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THE 451 3106 108 But the contention of the Jaina philosophy is altogether contrary to this. Besides, the animal kingdom and the plant kingdom, there are also in the cosmos, kingdoms of earth-bodied, water-bodied, fire-bodied and wind-bodied living beings. But that is irrelevent here. The Jaina philosophy believes that the animal kingdom and plant kingdom and even their all species had their separate existence in the past. They have their separate existence in the present and they will have their separate existence in the future. They are produced and destroyed, their new kinds/species are developed and old kinds/species destroyed only according to the changes in atmosphere, surroundings, mineral salts etc. The primitive cells of the plant kingdom were not originated from the primitive cells of the animal kingdom.
According to the Jaina philosophy, a living being is born in one of three ways : (1) Samiūrcchina Janma i.e. asexual reproduction. Without a malefemale copulation, living organisms are born at the place of their birth. As late as in the 18th and 19th centuries, scientists have discovered and showed that living organisms can be reproduced and their families can be extended without a male-female copulation. It is called asexual reproduction. Reproduction means to produce a living being from a living being. But according to the Jaina philosophy, the living beings take birth according to the Karma philosophy i.e. the deeds of their past births. And reproduction is a subsequent setup. (2) Garbhaja Janma (sexual reproduction). After a male female copulation. living beings are reproduced from spermatozoa and blood at the birth-place i.e. Yoni They then develop in different female organs for various periods of time. After their development, they come out of the body. i.e. They take birth through the female-reproductive organs. Scientists call it sexual reproduction. (3) Upapāta Janma (asexual reproduction of celestial and hellish beings). Only celestial and hellish beings take upapāta birth. it is, therefore, not necessary to describe it here. But it is rather interesting to know how upapāta birth takes place. In their
tial abodes, beds of celestial beings are spread. They are covered with bedsheets, when a god takes birth in a bed, his whole body with garments, ornaments. garlands etc. becomes ready within 48 minutes as if by a magician's magic. Then the god turns and twists the body to shake off idleness and get up. This is how gods are born. For hellish beings there are recesses in the wall. Hellish beings take their birth and make their bodies in the recesses of a wall. They get only body and no garments, ornaments, garlands etc. (For this see: The Tattvārthasūtra. Ch. 2, Sutra-31, HH SỐ 1 TH HIHI - )
This is how living beings are reproduced and born. The reproduction and birth of living beings of asexual reproduction are identical i.e. same and one 76 M |||||||
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