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________________ pU0 jambUvijayajI dvArA sampAdita AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM svIkRta kucha pAThoM kI samIkSA ke0 Ara0 candrA yaha sarva-vidita hai ki AcArAGga kA prathama zrutaskandha prAkRta sAhitya kA sabase prAcIna grantha hai| isakI bhASA bha0 mahAvIra kI mUla vANI hai-yaha bAta yadi sabako svIkArya nahIM bhI ho, to bhI itanA to sabako mAnya hai ki isakI bhASA bha0 mahAvIra kI mUla vANI ke sAtha bahuta samAnatA rakhatI hai / ataH isa grantha meM prAkRta bhASA kA prAcInatama rUpa upalabdha honA caahie| parantu vartamAna saMskaraNoM meM aneka sthaloM para bhASA kI prAcInatA vilupta sI jAna par3atI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prAkRta bhASA meM hone vAle satata parivartanoM ne isa grantha ke upadezakoM, adhyetA-AcAryoM, vyAkhyAkAroM evaM pratilipikAroM (lehiyoM) ko aisA prabhAvita kiyA ki grantha kI mUla bhASA meM parivartana A gaye aura prAcInatA ke sthAna para arvAcInatA praveza kara gyii| pAThakoM ko suvidhA ho, isalie samaya-samaya para bhASA ke apracalita rUpa nikAla diye gaye aura pracalita rUpa rakha diye gye| grantha kI vividha pratiyoM meM milane vAle vibhinna pATha isa prAcInatA-arvAcInatA ke sAkSI haiN| yaha saba hote hue bhI prAkRta bhASA ke vikAsa kA zAstrIya evaM vaijJAnika adhyayana karane vAle ko itanA to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kauna sA rUpa prAcIna hai aura kauna sA arvAcIna hai| vibhinna zatAbdiyoM ke prAkRta bhASA meM milane vAle zilAlekha isa bhASA ke tatkAlIna svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie hamAre pAsa akATya pramANa haiM / dhvani-parivartana kI dRSTi se prAkRta bhASA kA vikAsa sAmAnyataH isa prakAra mAnA gayA hai ki sabase pahale isameM saMyukta vyaJjanoM kA samIkaraNa huA, tatpazcAt madhyavartI aghoSa vyaJjanoM kA ghoSa evaM ghoSa vyaJjanoM kA aghoSa meM parivartana huA aura anta meM madhyavartI vyaJjanoM kA lopa huA / vibhaktiyoM evaM pratyayoM meM bhI kramazaH parivartana Aye, jinheM prAkRta bhASA ke aitihAsika vikAsa kA koI bhI adhyetA acchI taraha se jAnatA hai| isI bhASAyI vikAsa yA parivartana ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AcArAGga ke pU0 jambUvijayajI dvArA sampAdita saMskaraNa kI yaha samIkSA kI jA rahI hai| isake phalasvarUpa aisA pratIta hotA hai ki abhI bhI AcArAGga ke eka aise naye saMskaraNa kI AvazyakatA hai, jisameM upalabdha pratoM ke AdhAra para aneka pATha badale jA sakate haiM, jo bhASA kI prAcInatA ko surakSita rakhane meM sahAyaka haiM / 1. ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ke aneka saMskaraNa prApta haiM / usI prakAra AcArAGga ke bhI aneka saMskaraNa prakAzita hue haiM, parantu una sabameM jarmanI se prakAzita zubriga mahodaya kA, Agamodaya samiti dvArA prakAzita pU0 sAgarAnandasUrijI kA, jaina vizvabhAratI dvArA prakAzita muni zrI nathamalajI kA evaM zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya dvArA prakAzita pU0 jambUvijayajI kA-ye cAra saMskaraNa mahattvapUrNa mAne jAte haiN| inameM se prathama aura antima saMskaraNa meM hI vibhinna pratiyoM se pAThAntara diye gaye haiM, jabaki anya do meM pAThAntara nahIM diye gaye hai| antima saMskaraNa Adhunikatama saMskaraNa hone se usakI hI yahAM para samIkSA ko jA rahI hai| - For Private &Personal Use Only
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________________ ke0 Ara0 candrA prastuta samIkSA grantha kI bhASA kI prAcInatA ko kAyama rakhane meM kitanI upayogI bana sakatI hai, isa para vidvAnoM ko vicAra karanA hai| yahA~ para prastuta kiye gaye sujhAva svIkAra karane yogya haiM yA nahIM, una para vidvAnoM kI AlocanA ho, isI uddezya se yaha adhyayana prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| AzA hai, vidvAn apane-apane vicAra prakaTa kareMge, jisase prAcIna granthoM ke mUla bhASAyI svarUpa ko surakSita rakhA jA ske|' zrI jambavijayajI dvArA svIkRta pAThoM ko samIkSA dhvani-parivartana1. (ka) prAcIna rUpa svIkRta kiyA gayA hai, cAhe vaha prAcInatama prata meM nahIM milatA ho / 1. avijANae (sUtra 10, pR0 4 paM0 1; pAThAntara-aviyANae ) 2. paripaMdaNa ( sUtra 7, pR0 3, paM0 9; sUtra 51, pR0 13, paM0 8; sUtra 58, pR0 15, paM0 1; pAThAntara-pariyaMdaNa) 3. guNAsAte (sUtra 41, pR0 11, paM0 1; pAThAntara-guNAyAe) 4. paDisaMvedayati ( sUtra 6, pR0 3, paM07; pAThAntara-paDisaMvedeti, paDisaMveei) 5. paveditaM ( sUtra 26, pR0 7, paM0 16; pAThAntara-pavetiyaM ) 6. adhedisAto ( sUtra 1, pR0 1, paM0 14; pAThAntara-ahedisAto) 7. khettaNNe (sUtra 32, pR08, paM0 15; pAThAntara-- khetaNe, kheanne, kheyanne) 8. picchAe ( sUtra 52, pR0 13, paM0 17; pAThAntara--piMchAe) 9. pucchAe ( sUtra 52, pR0 13, paM0 17; pAThAntara-puMchAe ) (kha) kabhI-kabhI kAgaja kI eka mAtra arvAcIna prata se prAcIna rUpa liyA gayA hai| 1. apariNivvANaM (sUtra 49, pR0 12, paM0 17; mAtra lA0 prata kA pATha; ( pAThAntara -apariNevvANaM) (ga) pada-racanA 1. vijahittA ( sUtra 20, pR0 6, paM0 11; pAThAntara-vijahittu) 2. kabhI-kabhI arvAcIna rUpa svIkRta kiyA gayA hai, jabaki prAcIna pratoM evaM cUNi meM prAcIna rUpa milatA hai| 1. kappai Ne kappai (sUtra 27, pR0 8, paM0 1 ) yaha pATha tADapatrIya je0 prata aura kAgaja kI ___arvAcIna pratoM meM milatA hai| 2. kappati Ne kappai ( yaha pATha prAcIna pratoM evaM cUNi meM milatA hai, lekina use chor3a diyA __ gayA hai|) 3 sahasammuiyAe (sUtra 2, pR. 2, paM0 4) pATha svIkRta hai, jabaki cUNi kA pATha sahasammutiyAe aura saM0 zAM0 kA pATha 'sahasammudiyAe' chor3a diyA gayA hai| 1. AgamoM ko mUla bhASA kitanI badala gayI hai, isako jAnane ke lie dekhie-pU0 muni puNyavijayajI dvArA sampAdita 'kalpasUtra' kI prastAvanA, pR0 3 se 7, sArAbhAI maNilAla navAba, ahamadAbAda, 1952 /
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________________ 3. 3 AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM svIkRta kucha pAThoM kI samIkSA kabhI-kabhI arvAcIna rUpa svIkRta kiyA gayA hai, cAhe vaha cUrNi evaM arvAcIna kAgaja kI pratoM kA pATha ho / 1. maMda aviyANao (sUtra 49, pR0 12, paM0 15, prata he0 1,2,3 evaM cUrNi ) jabaki prAcIna pratoM zAM0, khe0, khaM0 evaM jai0 meM 'maMdassAvijANato' pATha milatA hai / yadi aisA pATha milatA ho, to use 'maMdassa avijANato' karane meM kyA doSa hai / lipikAroM kI bhUla se bhI sandhi kara dI gayI ho / ( zubriMga ke saMskaraNa meM cUrNi evaM prAcIna prata kA 'maMdassa avijANao' pATha ( pR0 5, paM0 4 ) svIkRta kiyA gayA hai / ) 4. kabhI-kabhI cUrNi meM madhyavartI gayA hai / mUla vyaJjana ke milane para bhI usakA lopa svIkRta kiyA (1) uvavAie (sUtra 1, pR0 2, paM0 2 ) ( cUrNi pATha - uvavAvie) (2) sahasammuiyAe ( sUtra 2, pR02, paM0 2 ) ( cUrNi - pATha - sahasAmutiyAe ) prAcIna rUpa hI grahaNa karanA yA cUrNi evaM prAcIna pratoM meM upalabdha rUpa hI grahaNa karanA yA cUrNi ke hI prAcIna rUpa ko grahaNa karanA- aisA koI niyamita vidhAna isa saMskaraNa meM apanAyA gayA ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotA / arvAcIna pratoM se arvAcIna rUpa bhI grahaNa kiye gaye haiM / aisI avasthA meM kisI bhI prata meM yadi prAcIna rUpa milatA ho, to bha0 mahAvIra ke samaya evaM prAkRta ke tatkAlIna rUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue prAcIna rUpa kyoM nahIM apanAye jAne cAhie ? kyoMki arvAcIna pratoM ke sAmane Adarza prata to isase bhI prAcIna hI rahI hogI / aisI bhI sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki arvAcIna pratoM meM jAnabUjhakara rUpoM ko prAcIna kara diyA gayA ho / yadi aisA hotA to sabhI rUpoM ko prAcIna kyoM nahIM kara diyA jAtA, kabhI-kabhI to prAcIna pratoM arvAcIna evaM prAcIna rUpa donoM hI eka sAtha milate haiM / yahA~ para isa dRSTi se prastuta zrIjambUvijayajI ke saMskaraNa ke kucha pAThoM kI samIkSA kI jAya, usake pahale zukriMga mahodaya dvArA svIkRta kiye gaye kucha pAThoM kI samIkSA karanA bhI upayogI siddha hogA / ke kucha pAThoM kA vizleSaNa ( AcArAGga-prathamazrutaskandha ) 1. prAcIna rUpa svIkRta, bhale hI arvAcIna pratoM meM milate hoM / svIkRta - NivvANaM, pariyAveNa asvIkRta - (vvANaM ), ( pariyAveNaM ) 2. prAcIna rUpa asvIkRta, bhale hI arvAcIna pratoM meM milate hoM / asvIkRta - (paDisaMvedayai ), ( samuTThAya ), ( khettaNNe ) svIkRta - paDiveei, samuTThAe, kheyaNNe jabaki pU0 jambUvijayajI ne apane saMskaraNa meM ina jagahoM para prAcIna rUpa svIkRta kiye haiMsaMvedayati, khettaNe ( saMdI0 prata meM zuddha pATha milate haiM, aisA kahane se usakA 'samuTThAya ' pATha unake ( jambU0 ) lie svIkArya ho jAtA hai / )
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________________ ke0 Ara0 candrA 3. prAcIna rUpa asvIkRta, bhale hI prAcIna prata meM milatA ho / asvIkRta - ( jIvA aNege ) svIkRta - jIvA aNegA (zrI jambUvijayajI ke anusAra saMdI0 meM milane vAlA zuddha pATha 'aNege' liyA jAnA cAhie ) [ isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki arvAcIna pratoM meM bhI prAcIna rUpa milate haiM / ] 4. arvAcIna prata aura cUrNi meM prAcIna rUpa milate hue bhI use chor3a diyA gayA hai / asvIkRta - ( akhettanne ) svIkRta - akheyanne 5. prAcIna prata evaM cUrNi meM arvAcIna rUpa prApta hote hue bhI use hI liyA gayA hai / svIkRta - ghAmINe, samaNujANamINe asvIkRta - ( ghAyamANe ), ( samaNujANamANe ) 6. cUrNi evaM prAcIna prata kA pATha chor3a diyA gayA hai / asvIkRta - ( assAyaM ) svIkRta - asAyaM 7. cUrNi evaM arvAcIna prata kA pATha chor3a diyA gayA hai / asvIkRta - ( aviyANa), (piJchAe ) svIkRta - avijANae, picchAe 8. mAtra cUrNi meM prAcIna rUpa ho to chor3a diyA gayA hai / asvIkRta - ( akaraNIyaM ), ( anitiyaM ), ( sotapaNNANehi ) svIkRta - akaraNijjaM, anicciyaM, sotapaNNANehi asvIkRta - ( parihAyamANahi ) svIkRta - parihAyamANehiM 9. cUrNa kI pratoM meM galata rUpa bhI milate haiM / paccaI ( pavaccai ) ( zuniMga ) maMtA (mattA ) ( jambU, zuniMga ) hisissu (hiMsisu ) ( jambU0, zuniMga ) 10. cUrNi kI pratoM meM arvAcIna rUpa bhI milate haiM / AraMbhamINA ( AraMbhamANA ), parinnAe ( parinnAya ) aar (avijAe ), piJchAe ( picchAe ) loyaM ( logaM ); [ jambU0, saMskaraNa ] [ isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki cUrNi meM sadaiva prAcIna aura zuddha rUpa hI milate hoM, aisA niyama nahIM hai / 1 11. vividha sampAdakoM ke liye eka hI pATha upalabdha sAmagrI evaM vividha pratoM ke anusAra prAcIna yA arvAcIna ho sakatA hai / 1. zrI jambUvijayajI ne 'aNitiyaM' pATha svIkRta kiyA hai|
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________________ AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM svIkRta kucha pAThoM kI samIkSA 5 'pichAe' pATha zrI jambUvijayajI ke lie AcA0 kI prAcInatama tADapatra evaM cUrNi kA pATha hai, jabaki zuniMga ke lie AcA0 kI arvAcIna prata evaM cUrNi kA pATha hai / 12. cUrNi kI vibhinna pratoM meM vibhinna pATha milate haiM / pannAha ( zu0 ), paNNANehi ( jambU0 ) 13. alaga-alaga sampAdakoM dvArA alaga-alaga pATha svIkRta kiye gaye haiMzubriMga - 'vihittu' pR0 3, paM0 10, paDisaMverui, pR0 1, paM0 18 jambU - 'vijahittA' pR0 6, paM0 20, paDisaMvedayati, pR0 3, paM0 7 zuniMga - samuTThAya, kheNe, aNegA, aniccayaM jambU - samuTThAya, khettaNNe, aNege', aNitiyaM 14. eka hI sampAdaka ne dhvani parivartana ke niyamoM ke anusAra kabhI prAcIna to kabhI arvAcIna rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai zubriMga - avijANae pR0 2, paM0 3; ( pAThAntara 'aviyANae' ) vihittu pR0 3, paM0 10 ( pAThAntara 'vijahittA' ) aba hama punaH pU0 jambUvijayajI ke saMskaraNa ke pAThoM kI samIkSA kareMge / zrI jambU vijayajI dvArA svIkRta pAThoM kI samIkSA ve sandarbha jinameM prAcIna pratoM meM madhyavartI mUla vyaJjana surakSita hote hue bhI usakA parivartita rUpa svIkRta kiyA gayA hai : 1. mUla aghoSa ke badale ghoSa vyaJjana svIkRta ( ka ) egesiM ' ( sUtra 1, 14, 25, pAThAntara - ekesi ) ( kha ) logAvAdI ( sUtra 3, pAThAntara lokAvAdI, purAnI prata zAM0 meM 'loyAvAdI' bhI milatA hai | ) ( ga ) logaMsi ( sUtra 8, 9, pAThAntara - lokaMsi ) (gha ) logaM ( sUtra 22, pAThAntara - lokaM ) (Ga) ege (sUtra 12, pAThAntara - eke ) 1. zrI jambUvijayajI ko yaha pATha svIkArya hai, jo zaMdI prata meM milatA hai / 2. aisA jarUrI nahIM hai ki madhyavartI 'ka' ke lie 'ga' vAlA pATha hI svIkRta kiyA jAnA caahie| 'ka' kI yathAvat sthiti, usakA ghoSa yA lopa ( yA 'ya' zruti ) ye tInoM pATha isa grantha meM lie gaye haiM / jaise : ( a ) ekayaraM ( sUtra 96 ), NikaraNAe ( sUtra 97 ), pakareMti ( sUtra 62 ) ( ba ) egesi ( sUtra 1 ), aNega ( sUtra 6 ), mahAraga ( sUtra 45 ), logaMsi ( sUtra 5 ) ( ka ) loe ( sUtra 10 ), patteyaM ( sUtra 49 ), udaya ( sUtra 23 ) [ sUtra 52 meM eka hI zabda ke do rUpa eka 'sadA' donoM rUpa eka sAtha milate haiM / ] sAtha milate haiM - vardheti, vaheMti / sUtra 33 meM 'satA' aura
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________________ ke0 Ara0 candrA 2. mUla ghoSa vyaJjana ke badale meM aghoSa ' vyaJjana kA tyAga evaM lopa kA svIkAra - ( ) AyANIyaM ( sUtra 14, 36, 44, 52, pAThAntara - AtANIyaM ) (kha) pavayamANA (sUtra 12, pAThAntara - pavatamANA ) 3. 4. 5. mUla aghoSa vyaJjana kA ghoSa asvIkRta, parantu lopa svIkRta - ( ) uvavAie (sUtra 1, 2, pAThAntara - uvavAdie ) ( kha ) sahasammuiyAe ( sUtra 2, pAThAntara - sahasammudiyAe ) [ digambaroM ke prAcIna zAstra kI bhASA zaurasenI hai aura usameM 'ta' kA 'da' pAyA hai / 'ta' kA lopa to bahuta bAda meM huA hai / ataH zvetAmbaroM ke ardhamAgadhI Agama kI bhASA kyA digambaroM ke AgamoM se bhI pazcAtkAlIna mAnI jAnI cAhie ? ] mUla vyaJjana ke badale meM lopa svIkRta - ka. savvAo disAo savvAo aNudisAo ( sUtra 2, pAThAntara - savvAto vA disAto savvAta aNudisato ) kha. aviyANao ( sUtra 49, pAThAntara - avijANato ) ga. kappai kappa Ne pAtuM ( sUtra 27, pAThAntara - kappati Ne kappai Ne pAtuM ) gha. sahasagguiyAe ( sUtra 2, pAThAntara - sahasaggutiyAe ) Ga. ahaM ( sUtra 41, pAThAntara - adhaM ) prAcIna ke badale arvAcIna rUpa ( zabda kA ) svIkRta - 1. 'ta' zruti kA prazna :- madhyavartI 'ta' evaM 'tha' kA kramazaH 'da' evaM 'gha' meM badalanA zaurasenI evaM mAgadhI bhASA kA lakSaNa mAnA gayA hai| yaha pravRtti mahArASTrI prAkRta meM hone vAle lopa se prAcIna mAnI gayI hai / paizAcI prAkRta meM 'da' kA 'ta' meM parivartana hotA hai aura yaha pravRtti bhI lopa se prAcIna mAnI gayI hai / 'da' ke 'ta' meM hone vAle parivartana evaM madhyavartI 'ta' ko surakSita rakhane vAlI pravRtti ko 'ta' zruti nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ina do vyaJjanoM ke atirikta anya madhyavartI alpaprANa vyabjana ke sthAna para yadi 'ta' AtA ho to use ho 'ta' zruti kahA jAyagA / jaise: - dhammataM ( dharmakam, sUtra 45 ), upavAdite ( upapAtike, sUtra 2 ), bAhitA ( bAhyakA, sUtra 56 ) ityAdi 'ta' zruti ke udAharaNa haiM / satA ( sadA, sUtra 33), pavatamANa ( pravadamAna, sUtra 12 kA pAThAntara ) ityAdi 'ta' zruti ke udAharaNa nahIM mAne jAe~ge, parantu ghoSa vyaJjana kA aghoSa meM parivartana mAnA jAyegA / [ idhara itanA aura spaSTa kara denA ucita hogA ki pU0 jambUvijayajI ne 'tahA' aura 'jahA' ke badale tADapatrIya pratoM aura cUrNi meM milane vAle 'tadhA' aura 'javA' ko chor3a diyA hai aura unake pAThAntara bhI kvacit hI diye haiM (dekhie prastAvanA, pR0 44 ) / aisA karake unhoMne prAcIna rUpa chor3a diye haiM aura unake badale meM arvAcIna rUpoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ] 2. sUtra naM. 1 meM o evaM to ( paMcamI ekavacana kI vibhakti ) donoM rUpa eka sAtha svIkRta kiye gaye haiM / sUtra naM. 2 meM 'puratthimAto disAto' meM 'disAto' kA svIkRta pATha kisI bhI tADapatrIya prata kA pATha nahIM hai / isI taraha Age isI sUtra meM 'imAo disAo' ke badale meM kAgaja kI jai0 prata kA pATha 'imAto disAto' kyoM chor3a diyA gayA hai ?
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________________ AcArAGga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM svIkRta kucha pAThoM kI samIkSA ka. aTThimijAe' ( sUtra 52, pAThAntara-aTThimijjAe) 6. prAcIna ke badale arvAcIna rUpa ( pada ) kA svIkRta ka. paNNANeNaM ( sUtra 62, pAThAntara-paNNANeNa ) kha. samuTThAe (sUtra 14, 25, 36, 40, 44, 52, 59evaM 70, 95, 193 meM bhI kucha sthaloM ke pAThAntara 'samuTThAya' saMdI0-prata ko zuddhatama mAnA gayA hai, usameM bhI 'samuTThAya' pATha milatA hai|) ga. aNupuvvIe (sUtra 230, pR0 84, paM0 13, pAThAntara-aNuputvIyaM; prAkRta ke vyAkaraNakAroM ne isa 'ya' vibhakti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, parantu prAcIna prAkRta sAhitya meM 'ya' vibhakti ke kitane hI udAharaNa milate haiM aura pAli bhASA meM yaha pracalita vibhakti hai|) 7. lehie kI galatI se kabhI-kabhI bhrama hone se pATha badala gayA hai aura prAcIna vibhakti ke badale arvAcIna vibhakti apanAyI gayI ho, aisA spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| ka. aNNayarammi ( sUtra 96, pR0 28, paM0 11, pAThAntara-aNNayarasi ) yaha pAThAntara zubiMga mahodaya dvArA diye gaye prAcInatama tADapatrIya prata aura cUrNi meM bhI upalabdha hai| pratoM meM 'ssi' ke badale 'mmi' kI bhrAnti hotI hai, yadi akSara spaSTa nahIM ho / udAharaNa ke taura para 'saMpamArae' ( jambU0 sUtra 15, pR0 5, paM0 17 evaM zubriga0 pR0 2, paM0 30 ) ke badale meM zukiMga ke saMskaraNa meM evaM prAcInatama tADapatra kI prata meM 'saMpasArae' pATha milatA hai aura hiMsisu ( arthAt 'hiMsimsu' ) ke badale meM cUrNi meM 'hiMsissu' ( jambU0 sUtra 52, pR0 14, paM0 1 ) pATha milatA hai / 1. svIkRta "mijAe' ke badale 'mijjAe' rUpa prAcIna hai, jabaki isI sUtra naM. 52 meM pichAe, puMchAe' ke badale meM 'picchAe, pucchAe' rUpa svIkRta kiye gaye haiM, taba phira 'mijjAe' rUpa kyoM chor3a diyA gayA ? 2. tRtIyA ekavacana kI-eNa vibhakti-eNaM se prAcIna hai aura yaha eNa vibhakti prAcInatama prata meM milatI hai| 3. yaha jarUrI nahIM ki sabhI jagaha eka hI rUpa prayukta huA ho| khaM0 he0 3 evaM lA0 pratoM meM 'samuTThAya' milatA hai aura sUtra naM. 70 meM to saMdI0 prata meM bhI samudAya hI milatA hai| saMdI0 prata zuddhatama mAnI gayI hai ( dekhie pR0 416 ) /