Tulsi Prajna 2003 10

SR No.: 524617
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Shanta Jain, Jagatram Bhattacharya
Publisher: Jain Vishva Bharati
Publication Year: 2003
Total Pages: 114
Language: Hindi
Classification: Magazine, India_Tulsi Prajna, & India
File Size: 6 MB

Page 68

5. Due to the downward electric field, the positive ions continuously
flow into earth and the negative ions ascend. The current flowing per unit has been estimated to be about 3 x 10-12 Cs. In other words, about +1800 C of charge is being pumped into earth second. As such, the negative charge (=-5x10'C) on the earth would get neutralized in a few moments. However, it does not happen at all. It is because of thunderstorm and lightning flashes occurring
world wide. Steady condition of earth atmosphere: It can be explained on the basis of the following experimental observations. 1. On the average, about 4x 10* = 40,000 thunderstorms occur per
day world wide. In other words a thunderstorm occurs every two
seconds in the world some where. It lasts for about one hour. 2. During each thunderstorm, positive charges are carried upwards
to a height of about 6 km about the surface of earth, while the negative charges collect at about 2-3 km above the earth. Thus, the top of a cloud gets positively charged and its bottom negatively
charged. 3. Due to separation of charges, a potential difference of the order of
2X10'V to 10%V is created between the earth and bottom of the cloud. (The bottom of the cloud may carry a total negative charge between -- 20c to 30c.) Such a big potential difference across the 3 km thickness of atmosphere creates an electric field, which is of
the order of 104 V m' to 3x10* Vm-l in upward direction. 4. Due to this high electric field, air gets ionized and becomes
conducting. Towards the end of thunder storm, it allows large amount of negative charges in bursts along narrow pathways from
clouds to earth. 5. In the concluding stage of a storm, there are about 200 flashes or
bolts in a storm 2x10's. Each bolt carries negative charge to the earth and about -20C charges is deposited on earth. There are
about 100 bolts of lightning per second through out the world. 6. The peak current in each bolt of lightning is about -10^C s?
After each bolt the thunder storm gets charged again and is ready for next bolt. Thus, thunderstorms make - 1800 C of charge the earth every second, which just counter-balances the steady inflow of +1800C of charge to flow from the thunderstorm free regions of the earth.
IMÎ YETT 34R
-faytak, 2003 C
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