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Dr. Subhash C. Jain : Transmigration, Evolution and Jain Karma Doctrine
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Thus living beings can be divided into ten classes : Living Beings
Number of Vitalities Human Celestial Infernal Five-sensed-samanaska subhuman Five-sensed-amanaska subhuman 9(w/o mind) Four-sensed subhuman
8 (w/o mind and hearing) Three-sensed subhuman
7 (w/o mind, hearing, and
vision.) Two-sensed subhuman
6(w/o mind, hearing, vision
and smell) One-sensed subhuman
4 (w/ touch, body, respira
tion and age) Nigoda
4 (w/ touch, body, respira
tion and age) Karma Doctrine:
The law of karma is a causal law, which implies that every deed has consequences. A deed is defined as an intentional, voluntary activity carried our by the physical action of mind, speech, and body, termed Yoga," and the spiritual action that includes intention, desire, attachment/aversion, etc, termed passion (kasāya). 18 In short, a deed is an action performed by yoga-plus-kaṣāya. Living beings perform deed all the time. For the law of karma to be meaningful, it should be valid every moment and everywhere in the universe. In other words, the law of karma, similar to physical laws, is universal 19,20. If the law of karma is universal, then the law-of-karma-governed consequences of deeds are also universal.21 The law-of-karma-governed consequences of a deed depend only on the deed and do not depend on any other factor such as the time and place of the deed. It implies that the law-of-karma-govermed consequences of a deed are same whether the deed is done in India or anywhere in the universe and whether it
