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Self-understanding and Work-ethics (1) That the visible world is part of a more spiritual universe from which it draws its significance;
(2) That union or harmonious relation with that higher universe is our true end;
(3) That prayer or inner communication with the spiriti thereof.,. is a process wherein work is really done, and spiritual energy flows in and produces effects, psychological or maternal, within the phenomenal world;
Religion includes also the following psychological characteristics:
(4) A new zest which adds itself like a gift to life, and takes the form either of lyrical enchantment or of appeal to earnestness and heroism.
(5) An assurance of safety and a temper of peace, and, in relation to others, a preponderance of loving affections". (p.377) (2.6) The final question : how does all this relate to the impersonality of the scientific attitude, as cultivated by a scientists of nature, right from the beginning of he scientific revolution with copernicus? William James characterised it to be a certain magnanimity of temper, which he pronounced to be 'shallow' (p.386). “The reason is that. so long as we deal with the cosmic and the general, we deal only with the symbols of reality, but as soon as we deal with private and personal phenomena as such, we deal with realities in the completest sense of the term' (p. 386; italians in the original) 'A conscious field plus its object as felt or thought of plus an attitude towards the object plus the sense of a self to whom the attitude belongs - such a concrete bit of personal experience may be a small bit, but it is a solid bit as long as it lasts.. It is a full fact, even though it be an insignificant fact, it is of the Kind to which all realities whatsoever must belong. That unsharable feeling which each one of us has of the pinch of his individual destiny as he privately feels it rolling out on fortunes' wheel may be disparaged for its egotism, may be sneered at as unscientific, but it is the one thing that fills up the measure of our concrete actuality, and any would be existent that should lack such a feeling, or its analogue, would be a piece of reality only half made up.
“If this be true, it would be absurd for science to say that the egotistic element of experience should be suppressed .... Religion makes no such blunder The individuals's religion may be egotistic, and those private realities which it keeps in touch with may be narrow enough; but at any rate, it always remains infinitely less hollow and abstract, so far as it goes, than a science which prides itself on taking no account of anything private at all.
"I think, therefore, that however particular questions connected with our individual destinies may be answered, it is only by acknowledging them as ge questions, and living in the sphere of thought which they open up, that we become profound. But to live thus is to be religious .. By being religious we establish ourselves in possession of ultimate reality at the only points at which reality is given us to guard ....
January-March 1993
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