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Buddhist and Jaina Concepts of Man ...
NOTES 1 This paper was read before the tenth International Congress of Anthropological
and Ethnological Sciences, New Delhi, 1978. 2 See P. S. Jaini, Sramaņas : Their Conflict with Brahmanical Society." in J. W.
Elder. Ed. Chapter in Indian Civilization, I, pp. 39-81, Dubuque, 1970. 3 Bghadāranyakopani şat, 2.4.1. 4 sambūdbo gharāvāso abbhokāso pabbajjā. Dighanikaya, I, p. 62. 5 "aputtakatāya pațipando samaño Gotamo, vedhabyāya pațipanno samano 6 "pa, bhikkhave, so saddo ciram bhavissati, sattaham eva bhavissati, sattāhassa
Gotamo, kulupacchedãya patipanno samaño Gotamo..". VinayapitakaMahavagga, p. 44. accayena antaradbāyissati, .. te tumhe imāya gathāya pațicodetha-'nayanti ve mahāvirā saddhammena Tathāgatā/ dhammena niyamānānam kā ustyā vijanatam". ti 1/" Ibid. tae nam samane bhagavam Mahāvire gabhatthe ceva imevārīvam abhiggabam abhiganhai-no khalu me kappai ammāpiūhim jivamtehim...agärão anagāriyam
pavvaittae. Kalpasutra, 91. 8 For a detailed treatment of this topic, see P. S. Jaini, The Jaina Path of Purifi
cation, California/Berkeley, 1979, pp. 157-240. 9 Dighanikaya, III, pp. 180-93. 10 Jataka (No. 151). 11 Ed. H, Saddhatissa, Pali Text Society, London, 1965. 12 R, Williams, Jaina Yoga : A Survey of the Mediaeval Śrāvakācāras, London. 1963. 13 Ibid, 117-123. 14 See B. A, Saletore, Medieval Jainism, Bombay, 1938. 15 See Jinasena's Adipurāna, ch. xxxvi and Hemacandra's Trişaşpisalākāpuruşaca
rita, I, ch. iv-v, 16 adhuna narake turye sa Sambuko Daśānanah/ Laksmanas cāsti, gatayaḥ karmi
dhina hi dehinām // Ibid. VII. ch, x, 231. 17 svargam trivistapam prāpya Dhramarājo yudhisthiraḥ| Duryodhanam kriya
justam dadarśasinam āsanell Mahābhārta, XVIII, i, 4. '18 See, for example, the Vessantara jātaka (Jataka. No, 547). 16 Adipurana, ch. XXXVIII. 20 dvau hi dharmau grhasthānām laukikaḥ pāralaukikah/ lokāśrayo bhaved adyah
paraḥ syād agamāśrayaḥ|| Upāsakādhyayana, kārikā 477. 21 sarva eva hi Jainānām pramānam laukiko vidhiḥ| yatra samyaktvahānir da
yetra na vratadūşanam Ibid, kārikā 480. 22-See R. C. Gombrich, Precept and Practice, Oxford, 1971. 23 It is interesting to note that the Gitā places the women and sūdras in the same
bracket : mām hi Pārtha vyapāsritya ye 'pi syuḥ pāpayonayah/striyo vaibyas?
tatha südrās te 'pi yānti parām gatim/ ix. 32. 24 Kalpasitra, #135. 25 Prameyakamalamartanda (stri-mukti-vicārah), pp. 328-34, (Bombay, 1941). 26 Trişaştisalākāpuru şacarita, VI, ch. vi, 19-213. For the Digambara version (which
rejects the Svetāmbra tradition on Malli) see Uttarapurāna, Ixvi,-1-65,
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