM kI mAnyatA ke virodha meM jAtA ho / Agama saMsthAna, udayapura dvArA ina prakIrNakoM kA hindI meM anuvAda karake jo mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA jA rahA
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Agama-sAhitya meM prakIrNakoM kA sthAna,mahatva racanAkAla evaM racayitA 459 hai, AzA hai usake mAdhyama se ye granza una paramparAoM meM bhI pahuMcege aura unameM inake adhyayana aura paThana- pAThana kI ruci vikasita hogii| vastutaH prakIrNaka sAhitya kI upekSA prAkRta sAhitya ke eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa kI upekSA hai| isa dizA meM Agama saMsthAna, udayapura ne sAmpradAyika AgrahoM se Upara uThakara inake anuvAda ko prakAzita karane kI yojanA ko apane hAtha meM liyA aura inakA prakAzana karake apanI udAravRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| prakIrNaka sAhitya ke samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke uddezya ko lekara inake dvArA prakAzita 'prakIrNaka sAhitya : adhyayana evaM samIkSA' nAmaka pustaka prakIrNakoM ke viSaya meM vistRta jAnakArI detI hai| AzA hai sudhIjana saMsthA ke ina prayatnoM ko protsAhita kareMge, jisake mAdhyama se prAkRta sAhitya kI yaha amUlya nidhi jana-jana taka pahuMcakara unake AtmakalyANa meM sahAyaka saMdarbha 1. 'aMgabAhiranoisapaipNayajjhAyA'-dhavalA, pustaka 13, khaNDa 5. bhAga5, mUtra 48, pR. 267. uddhRta- jainendra siddhAnta kozaH, pR. 70 / 2. vahI, pR. 78 3. nandIsUtra , sampAdaka muni madhukara, agAma prakAza samiti byAvara 1982, sUra 81 4. uddhRta-paigNayasutAI, sampAdaka muni puNyavijaya, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 1984, bhAga1, prastAvanA. pu. 21 5. vahI, prastAvanA pR. 20-21 / 6. (ka) sthAnAMga sUtra, sampATaka madhukaramuni, Agama prakAza samiti, lyAvara, 1981 , sthAna 10, sUtra 116 (kha) samavAyAMga sUtra, sampAdaka muni madhukara, Agama prakAzana samiti, lyAvara, 1982, emavAya 44, sUtra 258 / 7. devidatthao (devendrastava), Agama, ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkata sasthAna, udayapura 1988, bhUmikA pR. 18-22 8. Sambodhi, L..D.Institute of Indology. Ahmedabad, Vol. XVIII, Year 1992-93.pn.74-76 5. ArAdhanAyatAkA (AcArya vIrabhadra) gAthA 987 10. dazavekAlika cUrNipR.3, 12-uddhRta paiNNayasuttAI, bhAga 1, prastAvanA pR. 11 // 1.1 (ka) devendrastava prakIrNaka, gathA 310 (da) jyotiSakaraNDaka prakIrNaka, gAthA 403-406 / 12. deviMdatyao, bhUmikA, pR. 18-22 13.NDiniyukti, gAthA 41 8. 14. (ka) kusalaNubaMdhi adhyayana prakIrNaka, gAthA 63 // (kha) bhaktaH parijJA prakIrNaka, gAthA 172 15. gacchayAra paiNppayaM (gacchAvara praphaNaka), Agama ahiMsA samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna , udayapura, 1994. bhUnika. pu. 20-21 / -sAgara TenTa hAusa, naI saDaka, zAjApura (ma.pra.)