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APPENDIX
5 Mahävratas (Great Vows) Ahimsa
Nonviolence
Satya
Truth
Asteya
Non-stealing
Not to commit any type of violence. Not to indulge in any type of lie or falsehood Not to take anything not given voluntarily. Not to indulge in any sensual pleasures Not to acquire more than what is needed to maintain day-to-day life
Brahmacharya
Celibacy
Aparigraha
Nonpossessiveness
27 Attributes of Ascetics Shvetämbar Tradition (group 1) • 5 Great vows to follow
5 senses to control – To control the pleasures of five senses; touch, taste, smell, sight, hearing 3 activities to control: mind, speech, and body (Three Guptis) 6 types of souls to protect
Protection of five one-sensed lives (water, fire, earth, air and plant known as Sthävar souls) and one group of mobile living beings (two-sensed to five-sensed living
beings grouped together known as Trasa souls) Observe restraints • Not to eat before sunrise or after sunset
Practice forgiveness Avoid greed Endurance of hardship Endurance of suffering
Introspection • Keep a pure heart Shvetämbar Tradition (group 2)
5 Great Vows (Mahä-vrata) to follow 5 senses to control – To control the pleasures of five senses; touch, taste, smell, sight, hearing 3 activities to control: mind, speech and body (three Guptis) 4 Kashäyas to avoid, which are the four passions: Anger, Ego, Deceit, Greed
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ENGLISH PRATIKRAMAN
