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________________ AcArAga satra - sureMdra bAtharA AcArAMga sUtra vaha graMtha hai, jisameM aha~ta mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA kI tarkasaMgata paribhASA kI AdhArabhUta avadhAraNA kA spaSTa aura prAcInatama rUpa hI nahIM, usakI vyApakatA aura sArvabhaumikatA sthApita karane ke sazakta sUtra upalabdha haiN| ahiMsA kI AdhArazilA rakhate hue unhoMna kahA --sarvaprathama manISiyoM ko apane-apane siddhAMtoM meM sthApita karavAkara maiM pUchatA hU~-he manISiyoM! Apako duHkha priya hai yA apriya?(4/2/25) yadi Apa kaheM, hameM duHkha priya nahIM hai, to ApakA siddhAMta samyag hai| maiM Apase kahanA cAhatA hUM ki jaise Apako dukha priya nahIM hai, vaise hI saba prANI, bhUta, jIva aura sattvoM ke lie dukha apriya, azAMtijanaka aura mahAbhayaMkara hai| (4/2/26) maiM kahatA hU~ jo arhat atIta meM hue haiM, vartamAna meM haiM aura bhaviSya meM hoMge ve saba aisA AkhyAna karate haiM, aisA bhASaNa karate haiM, aisA prajJApana karate haiM aura aisA prarUpaNa karate haiM --kisI bhI prANI, bhUta, jIva aura sattva kA hanana nahIM karanA cAhie, una para zAsana nahIM karanA cAhie, unheM dAsa nahIM banAnA cAhie, unheM paritApa nahIM denA cAhie, unakA prANa-viniyojana nahIM karanA caahie| (4/1/1) yaha ahiMsA dharma zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata hai| AtmajJa arhatoM ne loka ko jAnakara isakA pratipAdana kiyaa| (4/1/2) jise tU hanana yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU AjJA meM rakhane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU paritApa dene yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU dAsa banAne yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| jise tU mArane yogya mAnatA hai, vaha tU hI hai| (5/5/101) AcArAMga meM zramaNa ke Adarza AcAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo janasAmAnya ke AcaraNa kA bhI AdhAra hai| mahAvIra ne samyaka AcAra kA pratipAdana kara prakRti evaM samAja meM ahiMsA para AdhArita jIvana-zailI kA sarvAMgINa vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| AcArAMga do zruta-skaMdhoM meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka zruta-skaMdha kA adhyayanoM tathA pratyeka adhyayana kA uddezoM yA cUlikAoM meM vibhAjana hai| prathama zruta-skaMdha meM nau adhyayana evaM cauMvAlIsa uddeza haiN| mUlata, yaha gadya racanA hai, jisameM kahIM-kahIM padyAMzoM kA prayoga huA hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zruta-skaMdha meM samatA, ahiMsA aura saMyama kI sAdhanA kA vivecana hai| yaha sAdhanA AtmA (brahma) kI ora prerita hone se isakA aparanAma brahmacarya bhI hai| prathama adhyayana (zastra-parijJA)-- hiMsA ke bAhya aura AMtarika sAdhanoM ke svarUpa kA samyak bodha hI isakA viSaya hai| isa adhyayana meM sAta uddezaka haiN| prathama va dvitIya uddezakoM meM Atma-astitva kI jijJAsA aura isa jaTila saMsAra meM nirApada rUpa se jIte hue ucita dizA meM bar3hane saMbaMdhI uhApoha hai| astitva ke sAtha hI kriyA kI, aura baMdhana se achUte rahane ke lie
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________________ viveka kI carcA hai| isI viveka ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ko sthApita kiyA gayA hai| hiMsA ke vibhinna kAraNoM ko sUcita karane ke bAda usake sAdhana ke rUpa meM zastra paribhASita kiyA hai| zeSa uddezakoM meM kramaza pRthvI, jala Adi vyakta-avyakta cetanA vAle SaTkAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA evaM unakI cetanatA kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| hiMsA se virata rahane ke lie viveka aura saMyama ke kSetra kI vyApakatA batAte hue mahAvIra ne mAnava itihAsa meM sarvaprathama isa dRSTa jagata se pare sUkSma jIvana kI avadhAraNA ko sazakta rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai| mahAvIra kA SaDjIva nikAya kA yaha bhautika siddhAMta AcArAMga ke isI prathama adhyayana meM upalabdha hai| pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura agni tattvoM para AdhArita aura poSita sUkSma jIvoM ke caitanya aura unake prANoM kI vedanA ko mAnavIya anubhUti ke AdhAra para mArmika zabdoM meM pAribhASita aura sthApita kiyA hai| mahAvIra kahate haiN| pRthvIkAyika jIva (aura usI prakAra jala, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati kAyika bhI) janmanA aMdha, badhira, mUka, paMgu aura avayavahIna manuSya kI bhAMti avyakta cetanA vAle hote haiN| zastra se bhedana-chedana karane para jaise janmanA iMdriya vikala aMdha manuSya ko kaSTAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ko hotI hai| manuSya ko mUrcchita karane yA usakA prANa- viyojana karane para use kaSTAnubhUti hotI hai, vaise hI pRthvIkAyika jIva ko hotI hai / iMdriya vikala -- yahI nahIM vanaspati jagata kI mAnava zarIra se tulanA to akATya pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai. maiM kahatA hU~yaha manuSya zarIra bhI janmatA hai, yaha vanaspati bhI janmatI hai / yaha manuSya - zarIra bhI bar3hatA hai, yaha vanaspati bhI bar3hatI hai| yaha manuSya-zarIra bhI caitanyayukta hai, yaha vanaspati bhI caitanyayukta hai / yaha manuSya - zarIra bhI chinna hone para mlAna hotA hai, yaha vanaspati bhI chinna hone para mlAna hotI hai yaha manuSya zarIra bhI AhAra karatA hai, yaha vanaspati bhI AhAra karatI hai| yaha manuSya zarIra bhI anitya hai, yaha vanaspati bhI anitya hai yaha manuSya zarIra bhI azAzvata hai, yaha vanaspati bhI azAzvata hai| yaha manuSya - zarIra bhI upacita aura apacita hotA hai, yaha vanaspati bhI upacita aura apacita hotI hai| yaha manuSya - zarIra bhI vividha avasthAoM ko prApta hotA hai, yaha vanaspati bhI vividha avasthAoM ko prApta hotI hai| (1/6/118) isa prakAra, ahiMsA ke tAttvika ciMtana ke tArkika AdhAra ko mAnavIya saMvedanA ke dharAtala para sthApita kara, vyavahAra zuddhi aura Atma zuddhi ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kA prathama saphala prayAsa isa adhyayana meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| dvitIya adhyayana (lokavijaya) meM saMsAra (baMdhana) para vijaya prApta karane ke sAdhanoM kA varNana hai, jinameM mukhya haiM- saMyama - ---- meM puruSArtha, aMtaraMga zatruoM para vijaya aura apramattatA / isameM cha uddezaka haiN| tRtIya adhyayana (zItoSNIya) meM anukUla yA pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM tanika bhI vicalita na hone aura samatvabhAva rakhate hue sAdhanA meM niraMtara sajaga rahane kI carcA hai / isa adhyayana meM cAra uddezaka haiN| caturtha adhyayana (samyakRtva) ke anusAra jIva ajIva tattvoM ke yathArtha svarUpa para zraddhA hone se AtmA prANimAtra ko AtmopamyadRSTi se dekhatA hai aura unakA ahita nahIM karatA, unheM pIr3A nahIM phuNcaataa| yaha adhyayana ahiMsA kI isa bhAvanA ko hI zuddha, nitya aura sanAtana dharma ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karatA hai| isa adhyayana meM cAra uddezaka haiM / -
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________________ pA~cavAM adhyayana (lokasAra) yaha batAtA hai ki loka kA sAra dharma hai, dharma kA sAra jJAna hai, jJAna kA sAra saMyama aura saMyama kA sAra mokSa hai| isa adhyayana meM cha uddezaka haiN| chaThe adhyayana (dhUta) meM rAga-dveSa Adi mAnasika vikAra yA azuddhi ko dUra kara Atma-zuddhi karane kA spaSTa nirdeza hai| isa adhyayana meM pA~ca uddezaka haiN| sAtavAM adhyayana mahAparijJA hai| vartamAna meM yaha adhyayana anupalabdha hai| AThaveM adhyayana (vimokSa) meM ATha uddezaka haiN| inameM vizeSataH zramaNa ke dainaMdina AcAra aura zuddha samAdhi kI ora prerita tyAgamaya jIvana kA varNana huA hai| naveM adhyayana (upadhAnazruta) meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhanA kAla kA sabase mArmika, preraNAspada, prAcIna aura prAmANika varNana hai| dvitIya zrutaskaMdha (pariziSTAtmaka) meM zramaNa AcAra ke niyamoM kA paryApta spaSTatA evaM vistAra ke sAtha vivecana huA hai tathA tapa-dhyAna aura samabhAva kI sAdhanA evaM mAnasika zuddhi ke upAya batAe gae haiN| dvitIya zruta-skaMdha meM tIna cUlikAeM haiM, jo 16 adhyayanoM meM vibhAjita haiN| dvitIya zruta-skaMdha meM zramaNa ke lie nirdezita vratoM va tatsaMbaddha bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa bhikSu-caryA, AhAra-pAna-zuddhi, zayyA-saMstaraNa-grahaNa, vihAra-caryA, cAturmAsya-pravAsa, bhASA, vastra, pAtra, Adi upakaraNa, mala-mUla-visarjana Adi ke saMbaMdha meM niyama-upaniyama Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga zvetAMbara mAnyatA ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza ke gaNadharoM dvArA saMkalita bAraha aMga-zAstroM (zruta athavA gaNipiTaka) kA prathama aMga hai| isakA prathama zruta-skaMdha azokakAlIna prAkRta abhilekhoM se bhI prAcIna hai| AcArAMga kI sUtrAtmaka zailI use upaniSadoM kA nikaTavartI aura svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI hone kI ora iMgita karatI hai| bhAva, bhASA aura zailI tInoM ke AdhAra para yaha sampUrNa pAli aura prAkRta sAhitya meM prAcInatama hai| jarmanI ke prasiddha bhAratIya vidyA-vattA DaoN0 heramAna yAkobI ne bhI isakA kAla nirdhAraNa karate hue, chaMda Adi kI dRSTi se adhyayana karake, yaha nizcaya kiyA thA ki AcArAMga ke prAcIna aMza I0pU0 cauthI zatAbdI ke aMta se lekara I0pU0 tIsarI zatAbdI ke prAraMbha se prAcIna nahIM lgte| usake dvitIya zruta-skaMdha ke rUpa meM jo AcAracUlA jor3I gaI hai, vaha I0pU0 dUsarI yA prathama zatI se paravartI nahIM hai| AcArAMga vAstava meM dvAdazAMgAtmaka vAGmaya meM sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa aura saMpUrNa jaina AcAra kA pratinidhi graMtha hai| AcArAMga para AcArya bhadrabAhu dvArA niyukti, zrI jinadAsagaNi dvArA cUrNi, zrI zIlAMkAcArya dvArA TIkA tathA zrI jinahaMsa dvArA dIpikA kI racanA kI gii| jaina vAGamaya ke prakhyAta adhyetA DaoN0 heramAna yAkobI ne isakA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA tathA isakI gaveSaNApUrNa prastAvanA likhii| AcArAMga ke prathama zruta-skaMdha kA prasiddha jarmana vidvAn pro0 vAlTara zUbiMga ne saMpAdana kiyA tathA san 1910 I0 meM lipz2iga se isakA prakAzana kiyaa| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bhI isa zAstra para vibhinna bhASAoM meM pracura kArya kiyA hai aura kara rahe haiN|