Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 31 F Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM karma evaM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA jaina darzana meM karma kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / karma ananta paramANuoM ke skandha haiM / ve samUce loka meM jIvAtmA kI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM ke dvArA usake sAtha baMdha jAte haiM / yaha unakI baMdhyamAna avasthA hai / baMdhane ke bAda unakA paripAka hotA hai / yaha sat (sattA) avasthA hai / paripAka ke bAda unase sukha-duHkha evaM karmAnusAra acchA-burA phala milatA hai / yaha karmoM kI udayamAna (udaya) avasthA hai / D DaoN0 devadatta zarmA jaina darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra jIva karma karane meM svataMtra hai kintu karmaphala bhogane meM parataMtra hai / arthAt phala dene kI sattA karma apane pAsa surakSita rakhatA hai / isa prakAra jIva jo bhI zubhAzubha karma karatA hai usake phala ko bhoganA Avazyaka hai / Jain Educationa International pudgala dravya kI aneka jAtiyA~ haiM jinheM jaina darzana meM vargaNAe~ kahate haiM / unameM eka kArmaraNa vargaNA bhI hai aura vahI karma dravya hai / karma dravya sampUrNa loka meM 'sUkSma raja ke rUpa meM vyApta hai / vahI karma dravya yoga ke dvArA AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha baddha ho jAte haiM aura karma kahalAne lagate haiM / ye jIva ke adhyavasAyoM aura manovikAroM kI taratamatA ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke ho jAte haiM | parantu svabhAva ke AdhAra para karma ke ATha vibhAga kiye jA sakate haiM jo isa prakAra haiM - 1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. AyuSya, 6. nAma, 7. gotra tathA 8. antarAya / 1 jo karma-pudgala hamAre jJAna tantunoM ko supta aura cetanA ko mUcchita banA dete haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahalAte haiM / ye pA~ca prakAra ke haiM-- matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa, manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa tathA kevalajJAnAvaraNa / jo karma zrAtmA ke darzana guNa kA bAdhaka ho vaha darzanAvaraNa kahalAtA hai / yaha nau prakAra kA hotA hai / sukha-duHkhAnubhUti vedanIya karma ke dvArA hotI hai / samyak darzana kA prAdurbhAva na hone denA yA usameM vikRti utpanna karanA mohanIya karma kA kAma hai / isake aTThAIsa bheda haiM / Ayu karma jIva ko manuSya, tiryaJca, deva aura nArakI ke zarIra meM niyata avadhi taka kaida rakhatA hai / prANI For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 230 ] [ karma siddhAnta saSTi meM jo Azcaryajanaka vaicitrya parilakSita hotA hai, vaha nAma karma ke kAraNa hai tathA jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva pratiSThita athavA apratiSThita kula meM janma letA hai, vaha gautrakarma hai / abhISTa kI prApti meM vyavadhAna DAlane vAlA antarAya karma hai| jaina darzana meM karmoM kI dasa mukhya avasthAeM yA karmoM meM hone vAlI dasa mukhya kriyAe~ batalAI gaI haiM jinheM 'karaNa' kahate haiN| ye dasa avasthAe~ haiMbandha, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, sattA, udaya, udIraNA, saMkramaNa, upazama, nidhatti aura nikaacnaa| karma pudgaloM kA jIva ke sAtha sambandha hone ko bandha kahate haiN| karma kI yaha prathama avasthA hai / isake binA anya koI avasthA nahIM ho sktii| isake cAra bheda haiM--prakRtibandha, sthitibandha, anubhAgabandha aura pradezabandha / sthiti aura anubhAga ke bar3hane ko utkarSaNa kahate haiM aura sthiti aura anubhAga ke ghaTane ko apakarSaNa kahate haiM / isa utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa ke kAraNa hI koI karma zIghra to koI vilamba se, koI tIvra to koI manda phala pradAna karatA hai / yadi koI jIva bure karmoM kA baMdhya ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI acche karma karatA hai to pUrva meM baMdhe bure karmoM kI phaladAna zakti acche karmoM ke prabhAva se ghaTa jAtI hai| yadi koI jIva bure karmoM kA bandha karake aura bure karma karatA hai to pahale bA~dhe hue bure karmoM kI zakti adhika bar3ha jAtI hai / isI prakAra yadi pahale acche karmoM kA baMdha karake bure karma karatA hai to zubha karmoM kA phala ghaTa jAtA hai| karmoM kA bandhana ho jAne ke turanta bAda hI koI karma apanA phala pradAna nahIM karatA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bandhane ke bAda karma sattA meM rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karmoM ke bandha hone aura unake phalodaya hone ke bIca karma AtmA meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / jaina zAstroM meM isa avasthA ko 'sattA' kahA gayA hai| karma ke phala dene ko udaya kahate haiN| yaha do taraha kA hotA hai-phalodaya aura pradezodaya / jaba karma apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAtA hai to vaha phalodaya hotA hai aura jaba karma binA phala diye hI naSTa ho jAtA hai to use pradezodaya kahate haiN| niyata samaya se pahale karmoM kA vipAka ho jAnA udIraNA kahalAtA hai|' jaise akAla mRtyu Ayukarma kI udIraNA hai / eka karma kA dUsare sajAtIya karmarUpa ho jAne ko saMkramaNa kahate haiM tathA karma ko udaya meM A sakane ke ayogya kara denA upazama hai / karmoM kA saMkramaNa aura udaya na ho sakanA nidhatti hai tathA usameM utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA kA na ho sakanA nikAcanA hai| jo karma AtmA kI jisa zakti ko naSTa karatA hai usake kSaya se vahI Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM karma evaM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ] [ 231 zakti prakaTa hotI hai / yathA - jJAnAvaraNa ke haTane se ananta jJAna zakti prakaTa hotI hai / isa pariprekSya meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyeka kriyA kA koI-na-koI phala avazya hotA hai / yadi kisI prANI ko vartamAna jIvana meM kisI kriyA kA phala prApta nahIM hotA to bhaviSyakAlIna jIvana anivArya hai / karma kA kartA evaM bhoktA nirantara apane pUrva karmoM kA bhoga tathA navIna karmoM kA bandha karatA rahatA hai / karmoM kI isa paramparA ko vaha samyak darzana, samyak jJAna tathA samyak cAritra ke dvArA tor3a bhI sakatA hai / janmajAta vyakti bheda, sukha-du:kha tathA asamAnatA saba karmajanya hai / karma bandha kA kAraNa prANI kI rAgadveSa janya pravRtti hai / ataH karmabandha evaM karmayoga kA adhiSThAtA prAraNI svayaM hai / navIna karmoM ke upArjana kA nirodha tathA pUrvopArjita karmoM kA kSaya karake karmabandha se mukta huA jA sakatA hai / karma pravAha rUpa se anAdi hai / jaba se jIva hai taba se karma haiM / donoM anAdi haiM / paripAka - kAla ke bAda ve jIva se alaga ho jAte haiM / Atma-saMyama se naye karma cipakane banda ho jAte haiM / pichale cipake hue karma tapasyA ke dvArA dhIre-dhIre nirjINa ho jAte haiM / naye karmoM kA bandha nahIM hotA, purAne karma TUTa jAte haiM / taba yaha anAdi pravAha ruka jAtA hai - prAtmA mukta ho jAtI hai / jaba taka AtmA karma-mukta nahIM hotI hai taba taka usakI janma-maraNa kI paramparA nahIM rukatI / jaina darzana kI ina mAnyatAoM ke pariprekSya meM yadi hama Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM para dRSTi nikSepa kareM to hama pAte haiM ki isa karmavAda evaM punarjanma ke siddhAnta se, jo bhAratIya saMskRti kA eka aMga hai, mahAkAvyakAra bhI achUte nahIM rahe / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa aneka mahAkAvyoM meM sthAna-sthAna para huA / udAharaNa ke lie maithilI zaraNa gupta 'jaya bhArata' meM kahate haiM "karmoM ke anusAra jIva jaga meM phala pAtA / " ( pR0 264) tArAcanda hArIta apane mahAkAvya 'damayantI' meM ukta svara ko hI bhAsvaratA pradAna karate hue kahate haiM "nija karmoM ke anusAra jIva phala pAtA / ". ( pR0 256 ) jIva jo bhI zubhAzubha karma karatA hai usake phala ko bhoganA Avazyaka hai / 'parama jyoti mahAvIra' mahAkAvya meM karmavAda ke isI tathya ko nirUpita karatA huA kavi kahatA hai Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 232 ] [ karma siddhAnta. "usako vaisI gati milatI hai, jo karma bAndhatA jaisA hai / hotA hai jaisA bIja vapana, phala bhI to milatA vaisA hai|" (pR0 466) jIva ke zubhAzubha karma hI janma janmAntara taka usake sAtha rahate haiN| isa parisandarbha meM DaoN0 ratnacandra zarmA apane mahAkAvya 'niSAda rAja' meM kahate haiM "pApa puNya donoM ko kahate, munivara janma-janma kA saathii|" (pR0 20) . isa saMdarbha meM 'zivacarita' mahAkAvyakAra niraMjanasiMha yogamaNi kI spaSTokti to aura bhI dhyAtavya hai "janma-janma kA kAraNa karma, zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala deva / hote ye nizcaya hI prApta, brahma zakti se deya sadaiva / / " (pR0 62) puNya karmoM kA phala sukha pradAyaka hotA hai vahA~ pApa karmoM kA phala azubha evaM du kha pradAyaka hotA hai| isa tathya ko paMDita anUpa zarmA apane mahAkAvya 'siddhArtha' meM nirUpita karate hue kahate haiM "manuSya kI jo gati hai zubhAzubha,. vipAka hai so saba pUrva karma kaa|" (pR0 235) trivedI rAmAnanda zAstrI apane mahAkAvya 'mRgadAva' meM ukta abhimata kI hI saMpuSTi karate hue kahate haiM "para aba pachatAne se na hai lAbha koI, saba nija kRtakarmoM ko yahA~ bhogate haiN| ___(pR0 201) mahAkavi poddAra rAmAvatAra 'aruNa' kA to spaSTa abhimata hai ki vartamAna jIvana pUrva janma ke karmoM kA hI pratiphalana hai| ve apane mahAkAvya 'mahAbhAratI' meM kahate haiM "manuja kA vartamAna astitva, pUrva kA pratibimbita pariNAma / " (pR0 111) kisI bhI karma kA phala jIva ko vartamAna jIvana meM nahIM to dUsare janma meM avazya milatA hai / ye phala jIva ko janma-janmAntara taba taka milate rahate haiM jaba taka ki vaha apanI AtmA ko karma bandhanoM se mukta na karale / pUrva-pUrva janmoM meM kiye gaye karmoM ke phaloM ko bhogane ke lie hI barAbara isa saMsAra meM jIva kA AnA hotA hai / jIva apane karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie nirantara janma letA rahatA Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM karma evaM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ] [ 233 hai / isI mAnyatA ko abhivyakti pradAna karate hue nandakizora jhA apane mahAkAvya 'priya milana' meM kahate haiM "kleza-mUla karmAzaya, bandhana meM bandhA jIva / janmatA au maratA, use kabhI na virAma hai|" (pR0 310) jaba taka jIvAtmA karma bandhanoM se mukta nahIM ho jAtI use bAra-bAra janma lenA par3atA hai "jaba taka na karma ho jAte hai, sampUrNatayA nirmala yhaaN| taba taka hotA hai punarjanma, nija karmoM ke anukUla yahA~ / " (parama jyoti mahAvIra, pR0 461) raghuvIra zaraNa 'mitra' punarjanma viSayaka ukta avadhAraNA meM hI AsthA prakaTa karate, hue kahate haiM "jaba taka karmoM ke bandhana haiM, milatA rahatA hai janma nayA / " (vIrAyana, pR0 138) jIva ko jIvana-maraNa se taba taka mukti prApta nahIM ho sakatI jaba taka ki vaha apane karmoM kA kSaya nahIM kara letA "jaba-taka na karma kSaya hote haiM, taba taka hotA avataraNa-maraNa / karmoM ke kSaya hote hI to, kara letI isako mukti varaNa // " (parama jyoti mahAvIra, pR0 478) dinakara ke 'urvazI' mahAkAvya kI nimnAMkita paMkti bhI kavi kI punarjanma meM AsthA kI dyotaka hai"kaba, kisa pUrva janma meM usakA kyA sukha chIna liyA thaa|" (pR0 31) karma evaM punarjanma kI ukta avadhAraNA kA bhAratIya jana-jIvana para itanA vyApaka prabhAva par3A hai ki pratyeka mahAkAvyakAra ne ise kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI ke adhikAMza mahAkAvyoM meM ukta avadhAraNA kA nirUpaNa huA hai / ukta vivecita mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta 'nala nareza' (pR. 232), 'videha' (pR0 66), 'AMjaneya' (pR0 20-22) 'kalpAnta' (pR0 62), 'jAnakI jIvana' (pR0 166-67), virahiNI' (pR0 26), 'mIrA' (pR0 30) tathA 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' (pR0 105) prabhRti mahAkAvyoM meM bhI karma evaM punarjanma ke prati AsthA kI spaSTa jhalaka parilakSita hotI hai|| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ muktaka apane upArjita karma phala ko, jIva pAte haiM sabhI, usake sivAya koI kisI ko, kucha nahIM detA kbhii| aisA samajhanA cAhiye, ekAgramana hokara sdaa| dAtA apara hai bhoga kA, isa buddhi ko khokara sadA / dohA ciTThI lAyo cUna kI, mA~ge ghI nai dAla, dAsa kabIrA yUM kaheM, thArI ciTThI sAmI mAla / kAyasA vayasA matta, vitta giddha ya itthisu / duhamo malaM saMciraNai, sisuraNAguvva maTTiyaM // -uttarAdhyayana 4 / 10 artha-kAyA se, vacana se aura mana se madAndha banA huA tathA dhana aura striyoM meM Asakta banA huA ajJAnI donoM prakAra se (rAga-dveSamayI bAhya aura Abhyantara pravRttiyoM dvArA) karma mala kA saMcaya karatA hai / jaise alasiyA miTTI khAtA hai aura use zarIra para bhI lagAtA hai / jaha miDalevalitta garuyaM tumvaM ahe vayai, evaM pAsava kaya kamma jIvA vaccati prhrgii| taM ceva tavimukkaM jalovari gai jAya lahubhAvaM, jaha taha kamma vimukkA loyagA paiThiyA hoMti // artha-jisa prakAra miTTI se lipta tumbA bhArI hokara nIce calA jAtA hai usI prakAra jIva karmoM ke lepa se lipta ho bhArI bana kara adhogati ko prApta hotA hai / vahI tumbA miTTI ke lepa se mukta hokara laghutA ko prApta hotA huA jala ke UparI sataha para A jAtA hai / jIva bhI isI prakAra karma mukta hone para loka ke agrabhAga para pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| yathA dhenu sahasraSu vatso vindati mAtaram / tathA pUrva kRtaM karma, kartAramanugacchati // artha-jisa prakAra gau vatsa hajAroM gAyoM meM bhI apanI mAtA ko pahicAna letA hai, usI prakAra kartA ke pUrva kRta karma bhI usakA hI anusaraNa karate haiM (anya kA nahIM) arthAt karmoM kA kartA hI usake phala kA bhoktA hai| Jain Educationa International For Personal and Private Use Only