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Vaishali Institute Research Bulletin No. 4
have laid great emphasis on the cultivation of positive virtues, e.g., love and fearlessness.
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Both the phenomena of avoidance and active participation are of a contingent nature. They refer only to the two forms of expression of the same ethical consciousness. The theory of ambivalence in modern psychology adequately explains this process.
Non-violence and its components
In order to fully understand non-violence, we must know about its associates. It can be understood in the context of Sthitaprajñata, compassion and sympathy. Sthitaprajñata represents the highest desirable states of mind or virtuous attitudes. Besides non violence, there are compassion translated as sympathetic joy. Together these four make a team whose chief is sthitaprajñā.
Compassion is a sort of suffering, mental or physical. It is a sort of universal love. Its Christian flavour is of fellow-feeling. Sympathy, without envy and without hypocrisy is somewhat related to the New Testment suggestion about rejoicing with those who rejoice, but it also goes somewhat beyond that level. Its highest form and limitless extenson
Table I
Mokṣa
(Negative)
Realm of Birth
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Equanimity (Sthitaprajñatā)
Nonviolence (Ahimsā)
Compassion (Karuņā)
Friendship
Sympathetic joy
Personal Love
Sexual Love
PLANE OF DETACHMENT
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(Positive) Love
PLANES OF ATTACHMENT
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