Jain Journal 2008 07 No 01

SR No.: 520271
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Satyaranjan Banerjee
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication
Publication Year: 2008
Total Pages: 38
Language: English
Classification: Magazine, India_Jain Journal, & India
File Size: 2 MB

Page 21

Sagarmal Jain : Jain Literature
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Works on Jain ethics, Jain code of conduct yoga and religious rituals. Works on religious preachings along with Jain narrative literature. Jain literature on secular subjects.
5.
So far as Jain canonical literature is concerned it is composed in Prakit between 5th century B.C. to 5th century A.D., on the basis of the preachings of the Tīrthankaras. This canonical literature includes many books, we find a detailed list of these works in Nandisūtra (5th century A.D.), in which 12 Angas, 6 Āvaśyakas, 31 Kālikāsūtras and 29 Utkālikasūtras, in all 78 works were mentioned. According to Svetambara tradition among these 78 works, one Angāgama i.e. Dșstivāda, 15 Kālikāsūtras and 11 Utkālikasūtras are not presently available, but the remaining 51 works are available. According to Digambara tradition except a very little part of Dșștivāda, all the canonical literature has been lost. It is believed that on the basis of some remaining part of the Dşstivāda, Digambar Ācāryas have composed some works, such as, Kāṣāyapāhūda, Şațkhandāgama, Tiloyapaņņati, Samayasāra, Niyamasāra Bhagavati-Ārādhanā etc.
According to Svetāmbara tradition at present 11 Angāgamas, 12 Upāngas, 6 Chedasūtras, 4 Mūlasūtras, 10 Prakīrņakas and 2 Chūlikāsūtras are available. This canonical literature restored through five councils. The first council had met at Pātaliputra after the 150 years of Mahāviras Parinirvāņa, under the leadership of Sthūlibhadra. The second council had taken place at mountain Kumari in 2nd century B.C. in Orissa, which was organised by the king Khāravela. The third and fourth councils took place at Mathura and Vallabhi simultaniously in 3rd century A.D. under the leadership of Skandila and Nāgārjuna respectively, till the third and fourth councils canon had been going on orally, It is in the fifth council at Vallabhi in Gujrat