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________________ akalaMkadeva kRta AptamImAMsAbhASya evaM savivRti laghIyastraya ke uddharaNoM kA adhyayana kamaleza kumAra jaina purAtana nirgrantha paramparA, jise Aja hama jaina paramparA ke rUpa meM jAnate haiM, kA sAhitya saghana evaM gambhIra hai| jaina manISiyoM evaM lekhakoM ne jJAnavijJAna kI sabhI vidyAoM para gahana evaM talasparzI ciMtana kiyA hai| isa kAraNa jaina paramparA meM bhI bahutAyata meM sAhitya racanA huI hai| jainAcAryoM ne prAcIna Agama evaM Agamika prAkRta sAhitya, madhyakAlIna prAkRta aura saMskRta sAhitya, apabhraMza sAhitya tathA vyAkhyA niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA Adi-sAhitya meM apane mUla siddhAntoM kI prastuti, siddhAntoM kI vyAkhyA evaM anya maulika racanAe~ likhate samaya apanI bAta ko spaSTa karane ke lie, pramANita yA puSTa karane ke lie athavA usa para adhika jora dene ke lie anya paramparAoM-jainetara paramparAoM meM svIkRta siddhAntoM, siddhAntagata dArzanika mantavyoM kI samIkSA, AlocanA athavA nirAkaraNa karane meM pracuramAtrA meM avataraNa / uddharaNa uddhRta kiye haiN| ___ ina uddharaNoM meM bahusaMkhyA meM aise uddharaNa milate haiM, jinake mUla srota grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| bahuta se aise uddharaNa prApta hote haiM, jo mudrita granthoM meM usI rUpa meM nahIM milate, unameM pAThAntara dikhAI dete haiM / kucha aise bhI udAharaNa milate haiM, jinakA upalabdha grantha meM astitva hI nahIM hai| uparyukta uddharaNoM meM mukhya rUpa se vaidika sAhitya, prAcIna jaina Agama evaM Agamika sAhitya, bauddha sAhitya tathA SaDdarzanoM se sambaddha sAhitya ke uddharaNa milate haiN| isake sAtha-sAtha laukika, nItiparaka tathA sAhityika prApta-aprApta granthoM se bhI uddharaNa pAye jAte haiN| uparyukta jaina sAhitya gItArtha (Agama vid) AcAryoM dvArA likhA gayA hai yA saMkalita hai| cUMki AcAryoM dvArA uddhRta yA avatarita uddharaNa usa-usa samaya meM prApta granthoM se liye gae haiM, isalie ina uddharaNoM kI prAmANikatA svataH siddha hai| ina AcAryoM ke dvArA likhita granthoM meM prApta uddharaNoM ke AdhAra para vartamAna meM upalabdha granthoM se unakI tulanA evaM samIkSA kI jAye to unameM tadanusAra saMzodhana / parivartana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| aise grantha yA granthakartA, jinake nAma se uddharaNa to milate haiM, parantu usa grantha yA granthakAra kI jAnakArI abhI taka anupalabdha hai, aise uddharaNoM kA saMkalana tathA unakA viziSTa adhyayana mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa de sakatA hai / isase granthakAroM kA samaya taya karane meM bahuta sahAyatA mila sakatI hai| sAtha hI lupta kar3iyoM ko prakAza meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| prastuta nibandha meM AcArya akalaMkadeva racita AptamImAMsAbhASya tathA savivRti laghIyastraya, ina do granthoM ke uddharaNoM kA saMkSipta adhyayana prastuta karane kA prayAsa hai| __akalaMkadeva (prAyaH IsvI 720-780) jaina paramparA ke eka prauDha vidvAna evaM uccakoTi ke dArzanika granthakAra hai| unake sAhitya meM tarka kI bahulatA aura vicAroM kI pradhAnatA hai| akalaMka kA lekhana-samaya bauddhayuga kA madhyAhna kAla mAnA jAtA hai / usa samaya dArzanika, dhArmika, rAjanaitika aura sAhityika kSetra meM bauddhoM kA adhika prabhAva thA / saMbhavata: isI kAraNa akalaMka ke sAhitya meM buddha aura unake mantavyoM kI samIkSA / AlocanA bahulatA se pAyI jAtI hai /
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________________ akalaMkadeva kRta AptamImAMsAbhASya... akalaMkadeva ne svAmI samantabhadra kRta devAgama / AptamImAMsA para bhASya likhA hai / ise devAgama vivRti bhI kahA gayA hai / ATha sau zloka pramANa hone se ise aSTazatI bhI kahate haiM / isake devAgamabhASya aura AptamImAMsAbhASya nAma bhI prasiddha haiM / yaha bhASya itanA jaTila evaM durUha hai ki binA aSTasahastrI ( vidyAnandikRta vyAkhyA) kA sahArA lie isakA artha karanA atyanta kaThina hai / Vol. II - 1996 vivecya grantha AptamImAMsAbhASya evaM laghIyastraya meM bhI bauddha sAhitya ke hI adhika uddharaNa milate hai / isase patA calatA hai ki akalaMkadeva bauddhoM ke mantavyoM / siddhAntoM ke prabala virodhI rahe, parantu yaha virodha kisI durAgraha ke kAraNa nahIM rahA, apitu siddhAntabheda ke kAraNa unhoMne apane sAhitya meM bauddhoM kI paga-paga para samIkSA / AlocanA kI hai / 1. AptamImAMsAbhASya ( aSTazatI ) akalaMkadeva ne AptamImAMsAbhASya (aSTazatI) meM kula daza uddharaNa diye haiM / kArikA 21 ke bhASya meM "notpattyAdiH kriyAH, kSaNikasya tadasaMbhavAt / tato'siddho hetu " : yaha vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai / isakA nirdeza sthala nahIM mila sakA hai / kArikA 21 ke hI bhASya meM "tataH sUktam" karake nimnalikhita vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai - yadekAntena sadasadvA tannotpattumarhati, vyomavandhyAsutavat" / isakA srota bhI abhI jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai / kArikA 53 ke bhASya meM akalaMka ne "na tasya kiJcidbhavati na bhavatyeva kevalam" vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai" / yaha vAkya dharmakIrti praNIta pramANavArtika kI kArikA kA uttarArdha bhAga hai| sampUrNa kArikA isa prakAra haiM / na tasya kiJcid bhavati na bhavatyeva kevalam / bhAve hyeSa vikalpaH syAd vidhervastvanurodhataH // kArikA 76 meM "yuktyA yannaM ghaTayamupaiti tadahaM dRSTvA'pi na zraddadhe" vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai / isakA mUla strota jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai / kArikA 80 kI vRtti meM "saMhopalambhaniyamAdabhedo nIlataddhiyoH vAkya uddhRta hai / jo pramANavinizcaya se liyA gayA hai / kArikA 89 ke bhASya meM " taduktam" karake nimna kArikA uddhRta kI hai / tAdRzI jAyate buddhirvyavasAyAzca tAdRzaH / sahAyAstAdRzaH santi yAdRzI bhavitavyatA // yaha kArikA kahA~ se grahaNa kI gaI hai| isakA nirdeza - sthala abhI jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai / kArikA saMkhyA 101 ke bhASya meM "tathA coktam" karake "sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya"10 sUtra uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / evaM kArikA saMkhyA 105 ke bhASya meM "mati zrutayornibandho dravyeSvasarvaparyAyeSu " 11 yaha sUtra uddhRta kiyA hai / yaha donoM sUtra tattvArthasUtra se liye gaye haiM / kArikA 106 ke bhASya meM akalaMka ne nimna vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai..
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________________ kamaleza kumAra jaina Nirgrantha "nityatvaikAntapakSe'pi vikriyA nopapadyate" yaha vAkya AptamImAMsA kI hI eka kArikA kA pUrvArdha hai / kArikA 106 ke bhASya meM akalaMka ne 'tathoktam' karake eka uddharaNa diyA hai "arthasyAnekarUpasya dhIH pramANaM tadaMzadhIH / nayo dharmAntarApekSI durNayastannirAkRtiH / / isa kArikA kA prathama caraNa akalaMkadeva kRta nyAyavinizcaya kI kArikA saMkhyA 299 se jyoM kA tyoM milatA hai / parantu zeSa bhAga nahIM milatA / nyAyavinizcaya kI kArikA isa prakAra hai5 / arthasyAnekarUpasya kadAcitkasyacitkvacit / zaktAvatizayAdhAnamapekSAtaH prakalpyate // yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki akalaMka kI ina donoM kArikAoM kA nirdeza sthala yA AdhAra koI anya grantha ho, aura usI ke anusAra akalaMka ne nyAyavinizcaya kI kArikA kA saMgaThana kiyA ho / kisI sabala pramANa ke binA nizcita rUpa se kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai / 2. savivRti laghIyastraya laghIyastraya meM akalaMkadeva ne kula ATha (8) uddharaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai6 / kArikA saMkhyA 3 (tIna) kI vivRti meM akalaMkadeva ne "apara" zabda ke dvArA kisI vAdI ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai ! ve likhate haiM-"nahi tattvajJAnamityeva yathArthanirNayasAdhanam ityapara:17 / isa kathana ko vyAkhyAkAra prabhAcandrAcAryane diGnAga kA mata batalAyA hai / isa vivRti kA vyAkhyAna karate hue prabhAcandra ne likhA haihi yasmAt na tattvasya paramArthasya jJAnamityeva yathArthanirNayasAdhanam apitu kiJcideva, tadaiva ca pramANam / taduktama - "yatraiva janayedenAM" tatraivAsya pramANatA" ityapara:- diGnAgAdiH / parantu siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra ne ise dharmottara kA mata batalAyA hai / ve likhate hai9-a - "atra apara: saugataH prAha-"yatraiva janayedenAM tatraivAsya pramANatA" iti dharmottarasya matametat / " anya aneka AcAryoM kA bhI yahI kathana hai9-ba / kArikA saMkhyA A. (8) kI vivRti meM akalaMka ne "arthakriyAsamartha paramArthasat ityaGgIkRtya" isa vAkyAMza kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha vAkyAMza pramANavArtika kI kArikA kA aMza hai / pramANavArtika meM pUrI kArikA isa prakAra pAyI jAtI hai - arthakriyAsamarthaM yattadatra paramArthasat / anyatsaMvRtisat proktam te svasAmAnyalakSaNe // bArahavIM kArikA kI vivRti meM "tannApratyakSavyatiriktaM pramANam" vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai / yaha kisI bauddhAcArya kA mata hai| yahI vAkya akalaMka ne apane eka anya grantha pramANasaMgraha kI kArikA 19 kI vivRti meM bhI "ayuktam" karake uddhRta kiyA hai23 / vahA~ para "pramANam" ke sthAna para "mAnam" pATha milatA hai| teisavIM kArikA kI vivRti "sarvataH saMhRtya cintAM stimitAntarAtmanA sthito'pi cakSuSAM rUpaM"24 ityAdi vAkya se prArambha hotI hai / yaha vAkya bhI pramANavArtika kI kArikA kA avikala rUpa hai| kArikA
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 akalaMkadeva kRta AptamImAMsAbhASya... isa prakAra hai5 - saMhRtya sarvatazcintAM stimitenAntarAtmanA / sthito'pi cakSuSA rUpamIkSate sAkSajA matiH // 28 vIM kArikA kI vivRti meM akalaMkadeva ne "vakturabhipretaM vAcaH sUcayanti avizeSeNa nArthatattvamapi" - vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai / isakA ThIka ThIka srota to nahIM milatA, parantu pramANavArtika (1/67, pR. 30) usakI manoratha nandinI TIkA (pR. 30) evaM mokSAkaraguptakRta tarkabhASA (pR. 4) Adi meM ukta uddharaNa kA bhAva avazya milatA hai / kArikA saMkhyA 41 kI vivRti meM "guNAnAM paramaM rUpaM" - ityAdi kArikA uddhRta kI gaI hai| zAMkarabhASya para bhAmatI TIkA, kA kartA vAcaspati mizra ne ise vArSagaNya kRta batAyA hai - ataeva yogazAstraM vyutpAdayitumAha sma bhagavAn vArSagaNya : guNAnAM paramaM rUpa-1 yogasUtra kI tattvavaizAradI0 evaM yogasUtra kI bhAsvatI, pAtaMjalarahasya" meM ise "SaSTitantra zAstra kI kArikA batAyA hai| jaise ghaSTitantrazAstrasyAnuziSTi :guNAnAM paramaM-ityAdi / aura yogabhASya meM isa kArikA ko uddhRta karate kahA gayA hai-tathA ca zAstrAnuzAsanamguNAnAM paramaM rUpaM--32 / / kArikA 44 kI vivRti meM 'nahi buddherakAraNaM viSayaH yaha vAkya uddhRta hai / isakA mUla sthAna abhI mila nahIM sakA hai| kArikA 54 kI vivRti meM akalaMka ne "tataH subhASitam" karake "indriyamanasI kAraNaM vijJAnasya artho viSayaH" yaha vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai / yaha kisa zAstra kA vAkya hai, isakA patA nahIM calatA / ukta vAkya vAdirAjasUrikRta nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa meM bhI udghata hai - "indriyamanasI vijJAnakAraNamiti vacanAt / " tathA vidyAnaMda ne bhI apane zlokavArtika meM akalaMka ke sandarbha sahita ise uddhRta kiyA hai5 - "tasmAdidindrayamanasI vijJAnasya kAraNaM nArtho'pItyakalaMkairapi-" / sattAvanavIM kArikA kI vivRti meM "nAnanukRtAnvayavyatirekaM kAraNaM nAkAraNaM viSayaH" vAkya ko uddhRta karate hue akalaMka ne ise vAlizagIta kahA hai / yaha vAkya anya bahuta se granthoM meM bhI uddhRta milatA hai / 54 vIM kArikA kI vivRti meM "timirAzubhramaNanauyAnasaMkSobhAdi" vAkyAzaM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| yaha aMza dharmakIrti kRta nyAyabinduprakaraNa kI AryavinItadevakRta nyAyabinduvistaraTIkA kA hai / mUla vAkya isa prakAra hai - timirAzabhramaNa-nauyAna-saMkSobhAyanA-hitavibhramamiti /
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________________ kamaleza kumAra jaina Nirgrantha kArikA 65 ke uttarArdha rUpa meM eka vAkya "vakabhipretamAtrasya sUcakaM vacanaM tviti" uddhRta kiyA hai| jise mUla kArikA kA aMza banA liyA gayA hai| isake mUla srota kI jAnakArI nahIM mila sakI hai| kArikA 66-67 kI vivRti ke anta meM laghIyastraya meM "tataH tIrthakaravacanasaMgrahavizeSaprastAramUlavyAkAriNau dravyArthikaparyAyArthiko" Adi vAkya AyA hai / yaha vAkya AcArya siddhasenakRta sanmatiprakaraNa kI tIsarI gAthA kI saMskRta chAyA hai / sanmatiprakaraNa kI mUla gAthA nimna prakAra hai - titthayaravayaNasaMgahavisesapatthAramUlavAgaraNI / davvadiThao ya pajjavaNao ya sesA viyappAsiMra / AptamImAMsAbhASya meM akalaMka ne umAsvAti, samantabhadra, dharmakIrti, AryavinItadeva Adi AcAryoM ke granthoM se vAkya, vAkyAMza yA uddharaNa liye haiN| isI taraha laghIyastraya mUla evaM vivRti meM vArSagaNya, siddhasena, diGnAga, dharmakIrti aura dharmottara, Adi AcAryoM ke granthoM se vAkya yA vAkyAMza uddhata kiye gaye haiN| akalaMka kI uparyukta donoM kRtiyoM meM mUlataH dArzanika viSayoM kA vivecana hai / ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki unameM dArzanika granthoM ke hI uddharaNa yA vAkyAMza mileM / isIlie prAyaH sabhI uddharaNa dArzanika / tArkika granthoM se liye gaye milate haiM / uparyukta vivecana se patA calatA hai ki akalaMkadeva ne apane samaya ke athavA apane samaya se pUrva ke prasiddha taakikoN| lekhakoM ke mata kI AlocanA / samIkSA kI hai aura usake lie inake mUla granthoM se hI bahuta se avataraNa / uddharaNa diye haiM / akalaMka ke AptamImAMsAbhASya evaM savivRtilaghIyastraya meM kucha aise vAkya yA vAkyAMza pAye jAte haiM, jo dUsare-dUsare granthoM se lie gaye haiN| unameM kucha aMza to aise haiM, jo uddharaNa yA avataraNa ke rUpa meM liye gaye haiM, kintu kucha aMza bhASya yA kArikA athavA vivRti ke hI aMga bana gaye haiM ataeva bhASya yA vivRtikAra dvArA hI racita lagate haiN| akalaMkakRta AptamImAMsAbhASya evaM vivRtisahita laghIyastraya meM dUsare granthoM ke jo padya yA vAkya uddhRta haiM, unake nirdeza-sthala ko khojane kI yathAsambhava koziza kI gayI hai| bahuta se uddharaNoM kA nirdeza sthala abhI mila nahIM sakA hai, unheM khojane kI koziza jArI hai| yaha bhI prayAsa hai ki isa prakAra ke tathA anya uddhRta padya kA vAkya jina-jina granthoM meM uddhRta haiM, unako bhI saMkalita kara liyA jAye / isase granthakAroM kA samaya taya karane meM bahuta sahAyatA mila sakatI hai aura lupta kar3iyoM ko ekatrita kiyA jA sakatA hai aura unheM saMjokara prakAza meM lAyA jA sakatA hai /
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________________ Vol. II - 1996 sandarbha evaM sahAyaka grantha-sUcI 1. AptamImAMsAbhASyam aSTazatI, akalaMkadeva, saMkalana- 4. gokulacandra jaina, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, vArANasI 1989. 2. vahI, kArikA 21 bhASya. 3. vahI, kArikA 21 bhASya. 4. vahI, kArikA 53 bhASya. 5. pramANavArtikam saTIkam dharmakIrti, sampAdaka dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI 1968. 6. AptamImAMsAbhASya, kArikA 76. 7. vahI, kArikA 80. 8. nyAyakumudacandra bhAga 1, 'prastAvanA' pRSTha 46, sampAdaka paM. mahendrakumAra zAstrI / zrI satguru prakAzana, dillI 1991. 9. AptamImAMsAbhAvya kArikA 89. 10. tattvArthasUtra 1/29, tattvArthavArtika bhAga 1 ke antargata, sampAdaka : mahendrakumAra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI 1989. 11. vahI 1/26. 12. AptamImAMsAbhASya kArikA 106. 13. vahI, kArikA 37. 14. vahI, kArikA 106. 15. nyAyavinizcayaH, sampAdaka mahendrakumAra zAstrI, (akalaMkagranthatrayAntargata) siMghI granthamAlA, muMbaI 1939, kArikA 299, pRSTha akalaMkadeva kRta AptamImAMsAbhASya... 70. 16. laghIyasya (svopajJavivRti sahita) akalaMkagranthatrayAntargata, simI granthamAlA, muMbaI 1939. 17. vahI, kArikA vivRti 3. 18. nyAyakumudacandra 1/3 pRSTha 66. 19- a. siddhivinizcaya, pRSTha 9130. 19- ba. tattvArthazlokavArtika pR. 177, 200, 319, prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 1030, sanmati tarka TIkA pR. 512, syAdvAdaratnAkara pRSTha 86, zAstravArtAsamuccaya-TIkA pRSTha 151 30 para bhI yahI kathana milatA hai / parantu nyAyAvatAra ke TIkAkAra ne ise nimna rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai- "yatraivAMze vikalpaM janayati tatraivAsya pramANatA iti vacanAt / " nyAyAvatAraTIkA pRSTha- 31, draSTavya-nyAyakumudacandra bhAga - 1, pRSTha 66 TippaNI saMkhyA 11. 20. laghIyastraya, kArikA 8 vivRti. 21. pramANavArtika 2/3, pRSTha 100. 22. laghIyastraya, kArikA 12 vivRti. - 23. ayuktam- "nArthapratyakSamanumAnavyatiriktaM mAnam " pramANasaMgraha (akalaMkagranthAntargata) siMdhI granthamAlA, 1939 IsvI kArikA 19, pRSTha 101. 24. lIyastraya kArikA 23. 25. pramANavArtika 2/124. * 26. laghIyastraya, kArikA 28. 27. nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-2, pRSTha 600 601 TippaNa 6, zrI satguru prakAzana, dillI, 1991 IsvI. 28. laghIya kArikA 41 vivRti 29. zAMkarabhASya, bhAmatI pU. 352. J
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________________ kamaleza kumAra jaina Nirgrantha 30. yogasUtra tattvavaizAradI 4/13. 31. yogasUtra bhAsvatI, pAtaMjala rahasya 4/13. 32. yogabhASya 4/13, draSTavya nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-2, pRSTha 628 TippaNa. 33. laghIyastraya, kArikA 44. 34. vahI, kArikA 54. 35. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa pR. 32 e, tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR. 330, draSTavya nyAyakumudacandra bhAga-2 TippaNa 5, pRSTha 661. 36. laghIyastraya, kArikA 54 vivRti. 37. yaha vAkya AptaparIkSA pR. 42, siddhivinizcaya TIkA pR. 306 e, sanmati TIkA pR. 510, syAdvAda ratnAkara pR.1088, pramANamImAMsA pR. 34, zAstravArtA samuccaya pR. 151 e, anekAntajayapatAkA pR. 207, dharmasaMgrahaNI pR. 176, bI, bodhicaryAvatAra pR. 398, tattvArthazlokavArtika pR. 219, prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 355, 502, syAdvAdaratnAkara pR. 769, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa pR. 19 bI., syAdvAda maMjarI pR. 206 Adi meM uddhRta milatA hai| 38. laghIyastraya, kArikA 54 vivRti. 39. nyAyabinduprakaraNa saTIkam 1/6 pR. 29, sampAdaka-svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI, bauddhabhAratI, vArANasI 1985. 40. laghIyastraya, kArikA 66-67 vivRti. 41. sanmatitarkaprakaraNa bhAga-2, gujarAta purAtattva mandira, saMvat 1982, 1/3, pR. 271. (bhogIlAla laheracaMda insTiTyUTa oNpha inDolojI meM "jaina saMskRta TIkA sAhitya meM uddharaNoM kA adhyayana" viSayaka eka bRhad yojanA kA kArya pragati para hai| prastuta nibandha ukta yojanA kA aMga hai / isameM yojanA ke uddezya ke anusAra prArambhika prayAsa hai|) (lekhaka mahodaya ne sandarbhagrantha kI sUcI nahIM dI hai tathA samayAbhAva ke kAraNa hamane bhI isa kamI kI pUrti nahIM kI / ataeva kSamAprArthI) vinIta sampAdakadvaya