________________
Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra
www.kobatirth.org
Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir
3. After the Šūdra follow the people called Antyaja, who render various kinds of
services, who are not reckoned amongst any caste, but only as members of a certain craft or profession. There are eight classes of them, who freely intermarry with each other, except the fuller, shoemaker, and weaver, for no others would condescend to have anything to do with them. These eight guilds are the fuller, shoemaker, juggler, the basket and shield maker, the sailor, fisherman, the hunters of wild animals and birds, and the weaver. The four castes do not live together with them in one and the same place. These guilds live near the villages and towns of the four castes, but outside them. (Al Biruni, 'India,' ed. by
qeyeemuddin Ahmed, p. 46). 4. N. M. Bhattacharyya, The Indian Mother Goddess, p. 67 5. Puspendra Kumar, Sakti cult in Ancient India, p. 236 6. A. M. T. Jackson & R. E. Enthoven, Folklore of Gujarat. 7. Ibid. 8. Ramchandra Ghosha, op. eit. 9. A. M. T. Jackson, R. E. Enthoven, op, cit. 10. Adam Kuper and Jessica Kuper, Social Science Encyclopedia (London), p. 373 11. A.M.T. Jackson, R. E. Enthoven, op. cit. 12. Puspendra Kumar, op. cit., p. 202 13. Ramchadra Ghosba, op. cit. 14. A. M. T. Jackson, R. E. Enthoven, op. cit. 15. N. M. Bhattacharya, op. cit., p. 67 16. Pushpendra Kumar, op. cit., p. 203 17. Ramchandran Ghosha, op cit., 18. J. C. Heesterma, The Inner-Conflict of Tradition-Eassays in Indian Ritual Kinshi
and Society.
381
Samipya : April-'92 Seprembe, 1992
For Private and Personal Use Only
