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________________ Adhunika dhArmika ekatA ke pariprekSya meM tulasI sAhitya va mahAvIra vANI meM bhAva-sAmya zrI jagata bhaMDArI dharma mAnava ko mAnava se jor3atA hai tathA eka aise antima lakSya taka pahuMcA detA hai jahAM sabhI matabheda samApta ho jAte haiM tathA sAmpradAyika gherA baMdI chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai, yadi kucha zeSa bacatA hai to vaha hai 'satyaM zivaM sundrm'| jaina dharma kI AdhArazilA darzana ke inhIM gahana vicAroM para AdhArita hai aura isakA darzana tarka kI usa kasauTI se anuprANita hai jisameM anekAntavAda kA saptaraMgI indradhanuSa apanI AbhA se svayaM to kAMtimAn hai hI, samagra darzana jagat ke bhAva-vaividhya ko bhI samatA aura ekatA kA Aloka pradAna karatA hai| aisA kabhI ho nahIM sakatA ki vItarAgI kI vANI pakSapAta pUrNa ho athavA alpakAlika mahattva ko lie hue ho| usake pIche kevala eka hI bhAvanA rahatI hai-mAnava-kalyANa hetu mArga prazasta karanA / dhArmika sadbhAvanA Aja ke yuga kI atyAvazyaka mAMga hai / itihAsa ke kisI yuga meM zAyada aisA rahA thA jaba matabhedoM ko ubhArakara mAnava-mAnava ke bIca kRtrima dIvAreM khar3I kI gaIM parantu Aja bIsavIM sadI ke cintaka eka aise dharma kI kalpanA ko saMjoe hue haiM jisameM sabhI dhArmika vicAroM kA aikya samAhita ho aura sAmpradAyika tanAva ko samApta kiyA jaae| isI uddezya se anuprerita hokara prastuta lekha meM hindU dharma tathA jaina dharma ke dhArmika sadbhAva evaM vaicArika samatA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai jo kramazaH gosvAmI tulasI dAsa tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI para AdhArita hai| hindI sAhitya-saMsAra meM zrIrAma-kAvya rUpI 'kora' ke saMyojaka gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne---- nAnApurANanigamAgamasammataM yad rAmAyaNe nigaditaM kvacidanyatopi, svAntaH sukhAya tulasIraghunAthagAthAbhASA nibaddhamatimaMjUlamAtanoti kaha kara apane kAvya meM veda-zAstra-purANoM, sabhI rAma kAvyoM tathA 'katipaya anya' ke samAveza kI ghoSaNA kara dii| yaha 'kvacidanyatopi' isa saMdarbha meM vizeSa ullekhanIya isalie hai ki jina 'anyoM' se tulasI kA bhAvanAtmaka sAmaMjasya nahIM bhI ho sakA thA unakI bhI vizeSa bhAva-kaliyoM ko unhoMne apanI kAvya-vATikA meM susajjita kara diyaa| isa bhAva se jaba hama tulasI sAhitya kA, vizeSa rUpa se unake granthasamrAT zrI rAmacaritamAnasa kA adhyayana karate haiM to hameM kaI sthaloM para mahAvIra vANI ke darzana hote haiN| vANI kA yaha samAveza kaI sthaloM para to pratyakSa parilakSita hotA hai aura kaI sthaloM para apratyakSa rUpa meN| nizcaya hI isase tulasI kI mAnasika virATatA aura guNa grAhakatA kI puSTi hotI hai| sarva prathama ahiMsA ko hI leN| prAtaH smaraNIya bhArata gaurava AcArya ratna 108 zrI dezabhUSaNa mahArAja ke kathanAnusAra saMsAra ke sabhI dharmoM meM parama va sarva svIkArya ahiMsA hI hai| jaba taka viSaya kaSAya meM mAnava prANoM kA upabhoga lagA rahegA taba taka unako pUrNa ahiMsAtmaka Atma sukha kI prApti kabhI nahIM ho skegii| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ne bhI zrI rAmacaritamAnasa ke uttarakANDa meM rAmarAjyaprasaMga meM ahiMsA ke isI mata kA apane zabdoM meM isa prakAra varNana kiyA hai phUlahi pharahiM sadA tara kAnana / rahahiM eka saMga gaja paMcAnana // khaga mRga sahaja bayarU bisarAI / sabahiM paraspara prIti bar3hAI // kUjahi khaga-mRga nAnA vRndaa| abhaya carahiM bana karahiM anndaa|| tulasI ke vicAra meM pUrNa ahiMsA bhagavAn kI kRpA se hI saMbhava hai| vaha kevala manuSyoM meM hI nahIM apitu pazu-pakSiyoM meM bhI upaja sakatI hai| Age mAnava-dharma kA nirdeza karate hue tulasI dAsa kahate haiM-- parahita sarisa dharma nahiM bhaaii| para pIr3A sama nahiM adhamAI // nara zarIra dhari je para piiraa| karahiM te sahahi mahA bhava bhiiraa|| jainatattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha
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________________ karahiM mohabana nara adha naanaa| svAratha rata paraloka nsaanaa| kAla rUpa tinha kaha maiM bhrAtA / subha aru asubha karma phala daataa|| tulanIya- vasudhammi vi viharaMtA pIDaMNa kareMti kassai kvaaii| jIvesu dayAvaNNA mAyA jaha puttNbhdemu|| mUlAcAra ke isa pada meM sAdhujanoM ke jisa svabhAva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai use hI tulasI ne apane zrIrAmacaritamAnasa meM isa prakAra kahA hai baMdaU santa samAna cita hita anahita nahiM kou| aMjali gata zubha sumana jimi, sama sa gandha kara dou|| mahAvIra vANI meM jahAM santoM ko sabhI para vAtsalya rakhane kI bAta kahakara unheM mAtA kI upamA dI hai vahA~ tulasI ne unheM sugandhita puSpa kahakara sAre vAtAvaraNa ko sugandhita karane vAlA banA diyaa| bAta eka hI hai parantu mAM kA vAtsalya to kevala apane hI putra para hotA hai kintu sugandhita puSpa dvArA pUre samAja ko sugandhita karane kI bAta se nizcaya hI 'sAdhu' kI 'sAdhutA' bhalI bhAMti pratiSThita kara dI gaI hai| jIvavaho appabaho, jIvidayA appaNo dayA hoi|| "bhakta parIkSA" kI isa ukti kI tulasI ne loka bhASA meM kitanI manohArI vyaMjanA kI hai ! - parahita sarisa dharama nahiM bhaaii| para pIr3A sama nahiM adhmaaii|| pahale meM dUsare kA vadha karanA apanA vadha aura dUsare para dayA karanA apane para hI dayA karanA batAyA gayA hai kintu tulasI ne isI bAta ko 'parahita' ke samAna koI dharma nahIM aura 'parapIr3ana' ke samAna koI pApa nahIM kahakara apratyakSa rUpa se mahAvIra ke 'ahiMsA' siddhAnta kA hI pratipAdana kara diyA hai| pApassAgamadAra asaccavayaNaM arthAt asatya vacana pApa ke Agamana ke lie dvAra ke samAna hai--mahAvIra jI kI isI vANI ke tulasI-sAhitya meM isa prakAra darzana hote haiM nahiM asatya sama pAtaka puMjA, arthAt asatya ke samAna koI pApoM kA samUha nahIM hai| eka meM asatya ko pApoM ke Agamana kA dvAra batAyA gayA hai aura dUsare meM svayaM pApa-samUha / veraggaparo sAhu paradavvaparammuho ya jo hodi / arthAt jo paradravya se virakta hotA hai vahI sAdhu vairAgI hotA hai isa mahAvIra vANI kA tulasI ne kitanA sundara vivecana kiyA hai paradhana patthara mAniye paratiya mAtu samAna / itane se hari nA mileM tulasIdAsa jubAna // bhakta kavi kI apane hari' ke pati bhAvukatA sacamuca manohArI hai| jIvo baMmA jIvammi dvArA mahAvIra vANI meM jIva meM brahma kA AropaNa kiyA gayA kintu gosvAmI jI ne brahma jIva iva sahaja saMghAtI kahakara donoM kA pRthak astitva akSuNNa rakhakara unake sAhacarya kA bhI nirdeza kara diyA hai| jo maNNadi para-mahilaM jaNaNI-bahiNI-su Ai saaricchN| maNa-vayaNe kAeNa vi vaMbha-vaI so have thUlo // arthAt jo mana, vacana aura zarIra se parAI strI ko mAtA, bahina aura putrI ke samAna samajhatA hai, vaha zrAvaka sthUla brahmacArI hai| mahAvIravANI ke isa bhAva kA tulasI sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai / yathA anuja badhU bhaginI suta naarii| sana saTha kanyA sama e caarii|| inhahi kudRSThi bilokai joii| tAhi badhe kachu pApa na hoii|| eka kI vANI meM parAI strI ko mAtA, bahina aura putrI mAnane vAlA brahmacArI hai to dUsare ke vicAra meM aisA na mAnane vAle ko mAra dene meM bhI koI pApa nahIM hai| itanA hI nahIM apitu tulasI isa mAmale meM kucha aura bhI Age bar3ha gae pratIta hote haiM paradrohI paradAra rata para dhana para apavAda / te nara pAmara pApamaya deha dhareM manujAda / / AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana granva 88 :
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________________ tulasI ne parastrIviSayaka naitikatA ke sAtha hI lokAcAra kI katipaya anya vividhatAoM ko bhI isameM jor3a diyaa| arthAt dUsare se droha, dUsare kI nArI meM Asakti, para dhana para dRSTi aura dUsaroM ke viSaya meM vivAda phailAne vAlA nIca, pazu, pApI hai aura kevala mAnuSa deha dhAraNa kara use kalaMkita kara rahA hai / kAmAgiddhiSyabhavaM dukkhaM dukha kAma bhogoM kI abhilASA se utpanna hotA hai| mahAvIra jo kI isa vANI ke digdarzana hameM tulasIkRta rAmacarita mAnasa ke kiSkindhAkANDa meM hote haiM / yahAM vAnararAja sugrIva zrIrAmacandra mahArAja se kahate haiM nAtha viSaya sama mada kachu nAhIM / muni mana moha karana kSaNa mAhIM // isI prakAra - arthAt mahAvIra vANI ke anusAra jo apanI AtmA ko isa apavitra zarIra se tattvataH bhinna tathA jJApaka svarUpa jAnatA hai, vaha saba zAstroM ko jAnatA hai / zarIra aura AtmA kI isI bhinnatA ko tulasI sAhitya meM aura bhI spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai jo appANaM jANadi asui- sarIrAdu taccado bhiNNaM / jANaga sva-savvaM so satyaM jANade savvaM // zarIra ko AtmA se pRthak mAnane ke siddhAnta kI tArA ko upadeza dete hue zrIrAmacandra kahate haiM-- tulasI kAyA kheta hai, manasA bhayo kisAna / pApa puNya bIja haiM, buai ko sInheM dAna // puSTi bAlI-vadha prasaMga meM bhI hotI hai| vahAM bAlI ke mRta zarIra ke pAsa baiThI kSiti jala pAvaka gagana samIrA prakaTa so tanu tama Age sovA / arthAt zarIra pAMca tattvoM se nirmita padArtha hai kintu jIva yAni AtmA nitya aura zAzvata hai| Na jIvo jadusahAthI jIvo sacevaNo ti // I paMca rahita yaha adhama zarIrA // jIva nitya tuma kehi lagi rovA // jaina tatva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha jIva jar3a svabhAva vAlA nahIM hai| jIva sacetana hai| tulasI ne isI bAta ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA hai Izvara aMza jIva avinAzI / cetana amala sahaja sukharAsI // 'zramaNa' kI jo-jo vizeSatAyeM mahAvIra vANI meM vyakta kI gaI haiM vahI vizeSatAyeM tulasI ke rAmacaritamAnasa meM bhagavAn ke 'ananya sevaka' ke lie vyakta kI gaI haiM (1) samaNo sama suha dukkho - pravacanasAra arthAt jo sukha duHkha meM samatA bhAva rakhatA hai vaha zramaNa hai / (2) samaha sa ya je bhikkhU zakAlika sUtra / arthAt jo samAna rUpa se sukha-duHkha ko sahana karatA hai, vaha bhikSu hai / (3) samaloTThakaM caNo puNa jIvida maraNe samo samaNo / - -pravacanasAra arthAt jo miTTI ke Dhele aura svarNa meM tathA jIvana-maraNa meM samAna bhAva rakhatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| zramaNa kI uparokta mUla cetanA zrIrAmacaritamAnasa ke uttara kANDa ke nimna pada meM abhilakSita hai --- / nahi rAga na lobha na mAna madA / tinake sama vaibhava vA vipadA / yahi te tava sevaka hota mudA / muni tyAgata joga bharosa sadA // kari prema nirantara nema lie pada paMkaja sevata zuddha hie| sama mAni nirAdara Ada rhii| saba saMta sukhI bicaraMta mahI // " aura soka moha bhaya haraya divasa-nidezakAla taha nAhIM / tulasIdAsa yahi zAhIna saMgama niramUla na jAhI ||-viny patrikA 86
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________________ 60 mahAvIra vANI ke anusAra zramaNa kI katipaya anya vizeSatAoM kA bhI darzana sAmya tulasI sAhitya meM asaMdigdha hai (1) ilAhAra bihArI rahita sAha, ve samaNI / pravacanasAra arthAt upayukta AhAra-bihAra se yukta tathA kathAyoM se rahita bhramaNa hotA hai| (2) same ya je savvapANabhU tesu se hu samaNe praznavyAkaraNa arthAt jo sabhI prANiyoM para sama bhAva rakhatA hai vahI zramaNa hai / (3) daMsaNANasamaggo samaNo so saMjado bhaNido / - -pravacanasAra arthAt darzana aura jJAna se paripUrNa zramaNa ko saMyata kahA gayA hai| (4) suddhassa ya sAmaNNaM bhaNiyaM suddhassa daMsaNaM gANaM / suddhassa ya NigvANaM so cciva siddho Namo tassa // - pravacanasAra arthAt zuddhopayoga ko zramaNatva kahA gayA hai aura zuddha ko darzana tathA jJAna / zuddha ko nirvANa hotA hai aura vahI siddha hotA hai / usa siddha ko namaskAra hai / (5) sattU mitte yasamA bodhapAhuDa arthAt jo zatru aura mitra meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai / tulasI kI nimnokta caupAiyoM meM bhakta kI jo vizeSatAyeM vyakta kI gaI haiM ve nizcaya hI zramaNa ke uparokta guNoM kA hI paryAya haiM sarala svabhAva na mana kuTilAI / jathA bairana bigraha Asa na vAsA / sukhamaya anAraMbha aniketa amAnI / anagha prIti sadA sajjana saMsargI / tRna sama mahAvIra vANI ke anusAra nirmala mana vAle ko zramaNa kahA gayA hai - aura tulasI bhI kucha isI prakAra sacce bhakta kI pahacAna batAte haiMnirmala mana jana so mohi pAvA / mohi kapaTa chala chidra na bhAvA // tulasI to yahAM taka kaha gae haiM ki rasanA sAMpini badana bila jo na japaha harinAma / tulasI prema na rAma soM, tAhi vidhAtA bAma // mahAvIra vANI meM parigraha' tyAjya mAnA gayA hai(1) lobha- kali- kasAya mahAsaMgho praznavyAkaraNa parigraha rUpI vRkSa ke tane lobha, kleza aura kaSAya haiM / (2) NiggaMtho vi visaesu-bhagavatI ArAdhanA lAbha-santoSa sadAI | tAhi sadA aba AsA // aroSa baccha vigyAnI / viSaya - sva-apavargI | to samaNo jaya sumaNo (3) Acelakko dhamzuo purimacarANaM- mUlArAdhanA sAdhu ko sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga karanA caahie| aparigrahI hone se viSaya abhilASAoM kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| (4) samyatovatI sAhU satya hoi apavaso / mUlArAdhanA - jo sAdhU sabhI vastuoM kI Asakti se mukta hotA hai, vahI jitendriya tathA Atmanirbhara hotA hai / (5) asajjamANo apaDibaddha e yA vi viharai - uttarAdhyayanasUtra jo anAsakta hai, vaha sarvatra nirdvandva bhAva se vicaraNa karatA hai / (6) samvattha bhagavayA aniyANayA pasatthA sthAnAMgasUtra sarvatra bhagavAn ne niSkAmatA ko zreSTha kahA hai / 'parigraha' se virakti kI prApti hotI hai / isI ko bhakta kA pramukha AcArya ratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ lakSaNa mAnakara tulasI ne ayodhyAkANDa meM maharSi vAlmiki ke zrImukha se kahalAyA hai-- kAma moha mada mAna na mohaa| lobha na kSobha na rAga na drohaa|| jinha ke kapaTa daMbha nahiM maayaa| tinha ke hRdaya basahu raghurAyA // 'aparigraha' ke samarthana meM to tulasI yahAM taka kaha gae kijahAM rAma taha kAma nahiM, jahAM kAma nahi raam| eka saMga nigasata nahIM, tulasI chAyA dhAma // 'dravya aparigraha' ke sandarbha meM bhI tulasI ne lokeSaNAoM ko atyanta sImita karate hue kahA hai-- 'tulasI' itanA dIjiye jAmeM kuTumba aghaai| maiM bhI bhUkhA nA rahUM, sAdhu na bhUkhA jAI // isa prakAra tulasI sAhitya meM tathA jainAnusArI aparigraha bhAvanA meM kaI sthaloM para eka rUpatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / isI prakAra mahAvIra vANI meM kaI sthAnoM para 'sadAcAra' kI mahimA kA bakhAna kiyA gayA hai / AcArahIna jana-bhakti ke kSetra meM padArpaNa hI nahIM kara sakate haiN| isI sadAcAra ko tulasI ne zrIrAmacarita mAnasa meM 'gRhastha' ke lie 'maryAdA' ke rUpa meM aura bhaktoM ke lie vairAgya ke rUpameM pratiSThita kiyA hai| (1) udadhIva radaNa bhari do tava viNayaM sIladANarayaNANaM / soto ya sasIlo NivvANa maNuttaraM ptto||-shiilpaahudd jaise samudra aneka prakAra ke ratnoM se bharA huA hai, vaise hI AtmA meM tapa, vinaya, zIla, dAna ratna haiN| kintu jaise jala hone para hI samudra kahA jAtA hai, vaise zola sahita hone para hI manuSya uttama pada-nirvANa prApta karatA hai / (2) NijjAvago ya NANaM vAdo jhANaM carittavANA hii| bhava sAgaraM tu bhaviyA taraMti tihi saNNi pAyeNa ||--muulaacaar jahAja calAne vAlA jJAna hai, dhyAna havA hai aura caritra nAva hai| ina tInoM ke mela se bhavya jIva saMsAra-samudra se pAra ho jAte haiN| (3) bhallANa vi NAsaMti guNa jahiM sahu saMgu khalehi--pAhuDadohA duSTa janoM kI saMgati se bhale puruSoM ke bhI guNa naSTa ho jAte haiN| (4) bhikkhAe vA gihatthe vA suvvae kammaI divaM / --uttarAdhyayana cAhe sAdhu ho yA gRhastha, yadi suvratI va sadAcArI hai to divya gati ko prApta hotA hai| tulasI ne bhI apane ArAdhya zrIrAma meM Adarza guNoM se yukta puruSa kI kalpanA karate hue likhA hai --- cAriu rUpa zIla guNa dhaamaa| tadapi athaka sukha sAgara rAmA / isa pada dvArA tulasI ne rUpa, zIla aura guNoM kA dhAma batAkara maryAdA puruSottama zrIrAma ko zakti, zIla aura sauMdarya kI mUtti banA diyA hai| isase mahAvIra vANI ke mUla bhAva kI abhivyaMjanA bhI svayameva ho jAtI hai| ___ saMsAra samudra se pAra jAne ke lie tulasI ne uparokta zIla sAgara zrIrAma ke nAma aura bhakti ko sudRr3ha AdhAra mAnA hai / rAmabhakti ke jahAja meM car3hakara hI prANI bhava sAgara pAra ho jAtA hai| alabattA bhakti ke kSetra meM tulasI, jJAna kI mahattA ko kama na oNkate hue bhAvanA ko adhika pratiSThApita karate haiN| unhoMne jIvana ke nATya maMca para Ane vAle vibhinna pAtroM ke lie aneka sthaloM para AcAra-saMhitA hI banA dI hai| 'mukhiyA' kA AcaraNa tulasI ke mata se isa prakAra kA honA cAhie :-- mukhiyA mukha soM cAhiye khAna pAna kaha ek| pAle poSa sakala aMga, tulasI sahita viveka / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki tulasI sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para mahAvIra vANI ke darzana kie jA sakate haiM / yaha bAta bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki tulasI ne mahAvIra jI kI vibhinna vANiyoM evaM siddhAntoM kI beloM ko apane mahAkAvya ke caukhaTe meM AveSThita 'zrIrAmakathA' kI pAvana mUtti ke sAtha deza, kAla aura pAtrAnukUla saMvalita' kara diyA hai| lekina jahAM bhI aise sthala Ae haiM vahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke vacanAmRta udAratA aura paropakAritA ke mAnavIya mUlyoM se mukharita hue haiN| jaina tattva cintana : Adhunika saMdarbha