Jain Journal 1999 04

SR No.: 520134
Original Sutra Author: N/A
Author: Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication
Publication Year: 1999
Total Pages: 58
Language: English
Classification: Magazine, India_Jain Journal, & India
File Size: 3 MB

Page 5

WINTERNITZ : UMĀSVĀMĪ/UMĀSVĀTI
123 Not far removed from Samantabhadra in point of time is Akalanka, 10 or Akalankadeva, who wrote Tattvārtharājavārttika, 11 a commentary on the Tattvārthādhigama-Sūtra, and Astašati, a commentary on Samantabhadra's Aptamimāmsā. He is also the author of works on logic, Nyāyaviniscaya, Laghīyastraya and Svarūpasambhodhana. 12 A treatise on expiatory rites, Prayascittagrantha (or Prāyaścittavidhi) is also ascribed to him. 13 His views are opposed by Kumārila, the great philosopher of Brahmanical orthodoxy, whilst Vidyānanda Pātrakeśarin 14 and Prabhācandra defend Akalanka against Kumārila. Vidyānanda wrote Astasahasri, 15 a commentary on Aştašati, also Tattvārthaślokavārttika, 16 a commentary on Umāsvāmin's work, Āptaparikṣā and Patraparikṣā, 17 Pramānanirņaya and Pramānaparikṣā. 18 Based upon Akalanka's Nyāyaviniscaya there is a work on logic, the Parikṣāmukha-Sūtra, 19 by Mānikyanandin;20 and Prabhācandra, who calls himself a pupil of Padmanandin (i.e., Kundakunda), wrote a commentary on the last-named work : this commentary is entitled Prameyakamalamārtanda, and is a well-known work on logic. The same author also wrote another work on logic, Nuāyakurudacandrodaya. It has been believed hitherto that this is the same Prabhācandra who was a pupil of Akalanka in the 8th century. According to the epilogue (prasasti) of the first work, however, this work was written in Dhārā in the reign of King Bhoja (1019-1060
.),21 One Prabhācandra wrote commentaries on the 10. Cf. Hiralal, Catalogue, p. xxvi ff. 11. Edited in SJG 4, Benares 1915. 12. Laghiyastraya and Svarūpasambodhana are edited in MDJG No. 1. 13. Edited together with three other treatises on Prayascittas in MDJG No.
18 (Prāyascitta-Samgraha). But it is doubtful whether Akalanka is really
the author of this treatise; S. Hiralal, Catalogue, p. xxvi. 14. Cf. Hiralal, Catalogue, p. xxviii f. 15. Edited in Gāndhināthāranga-Jaina-Granthamālā, Bombay 1915. 16. Edited in Gāndhināthāranga-Jaina-Granthamālā, Bombay 1918. 17. Edited in SJG 1,2, Benares 1913; Aptapariksā also in DJGK I. 18. Edited in SJG 10, 1914. 19. Edited in SJG I, Bombay 1905; also in DJGK I. Cf. S. Ch. Vidyābhūşana,
History of Indian Logic, p. 188 ff. 20. According to a Digambara Pattāvali(Hoernle in Ind. Ant. 20, 1891, p.
352) Mānikyanandin lived in 528 A.D. Cf. also Hiralal, Catalogue, p. xxviii. A later Mānikyanandin was the teacher of Meghacandra, who died
in 1163 A.D., S. Lewis Rice, Epigraphia Carnatica, Vol. XII, p. 134. 21. Thus according to A. Venkatasubbiah in JBRAS, N.S., 3, 1927, p. 144 ff.
But according to K.B. Pathak in OC IX, London 1892, 1, 213 (s. above, p. 478 and note 4) Jinasena mentions Akalanka in the Adi-Purāna (838 A.D.) and speaks of Prabhācandra as the author of Candrodaya. In the