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Sushim Dubey
SAMBODHI
It is interesting to present here a synoptically survey of “Consciousness" or “Pure Consciousness” in different philosophies, thinkers, ism, religion and mysticism is which may be of the interest of common reader to grasp the comparative view on the consciousness.
According to western Philosophers Sartre ‘all consciousness... is consciousness of something'. In a still broader sense, 'mind' and 'consciousness' are synonyms, as are being mindful of something and being conscious of. Descartes' uses 'consciousness for reflective knowledges. Vaiśesika Sūtra 'Intellect, pleasure, pain, desire, aversion, effort are perceptible by the internal organ'. In the Buddhism permanent self and its existence denied and doctrine of Momentariness is advocated.
The consciousness in other systems of philosophy may be summarized as below in table :
SN. Name of the Time
System
The Term referring to consciousness
Stages/ Nature of Kinds or Thinkers/ Conscious- Number of description ness Conscious
ness
Upanisads
500
Cit,
Universal
Eka,
B.C. and before
Cetana, Vijñāna
Satyam Jñānam anantam Bhrahma
Aneka, Advaita
Cetana
Māndūkya Upanisad
Beyond all categories
Jāgrata, Svapna, Susupti, Turīya? Umāsvāti
3.
Jainism
Universal Many
Since | Cetana their laksano philo- Jivah sophy devel
oped
4.
Buddhism
Mahāyāna Accidental
500 B.C.
Group of Pañca Samghāt
