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Multifaceted symbiotic philosophy of ..... : 49 period that the differences got widened. Different schools of thought in India developed by way of mutual exchanges known as vāda or vārtā. The Jaina writers are known for their faithful presentations of non-Jaina positions in their writings. The name of Haribhadra, for example, is notable in this regard.
II Jainism has been an important part of Śramaņa tradition with very ancient history. The spirit of the Sramana tradition has been strictly and rigorously adhered to by Jainism. Jainism as a philosophy and culture, as a view of reality and a way of life, has made immense contribution to world thought and culture which is of universal and perennial significance and value provided in, it is properly understood and adequately practiced. It is at once ancient in terms of origin and contemporary in terms of relevance. If its basic tenets, doctrines and practices are appropriately reinterpreted as per modern human psyche and its needs and aspirations and expressed in present day idioms and phraseology and sincerely practiced by individuals, sociocultural organizations and world forums, they may provide not only succor and solace to distracted humanity but also pave way for cosmic peace and universal happiness apart from spiritual enhancement. As a part of Indian cultural tradition Jainism advocates equality of all living beings (samatva), and loving kindness to all and respect and care for all. It prescribes various rules and regulations for harmonious, peaceful and integrated living in individual, societal and cosmic spheres. Jainism is essentially a principled mode of living based on right understanding of the nature of reality and meaning of life. Through correct attitude and mental make up (samyak-drsti) proper knowledge (samyak-jñāna) can be acquired and based on that alone proper mode of living (samyak-cāritra) is possible. The codes of conduct prescribed here are situational. The 'Five principles 2 of nonviolence, truth, non-stealing, non- possessiveness, celibacy and moderate living ensure respect for nature, vegetarianism, restrained